Nihilism (frn latinets nihil; ingenting) r en filosofisk position som argumenterar fr att existensen r utan objektiv mening eller intrinsikalt vrde. Nihilister anser generellt att moral inte existerar, allts finns inga moraliska vrden med vilka man kan upprtthlla en regel eller logiskt fredra en handling framfr en annan. Nihilister som argumenterar fr att det inte finns ngon objektiv moral kan hvda att existensen inte har ngon intrinsikal hgre mening eller ml. De kan ocks hvda att det inte finns ngot rationellt bevis eller argument fr att en hgre makt eller skapare skulle existera, samt att om en hgre makt skulle existera s har mnskligheten nd ingen moralisk skyldighet att avguda den.
Termen nihilism anvnds ibland synonymt med anomi fr att beskriva en generell knsla av hopplshet och meningslshet i existensen.[1] Rrelser ssom futurism och dekonstruktion,[2] bland andra, har identifierats av kommentatorer som "nihilistiska" i olika tidsperioder med olika kontext. Ofta betyder detta att den som anklagar en annan vill f sina egna sikter att framst som mer substantiella eller sanningsenliga, medan motstndarpartens sikter framhvs som nihilistiska, drmed jmfrbara med "inget" (eller helt enkelt destruktivt amoralistiska).
Nihilism r ocks ett karaktrsdrag som har satts p olika tidsperioder, till exempel har Jean Baudrillard och andra kallat postmodernismen fr en nihilistisk epok,[3] och vissa kristna teologer och personer med religis auktoritet har hvdat att postmodernismen[4] och mnga aspekter av moderniteten[2] representerar frnsttandet av Gud, och drfr r nihilistiska.
Nihilism (ryska nigilizm) r ven en frldrad, godtyckligt vald beteckning fr de politiska ytterlighetsrrelserna i Ryssland, srskilt p 1860- och 1870-talen. I den ryska litteraturen anvndes ordet frsta gngen av kritikern Nikolaj Nadezjdin[5] i betydelsen skeptiskt frnekande, men fick sin egentliga ryktbarhet genom Bazarov, den mot all auktoritetstro och allt bestende hnsynslst opponerande studenten i Ivan Turgenjevs roman Fder och sner. P 1880-talet frsvann detta p konservativt litterrt hll brukade slagord ur den ryska litteraturen, men fanns lnge kvar i den europeiska pressen och folkuppfattningen som gemensam benmning p ryska revolutionra rrelser och den ryska anarkistiska emigrantlitteraturen i allmnhet.[6][7]
Uttrycket lr i sin moderna anvndning komma frn rysk litteratur och d i betydelsen "om Gud inte existerar s r allt tilltet" (ofta felaktigt tillskrivet Dostojevskijs roman "Brderna Karamazov", men egentligen hrstammar detta uttalande frn Jean-Paul Sartre). Den ryska bonderrelsens narodniker och attentatsmn kallades ocks fr nihilister, men d i en verfrd betydelse.
Den svenska frfattaren Anne Charlotte Leffler skrev 1879 tragedin Nihilisterna, men kom av oknd anledning aldrig att fullborda detta verk.[8]
Framstende filosofer som tagit upp mnet r bland andra Friedrich Nietzsche och Martin Heidegger. Nietzsche beskrev kristendomen som en nihilistisk religion eftersom den konstant undviker utmaningen att hitta en mening med jordelivet och som i stllet har skapat en andlig projektion (himmelriket) dr moral och lidande inte existerar. Han ansg att nihilism var resultatet av Guds dd. Heidegger beskrev nihilism som det tillstnd dr "det inte finns ngot existerande kvar".
Nihilismen finns som skolastisk term, som ftt sitt namn av att Petrus Lombardus framstllde satsen att Guds sons mnniskoblivande inte varit ett egentligt ingende i mnskligheten, utan bara ett antagande av mnsklig gestalt, och att han fljaktligen vid intrdet i mnskligheten intet blivit. sikten frkastades p flera synoder (1163 och 1179).
