Category Archives: Wage Slavery

Contra Marx, Misesunderstood that human desires and needs are not determined merely by biology.

Karl Marx held that human interests are uniquely and entirely determined by the biological nature of the human body.He thought that people were exclusively interested in gaining as many tangible goods as they could. Therefore, a persons wants would not depend on hisideas but on hisphysiological condition. More is better.

The question Ludwig von Mises posed, on the other hand,is:More of what?

Economics is concerned with how this is decided. It is one thing to say that under socialism men enjoy their toil because they will find self-actualization in producing goods for each other. It is another thing entirely to demonstrate who, under socialism, will choosewhatis made for whom, how, where, with what, and by whom.

Thebasic economic problem, as it is sometimes called by economists, is that resources are scarce but human wants are unlimited. While primitive men faced with starvation (and animals) may well only be interested in the quantity of food the can secure, as soon as civilization reaches its early stages people are faced with the problem of choosing which one of their various competing desires they should satisfy. Given there are various ways of satisfying the same needs, they also have to answer the question ofhowthey should satisfy them.

Mises defines human action itself as the employment of scarce means for the attainment of preferred ends. To act is to choose between two or more things that we cannot have both of, preferring one and setting aside the other.

Under capitalismdifferent business owners attempt to make competing products in all different ways, and the consumer will ultimately decide which of them getrich and which go out of business. Each of us, as customers, apply our scarce means, setting aside some products to buy others, and in doing so we decide what is produced and by whom. How is the same going to be determined efficiently in a moneyless society where wage labor has been abolished, such as Marx envisaged?

Ultimately, some authority must decide. This is unsatisfactory to Mises. For him, a free man gets to decide himself how he spends his income, but in a society where an authority supplies those things they think the people needor ought to havemen are not free. Marxism does not differentiate between these two modes of want satisfactionand therefore does not apprehend the difference between freedom and slavery. The Marxian image of freedom looks more like this: If a man who wants to get the bible gets the Koran instead, he is no longer free.

To Mises, people can only determine for themselves their own interests, and the authority cannot give the people what they choose according to their own values, but only according to what the authoritythinks their valuesoughtto be. If the paltry individual disagrees, so much the worse for him. Mises writes: One does not serve the interests of a man who wants a new coat by giving him a pair of shoes or those of a man who wants to hear a Beethoven symphony by giving him admission to a boxing match. It is ideas that are responsible for the fact that the interests of people are disparate.

This remains an issue of contention to this day. Should the consumer decide what kind of healthcare they receive, or is it better if the government decides on their behalf and supplies it to them as a public service? While socialized healthcare is a popular idea, those who can afford private services usually avail themselves of the best they can buy. This reveals that most people accept that the private sector does a better job of providing healthcare than the state. Those who cannot afford private care in countries with socialized medicine have to accept whatever they are given. They cannot push administrators to improve the quality of services by threatening to take their business elsewhere. Similarly, politicians are sometimes the subject of scandals when the media unearths the fact they sent their children to a private school. It is roundly taken as an admission that they dont believe the services provided by government are good enough for their own children but are willing to impose them upon their constituents.

Mises says that even if we granted, for the sake of argument, that there was no uncertainty concerning what people wanted or how it should be produced, there would still remain the question of weighing peoples short-term interests against their long-term ones. Everyone has to evaluate for himself how much hevalues the health that comes from strict exercise and diet, for example, against the enjoyment of leisure and tasty snacks. This depends on onesown, individual ideas and subjective evaluations.

The same applies on a larger scale for production in society. Should we save more so that more can be invested in machines and technology that will make society wealthier in the long term, or should we enjoy increased material standards of living in the here and now? There is no correct, objective answer to such a question. A subjective evaluation has to be made by someone or some people. Under capitalism individuals make their own decisions as to how much to consume and how much to save, and the aggregatation of those individual decisions forms the final answer. Under socialismwho knows? Usually it is left to a government department to guess and impose their will upon the people. Invariably this leads to mass overproduction of certain commodities and underproduction of others. Sadly too often it has led to famine: in the Soviet Union from 192122 and 194647, as well as in the Ukraine (193234), China (195862), Cambodia (1979), Ethiopia (198385), and in North Korea (199599). To Mises these famines were not chance occurrences that could have happened under any system. They were a direct result of the fact that under socialismcentral planners have no reliable means of calculating what to produce or how to produce it, and were completely predictable by economic theory.

Marx does not attempt to solve this problem. Perhaps he never even considered that it might actually be a problem. He simply claimed that socialism, as the next stage in history, would be an earthly paradise in which questions such as these would settle themselves and everyone would get all they needed. The Land of Cockaigne, as Mises likes to refer to it.

