Finding value in data, integrating open source software, a small talent pool, and ethical concerns around data were found to be trouble areas in a new state of data science report.

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A report on the state of data science from software firm Anaconda finds that data science is anything but a stable part of the enterprise. In fact, it has several serious challenges to overcome.

SEE: Tableau business analytics platform: A cheat sheet (free PDF download) (TechRepublic)

Luckily, Anaconda's report provides four recommendations organizations should focus on to address problems it found in its survey of data science professionals: A lack of value realization, concerns over the use of open-source tools, trouble finding and retaining talent, and ethical concerns about bias in data and models.

"The institutions which rely on [data science] are still developing an understanding of how to integrate, support, and leverage it," the report said.

The four trouble areas that Anaconda found are keys in the continued evolution of data science from an emerging part of enterprise business to a fundamental part of planning for the future of work.

This problem stems mainly from production roadblocks like managing dependencies and environments, a lack of organizational skills needed to deploy production models, and security problems.

Combined, those three problems lead to 52% of data science professionals saying they have trouble demonstrating the impact data science has on business outcomes. This varies across sectors, with healthcare data pros having the most trouble proving benefits, where 66% said they sometimes or never can do so, to consulting, where only 29% said the same.

"Getting data science outputs into production will become increasingly important, requiring leaders and data scientists alike to remove barriers to deployment and data scientists to learn to communicate the value of their work," the report recommends.

According to the report, open-source programming language Python dominates among data scientists, with 75% saying they frequently or always use it in their jobs.

Despite the popularity of open-source software in the data science world, 30% of respondents said they aren't doing anything to secure their open-source pipeline. Open-source analytics software is preferred by respondents because they see it as innovating faster and more suitable to their needs, but Anaconda concluded that the security problems may indicate that organizations are slow to adopt open-source tools.

"Organizations should take a proactive approach to integrating open-source solutionsinto the development pipeline, ensuring that data scientists do not have to use their preferred tools outside of the policy boundary," the report recommended.There's a caveat to mention here: Anaconda is the manufacturer of a Python-based open-source data science platform. The results of its survey may be tilted in favor of open-source products since people surveyed were recruited via social media and Anaconda's email database.

There are several layers of problems to parse through here. First, the report found that what students are learning and what universities are teaching isn't necessarily what enterprises need from new data scientists.

The two most frequently cited skill gaps by businessesbig data management and engineering skillsdidn't even rank in the top 10 skills universities are offering their data science students.

Another layer of problems comes in talent retention, which the report found is closely tied to how often data science professionals are able to prove the value of their work. Across the board, however, 44% data scientists said they plan to look for a different job within the next year.

Anaconda makes three recommendations to address this problem:

"Of all the trends identified in our study, we find the slow progress to address bias andfairness, and to make machine learning explainable the most concerning," the report said.

Ethics, responsibility, and fairness are all problems that have started to spring up around machine learning and artificial intelligence, and Anaconda said enterprises "should treat ethics, explainability, and fairness as strategic risk vectors and treat them with commensurate attention and care."

Despite the importance of addressing bias inherent in machine learning models and data science, doing so isn't happening: Only 15% of respondents said they had implemented a bias mitigation solution, and only 19% had done so for explainability.

Thirty-nine percent of enterprises surveyed said they had no plans to address bias in data science and machine learning, and 27% said they have no plans to make the process more explainable.

"Above and beyond the ethical concerns at play, a failure to proactively address these areas poses strategic risk to enterprises and institutions across competitive, financial, and even legal dimensions," the report said.

The solution that Anaconda recommended is for data scientists to act as leaders and try to drive change in their organizations. "Doing so will increase the discipline's stature in the organizations which depend on it, and more importantly, it will bring the innovation and problem-solving, for which the profession is known, to address critical problems impacting society."

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Challenges facing data science in 2020 and four ways to address them - TechRepublic

Course explains what EdgeX Foundry is, how it works, how to use it in your edge solutions, leveraging the support of LF Edges large ecosystem

SAN FRANCISCO, July 1, 2020The Linux Foundation,the nonprofit organization enabling mass innovation through open source, today announced the availability of a new training course,LFD213 Getting Started with EdgeX Foundry.

LFD213, was developed in conjunction withLF Edge, an umbrella organization under The Linux Foundation that aims to establish an open, interoperable framework for edge computing independent of hardware, silicon, cloud, or operating system. The course is designed for IoT and/or edge software engineers, system administrators, and operation technology technicians that want to assemble an edge solution.

The course covers how EdgeX Foundry is architected, how to download and run it, and how to configure and extend the EdgeX framework when needed. The four chapters of the course, which take approximately 15 hours to complete, provide a basic overview, a discussion of device services, which connect physical sensors and devices to the rest of platform, application services, how to send data from EdgeX to enterprise applications, cloud systems, external databases, or even analytics packages, and more.

Hands-on labs enable students to get and run EdgeX and play with some of its important APIs, as well as create a simple service (either device or application service) and integrate it into the rest of EdgeX.

