Cut and paste – and other innovations that shaped computer technology? – World Economic Forum

His career in the technology sector spanned 50 years and was witness to many innovations that are now part of our daily lives.

In 1961, Larry Tesler went to study at Stanford University, which itself has been pivotal to the growth of Silicon Valley. Its where Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard met before founding the company that bears their name; Larry Page and Sergey Brin, the founders of Google, studied there too, as did Elon Musk.

Tesler worked at some of the biggest names in Silicon Valley: Apple, Xerox, and Yahoo. He also worked briefly at Amazon.

The pioneering computer scientist believed passionately that computers needed to be easy to use, and is credited by some as having coined the phrase user-friendly.

In the 1970s, he developed the cut/copy and paste function that is now so widely used that its hard to imagine not being able to Ctrl-X/Ctrl-C and Ctrl-V.

Here are some of the biggest innovations in computing the world has seen since Tesler first started at Stanford...

One of the other big computing breakthroughs of the 1970s took place at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), where Tesler worked. It was the mouse. Although the initial concept for the mouse dates back to the work of Douglas Engelbart in the 1960s, the device was refined at Xerox, where the first ball-mouse was developed.

The mouse revolutionized the way people interact with computers, getting away from the purely text-driven approach and ushering in the era of the graphical user interface that we are all familiar with today.

Does your inbox get 188 million emails a minute?

Image: Unsplash/Webaroo

Email was invented in the mid-1960s, too, and has become one of the most ubiquitous features of modern life. Some would say a little too ubiquitous.

Every minute of every day, 188 million emails are sent and more than half of them are spam. In the early 1970s, when the @ symbol was first integrated into email addressing protocols, the only people with access to an email mailbox were users of The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET). That was the first wide-area network and connected dozens of universities across the United States.

The chances are youre reading this on something other than a desktop. Everyone takes for granted the ability to take their computer with them, whether its a laptop, a tablet or even their smartphone.

The very first vision for a mobile computer dates back to the 1970s, when Alan Kay, a researcher at Xerox PARC, had an idea for something he called the Dynabook. Apart from a cardboard mock-up, nothing came of it. But in 1981, the world was introduced to the Osborne 1 the first portable computer. It had a 13cm screen that could only display 52 characters on each line of text. If you wanted one, it would have set you back $1,795.

It was basic by any modern standards, but the Osborne 1 sounded the starting pistol for the race to produce better mobile computers. By the end of the 1980s, several brands were producing their own, including Kyocera, Epson and Apple.

Apple joined the race to create the first portable computer in the 1980s

Image: unsplash/ Matthew M

This was a period of innovation that saw the very first touchpad it appeared on the Gavilan SC, launched in 1983 and the first computer to be referred to as a laptop.

The 1990s was the boom-decade for laptops. The chip-maker Intel designed the first processor specifically for mobile devices and many big-name computer makers started to produce laptops based on mass-produced components, such as screens, processors and circuit boards.

And then, a little over 10 years ago, the world was introduced to the ultimate in mobile computing devices the smartphone as we know it now. There are currently more than 3 billion smartphones around the world, their user-friendliness being one of the key factors in their tremendous success.

4. A super-connected future

The next big wave in technology is already lapping at our ankles: fifth-generation (5G) mobile technology, which is predicted to generate around $3.6 trillion of economic output and create 22.3 million jobs by 2035.

It will play an important role in the growth of smart cities and the Fourth Industrial Revolution. It could even assist progress toward some of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. And over the next five years, investments in 5G networks are likely to reach $1 trillion.

The World Economic Forum was the first to draw the worlds attention to the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the current period of unprecedented change driven by rapid technological advances. Policies, norms and regulations have not been able to keep up with the pace of innovation, creating a growing need to fill this gap.

The Forum established the Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution Network in 2017 to ensure that new and emerging technologies will helpnot harmhumanity in the future. Headquartered in San Francisco, the network launched centres in China, India and Japan in 2018 and is rapidly establishing locally-run Affiliate Centres in many countries around the world.

The global network is working closely with partners from government, business, academia and civil society to co-design and pilot agile frameworks for governing new and emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), autonomous vehicles, blockchain, data policy, digital trade, drones, internet of things (IoT), precision medicine and environmental innovations.

Learn more about the groundbreaking work that the Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution Network is doing to prepare us for the future.

Want to help us shape the Fourth Industrial Revolution? Contact us to find out how you can become a member or partner.

The UNs Sustainable Development Goal 12 calls for responsible consumption and production, to reduce waste and preserve resources. 5G is already helping cut waste in smart factories. Its role in managing smart cities, where sensors collect data on the daily hustle and bustle of city life will help reduce congestion and emissions by keeping traffic moving, too.

It also has the potential to revolutionize the provision of multiple vital services such as education and healthcare by connecting people to one another, and to devices that can gather important information. Clinicians will be able to assess a persons vital signs heart rate, blood pressure, breathing and more in real-time, no matter how far from the patient they happen to be.

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Cut and paste - and other innovations that shaped computer technology? - World Economic Forum