Scientists have successfully wiped out a population of malaria-transmitting mosquitoes by using a radical form of genetic engineering to render the females infertile in the most advanced and largest ever test of use of the technology to fight the disease.
As well as bringing fresh hope in the fight against one of the worlds biggest killers, the study lays the foundations for further trials of gene-drive technology, which could mean self-destroying mosquitoes being released into the wild within 10 years.
This is a very exciting development, said Dr Thomas Price, a senior lecturer in evolution, ecology and behaviour at the University of Liverpool, who was not involved in the research. There are still lots of ethical and regulatory questions that need answering. But none of those really matter if it is impossible to build gene drives that are effective in the field. This is a major step towards achieving that.
Despite the reduction in malaria over recent decades there were still 229m cases of the disease in 2019, and 409,000 deaths.
Dr Drew Hammond, at Imperial College London, who led the new research, said: Gene drive is a self sustaining and fast acting technology that can work alongside existing tools such as bed nets, insecticides and vaccines, and could be a game changer in bringing about malaria elimination.
The development aims to bypass natural selection by plugging in a set of genetic instructions that will rapidly spread through a population and pass on a particular trait in this case infertility far faster than could be achieved through conventional selective breeding.
The idea was first mooted in 2003 but hit a roadblock when scientists discovered that their gene drives disappeared after several generations because they introduced mutations that prevented them from spreading further. Rather than giving up, Hammond and his colleagues began searching for a better target to insert their gene drive into.
Some areas of DNA are highly conserved, meaning that any mutation is likely to seriously damage their owner. Picking one of these areas could enable gene drives to survive longer.
The scientists identified a crucial sex determination gene called doublesex, which is identical across individual Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes, a species responsible for most of the malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. Females mosquitoes carrying the gene drive in this gene are unable to produce offspring.
In 2018 Hammonds team used the doublesex gene drive to crash a population of about 600 A gambiae mosquitoes housed in a small cage. Within seven to 11 generations no more offspring were produced.
The same year field trials were launched in Burkina Faso by the Target Malaria research consortium, which includes the Imperial team. This involved releasing genetically modified, sterile, male mosquitoes into the wild, to test whether they could survive, and continue to be tracked an essential step towards eventual field trials of gene-drive organisms, which have not yet taken place.
The new research, published in Nature Communications, is another stepping stone towards that goal. Hammond and his colleagues tested whether the same gene drive they trialled in 2018 would spread and cause the same population collapse in closer to real-world conditions. Such testing has been flagged by the World Health Organization as a critical step before gene drive technologies can be tested in the wild.
The scientists released relatively small numbers of modified mosquitoes into much larger indoor cages housing hundreds of wild-type mosquitoes of different ages, at a research facility near Siena, central Italy. The cages were designed to entice the mosquitoes into complex mating, resting, foraging and egg-laying behaviours that would be impossible in small cages.
The researchers tracked how quickly the gene drive spread, and looked at its impact on female fertility and population decline.
This is something that has never been achieved before a single release of gene drive into a simulated field population, which brought about a crash of that entire population within a year, with no further human input. It is entirely self sustaining, said Hammond, who is also employed by the Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, in Baltimore.
However, Hammond stressed that more comprehensive gene drive testing and environmental risk assessments were needed before larger field trials could take place. These could involve the release of non-sterile genetically modified mosquitoes to investigate whether they would mate with wild mosquitoes, and to what extent.
Such field trials could start within the next few years. Assuming they were successful, Hammond said he could imagine that within 10 years we would have a limited release of gene-drive mosquitoes at our field testing site, probably in Burkina Faso.