EdgeX Foundryis an open-source, vendor-neutral, hardware- and OS-agnostic IoT/edge computing software platform that is a Stage 3 (Impact) project under LF Edge. In the simplest terms, it is edge middleware that sits between operational technology, physical sensing things and information technology systems. It facilitates getting sensor data from any thing protocol to any enterprise application, cloud system or on-premise database. At the same time, the EdgeX platform offers local/edge analytics to be able to offer low latency decision making at the edge to actuate back down onto sensors and devices. Its microservice architecture and open APIs allow for 3rd parties to provide their own replacement or augmenting components and add additional value to the platform. In short, EdgeX Foundry provides the means to build edge solutions more quickly and leverage the support of a large ecosystem of companies that participate in edge computing.

EdgeX Foundry is on a phenomenal growth trajectory with multiple releases and millions of container downloads, said Jim White, EdgeX Foundry Chair of the Technical Steering Committee and CTO of IOTech Systems. Given the scale of the adopting community and ecosystem, it is critical that there is proper training available to allow new adopters and prospective users to learn how to get started. The new training, created by the architects of EdgeX Foundry and managed by The Linux Foundation, will allow developers exploring EdgeX a faster and better path to understand and work with EdgeX while also accelerating our projects adoption at scale.

The course is available to begin immediately. The $299 course fee provides unlimited access to the course for one year including all content and labs. Interested individuals may enrollhere.

About the Linux Foundation

Founded in 2000, the Linux Foundation is supported by more than 1,000 members and is the worlds leading home for collaboration on open source software, open standards, open data, and open hardware. Linux Foundations projects are critical to the worlds infrastructure including Linux, Kubernetes, Node.js, and more. The Linux Foundations methodology focuses on leveraging best practices and addressing the needs of contributors, users and solution providers to create sustainable models for open collaboration. For more information, please visit us atlinuxfoundation.org.

The Linux Foundation has registered trademarks and uses trademarks. For a list of trademarks of The Linux Foundation, please see its trademark usage page:www.linuxfoundation.org/trademark-usage. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.

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New Training Course Aims to Make it Easy to Get Started with EdgeX Foundry - Container Journal

(Image credit Tim O'Reilly)

Tim O'Reilly has played a critical part in framing some of the most influential conversations about the role of technology in economies and across society since the early 1990s. Concepts and movements such as open source software, Web 2.0, Government-as-a-Platform and the WTF Economy are all well known and referenced widely within the technology industry. In other words, when O'Reilly speaks up about something, people tend to pay attention.

Given the fundamental shifts we are seeing across the economy now and the rapid escalation of using digital tools to counter the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, it's unsurprising that O'Reilly has some opinions.

Just as a disclaimer, the following ideas have been selected from a wide-ranging conversation that covered a variety of topics (including at one point, O'Reilly wrangling some chickens - no, really). But I feel that almost all the talking points played into the same overarching theme - COVID-19 has shown us that drastic change is possible when there is enough will and force used. With this in mind and knowing that the status quo doesn't have to be sustained, what sort of society would we like to build going forward?

O'Reilly said:

I think the impact of the pandemic is sort of meta, in that it has simply told us, loud and clear, that the way things are can change. We've had this big resetting of the Overton window in politics in recent years and now we're having this big reset of the Overton window in the economy.

This is just the beginning of changes, not the end. A lot of people frame this up as What happens post pandemic?'. I don't think that's the right way to think about it. This is the century of things that we can imagine could happen but never really took seriously and never prepared for actually happening. And that's a big deal.

O'Reilly said that people and commentators always point to the digital revolution' over the past decade or so as a period of unprecedented change. However, he believes that this is not accurate and there have been similar disruptive developments in recent history, for example the period between 1890-1930. In fact, O'Reilly argues that the digital change we have been experiencing, whilst meaningful, was pretty continuous with what went before.

But COVID-19 is different, and because of that, we now have an opportunity to build a collective consensus on how to shape society and the economy going forward. He said:

I think we in the developed world are facing our first serious period of change in a way that we have not seen before, for a very long time. And because everything is up for grabs, I think there is a real opportunity and a requirement to shape that. Instead of just taking whatever we get.

Social, racial and economic equality are front of mind for O'Reilly. So too is the urgency around climate change. O'Reilly spoke about capitalism being the best of the worst economic systems, but argued that we don't have to accept it in its current form and we can use the technology we have available to us to build something better (more on that later). However, it will require a conscious effort to drive the change we want to and ought to see. This will come eventually, he said, but it would be better that it happened sooner rather than later.

This is why I'm excited in a way because it's breaking the old paradigm. I don't think it's entirely going to go away and I don't think it's going to go away easily. I say to people, look we can have a positive 30/40/50 years, or we can have a really negative one before we wake up. We can rise to the occasion and put the machines to work alongside us or we can keep building this fundamentally trivial consumer economy, where we are making stuff that nobody really wants and throws away.

But how do you build this consensus for change? That's not an easy question to answer, particularly in a world where divisions between ideas and fields of thought are growing wider by the day and lines are being drawn left, right and centre. O'Reilly is of the view that we can't expect society as a whole to just understand what truth' is within the context of swathes of information being distributed online, via often unknown sources. People are influenced easily and we need to develop tools and educate ourselves on discerning truth from fiction. He said:

We can't just let people go off into these disjunct realities and then hate on each other. I'm not sure how we get back to that, but we are going to have to. I do think that through the power of, in some sense, persuasion - for example, in America Donald Trump persuaded a group of people that a set of feelings were okay to express. And now a group of people associated with Black Lives Matter has persuaded a different group of people to express and to have solidarity. What you see are these vast contests for human belief. These media idea storms are the future.