Of course, if this were true, then no one could deny that socialism was in everyones interests. Who could oppose it? The problem begins when any discussion ofhowthey will get what they need is dismissed as unscientific. This may well be why all attempts at communism have so far not only failed but resulted in death and misery for countless victims. The primary reason these regimes fail is not merely because their leaders were evil, although they may have been, or because America intervened to undermine the regimeas it certainly did, for example, in Nicaragua, Venezuela, Cambodia, East Timor, and many other places. The fundamental reason was because of a failure to organize production.

In a hypothetical paradise people would no longer need any ideas. They wouldnt have to make judgments and evaluate which course of action is likely to secure their needs. All wouldbe given. However, in reality, ideas determine what people consider to be their interests. A persons interests cannot be independent of their ideas. It is ideas that determine what people consider their interests to be. You can say it is in my interests to eat well, but thats only if I want to live and be healthy. If I choose to die, or am already dying and want to eat chocolate cake until I finally pop off, then who can dispute my evaluation of my interests? Free men do not act in accordance with their interests, because what their interests are are an arbitrary questions of judgment. We act invariably upon what webelieveour interests to be.

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Why Marx By no means Figured Out How you can Distribute Items in a Socialist Society - The Shepherd of the Hills Gazette

The names Capitalism. Racial Capitalism.

Like a totalized 21st century social system, like a smoother corporate bureaucratic James Bond. Racial capitalism: naming systemic inequalities exposed by post-George Floyd BLM resistance, and revealed by the Covid pandemics disparate racial impacts. Racial capitalism now is settler-colonialist neoliberalism, with the genocide accelerated more up front and center in your face, toxic combo-Rush Limbaugh and Jabba the Hutt.

Racial capitalism is bankrupting Detroit. Racial capitalism is the slavery and land grabbing foundations of US political economy. Racial capitalism is bipartisan. Racial capitalism is slave patrol-modeled authorities licensed to kill in Flint, Kenosha, Ferguson, Louisville, all oppressed communities north as well as the old south, via police and viral and human rights violations, dispossessions, structural and deadly violence. Racial capitalism is constitutive of America.

Liberal and conservative opinion ignores, denies existence of, and takes racial capitalism for granted. It is apologized and whitesplained as supposedly unintended effects of the whole network of norms, investments, initiatives, policies, social movements co-opted or crushed, the market, demographic trends, identity politics, a data-driven system that somehow just coincidentally grows out of slavery and genocidal land theft, most recently advocating (In Detroit; in America.) counting only the votes of predominately white communities in the 2020 presidential election. Racial capitalism is the basic structure of the system driving the data, driving the disenfranchisement and the property rights of whiteness asserted as if they were normal! And yet respectable people dont seem to think it even exists. Astonishing, if you stop and think about it.

Racial 007 Capitals Weapons

Racial capitalism meet climate disaster. Meet your North American end in the emerging new People of Color US majority debuted on November 3, 2020. But you already know us, from COINTELPRO, Wounded Knee, state immigration terror in Rio Grande valley kiddie cages, Muslim bans, drone strikes, Standing Rock, facial recognition technology, the W Bush post-9/11 magic lantern, worked up to the Prism virtual panopticon project in Obama time that Edward Snowden showed us. The very virtual bloodstream of your close cousin surveillance capitalism. Just like you know the invisibility of your own power is its great strength, you know everything and all of us, so you know about resistance and that there are lots of things to fear, and youre a very fearful racial capitalism, as well as fearsome. Now theyre coming to know you, and the ground is shifting under our feet all the time!

Racial capitalism has many weapons. Brain-devouring information systems linked to educational indoctrination with mass racial incarceration-level deep incentive structures. Money. Legal and political power. Military power. Really dumb intelligence agencies with really scary police state technological and propagandistic powers. Racial capitalism has tentacles and guns and poisons that kill and overcome opposition. Its most powerful weapon is the minds of the oppressed. (Stephen Biko) Ultimately a weaponized corporate state capable of acting in the interests of racial capitalism at all times and under all circumstances. But now racial capitalism has our backs to the wall and we have to fight! Leader-full Movements for Black Lives and associated networked human rights formations are showing the way.

Shaken, not stirred unlicensed to kill

President Obamas rhetoric and intelligence were stirring. The Obama administrations failure to shake, er I mean repair and restore, the foundations of racial capitalism in response to the state crimes of Iraq, corporate crimes of the 2008 crash, climate and other environmental crimes of the Cheney fossil foolish first decade of the century, was another blood stained moment on our road. Grace Lee Boggs precisely located Obamas source of weakness: he didnt believe another world is possible. Do we? We see its inevitable and are already freaking out trying to figure what to do about it! While simultaneously trying to survive the inevitable reactionary backlash against the fruits of our better efforts.