Read more here:
- Nihilism | Definition of Nihilism by Merriam-Webster [Last Updated On: January 20th, 2016] [Originally Added On: January 20th, 2016]
- Nihilism | Define Nihilism at Dictionary.com [Last Updated On: January 20th, 2016] [Originally Added On: January 20th, 2016]
- Nihilism | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy [Last Updated On: January 20th, 2016] [Originally Added On: January 20th, 2016]
- Nihilism - Philosophy - AllAboutPhilosophy.org [Last Updated On: February 8th, 2016] [Originally Added On: February 8th, 2016]
- Nihilism | Define Nihilism at Dictionary.com [Last Updated On: February 8th, 2016] [Originally Added On: February 8th, 2016]
- Nihilism | Definition of Nihilism by Merriam-Webster [Last Updated On: February 8th, 2016] [Originally Added On: February 8th, 2016]
- Nihilism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [Last Updated On: February 8th, 2016] [Originally Added On: February 8th, 2016]
- nihilism | philosophy | Britannica.com [Last Updated On: February 9th, 2016] [Originally Added On: February 9th, 2016]
- Urban Dictionary: Nihilism [Last Updated On: February 10th, 2016] [Originally Added On: February 10th, 2016]
- nihilism | philosophy | Britannica.com [Last Updated On: February 10th, 2016] [Originally Added On: February 10th, 2016]
- What is Nihilism? | CounterOrder.com [Last Updated On: February 10th, 2016] [Originally Added On: February 10th, 2016]
- Nihilist | Define Nihilist at Dictionary.com [Last Updated On: February 12th, 2016] [Originally Added On: February 12th, 2016]
- CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Nihilism - New Advent [Last Updated On: February 12th, 2016] [Originally Added On: February 12th, 2016]
- Nihilist | Define Nihilist at Dictionary.com [Last Updated On: February 12th, 2016] [Originally Added On: February 12th, 2016]
- What is Nihilism? | CounterOrder.com [Last Updated On: February 12th, 2016] [Originally Added On: February 12th, 2016]
- en.wikipedia.org [Last Updated On: March 12th, 2016] [Originally Added On: March 12th, 2016]
- Nihilism - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [Last Updated On: March 20th, 2016] [Originally Added On: March 20th, 2016]
- Nihilism - Conservapedia [Last Updated On: March 21st, 2016] [Originally Added On: March 21st, 2016]
- Nihilism - RationalWiki [Last Updated On: March 21st, 2016] [Originally Added On: March 21st, 2016]
- [ American Nihilist Underground Society (ANUS) :: Nihilism ... [Last Updated On: March 21st, 2016] [Originally Added On: March 21st, 2016]
- Existential nihilism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [Last Updated On: March 21st, 2016] [Originally Added On: March 21st, 2016]
- What is nihilism? - Bible Questions Answered [Last Updated On: March 21st, 2016] [Originally Added On: March 21st, 2016]
- Nietzsche, Nihilism, Nihilists, & Nihilistic Philosophy [Last Updated On: June 8th, 2016] [Originally Added On: June 8th, 2016]
- Nietzsche, Nihilism, Nihilists, & Nihilistic Philosophy [Last Updated On: June 12th, 2016] [Originally Added On: June 12th, 2016]
- Nihilism | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy [Last Updated On: June 21st, 2016] [Originally Added On: June 21st, 2016]
- Moral nihilism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [Last Updated On: July 1st, 2016] [Originally Added On: July 1st, 2016]
- Quotes About Nihilism (162 quotes) [Last Updated On: July 3rd, 2016] [Originally Added On: July 3rd, 2016]
- What is Nihilism? Nihilism, Nihilists, and Nihilistic Philosophy [Last Updated On: July 3rd, 2016] [Originally Added On: July 3rd, 2016]
- Nihilism Nihilism [Last Updated On: July 18th, 2016] [Originally Added On: July 18th, 2016]