I think one of the most important technologies that we're going to have to develop, is that you can't rely on people to be media literate. You can't rely on people to sort out truth from falsehood. A lot of people say Facebook's algorithm is the problem - yes, Facebook's algorithm is the problem today, but it's also the solution. I feel very strongly that there has to be more curation, not less.

These are all big ideas and it can sometimes seem difficult to pinpoint exactly what kind of change we should be striving for. One area of particular interest for O'Reilly, unsurprisingly, is intelligent machines, AI and algorithmic systems. He is adamant that the fundamental skill that society has to get better at in the 21st Century is partnering with intelligent machines - instead of driving out human capital to reduce cost, we need to think about how these intelligent systems can be used to reshape the economy (where the driver isn't just share price).

O'Reilly said that he often uses a quote by Dr. Paul Cohen, the founding Dean of School of Computing and Information at the University of Pittsburgh, which is:

The opportunity of AI is to help humans model and manage complex interacting systems.

We need to look at our economies through this lens, O'Reilly argued.

We are engaged in this massive project to rebuild our economy, with all of the signals we have today, rather than the signals that we had 100 years ago.

The algorithm of our financial markets is to maximise corporate profits and stock share prices and humans are a cost to be eliminated. And then you say, well why do we have this society of inequality and inequity? It's because we built a machine and told it to optimise for that. I think where we are right now is that we are at a moment where we can recognise the choices that we've made in building the society we built.

Again, COVID-19 is playing a significant role in driving this shift in thinking forward, given that people are recognising that the way governments find and spend money is down to political choice. For example, the US government arguing that there is no money for universal healthcare, but then finding trillions of dollars to prop up industries and the stock market.

We need to get better at using these new intelligent systems to reshape the economy in a way that works for everyone. O'Reilly said:

The fundamental skill we have to get better at in the 21st Century is partnering with intelligent machines. It's easy to see things like Amazon's next day delivery or Uber and their ilk through the lens of current broken labour markets. But you could look at them through the lens of this massive algorithmic coordination of human effort. We are in the early stages of that.

I found this conversation with O'Reilly fascinating in many ways. Writing this story was a challenge, given that the ideas are so big and almost seem incomprehensible within the current system that we operate. But I think O'Reilly is right, COVID-19 has highlighted that change is possible and we *do* have a choice and we *do* have control over how we shape the economy. Building a consensus over what sort of economy and society we'd like to have isn't an easy thing to do, but I think it's becoming clear to many that the current system we have in place isn't working for a significant chunk of people. We need to focus our efforts on coalescing people around real change that lifts us all, rather than getting distracted with disinformation. And we need to stop assuming that access to economic opportunity isn't gated in many ways, because it is.

I'll finish with the following quote from O'Reilly:

I think there are more COVID-like wildfires in our future. So our ability to respond is going to be super important. There are some really important things about capitalism - in many ways it's the worst economic system, except for all the rest. But that doesn't mean it can't be improved. And part of what makes it better is more perfect knowledge. We have tools for knowledge and coordination that we didn't have before.

We are now building systems at scale and shape what billions of people believe, new kinds of systems. We need to understand how to use those systems effectively. We do need to redirect our economy in some pretty fundamental ways, but I have more hope that we're actually going to be able to do that than I've ever had before. We've seen that it's possible to do it in different ways.

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Tim OReilly - COVID-19 is an opportunity to break the current economic paradigm - Diginomica

Whilst swapping out the stereo in his car for a more modern Android based solution, [Aaron] noticed that it only utilised a single CAN differential pair to communicate with the car as opposed to a whole bundle of wires employing analogue signalling. This is no surprise, as modern cars invariably use the CAN bus to establish communication between various peripherals and sensors.

In a series of videos, [Aaron] details how he used this opportunity to explore some of the nitty-gritty of CAN communication. In Part 1 he designs a cheap, custom CAN bus sniffer using an Arduino, a MCP2515 CAN controller and a CAN bus driver IC, demonstrating how this relatively simple hardware arrangement could be used along with open source software to decode some real CAN bus traffic. Part 2 of his series revolves around duping his Android stereo into various operational modes by sending the correct CAN packets.

These videos are a great way to learn some of the basic considerations associated with the various abstraction layers typically attributed to CAN. Once youve covered these, you can do some pretty interesting stuff, such as these dubious devices pulling a man-in-the-middle attack on your odometer! In the meantime, we would love to see a Part 3 on CAN hardware message filtering and masks [Aaron]!

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Custom Packet Sniffer Is A Great Way To Learn CAN - Hackaday

The gig economy is full of disruptive technological darlings. Uberrevolutionised how we used taxis, AirBnBchanged the hospitality market forever, while Deliveroo has a substantial impact on how cities develop and change and how we use our city space. Their impact,we argue, is a consequence of one of their most important inventions: how to look like theyre invisible. It is by making themselves invisible that they redefine social responsibilities. This is their basicmodus operandi(MO), which theyput forwardand applyagain, andagain, most recently, todeny employee rights to their workers. This MO is based on their effortful attempt to act and manage invisibly, which is a political act. We look at Uber for evidence of such invisible management.

