Origem: Wikipdia, a enciclopdia livre.
Principado de Sealand uma micronao e entidade no reconhecida pela ONU, localizada no Mar do Norte a 10km da costa de Suffolk, no sudeste da Inglaterra (5153'40"N, 128'57"E).[1][2][3][4][5] O territrio resume-se a uma grande base naval construda pelo Reino Unido durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. O acesso ilha apenas possvel por helicptero ou barco. Outrora chamada de Rough Towers, a base foi uma defesa martima contra ataques alemes, consistindo em duas grandes torres com capacidade para 200 soldados. Foi desativada assim que a guerra acabou.
Desde 1967, a instalao tem sido ocupada pelo ento Major britnico Paddy Roy Bates; seus colegas e familiares afirmam que ela um Estado soberano independente. Comentadores externos geralmente classificam Sealand como uma micronao ao invs de um estado no reconhecido.[6] Embora tenha sido descrita como menor nao do mundo,[3][7] Sealand atualmente no reconhecida oficialmente como um estado soberano por nenhuma outra nao soberana. Apesar de Roy Bates afirmar que ela reconhecida de facto pela Alemanha, por ter recebido um diplomata alemo na micronao, e pelo Reino Unido, aps uma corte inglesa decidir que no possui jurisdio sobre Sealand,[1] nenhuma das aes constituem de jure o reconhecimento.
Historicamente, a fortificao pertence ao Reino Unido, mas est localizada fora dos seus domnios territoriais. O governo de Londres j tentou expulsar a famlia Bates de Sealand, mas no obteve xito devido a este fator. Tambm, a plataforma est fora dos domnios territoriais da Frana, o que faz de sua localizao uma terra de ningum[8] .
Em 1965, Roy Bates, dono de um pequeno barco frigorfico e tido como uma pessoa excntrica, mudou-se com sua famlia para a base militar Knock John Tower e a usava para transmitir a programao de sua rdio pirata[9] , que chamou de Radio Essex. Ele estava protegido legalmente pelo fato de a construo no estar dentro das guas territoriais britnicas. Mais tarde, o governo estendeu os limites do pas e a base Knock John acabou fazendo parte dos limites do territrio britnico. A famlia Bates recebeu ordem de se retirar, mas pouco tempo depois mudou-se para outra base mais distante da costa, denominada Rough Towers.
Um ano depois, a Marinha de guerra britnica tentou expuls-lo do local, mas sem xito. Um juiz deliberou que Sealand est alm do limite de trs milhas das guas territoriais do Reino Unido, escapando ao controle do governo londrino.
Nove anos mais tarde, Roy, que seria o prncipe de Sealand, introduziu no seu pas uma constituio, criou uma bandeira, um braso de armas e decidiu cunhar dlares de ouro e prata.[10] Por fim, comeou a conceder passaportes queles que demonstraram ter apoiado os interesses de Sealand.
Em 1978, aproveitando a ausncia do chefe de estado Roy Bates, um empresrio alemo autoproclamado primeiro-ministro de Sealand encenou uma invaso ao estado[9] , dominando-a rapidamente e mantendo as pessoas que ali estavam de refns, dentre elas o herdeiro Michael. No entanto, ao saber da situao, Roy conseguiu recuperar a ilha, resgatando os refns e expulsando os invasores. Este foi o acontecimento local mais prximo de uma guerra, sobre o qual no se tem muitas informaes - nem o prprio site governamental muito explcito a respeito. O empresrio alemo era Alexander Achenbach, que comprara de Roy Bates um passaporte de Sealand. A Alemanha enviou um diplomata a Londres, mas a Gr-Bretanha no tinha poder sobre Sealand e este foi enviado a Sealand para negociar a soltura de todos[9] .
Em junho de 2006 houve um terrvel incndio em Sealand. A ilha sofreu um devastador incndio que destruiu muito da administrao do pas, alm do centro de energia. Felizmente, os geradores/sistemas de emergncia existentes permitiram o andamento contnuo das atividades, inclusive o governo promoveu vendas de bons e semelhantes visando a arrecadar fundos para recuperar os estragos, e hoje a plataforma est recuperada.
