The ‘art’ of limiting freedom of information

Just a few months ago, citizens across the globe were amazed to find out about the existence of two massive communications surveillance programs run by the US government. The latters justification for such a violation of basic privacy rights ran along predictable lines: the programs were efficient because they prevented many terrorist attacks. There was never any specific information regarding these terrorist actions, which obviously leaves citizens with a bitter feeling that only increases their skepticism.

But less predictable is the response the government might give regarding the case involving Edward Snowden, the ex-NSA contractor and alleged whistleblower who told the world about these programs.

Some of the leaked documents indicate that the NSA and the British intelligence agency (GCHQ) allegedly spied on Julian Assange and WikiLeaks. In this particular case, Assange was defined as a malicious foreign actor, which is to say that he was classified as a threat to national security. WikiLeaks was apparently under such close surveillance that its website postings were monitored and the IP addresses of website visitors recorded. Another document describes how the United States pressured allied countries to get them to treat Julian Assange as a criminal. This is simply unacceptable in a democratic country that prizes itself on upholding the rule of law.

Article 19.2 of the United Nations Covenant on Civil and Political Rights states that everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression; this right shall include freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any other media of his choice.

Assange was defined as a malicious foreign actor, a threat to national security

These same fundamental rights are reflected in other regional human rights protection documents, such as: article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights; article 13 of the Inter-American Convention on Human Rights; and article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights.

Exercising these rights may be subject to legal restrictions considered necessary to ensure respect for the rights or the reputation of others, and to protect national security, public order, public health or public morality. But just like any other restriction, these must be applied in a strict sense.

What is vitally important here is that all these legal documents regulate freedom of expression and freedom of information in the same article, as the former is the basis for the latter, and because freedom of expression is not possible without the freedom to impart and receive information.

That is to say that access to information is a necessary condition to fully exercise freedom of expression and other rights. If one is not informed, his or her opinion may still be valid but incomplete, or at least different from what it would be if this information had been made available. And this affects other areas, such as exercising the right to vote.

That is why the United Nations Human Rights Committee has stated that freedom of expression and freedom of information are of the utmost importance in any democratic society.

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The ‘art’ of limiting freedom of information

WikiLeaks says Subramanian Swamy passed on Indira Gandhi’s election strategy and health details to the US

In a recent revelation, WikiLeaks has released cables containing information about how the United States managed to scoop details about late Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's election strategies and health details during the Emergency in 1977 from Subramanian Swamy, asenior BJP leader and a bitter critic of the Gandhi family.

The post also gives details about how Swamy acted as the Indian source of information for US officials.

The report states that Indira Gandhi was 'indisposed' and wanted to set March as the election date to square things in her favour in light of her alleged bad health (according to the report, she was suffering from terminal cancer).

dna tried to reach out to Swamy, both via calls and text messages. But he had not responded at the time of filing this report.

National spokesperson for the Congress, Sanjay Jha said, "This report by WikiLeaks shows that there were dangerous elements in Indian politics which were not in favour of national interest."

Below is the full text of WikiLeaks report:

Several reports suggesting the prime minister may be in ill health have come to the department's attention in recent days. It has been reported Jagjivan Ram wished her speedy recovery in his letter of resignation. An AFP report from Delhi February 2 cites an informed Indian source to effect she is in poor health. However those close to her are also reported by AFP as explaining that she is slightly indisposed. A further report from Delhi indicates she looked tired and drawn in responding to Jagjivan Ram's announcement. Subramanian Swamy suggested to department officer ten days ago that he heard Mrs. Gandhi was prompted to set the March election date because she wanted to square things away in view of her failing health. Newsweek has a story she has terminal cancer and the surprise election call was a way to assure the quick succession of Sanjay in the next 60-90 days.

Below is the tweet:

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WikiLeaks says Subramanian Swamy passed on Indira Gandhi's election strategy and health details to the US

Swamy gave intelligence on Indira Gandhi to US, reveals Wikileaks

New Delhi: Wikileaks released an electronic telegram sent in 1977 that contained classified information about the Congress party president Indira Gandhi. It was sent from the Department of State (USA) to New Delhi, India.