We draw these conclusions from our analysis of two UK court cases, one in the High Court of Justice in 2015, and the following major Uber case in the UK that took place in the Central London Employment Tribunal in 2016. These cases are interesting because they reveal how the judges have to navigate the law to rule on concepts that werent thought of when the laws were written. Quite a challenge indeed!

The first court case was a ruling from the High Court of Justice in October 2015. The judge had to consider whether Uber was a taxi service, and hence, a transport service and not a technology company. The key object in that issue was whether the app could be considered a taximeter or not. What is a taximeter? It is defined as a calculative device that must be for the calculation of the fare. Yes, clients exchange money with drivers to take them from one point to another and this is displayed on the clients and drivers apps. The calculation, however, happens in Ubers servers and not in the apps, and so the smartphones are not taximeters, and thus Uber is not a taxi service. Its non-presence in the drivers car allows it to remain a technology company and not a transport service. Uber, then, was just a technological infrastructure that matched people together.

If Uber is not there in the car for calculating fares, its presence is felt in other ways as the second case will show. In the Central London Employment Tribunal in 2016, the judges ruling centres this time on the changing nature of Uber and its position as an intermediary. Uber presents itself as an invisible infrastructure that connects two people and proposes a fare and travel option. An infrastructure is a great analogy for Uber: you dont think about the roads you walk in when you walk them, their purpose or why they are there. You dont wonder where the water pipes that give you water come from or go to: its there and its as if its always been there. Its hard to imagine London without its roads.

So when questions arise whether drivers should be considered as employees and what is Ubers involvement with them, the invisible infrastructure is a great analogy for them because it rationalises their usefulness without them being conspicuously involved; even their fare calculations are unseen. As an infrastructure company, Uber is like a road connecting people together. Their involvement is invisible, you dont question the road you walk on when you go meet someone, do you? However, a series of documents presented to the judge by both the claimants and defendants make the judge unpack the invisible aspect of the infrastructure.

Indeed, Uber imposes upon the drivers the path to take (with ensuing punishment if the drivers fail to take it), monitors the behaviour of drivers (through a rating system), or screens the drivers and their cars at recruitment (black cars are preferred). Many of these conditions and monitoring happens through and by the algorithm. Invisible, yet organising work, Ubers algorithm was deemed to manage people just as a supervisor would.

The law here is a key player in the definition of Uber itself and technology. Before the Central London Employment Tribunals ruling, Uberwasa digital platform, exemplar among the technology companies as a match-maker infrastructure having as much right to be part of our cities as the streets have; an invisible actor connecting people together and drawing up the public space for us. After the ruling, Uberbecamean infrastructure with responsibilities. These can be listed: Uber made sense of the city, mapped it, decided what cars should roam where, what roads to take, what price to pay. Uber did not only match people together, it also became seen as an agent responsible for defining the roles of the people it connected. Through its driver ratings, Uber, for example, would define what a good driver was. The app rating system had an answer, Uber could define the notion of driver from their interactions with the app. Ironically, it is these questions that pushed the two claimants to present their case against Uber: they resisted the apps control over their own understanding of what drivers are, where they should be, and who should judge them.

Uber is an infrastructure different to the roads, the ports, and the pipes in our cities. It is a thinking infrastructure that manages people through our very use. It is important, in our mind, to think beyond digital infrastructures cast as platforms without responsibilities, without agencies. They make people perform certain roles and act in certain and specific ways which may be obscured, obfuscated, or plainly unclear. We have to think about infrastructures beyond just a foundation upon which other things are built, but as infrastructures that create relations and create roles. From this perspective, defining infrastructure becomes a political act. Beyond the promise of efficient matchmaking, what sort of society are such platforms trying to configure? Perhaps, we should also ask ourselves: what sort of society are we willing to see?

Daniel Curto-Milletis a Marie Curie research fellow at the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), studying the sustainability of open source beyond technical environments. His is interested in the intersection between organisation, technology, and society. He has conducted research on openness as an organisational principle and open source software development. Daniel holds a PhD in Information systems from LSE.Twitter@curtomil.

Roser Pujadasis a research fellow in information systems at LSE, undertaking research on the organisational, managerial and social implications of digital interfaces, as part of the EPSRC-funded projectInterface Reasoning for Interacting Systems (IRIS). She is broadly interested in the social and organisational implications of digital innovation. She has conducted research on the sharing economy, considering the variety of models of economic organisation that digital platforms support, and the ways gig workers navigate and support each other in the sharing economy landscape. Roser holds a PhD in information systems (LSE). Twitter@roserpujadas1.

This article was first published in LSE Business Review

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Managing while invisible: how the gig economy shapes us and our cities - Qrius

Information Security Forum explores the risks and challenges of open source software | 2020-06-25 | Security Magazine This website requires certain cookies to work and uses other cookies to help you have the best experience. By visiting this website, certain cookies have already been set, which you may delete and block. By closing this message or continuing to use our site, you agree to the use of cookies. Visit our updated privacy and cookie policy to learn more. This Website Uses CookiesBy closing this message or continuing to use our site, you agree to our cookie policy. Learn MoreThis website requires certain cookies to work and uses other cookies to help you have the best experience. By visiting this website, certain cookies have already been set, which you may delete and block. By closing this message or continuing to use our site, you agree to the use of cookies. Visit our updated privacy and cookie policy to learn more.