More:
Genetic engineering test with mosquitoes may be game changer in eliminating malaria - The Guardian
- Main Show Only - Genetic Engineering - Coast to Coast AM - Video [Last Updated On: September 7th, 2012] [Originally Added On: September 7th, 2012]
- RTPB | Genetic Engineering [Last Updated On: September 7th, 2012] [Originally Added On: September 7th, 2012]
- Stop Monsanto From Poisoning Hawai'i: Genetic Engineering Chemical Warfare - Video [Last Updated On: September 7th, 2012] [Originally Added On: September 7th, 2012]
- Informatics 161 PSA: Human Genetic Engineering - Video [Last Updated On: September 7th, 2012] [Originally Added On: September 7th, 2012]
- Don't Trust Whole Foods or Other Health Food Stores For Non- GMO Foods | Genetic Engineering - Video [Last Updated On: September 7th, 2012] [Originally Added On: September 7th, 2012]
- Genetic Engineering - Video [Last Updated On: September 7th, 2012] [Originally Added On: September 7th, 2012]
- Easier Genetic Engineering! (Brainstorm Ep69) - Video [Last Updated On: September 7th, 2012] [Originally Added On: September 7th, 2012]
- TEDxUCIrvine - Francisco Ayala - Cloning, Genetic Engineering, [Last Updated On: September 7th, 2012] [Originally Added On: September 7th, 2012]
- Genetic Engineering in Agriculture - Video [Last Updated On: September 7th, 2012] [Originally Added On: September 7th, 2012]
- Infowars Special Report : Genetic Engineering - Video [Last Updated On: September 7th, 2012] [Originally Added On: September 7th, 2012]
- Glowing Rats and Extreme Genetic Engineering - Video [Last Updated On: September 7th, 2012] [Originally Added On: September 7th, 2012]
- Endangered Cat Born at Audubon - Video [Last Updated On: September 7th, 2012] [Originally Added On: September 7th, 2012]
- Danger of Genetic Engineering - Video [Last Updated On: September 7th, 2012] [Originally Added On: September 7th, 2012]
- AQA GCSE core science and B1 - Genetic Engineering - Video [Last Updated On: September 7th, 2012] [Originally Added On: September 7th, 2012]
- genetic engineering rDNA.wmv - Video [Last Updated On: September 7th, 2012] [Originally Added On: September 7th, 2012]
- Genetic Engineering for Human Enhancement.mp4 - Video [Last Updated On: September 7th, 2012] [Originally Added On: September 7th, 2012]
- Genetic Engineering - Seven Wonders of the Microbe World (6/7) - Video [Last Updated On: September 7th, 2012] [Originally Added On: September 7th, 2012]
- Promising new drug target for inflammatory lung diseases [Last Updated On: September 8th, 2012] [Originally Added On: September 8th, 2012]
- Mandatory GM Labeling Would Require Major Change [Last Updated On: September 10th, 2012] [Originally Added On: September 10th, 2012]
- GEN reports on ocular therapeutics targeting the retina [Last Updated On: September 11th, 2012] [Originally Added On: September 11th, 2012]
- Prop. 37: Another example of the perils of the initiative process [Last Updated On: September 15th, 2012] [Originally Added On: September 15th, 2012]
- Genetic test predicts risk for Autism [Last Updated On: September 19th, 2012] [Originally Added On: September 19th, 2012]
- Immediate withdrawal of unsafe GE corn vital - Greens [Last Updated On: September 20th, 2012] [Originally Added On: September 20th, 2012]
- Immediate withdrawal of unsafe GE corn vital [Last Updated On: September 20th, 2012] [Originally Added On: September 20th, 2012]
- NZ out of step on GE [Last Updated On: September 21st, 2012] [Originally Added On: September 21st, 2012]
- Ballot Watch: Labeling genetically engineered foods [Last Updated On: September 30th, 2012] [Originally Added On: September 30th, 2012]
- Just another GE mirage [Last Updated On: October 2nd, 2012] [Originally Added On: October 2nd, 2012]