O Hino Nacional de Sealand, intitulado "E Mare Libertas", foi composto pelo compositor londrino Basil Simonenko e adotado em 2001. uma pea somente instrumental, sem letra. Em 2005 foi gravado pela Slovak Radio Symphony Orchestra e includo no volume 7 de sua coleo de CDs de hinos nacionais do mundo.
Em setembro de 2011 Michael Bates esteve presente na Bienal do Mercosul, realizada em Porto Alegre, acompanhado de seu filho James. Convidado pelos curadores para falar sobre Sealand e a "Geopotica", tema da exposio, o Prncipe tambm aproveitou o passeio para vender ttulos da nobreza de sua nao[11] .
No comeo de janeiro de 2007, o prncipe Michael de Sealand decidiu pr a ilha artificial venda. Considerado o menor pas do mundo, Sealand emite os seus prprios passaportes e selos de correio, ttulos de nobreza, tem moeda prpria e, inclusive, uma seleo de futebol, entre outras caractersticas de um Estado independente. Porm os seus habitantes moram em barraces de ao e convivem o tempo todo com o barulho de vrios geradores[3] .
Pela plataforma, qual s possvel chegar de helicptero ou barco, os proprietrios pedem 1 milho de libras (R$ 3,42 milhes) e detalham as qualidades do local: vista infinita do mar, tranquilidade absoluta garantida, nada de impostos.
Atualmente Michael - filho de Roy - que est frente dos destinos desta ilha. Com 54 anos, substituiu o seu pai em 1999 devido a problemas de sade daquele, mas no mostra grande apego ao seu reino e agora tenciona vend-lo. "Temos sido os proprietrios durante 40 anos, e meu pai tem j 85. Faz falta a descoberta de um processo de rejuvenescimento", afirmou o herdeiro Michael a um jornal ingls. Sobre o preo que pede, ele assinalou: "Falou-se em valores astronmicos, porm veremos o que nos oferecem. O cu o limite". O "prncipe", que demonstra desinteresse na ilha, vive a maior parte do tempo em terra firme.
Em 2007 os administradores do site The Pirate Bay anunciaram o interesse em comprar Sealand para l hospedar os seus servidores, que formam "o maior tracker de BitTorrents do mundo" (segundo os prprios). Os fundadores do Partido Pirata esto interessados em ter um pouco de paz e sossego e hospedar seus servios longe de aes judiciais, como as tentativas feitas pela RIAA (indstria fonogrfica estadunidense) e outros. Para conseguir o dinheiro necessrio, fizeram campanhas de doaes. [12]
Sem reas cultivveis, indstria florescente ou abundncia de recursos naturais, a nao de ao e cimento tem um produto interno bruto (PIB) avaliado em US$ 600 mil, obtido "em sua maior parte por meio de comrcio na internet", segundo Bates. pelo site do "governo" de Sealand que se vendem camisetas, bandeiras e btons - alm dos ttulos de Lorde e Baro, negociados respectivamente a 29,99 e 44,99 libras esterlinas[13] .
See more here:
Sealand Wikipdia, a enciclopdia livre
- About Us - Principality of Sealand [Last Updated On: June 10th, 2016] [Originally Added On: June 10th, 2016]
- Sealand Wikipedia [Last Updated On: June 10th, 2016] [Originally Added On: June 10th, 2016]
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- Work on the new A548 Sealand Road 'average speed' camera system set to begin today - Deeside.com [Last Updated On: March 29th, 2017] [Originally Added On: March 29th, 2017]
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- Speed camera on Sealand Road "worth it if it saves a life" - LeaderLive [Last Updated On: April 3rd, 2017] [Originally Added On: April 3rd, 2017]
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- Unusual Activity Spotted in Sealand Natural Resources Inc (SLNR) - Morgan Research [Last Updated On: April 28th, 2017] [Originally Added On: April 28th, 2017]
- HISTORY: 15 old pictures from the Principality of Sealand - Gazette [Last Updated On: April 30th, 2017] [Originally Added On: April 30th, 2017]
- A Successful Business Transformation from Defence Stalwart to F-35 Global Assignee, DECA Sealand - Business News Wales [Last Updated On: May 2nd, 2017] [Originally Added On: May 2nd, 2017]
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