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Information Security Forum explores the risks and challenges of open source software - Security Magazine

Data not only drives our modern world; it also bears enormous potential. Data is necessary to shape creative solutions to critical challenges including climate change, terrorism, income and racial inequality, and COVID-19. The concern is that the deeper you dig into the data, the more likely that sensitive personal information will be revealed.

To overcome this, we have developed and released a first-of-its-kind open source platform for differential privacy. This technology, pioneered by researchers at Microsoft in a collaboration with the OpenDP Initiative led by Harvard, allows researchers to preserve privacy while fully analyzing datasets. As a part of this effort, we are granting a royalty-free license under Microsofts differential privacy patents to the world through OpenDP, encouraging widespread use of the platform, and allowing anyone to begin utilizing the platform to make their datasets widely available to others around the world.

Cynthia Dwork, Gordon McKay professor of CS at Harvard and Distinguished Scientist at Microsoft said, Differential privacy, the heart of todays landmark milestone, was invented at Microsoft Research a mere 15 years ago. In the life cycle of transformative research, the field is still young. I am excited to see what this platform will make possible.

Differential privacy does this via a complex mathematical framework that utilizes two mechanisms to protect personally identifiable or confidential information within datasets:

Through these mechanisms, differential privacy protects personally identifiable information by preventing it from appearing in data analysis altogether. It further masks the contribution of an individual, essentially rendering it impossible to infer any information specific to any particular person, including whether the dataset utilized that individuals information at all. As a result, outputs from data computations, including analytics and machine learning, do not reveal private information from the underlying data, which opens the door for researchers to harness and share massive quantities of data in a manner and scale never seen before.

We need privacy enhancing technologies to earn and maintain trust as we use data.Creating an open source platform for differential privacy, with contributions from developers and researchers from organizations around the world, will be essential in maturing this important technology and enabling its widespread use, said Julie Brill, Chief Privacy Officer, Corporate Vice President, and Deputy General Counsel of Global Privacy and Regulatory Affairs.

Over the past year, Microsoft and Harvard worked to build an open solution that utilizes differential privacy to keep data private while empowering researchers across disciplines to gain insights that possess the potential to rapidly advance human knowledge.

Our partnership with Microsoft in developing open source software and in spanning the industry-academia divide has been tremendously productive. The software for differential privacy we are developing together will enable governments, private companies and other organizations to safely share data with academics seeking to create public good, protect individual privacy and ensure statistical validity, said Gary King, Weatherhead University Professor, and Director Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University.

Because the platform is open source, experts can directly validate the implementation, while researchers and others working within an area can collaborate on projects and co-develop simultaneously. The result is that we will be able to iterate more rapidly to mature the technology. Only through collaboration at a massive scale will we be able to combine previously unconnected or even unrelated datasets into extensive inventories that can be analyzed by AI to further unlock the power of data.

Large and open datasets possess an unimaginable amount of potential. The differential privacy platform paves the way for us to contribute, collaborate and harness this data, and we need your help to grow and analyze the worlds collective data repositories. The resulting insights will have an enormous and lasting impact and will open new avenues of research that allow us to develop creative solutions for some of the most pressing problems we currently face.

The differential privacy platform and its algorithms are now available on GitHub for developers, researchers, academics and companies worldwide to use for testing, building and support. We welcome and look forward to the feedback in response to this historic project.

Tags: AI, artificial intelligence, data privacy, Data Protection, Open Data, Privacy

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New differential privacy platform co-developed with Harvard's OpenDP unlocks data while safeguarding privacy - Microsoft on the Issues - Microsoft

Global Information Technology Market was valued US$ 300 Bn in 2017 and is expected to reach US$ 900 Bn by 2026, at CAGR of 14.72% during forecast period.

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Global Information Technology Market by GeographyInformation technology (IT) industries are dealing with application of computers, computer peripherals and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and move data. It contains broadcasting, computer networking, systems design services and information distribution technologies like television and telephones.

Internet of Things (IoT) was latest development observed in information technology services as of 2017. IoT is the network of physical objects like vehicles, devices, buildings and other items which are surrounded with electronics, sensors, software and network connectivity that allows these objects to collect and exchange data and have various applications. For example, Microsoft and Rolls-Royce have announced a partnership centering on future Rolls-Royce intelligent engines, which will be integrating Microsoft Suite into its service solutions to develop its digital skills. Information technology service market is comparatively concentrated, with a number of big, global players. Around 30% of total market share in 2016 is made top five competitors in the market. IBM is largest competitor, followed by Accenture, HPE, Microsoft, and SAP.

Previously, software publishers would open source software which was not making money, but to increase its presence and share in the market, now companies are open sourcing software. Open Source Initiative, 78% of companies are using open source solutions and 64% are contributing in open source projects indicating a rise in open source software platforms to build applications. Global Information Technology Market Report provides policymakers, marketers and senior management with the acute information they need to consider the global information technology market.