- The GM Barnyard [Last Updated On: October 3rd, 2012] [Originally Added On: October 3rd, 2012]
- Free Engine [Last Updated On: October 3rd, 2012] [Originally Added On: October 3rd, 2012]
- Cellectis Publishes Results Paving the Way for New Therapeutic Approaches against Cancer and Genetic Diseases [Last Updated On: October 3rd, 2012] [Originally Added On: October 3rd, 2012]
- Does moral decision-making in video games mirror the real world? [Last Updated On: October 3rd, 2012] [Originally Added On: October 3rd, 2012]
- Animals engineered with pinpoint accuracy [Last Updated On: October 3rd, 2012] [Originally Added On: October 3rd, 2012]
- Valley farmers fear 'modified' wording in Prop. 37 [Last Updated On: October 4th, 2012] [Originally Added On: October 4th, 2012]
- No on Proposition 37 [Last Updated On: October 4th, 2012] [Originally Added On: October 4th, 2012]
- The Dangers of Genetic Engineering [Last Updated On: October 5th, 2012] [Originally Added On: October 5th, 2012]
- Are inhaled medications effective and safe in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation? [Last Updated On: October 5th, 2012] [Originally Added On: October 5th, 2012]
- Calif. initiative will test appetite for GMO food [Last Updated On: October 7th, 2012] [Originally Added On: October 7th, 2012]
- Calif. initiative will test appetite for GMO food - Sat, 06 Oct 2012 PST [Last Updated On: October 7th, 2012] [Originally Added On: October 7th, 2012]
- California to vote on 'genetically modified' labels [Last Updated On: October 7th, 2012] [Originally Added On: October 7th, 2012]
- California initiative will test appetite for genetically modified foods [Last Updated On: October 7th, 2012] [Originally Added On: October 7th, 2012]
- Do we have an appetite for genetically modified food? [Last Updated On: October 7th, 2012] [Originally Added On: October 7th, 2012]
- Genetic labelling mooted in California [Last Updated On: October 7th, 2012] [Originally Added On: October 7th, 2012]
- California initiative to test appetite for 'genetically engineered' food [Last Updated On: October 7th, 2012] [Originally Added On: October 7th, 2012]
- New tool for making genetic engineering of microbial circuits reliably predictable [Last Updated On: October 10th, 2012] [Originally Added On: October 10th, 2012]
- Researchers develop new tool for making genetic engineering of microbial circuits reliably predictable [Last Updated On: October 10th, 2012] [Originally Added On: October 10th, 2012]
- A Welcome Predictability [Last Updated On: October 10th, 2012] [Originally Added On: October 10th, 2012]
- Engineered flies spill secret of seizures [Last Updated On: October 12th, 2012] [Originally Added On: October 12th, 2012]
- Genetic 'remix' key to evolution of bee behavior, researchers find [Last Updated On: October 15th, 2012] [Originally Added On: October 15th, 2012]
- Can vaccines be delivered via the lungs instead of by injection? [Last Updated On: October 15th, 2012] [Originally Added On: October 15th, 2012]
- Food labeling regulations [Last Updated On: October 16th, 2012] [Originally Added On: October 16th, 2012]
- Research and Markets: Therapeutic Antibody Engineering: Current and Future Advances Driving the Strongest Growth Area ... [Last Updated On: November 2nd, 2012] [Originally Added On: November 2nd, 2012]
- Is there a difference between GE & GMO? [Last Updated On: November 2nd, 2012] [Originally Added On: November 2nd, 2012]
- Port Townsend Food Coop: A Sad Story of GMO Crop Cross Pollination - Video [Last Updated On: November 2nd, 2012] [Originally Added On: November 2nd, 2012]
