noviembre de 2014
La psoriasis es una enfermedad de la piel que causa descamacin e inflamacin (dolor, hinchazn, calentamiento y coloracin). Regularmente las clulas de la piel crecen desde las capas ms profundas y suben lentamente a la superficie, reemplazando constantemente a las clulas muertas de la superficie. Este proceso se llama renovacin celular, y tarda aproximadamente un mes. Con la psoriasis, la renovacin celular ocurre en slo unos pocos das, lo que provoca que las clulas nuevas suban demasiado rpido y se acumulen en la superficie.
En la mayora de los casos la psoriasis causa parches o placas de piel gruesa, enrojecida y con escamas plateadas. Estas placas pueden producir picor o dolor. A menudo se encuentran en los codos, las rodillas, otras partes de las piernas, el cuero cabelludo, la parte baja de la espalda, la cara, las palmas de las manos y las plantas de los pies. Tambin pueden aparecer en otras partes tales como las uas de las manos y los pies, los genitales y la parte interior de la boca.
A cualquier persona le puede dar psoriasis, pero ocurre ms frecuentemente en los adultos. En algunos casos, las personas con psoriasis tienen antecedentes familiares. Ciertos genes parecen estar vinculados a esta enfermedad. La psoriasis aparece con igual frecuencia en hombres y mujeres.
La psoriasis comienza en el sistema inmunitario, principalmente con un tipo de clulas blancas presentes en la sangre llamadas linfocitos T. Los linfocitos T ayudan a proteger el cuerpo contra infecciones y enfermedades. En la psoriasis, los linfocitos T se activan indebidamente, causando la activacin de otras respuestas inmunitarias. Esto produce hinchazn y el rpido reemplazo celular en la piel. Las personas que tienen psoriasis pueden notar que a veces la piel mejora y otras veces empeora. Los factores que pueden causar el empeoramiento de la piel con psoriasis incluyen:
La psoriasis puede ser difcil de diagnosticar porque en ocasiones los sntomas se parecen a los de otras enfermedades de la piel. En estos casos, el mdico debe examinar una pequea muestra de piel en el microscopio.
El tratamiento para la psoriasis depende de:
Los tratamientos para la psoriasis no funcionan igual para todo el mundo. El mdico debe cambiar el tratamiento si ste no funciona, provoca una mala reaccin o si deja de funcionar.
Tratamiento tpico:
Los tratamientos aplicados directamente a la piel (cremas, pomadas) pueden:
Fototerapia:
La luz ultravioleta natural producida por el sol y la luz ultravioleta artificial se usan a veces para tratar la psoriasis. Un tratamiento, llamado PUVA, combina el uso de la luz ultravioleta con un medicamento que sensibiliza la piel a la luz.
Tratamiento sistmico:
Si la psoriasis es fuerte, los mdicos pueden recetar medicamentos o ponerle una inyeccin. Esto es un tratamiento sistmico. Normalmente no se usan antibiticos para el tratamiento de la psoriasis a menos que una infeccin bacteriana empeore la psoriasis.
Terapia combinada:
Al combinar los tratamientos tpicos (los que se aplican a la piel), la fototerapia y los tratamientos sistmicos, muchas veces se puede usar una dosis ms baja de cada uno. La terapia combinada tambin puede dar mejores resultados.
Los mdicos estn aprendiendo ms acerca de la psoriasis a travs del estudio de:
1 AMS Circle Bethesda, MD20892-3675 Telfono: 301-495-4484 Llame gratis: 877-22-NIAMS (877-226-4267) TTY: 301-565-2966 Fax: 301-718-6366 Correo electrnico: NIAMSinfo@mail.nih.gov Sitio web: http://www.niams.nih.gov
En esta publicacin puede encontrar informacin sobre los medicamentos que se usan para tratar la enfermedad aqu mencionada. Hemos brindado la informacin ms actualizada disponible al momento de su desarrollo. Es posible que desde entonces haya surgido ms informacin sobre estos medicamentos.
Para obtener la informacin ms actualizada o para hacer preguntas sobre cualquiera de los medicamentos que est tomando, llame gratis a la Administracin de Drogas y Alimentos (FDA, por sus siglas en ingls) de los Estados Unidos al
Llame gratis: 888-INFO-FDA (888-463-6332) Sitio web: http://www.fda.gov
Si desea informacin adicional sobre medicamentos especficos, visite Drugs@FDA en http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda. Drugs@FDA es un catlogo donde puede hacer una bsqueda para los medicamentos aprobados por la FDA.
Esta publicacin no tiene los derechos de autor reservados. Se invita a los lectores a duplicar y distribuir tantas copias como consideren necesario.
Copias adicionales de esta publicacin estn disponibles a travs del:
1 AMS Circle Bethesda, MD20892-3675 Telfono: 301-495-4484 Llame gratis: 877-22-NIAMS (877-226-4267) TTY: 301-565-2966 Fax: 301-718-6366 Correo electrnico: NIAMSinfo@mail.nih.gov Sitio web: http://www.niams.nih.gov
Continue reading here:
Qu es la psoriasis?
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