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Enterprise IT security is a continuous challenge for IT leaders, Companies are working in a relentless and dynamic technology environment which puts all their digital properties at risk. Globally, cybercrime networks are worth $100 billion, thats twice as much as companies spend on protecting their information resources. Keeping that things in mind, what are the most important challenges for IT leaders to mitigate this threat?Asia Pacific was largest region in information technology market in 2017, accounting for around 40% market share. North America was the second largest region which was holding around 25% market share, and Africa was the smallest region accounting for around 2% market share.

Key players operated in market include Fujitsu, HP, Accenture, IBM, TCS, NTT Data, Oracle, CapGemini, CSC, SAP, AT&T, Apple, Verizon Communication, China Mobile, Microsoft, Amazon, Hewlett-Packard, Google, Comcast, Intel.Scope of Global Information Technology Market:

Global Information Technology Market by Type:

Telecom IT Services Software Publishers Computer HardwareGlobal Information Technology Market by Application:

BFSI Telecommunications Retail And E-Commerce Government And Defense OthersGlobal Information Technology Market by Geography:

North America Asia Pacific Europe Latin America Middle East & AfricaKey Players Operated in Market Include:

Fujitsu HP Accenture IBM TCS NTT Data Oracle CapGemini CSC SAP AT&T Apple Verizon Communication China Mobile Microsoft Amazon Hewlett-Packard Google Comcast Intel

Major Table of Contents Report

Chapter One: Global Information Technology Market Overview

Chapter Two: Manufacturers Profiles

Chapter Three: Global Global Information Technology Market Competition, by Players

Chapter Four: Global Global Information Technology Market Size by Regions

Chapter Five: North America Global Information Technology Revenue by Countries

Chapter Six: Europe Global Information Technology Revenue by Countries

Chapter Seven: Asia-Pacific Global Information Technology Revenue by Countries

Chapter Eight: South America Global Information Technology Revenue by Countries

Chapter Nine: Middle East and Africa Revenue Global Information Technology by Countries

Chapter Ten: Global Global Information Technology Market Segment by Type

Chapter Eleven: Global Global Information Technology Market Segment by Application

Chapter Twelve: Global Global Information Technology Market Size Forecast (2019-2026)

Browse Full Report with Facts and Figures of Global Information Technology Market Report at: https://www.maximizemarketresearch.com/market-report/global-information-technology-market/23601/

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Global Information Technology Market : Industry Analysis and Forecast (2018-2026) - WorldsTrend

Open source communities around the world have been on the forefront of assisting medical researchers, health care professionals and government health agencies with research on the coronavirus responsible for the rapid spread of COVID-19 around the world.

"Open" means the developers of a project whether that be software, a physical device, or research papers have agreed that the project's product can be freely distributed and redistributed without licensing fees. While open source is most often associated with the software development process the term was coined to define, the no-license approach is being applied in other intellectual property fields as diverse as hardware, research, writing and visual.

Openness has been particularly important to those dealing with the pandemic. Having research results made available under a Creative Commons license, for example, means the information can be freely copied and distributed to all researchers to whom it would be useful. Open source software allows teams of developers to design software to meet specialized needs cheaply for what are essentially small niche markets: software used specifically to administer COVID-19 cases, or software designed to help research labs do work with specialized proteins that might be useful for treating COVID-19.

Much of the COVID-19 help from the software-driven open source community has come in the form of hackathons, events in which software coders and developers get together (online instead of face-to-face during the pandemic) to develop software for the common good. According to the nonprofit health data standards-development organization Health Level 7 (HL7) International, there have been at least 20 major COVID-19-focused open source hackathons, sponsored by a wide range of groups that includes MIT, Johns Hopkins University, Microsoft Research, and even the White House.

The organization leading the charge on the software front has been the Debian Project. The organization, which develops the foundational Debian Linux distribution, now also has released a distribution called Debian Med as part of its Debian Pure Blend line. (That line releases specialized operating systems designed to meet needs specific to certain industries or users.)

Debian Med is focused on medicine and health care, and is available with collections of free software packages that are sorted by categories, called tasks, with each category addressing a different area of medicine. There's a category for medical practice and patient management, for example, as well as separate categories for molecular biology, medical imaging, psychology and so on.

When Debian held a special open source COVID-19 Biohackathon in early April, much but not all of the work was to increase Debian Med's usefulness on the COVID-19 front, both for researchers seeking to develop treatments or vaccines, and for the health care workers on the front lines in hospitals and clinics around the world. The software packages were designed for everything from medical practice management to the sequencing of RNA.

The open source COVID-19 hackathon Debian held in March was so successful that the project is currently holding another COVID-19 Biohackathon, which began on June 15 and will run through June 21.

"We considered the outcome a great success in terms of the approached tasks, the new members we gained and the support of Debian infrastructure teams," Andreas Tille, the "initiator" of Debian Med, wrote in a post to the Debian email list. "COVID-19 is not over and the Debian Med team wants to do another week of hackathon to continue with this great success."

The hardware open source community, often referenced as the maker movement, has also been hard at work.

Makers have made multiple efforts to help supply hospitals and clinics with inexpensive and easy to make medical devices. Tom Soderstrom, the IT chief innovation officer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, designed three models of washable, reusable, comfortable respirator masks that can be printed on 3D printers at a cost of about $2 each. The designs, 3D printer files, detailed test results, as well as build and test instructions are all available online, and the whole project has been released as open source.