The cable cites former Rajya Sabha member Subramaniam Swamy as the source who told a US department officer that Indira Gandhi is set to declare elections in March in view of her failing.

The reports clearly mention Swamy as a prime source of highly private information given to the US authorities.

As per the report, Gandhi was prompted to set the March election date because she wanted to square things away in view of her failing health as she was suffering from terminal cancer and the surprise election call was a way to assure the quick succession of Sanjay in the next 60-90 days.

Swamy and senior BJP leaders couldnt be reached for comments.

Full text as per WikiLeaks :

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Swamy gave intelligence on Indira Gandhi to US, reveals Wikileaks

WikiLeaks source changes name to female

Bradley Manning, the US soldier convicted of leaking a trove of secret documents to the anti-secrecy website WikiLeaks, will now be legally known as Chelsea Manning, a judge has ruled.

Manning is serving a 35-year prison sentence at Fort Leavenworth in Kansas and had requested the name change after court-martial proceedings revealed the soldier's emotional turmoil over sexual identity.

Leavenworth County District Judge David King granted the request to allow Manning "to legally change her name from 'Bradley Edward Manning' to 'Chelsea Elizabeth Manning'", said a statement issued by supporters.

In the same statement, Manning praised the result.

"It's worth noting that in both mail and in-person, I've often been asked, 'Why are you changing your name?'

"The answer couldn't be simpler: because it's a far better, richer, and more honest reflection of who I am and always have been - a woman named Chelsea," Manning said.

"Hopefully today's name change, while so meaningful to me personally, can also raise awareness of the fact that we ... (transgender) people exist everywhere in America today, and that we must jump through hurdles every day just for being who we are," he said.

Manning has asked authorities for medical treatment, including hormonal replacement therapy, for her gender identity disorder. But the military maintains it does not provide for such treatment.

Manning was convicted in August 2013 on espionage charges and other offences for passing along 700,000 secret documents, including diplomatic cables and military intelligence files, to WikiLeaks in the largest-scale leak in US history.

A US Army general denied clemency to Manning last week, upholding the 35-year sentence.

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WikiLeaks source changes name to female

Judge decides whether WikiLeaks leaker can be called Chelsea

U.S. Army Pfc. Bradley Manning is escorted by military police as he arrives for his sentencing at a military court facility Aug. 21, 2013, in Fort Meade, Md. A judge granted a request April 23, 2014, for Manning to change her name from Bradley Edward to Chelsea Elizabeth. Mark Wilson/Getty Images

LEAVENWORTH, Kan. -- A Kansas judge granted a request Wednesday to formally change the name of the soldier convicted of leaking classified documents to WikiLeaks from Bradley Edward Manning to Chelsea Elizabeth Manning.

The former intelligence analyst is serving a 35-year prison sentence for passing classified U.S. government information to the anti-secrecy website WikiLeaks. Manning is serving the sentence at the Army prison at Fort Leavenworth in Kansas.

During a hearing that lasted about a minute, Leavenworth County District Judge David King said he'd allow the name change.

The decision clears the way for official changes to Manning's military records, but it would not compel the military to treat Manning as a woman. That includes transferring Manning to a prison with a woman's unit.

Sgt. Bradley Manning, dressed as a woman; on April. 23, 2014 a judge approved his name change to Chelsea Elizabeth Manning.

"Likewise, the U.S. Disciplinary Barracks is a male-only facility and prisoners there are referred to by the title 'inmate,'" Wright said in a statement to The Associated Press.

Manning, who grew up in Oklahoma, filed the court petition as the first step toward getting her Army records changed.

Manning has been diagnosed by at least two Army behavioral health specialists with gender dysphoria, or gender identity disorder.

Manning was sentenced in August for six Espionage Act violations and 14 other offenses for leaking more than 700,000 secret military and U.S. State Department documents, along with battlefield video, while working as an intelligence analyst in Iraq in 2009 and 2010. An Army general upheld the convictions last week, clearing the way for appeals with the Army Court of Criminal Appeals.

