Entanglement entropies of nuclear systems gro – EurekAlert

Article Highlight | 22-Mar-2024

Quantum entanglement changes in atomic nuclei in ways that differ from other systems

DOE/US Department of Energy

image:

Left: partitions where the set of blue points occupy one region and the set of black points another region, similar to how many systems work. Right: the partitions that occur in nuclei, where the partitions of blue and black points occupy the same regions

Credit: Image courtesy of Thomas Papenbrock.

Entanglement is what Einstein called spooky action at a distance. It is a key part of what distinguishesquantum mechanicsfrom our everyday experience. In quantum mechanics, scientists use a measurement called entanglement entropy to quantify the amount of the entanglement between two subsystemsfor example, between a system being studied and its environment. Large entanglement entropies indicate that a system has strong correlations to its environment. In many systems, the entanglement entropies are proportional to the area that separates a system from its environment. This is also true for black holes, where the energy-related entropy growth is proportional to the area of the event horizon. But thenucleiof atoms are different. The complicated interactions innucleilead to entanglement entropies that grow like the volume of the system of interest, not like its surface area.

Computing the state of a quantum system is hard because doing so requires scientists to accurately capture the systems entanglement with its environment. New research quantifies entanglement entropies forneutronmatter. Using related measures, the research also quantifies this entropy for atomicnuclei. This work can contribute toquantum computingby helping researchers understand how the number of operations necessary to prepare a state on a quantum chip grows with increasing entanglement entropy.

The researchers studied entanglement entropies between the mean-field space and its environment in nuclear systems. As entanglement entropies are hard to compute, the researchers also derived relations to easier-to-compute measures. The research showed that entanglement entropies are related to other quantities that are easier to compute and that can serve as entanglement witnesses. General arguments also suggest that the entanglement entropy in nuclear systems fulfills a volume law instead of an area law. This work tested and confirmed these results by computing entanglement entropies of models for atomicnucleiand neutron matter.

This material is based on work supported by the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics and by the Quantum Science Center, a DOE National Quantum Information Science Research Center. Computer time was provided by the Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (INCITE) program. This research used resources from the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

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Entanglement entropies of nuclear systems gro - EurekAlert