Ventilators, essential to treating the worst cases of COVID-19, have also been in short supply, and there are a number of open source projects underway to develop low cost ventilators that can be made from 3D printed parts. Included are some designs that could cost less than $100 to produce, a vital consideration for small clinics in third-world countries, such as the OpenLung Emergency Medical Ventilator that uses a bag valve mask.

These ventilators, respirators and hackathons are only a small part of the involvement of various open source communities in fighting COVID-19. In March, Mozilla, the organization behind the open source Firefox web browser, announced the open source COVID-19 Solutions Fund as part of its Open Source Support Program, which grants awards of up to $50,000 each to open source projects responding to COVID-19.

In addition, Mozilla is also openly supporting the Open COVID Pledge, an international coalition of scientists, technologists, and legal experts that is calling on companies, universities and other organizations to make their intellectual property temporarily available free of charge for use in ending the pandemic and minimizing its impact.

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Meet the Groundswell of Open Source COVID-19 Efforts - ITPro Today

This time you will know which are the best OS of 2020, in this way you can equip your computer with the best. And it is that without an operating system, a computer cannot function, that simple.

That is why the debate for years has been which of the various operating systems are really the best. So in this article, you will find the answer to this with a registered list of the best SOs of 2020, of all the existing ones.

An operating system is the software that allows you to run crucial applications on your computing device. It also helps manage the hardware resources of a computer. Similarly, it helps support basic functions like scheduling tasks and controlling peripherals; such as keyboard, mouse, speakers, among others.

When it comes to using an OS at home, Windows and macOS are great options. If youre at home, you dont need a powerful operating system, especially for simple tasks like typing or surfing the internet. For games, the Windows operating system is well optimized than that of the Mac.

When discussing the fastest operating system, there is no argument that the Linux based operating system is the lightest and fastest operating system on the market right now. You dont need a powerful processor unlike Windows, to function at an optimal level.

Linux based operating system like Ubuntu Server, CentOS server or Fedora are great options. Especially for commercial companies where a very substantial computing power is mandatory.

You must understand that not everyone has enough money to pay for a high-grade operating system for their computers. However, thats not all the bad news as there are free OS alternatives that ensure your computer continues to function. All the options that we show you below are available to download. Therefore, you can simply install it today if you want.

First of all, you have Linux; which is absolutely free and will literally run anywhere you install it. You have Chrome OS, which is available on several high-end, low-cost laptops, such as Chromebooks. FreeBSD comes with its roots connected to Linux, it is the modern version of the Berkeley Software Distribution.

Try Syllable; which is another free alternative only for home and small business users. ReactOS, which was initially released as a Windows 95 clone. This operating system has come a long way since then.

As we mentioned before, the following list aims to simplify your decision-making process. Therefore, you dont need to waste time thinking about what is best for your needs.

Windows is the most popular and most used operating system on this list. From Windows 95 to Windows 10, this has been the operating software that is driving computer systems around the world. It is easy to use, it starts and resumes operations quickly. The latest versions have more built-in security to keep your data safe.

It has a robust user interface that helps facilitate navigation, with a start menu on the left side by listing options and rendering applications. The new Task View feature allows users to switch between multiple workspaces at once, all by displaying all open windows.

Similarly, it has two separate user interfaces, one for the mouse and the keyboard. In addition, it has the Tablet Mode designed for touch screens. It has a multi-factor authentication technology, for greater security such as BIN, PIN, fingerprint recognition, among others.

Automatically compresses system files to reduce their storage footprint. Windows OS is better because of how it has evolved over time. Its security system is of the latest generation, its user interface allows convenient use. Regardless of the device you are using it on. The only thing that could affect you is its price.

Ubuntu is a Linux based operating system that comes with everything you are looking for in an operating system. It is perfect for organizations, schools and for home use. You can free download, use and share. And that should only be worth taking a look at Ubuntu, one of the best OS of 2020.

Furthermore, it is backed by Canonical, which is a global software company and now by the major Ubuntu service providers. It is an open source OS, which allows users to freely download, use and share it. It comes with a built-in firewall and antivirus protection software, making it the most secure operating system.

You can get five years of security patches and updates, and Ubuntu is fully translated into 50 different languages. It works and is compatible with all the latest laptops, desktops and touch screen devices.

Ubuntu is a great option if you have holes in your pockets. Its open source feature is attractive enough to appeal to many users as well. But it makes up for the quality by providing a robust interface and security features that are too difficult to pass on.

Mac OS has been the staple of almost all Apple devices, as you may remember. It has evolved over time to include the characteristics that define innovation first and foremost.

This is why in recent years, Mac operating systems have been completely free with the occasional free update from their developers. But if you are an Apple user, you have no other option except the macOS operating system.

The new dark mode gives your desktop interface a cool look, which is friendlier to your eyes. A dynamic desktop helps to automatically organize your desktop files by type, date, or label. It has a continuity camera, which scans or photographs a document near your iPhone and automatically appears on your Mac computer.

You can discover carefully selected applications with the Mac application store. It has a new iTunes, which allows you to search for songs with few lyrics. Prevent websites from following your Mac by making your profile more anonymous online.

This is Macs biggest achievement in terms of the dynamic appearance and design of its interface. It is probably one of the most attractive operating systems today. Now, Apple is allowing its users to have this operating system and all its updates free of charge. And this has greatly eased the burden on users who are already paying a lot for Apple devices.