- PUT IT IN YOUR MOUTH! Yes to Prop 37 — it's your right to know what's in your food! - Video [Last Updated On: November 2nd, 2012] [Originally Added On: November 2nd, 2012]
- editta braun company: planet LUVOS (clip, 4:30) - Video [Last Updated On: November 2nd, 2012] [Originally Added On: November 2nd, 2012]
- Mimic: The Director's Cut (Blu-ray Trailer) - Video [Last Updated On: November 2nd, 2012] [Originally Added On: November 2nd, 2012]
- South Park Season 1 Episode 7 - An Elephant Makes Love to a Pig - Video [Last Updated On: November 2nd, 2012] [Originally Added On: November 2nd, 2012]
- Yes on Prop 37: Animated Video - Video [Last Updated On: November 2nd, 2012] [Originally Added On: November 2nd, 2012]
- The Day of the Triffids Part 1 Full Movie - Video [Last Updated On: November 2nd, 2012] [Originally Added On: November 2nd, 2012]
- YES on prop 37 "flashmob" march - Santa Cruz, CA Sept. 2012 - Video [Last Updated On: November 2nd, 2012] [Originally Added On: November 2nd, 2012]
- World's Weirdest Places Discussed - Video [Last Updated On: November 2nd, 2012] [Originally Added On: November 2nd, 2012]
- THE CLUB OF ROME - DEPOPULATION AGENDA 21 - THE UNHIVED MIND - Video [Last Updated On: November 2nd, 2012] [Originally Added On: November 2nd, 2012]
- 27-Medical BiotechnologySG Part II.Gene Therapy, Tissue Engineering and Nanotechnology.mov - Video [Last Updated On: November 2nd, 2012] [Originally Added On: November 2nd, 2012]
- 26-Medical BiotechnologySG Part Ic. Animal and Human Cloning and Genetic Engineering.mov - Video [Last Updated On: November 2nd, 2012] [Originally Added On: November 2nd, 2012]
- How to Clone Animals - Video [Last Updated On: November 2nd, 2012] [Originally Added On: November 2nd, 2012]
- Fringe Opening sequence (Season 3 - The Day We Died) - Video [Last Updated On: November 4th, 2012] [Originally Added On: November 4th, 2012]
- Fringe Opening sequence (Season 3 - Olivia) - Video [Last Updated On: November 4th, 2012] [Originally Added On: November 4th, 2012]
- Fringe Opening sequence (Season 3 - Entrada) - Video [Last Updated On: November 4th, 2012] [Originally Added On: November 4th, 2012]
- Fringe Opening sequence (Season 4) - Video [Last Updated On: November 4th, 2012] [Originally Added On: November 4th, 2012]
- Fringe Opening sequence (Season 3) - Video [Last Updated On: November 4th, 2012] [Originally Added On: November 4th, 2012]
- Fringe Opening sequence (Season 2) - Video [Last Updated On: November 4th, 2012] [Originally Added On: November 4th, 2012]
- Fringe Opening sequence (1985) - Video [Last Updated On: November 4th, 2012] [Originally Added On: November 4th, 2012]
- Dendritic Cells: Biology And Clinical Applications - Video [Last Updated On: November 4th, 2012] [Originally Added On: November 4th, 2012]
- Port Townsend Food Coop: "I want my food untainted by GMOs" - Video [Last Updated On: November 4th, 2012] [Originally Added On: November 4th, 2012]
- Catholic Priest vs. Biologist - Video [Last Updated On: November 4th, 2012] [Originally Added On: November 4th, 2012]
- Watch Real Life Superhero Muscles Like Marvel's The Avengers - Video [Last Updated On: November 4th, 2012] [Originally Added On: November 4th, 2012]
- Fringe Opening sequence (Season 1) - Video [Last Updated On: November 4th, 2012] [Originally Added On: November 4th, 2012]
- Fringe Opening sequence (The Final Season: "Fight For The Future") - Video [Last Updated On: November 4th, 2012] [Originally Added On: November 4th, 2012]
- Port Townsend Food Coop: I Want To Know If GMOs Are In My Food - Video [Last Updated On: November 4th, 2012] [Originally Added On: November 4th, 2012]
- ProCognia jumps on expanded biosimilar collaboration [Last Updated On: November 7th, 2012] [Originally Added On: November 7th, 2012]