- What Is Nihilism? History, Profile, Philosophy and Philosophers [Last Updated On: August 2nd, 2016] [Originally Added On: August 2nd, 2016]
- Religion and Nihilism - The African Perspective Magazine [Last Updated On: August 29th, 2016] [Originally Added On: August 29th, 2016]
- Urban Dictionary: nihilist [Last Updated On: September 6th, 2016] [Originally Added On: September 6th, 2016]
- Nihilism - By Branch / Doctrine - The Basics of Philosophy [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2016] [Originally Added On: September 16th, 2016]
- Paradox of nihilism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [Last Updated On: September 20th, 2016] [Originally Added On: September 20th, 2016]
- What is nihilism? - gotquestions.org [Last Updated On: October 6th, 2016] [Originally Added On: October 6th, 2016]
- Nihilism | Meaningness [Last Updated On: October 11th, 2016] [Originally Added On: October 11th, 2016]
- Nietzsches Analysis of Nihilism | The World Is On Fire [Last Updated On: November 29th, 2016] [Originally Added On: November 29th, 2016]
- Therapeutic nihilism - Wikipedia [Last Updated On: December 4th, 2016] [Originally Added On: December 4th, 2016]
- Historical Nihilism | CounterOrder.com [Last Updated On: December 4th, 2016] [Originally Added On: December 4th, 2016]
- Nihilist movement - Wikipedia [Last Updated On: December 22nd, 2016] [Originally Added On: December 22nd, 2016]
- Moral nihilism - Wikipedia [Last Updated On: January 26th, 2017] [Originally Added On: January 26th, 2017]
- The boredom of nihilism - The Tablet [Last Updated On: February 6th, 2017] [Originally Added On: February 6th, 2017]
- Donald Trump and the Uses of the Past - New Republic [Last Updated On: February 10th, 2017] [Originally Added On: February 10th, 2017]
- The Chinese Ford Raptor Website Is Profound And Crazy At The Same Time - Jalopnik [Last Updated On: February 10th, 2017] [Originally Added On: February 10th, 2017]
- Brendan Kelly on politics, nihilism, and the benefit of intimate shows - BeatRoute Magazine [Last Updated On: February 11th, 2017] [Originally Added On: February 11th, 2017]
- Nihilism Manticore Press [Last Updated On: February 13th, 2017] [Originally Added On: February 13th, 2017]
- Nihilist KMOX Reporter Discusses Existential Horror of February in St. Louis - Riverfront Times (blog) [Last Updated On: February 14th, 2017] [Originally Added On: February 14th, 2017]
- Why the White House's nihilism is so troubling - Los Angeles Times [Last Updated On: February 14th, 2017] [Originally Added On: February 14th, 2017]
- Teen Nihilism Erupts in LA Premiere of Fierce, Funny PUNK ROCK by Simon Stephens - Broadway World [Last Updated On: February 15th, 2017] [Originally Added On: February 15th, 2017]
- Faking It: The Rise of Political Nihilism - Study Breaks Magazine - Study Breaks [Last Updated On: February 15th, 2017] [Originally Added On: February 15th, 2017]
- Descartes, Nihilist - First Things (blog) [Last Updated On: February 17th, 2017] [Originally Added On: February 17th, 2017]
- Nihilism @ American Nihilist Underground Society (ANUS) [Last Updated On: February 17th, 2017] [Originally Added On: February 17th, 2017]
- Still Waking Up - First Things (blog) [Last Updated On: February 18th, 2017] [Originally Added On: February 18th, 2017]
- Pissed Jeans Why Love Now review: 'nihilism and cynicism' - Evening Standard [Last Updated On: February 24th, 2017] [Originally Added On: February 24th, 2017]
- Editorial | By any means necessary including dancehall - Jamaica Gleaner [Last Updated On: February 28th, 2017] [Originally Added On: February 28th, 2017]
- The fight between Nigel Farage and Douglas Carswell is the definition of political nihilism - The Independent [Last Updated On: February 28th, 2017] [Originally Added On: February 28th, 2017]