Fedora is another Linux-based system that gives Ubuntus open source features a race for money. Fedora is reliable, easy to use and a powerful operating system for any laptop and desktop computer. In addition, Fedora is the operating system for occasional users and is aimed at students, amateurs and professionals who work in corporate environments.

It has a sleek new user interface that allows developers to focus on their code, with the Gnome 3 environment. It offers a complete open source toolbox with languages, tools and utilities in one click or remote commands. It also allows you to delve into powerful virtualization tools to put virtual machines to work.

You can include your own applications in containers or implement ready-to-use applications with the OCI (Open Container Initiative) image support. Although it is also good for personal use, Fedora works best for developers in the corporate environment. You have all the tools and utilities that a developer needs to work on their projects and its free.

Solaris is a UNIX-based operating system that was originally developed by Sun Microsystems in the mid-1990s. It was renamed Oracle Solaris in 2010, after Oracle acquired Sun Microsystems. It is known for its scalability and various features that made it possible, such as Dtrace, ZFS, and Time Slider.

It provides the worlds most advanced security features, such as process management and user rights, allowing you to secure mission-critical data. It offers indisputable performance benefits for Java-based, database and web services. Also, it offers high performance networks without any modification.

It has unlimited capacity to aid in the management of file systems and databases, and enables seamless interoperability to solve hundreds of hardware and software problems.

For these reasons, Oracle Solaris is considered one of the best free open source operating systems in the industry. It enables scalability, interoperability, data management, and security. Factors that are fundamental for companies that need high-end operating software.

FreeBSD, as its name implies, is free open source software based on UNIX. It supports a variety of platforms and is primarily focused on features like speed and stability. The coolest part of this software is its origin. It was built at the University of California by a large development community.

It has advanced networking, compatibility and security features that are still lacking in many operating systems today. It is ideal for internet and intranet services. Plus, it can handle large loads and manage memory efficiently to maintain good responses for multiple simultaneous users.

It has an advanced integrated platform that supports high-end devices based on Intel. It is easy to install using CD-ROM, DVD or directly over the network using FTP and NPS.

FreeBSDs biggest draw is its ability to deliver a robust operating system, given the fact that it was built by a large community of students. It is best for networks, it is compatible with multiple devices and it is very simple to install. Therefore, you must try it.

Chrome OS is another operating software based on the Linux kernel, designed by Google. As it is derived from the free Chromium OS operating system, it uses the Google Chrome web browser as its main user interface. This operating system mainly supports web applications.

It has a built-in media player, which allows users to play MP3s, view JPEGs, and handle other media files offline. Also, you will have access to remote applications and access to a virtual desktop. Chrome OS is designed to be compatible with all Android applications and run Linux applications.

Chrome OS is a working system that works well, but there are still many promises about what it could be. For now, it is good for multimedia, Linux and Android applications. For the other features, you just have to wait and watch.

CentOS is another free open source software powered by the developer community that enables robust platform management. It is best for developers looking for an operating system to help them perform their code tasks. This does not mean that it has nothing to offer to those who simply want to use it for common purposes.

It has extensive resources for coders looking to build, test, and release their codes. It has many advanced networking, compatibility and security features that are still lacking in many operating systems today. Plus, it enables seamless interoperability by solving hundreds of hardware and software problems.

It also provides the most advanced security features available today, such as process management and user rights. This allows you to secure mission critical data. CentOS is recommended for encoders, rather than for personal and home use. CentOS makes your encoding work simpler and faster. Moreover, it is free.

Debian is an open source operating system based on the Linux kernel. It comes with over 59,000 packages and is pre-compiled software, included in a nice format. It is easy to install and offers an easy to use interface. It is faster and lighter than other operating systems, regardless of processor speed.

It comes with built-in security firewalls to protect valuable data and is easy to install through any means. It has advanced networking, compatibility, and security features that many powerful operating systems dont.

Debian might not be the most versatile of the operating systems we mentioned, but its free open source feature makes it a must-try if you have little money in your pocket.

Deepin is an open source operating system based on a stable branch of Debian. It has DDE, (Deepin Desktop Environment, for its acronym in English). Built in QT. It has been praised for its beautiful aesthetics and very attractive interface.

It is a robust and easy to use OS and has advanced security features. It has a simple installation procedure. And its home to Deepins custom apps. As a font installer, file manager, screen capture, Deepin screen recorder, voice recorder, image and movie viewer, among others.

Similarly, Deepin can be termed its own niche operating system. Its free and improves many deficiencies of the Debian OS. With more modifications, it will compete with major operating systems like Windows and Mac in no time.

An operating system is a fuel that is required to run your computer at your convenience. Therefore, there are many operating systems that make it possible. Choose the best SO of 2020 that suits your needs and your comfort. If you are looking for a personal use like games and navigation, Windows is perfect. If you have an Apple device, you have no choice but to use macOS.

For businesses, there is the option of Linux and UNIX based operating systems. So what you choose from the list above will help clear up any confusion and make the right decision.

For this reason, the best operating system must be capable of running critical computer applications. Manage the software and hardware of a device and connect to the CPU for memory and storage allocation.

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These are the best OS of 2020: which one to choose? - Explica