Unity among nations, in push for greater space security at UN-led talks – UN News

The firstOpen-ended Working Group on Reducing Space Threatsthats been meeting all week in the Swiss city, is the result of a UN General Assemblyresolutionlast December, seeking to promote norms, rules and principles of responsible behaviours among countries already present in the cosmos - or which are planning to have a presence in space.

The situation has changed dramatically in the last few decades. We have so many space activities there is a growing number of space-faring nations - and even those that are not space-faring are sending their own satellites, explained Hellmut Lagos, chair of the working group talks.

There are so many activities and the regulations arenot enough to deal with the different risks and threats to the security of all those activities.

Progress on disarmament is a key priority of UN Secretary-General Antnio Guterres, who recentlyreportedon ways to reduce the risks of misunderstanding and miscalculations on outer space issues.

An internationalOuter Space Treatyalready exists that forms the basis of international space law.

Its main focus is on the peaceful exploration and use of outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodiesfor the benefit and in the interests of all countriesand shall be the province of all mankind.

In keeping with the optimism of the era surrounding the space race,astronauts are described as envoys of mankind, and there is also a nod to todays concerns over space pollution, with explicit wording that States must avoid the harmful contamination of space, the moon and other celestial bodies.

Russia, the UK and the US provided the original impetus for the treaty, whose impressive title in full is Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies.

But the Outer Space Treaty is 55 years old and needs updating urgently, to take account of new space-based threats to global security and the fact that all nations rely on space today for everything from navigation to communication, broadband and finance, explained Mr. Lagos:

The most basic things that we do in in modern life, they are dependent on these technologies and services that come from space: GPS, critical infrastructure, energy, everything, everything is controlled by space technologieseveryone is becoming increasingly aware of this issue.

Chilean diplomat Lagos also pointed out that although nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction are banned in the 1967 space accord the cornerstone of the international space regime, in his words - there wasno way of knowing about todays new generation of missile systems that can target satellites.

Equally important, there is no review mechanism of the treaty as there is with other major treaties, Mr. Lagos noted, which is why all Member States need to find common ground on new norms, rules and principles, to plug legal gaps that might be exploited by space-faring nations.

To date, China, Indian Russia and the US have reportedly used anti-satellite (ASAT) technology,sparking concerns about attempts to weaponisespace and the fact that an unknown number of fragments may now be hurtling around around earth in low orbit, threatening spacecraft including the International Space Station.

NASA/Johnson

NASA astronaut Scott Kelly is seen floating during a spacewalk on 21 December 2015 as he and fellow astronaut Tim Kopra released brake handles on crew equipment carts on either side of the space station.

Underlining the increasing number ofnon-State actors involved in space exploration, Mr. Lagos welcomed the significant number of civil society representatives at the talksin Geneva, and the fact that countries from all regions of the world attended.

Civil society is extremely important, not only because there are an increasing number of non-State actors in space, but also because their participation in these multilateral processes,they give an additional layer of legitimacy to the result, to the outcome of the process.

And although global tensions are higher than theyve been for decades, as a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February, the underlying push for consensus of the working groups agenda has kept discussions on track, Mr. Lagos insisted.

Last week, the head of Russias space agency reportedly confirmed that in response to sanctions over the war in Ukraine, Russia was planning to pull out of the International Space Station.

It is obvious that the geopolitical context now is really concerning and it has an impact on all the discussionsand all the processes all over the world that does not exclude us, said Mr. Lagos.

But we are trying to have a positive momentum in this process at least to try to make progress because it is in everybodys interest, and so far we have achieved that we see that there is big engagement and interest in moving things forward.

The next session of the Working Group is planned for September, where the item will be current and future threats by States to space systems, and actions, activities and omissions that could be considered irresponsible.

Next year, the group will take up its item on the preparation of recommendations to the General Assembly.

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Unity among nations, in push for greater space security at UN-led talks - UN News