- Eye in the Sky: Where Nihilism and Hegemony Coincide - Antiwar.com (blog) [Last Updated On: February 28th, 2017] [Originally Added On: February 28th, 2017]
- NieR: Automata Starts With Nihilism and Futility at the Installation Screen - Geek [Last Updated On: March 7th, 2017] [Originally Added On: March 7th, 2017]
- I used to love the working-class nihilism of Sleaford Mods no longer - Spectator.co.uk [Last Updated On: March 9th, 2017] [Originally Added On: March 9th, 2017]
- Mereological nihilism - Wikipedia [Last Updated On: March 11th, 2017] [Originally Added On: March 11th, 2017]
- Help! We have Fallen and Can't Escape the Current Age of Anger! - City Watch [Last Updated On: March 17th, 2017] [Originally Added On: March 17th, 2017]
- Carol Muffett: Federal Budget Plan is a testament to the recklessness, nihilism, and gross incompetence of this ... - YubaNet [Last Updated On: March 19th, 2017] [Originally Added On: March 19th, 2017]
- Patterns that Lead to Suffering - Patheos (blog) [Last Updated On: March 23rd, 2017] [Originally Added On: March 23rd, 2017]
- On Health Care, The House Freedom Caucus Declares War Against Conservatism - Forbes [Last Updated On: March 27th, 2017] [Originally Added On: March 27th, 2017]
- Photo Flash: Teen Nihilism Erupts in L.A. Premiere of PUNK ROCK ... - Broadway World [Last Updated On: March 27th, 2017] [Originally Added On: March 27th, 2017]
- Nihilism - Encyclopedia Dramatica [Last Updated On: March 27th, 2017] [Originally Added On: March 27th, 2017]
- Three Steps Past Galen the Promise of a Young Century - InsideSources [Last Updated On: March 29th, 2017] [Originally Added On: March 29th, 2017]
- Norse Mythology by Neil Gaiman review nice dramatic narratives, but where's the nihilism? - The Guardian [Last Updated On: March 29th, 2017] [Originally Added On: March 29th, 2017]
- What Is Nihilism? History, Profile, Philosophy and ... [Last Updated On: March 29th, 2017] [Originally Added On: March 29th, 2017]
- Why Brexit Is Best for Britain: The Left-Wing Case - New York Times [Last Updated On: March 31st, 2017] [Originally Added On: March 31st, 2017]
- Existential Nihilism & Atheism... [Last Updated On: March 31st, 2017] [Originally Added On: March 31st, 2017]
- The President, The Freedom Caucus And The Democrats46:57 - WBUR [Last Updated On: April 3rd, 2017] [Originally Added On: April 3rd, 2017]
- Review: 'T2 Trainspotting' relies on nostalgia from 1996 classic, but ... - Omaha World-Herald [Last Updated On: April 7th, 2017] [Originally Added On: April 7th, 2017]
- We're all political nihilists now - Washington Post [Last Updated On: April 7th, 2017] [Originally Added On: April 7th, 2017]
- Occupy Wall Street: Nihilism And Communism - The Liberty Conservative [Last Updated On: April 7th, 2017] [Originally Added On: April 7th, 2017]
- Love, Western Nihilism and Revolutionary Optimism | Global ... - Center for Research on Globalization [Last Updated On: April 7th, 2017] [Originally Added On: April 7th, 2017]
- What Colony Gets Right About Living in an Apocalypse - Gizmodo [Last Updated On: April 10th, 2017] [Originally Added On: April 10th, 2017]
- Chinese Academy of Social Sciences' Four Big Critiques - China Digital Times [Last Updated On: April 10th, 2017] [Originally Added On: April 10th, 2017]
- Love, Western Nihilism and Revolutionary Optimism | Dissident Voice - Dissident Voice [Last Updated On: April 10th, 2017] [Originally Added On: April 10th, 2017]
- Chicken sniffing, ticket machines and nihilism: underrated skills for success - The Guardian [Last Updated On: April 12th, 2017] [Originally Added On: April 12th, 2017]