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Judge decides whether WikiLeaks leaker can be called Chelsea

WikiLeaks Informant Manning Is Now Officially Chelsea

Chelsea Manning, formerly known as Bradley, is escorted out of a courthouse in Fort Meade, Md., after the third day of her court martial on June 5, 2013.

Image: Patrick Semansky/Associated Press

By Lorenzo Franceschi-Bicchierai2014-04-23 17:04:41 UTC

A judge has granted a request from WikiLeaks' most famous informant, the soldier formerly known as Bradley Edward Manning, to have her name formally changed to Chelsea Elizabeth Manning.

The Leavenworth County District Judge David King allowed the name change in a one-minute long hearing, according to the Associated Press. Manning will now officially be known as Chelsea.

Manning formally requested her name to be changed last month, but she announced that she is female and wanted to be known as Chelsea last year, after being sentenced to spend 35 years in prison for leaking hundreds of thousands of secret documents to WikiLeaks.

"Today is an exciting day," Manning wrote in an open letter published on the Chelsea Manning Support Network website. "Ive been working for months for this change, and waiting for years."

Manning added that she requested a name change "because its a far better, richer, and more honest reflection of who I am and always have been a woman named Chelsea."

The ruling is the first step toward a change in Manning's military records. But it won't change her confinement status, meaning she will remain in her current male-only prison facility and won't be transferred to a prison with a women's unit, according to the AP.

Manning also requested hormone therapy, and to live as a woman during her time in prison, and she has been diagnosed with gender dysphoria, or gender identity disorder. But the U.S. military prisons have no legal obligation to provide hormone therapy.

Link:
WikiLeaks Informant Manning Is Now Officially Chelsea

Assange: Critics got lucky because NSA had no PR strategy

WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange, speaking by Skype at SXSW today. Daniel Terdiman/CNET

AUSTIN, Tex.--National security reporters are a new kind of political refugee, but for the first time they've had a extremely powerful opponent without an effective public relations strategy.

Those were two of the main points delivered by WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange during a teleconference interview at South by Southwest today.

Assange, speaking over Skype from the Ecuadorian Embassy in London, said that while the Internet had, over the last few years, been co-opted by the U.S. National Security Agency, the Pentagon, and other government organizations in what could amount to the "most aggressive form of state surveillance" ever created, critics had in some ways gotten lucky.

In the past, Assange said, the NSA had run a public relations strategy that relied on radio silence, to essentially not exist. But, he said, it appears that the intelligence agency was not prepared for the worldwide outcry that resulted from the release by former NSA contractor Edward Snowden of documents revealing the organization's massive surveillance efforts. "The Pentagon has [always had] that strategy of trotting out soldiers wrapped in flags trying to demonstrate bravery, but the NSA didn't have that strategy," Assange said. "We got lucky, because we ended up with an opponent that didn't have a PR strategy."

What that's meant, he suggested, is that while the NSA has almost certainly not curtailed its surveillance actions, it has come under much brighter scrutiny than ever before, with substantial coverage of what it does, and intense criticism, both at home and abroad. And that, though change may be slow, can only be a good thing.

To be sure, many of the leading voices in the community of critics of national-security surveillance have had to run from prosecution. Assange, for example, has been forced to hole up in the Ecuadorian Embassy in London for nearly two years to avoid prosecution. Similarly, Snowden is in exile in Russia, and four other vocal critics, Glenn Greenwald, Jacob Applebaum, Sarah Harrison, and Laura Poitras are all living outside the United States and Britain. Greenwald is in Brazil, while Applebaum, Harrison, and Poitras are all living in Berlin.

To be sure, those critics have lost much of their personal freedom, at least insofar as where they live and work, and as such have become what Assange called "a new type of [political] refugee."

In addition to Assange, both Snowden and Greenwald will be speaking to SXSW by teleconference.

At the same time, though, Assange said he and the others have a freedom few political critics, especially those on the run, have never had before. Thanks to the Internet, each can still work and criticize organizations like the NSA, and similar institutions abroad. And in Assange's own situation, because he is protected inside an embassy, he is outside the reach of British police or other attempts to silence him. "To some degree," he said, "it is every national security reporter's dream, to be in a land without police."

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Assange: Critics got lucky because NSA had no PR strategy