What were doing: shaking our foundations down from the heights of racial capitalisms panopticonic arrogance; exposing colorblindness as a veil for white supremacy; re-occupying, transforming and sustaining the commons necessary for surviving racial capitalisms cataclysms; abolishing carceral, dominationist, imperial, racist and patriarchal structures and standards; growing agroecological survival transformations; envisioning ecosocialism with environmental justice; democratizing political economy under decentralized and accountable leadership. Demanding utopia out of dystopian reality.

An agenda for grown up human beings, organizing and building our current world-shaking networked movement of movements, into the real movement which abolishes the present state of things. The resulting vodka martini an artisanal libation mixing grassroots power, democratic vision, and mutual aid for survival leading to accountable self government. Future. Human future. License to wage love.

Notes.

1) https://www.counterpunch.org/2020/11/13/in-detroit-in-america/

2) https://www.counterpunch.org/2020/11/11/afterword-to-karl-marx-critique-of-the-gotha-program/

Excerpt from:

Licensed to Kill - CounterPunch

For decadesif not longerpeople in the United States have found themselves on one side or another of a widening equity chasm. The vast majority of people are on the side of that chasm that is also crumbling beneath our feet, yet somehow the chasm remains invisible in the list of the nations priorities. But sometimes there are events that lay our vulnerability so bare, so crystal clear that they serve as clarion calls for change. COVID-19 is that event.Hurricane Laura, forecast to make landfall somewhere along the Texas/Louisiana coast this week as a Category 3 or higher hurricane, could be the next.

With COVID-19 having exacerbated existing poverty, food insecurity, and unemployment, and with the current administrations abdication of responsibility for the well-being of people in this country, it is clear that people are going to need help in the wake of the storm. The maps I present here make the case that our long run of disinvestment in vulnerable communities must end here, and that much more needs to be done to help individuals and communities prepare for and recover from disasters. First, lets take a look at the trajectory that led us here.

This brutal year of COVID, economic calamity, and climate extremes has strained the US population in unprecedented ways. But while many are relatively buffered from this harm by virtue of stable financial and health care resources, millions and millions have long been under tremendous strain and are being pushed this year to the breaking point.

Pockets of poverty and disenfranchisement across the country, linked to systemic and institutional racism, can be traced from the past into the present through slavery, genocide, the reliance on free labor from slaves or cheap labor from low-wage migrant workers, environmental injustice, Jim Crow and other forms of racial, residential, and economic segregation, to be brief.

These result not only in a lack of financial resources but also health disparities among the majority of persons of color who are trapped in intergenerational povertylike some perverse, never-ending Groundhog Day. These are factors that contribute to a persons, familys or communitys vulnerability or predisposition to be harmed when bad things happen. We entered this year with 38.1 million people in the US living in poverty, 11% of households coping with food insecurity, 27.9 million lacking health insurance, and more than half a million people experiencing homelessness.

To be clear, it isnt race, ethnicity, or socio-economic class that influence historical and contemporary lopsided outcomes in these dimensions of human wellbeing; its historical and contemporaryracism and racist practices directed against people of color that create and recreate disadvantages in strata of the population that render them powerless and marginalized.

Before the pandemic, people were already hurting: the majority in the United States were (and are) already unable to access at least $1,000 to deal with an emergency, are already struggling to maintain their health and access good health care, and millions of people of color are doing this while facing systemic racism and the disadvantages it produces and reproduces.

In the US, COVID-19 has so far claimed nearly 180,000 lives and continues to spread across large parts of the country. Given the intertwined health and economic crises, unemployment has surged as have hunger and food insecurity and the number of people relying on food banks to feed themselves and their families. People living with low income and Black, Latinx, and Indigenous segments of the population are experiencing a disproportionate impact of coronavirus infections and deaths, as well as higher rates of unemployment due to the pandemic compared with Whites.

Surveys by the Brookings Institute show that food insecurity increased markedly this spring as the financial shutdowns associated with COVID-19 affected household finances.

So far this year, 13 named storms have formed and four have strengthened to hurricanes. While our coasts have so far been spared a severe strike, there are three months remaining in the hurricane season.

When a hurricane threatens a region, voluntary or mandatory evacuation orders are often put in place and people must decide for themselves whether to evacuate or shelter in place. Both approaches require resources either to travel and pay for accommodation and food, or to stockpile the necessary food and equipment and assume responsibility for your own safety. Both are harder for families and individuals who are more vulnerable to begin with especially when vulnerable communities are largely left to fend for themselves.

There are many factors that affect a familys decision to flee an area that is about to be hit by a hurricane, including past experiences, perceptions of risk, socio-demographics, and barriers to evacuation.

My family, for example, lived through two or three hurricanes or tropical storms growing up in Puerto Ricobut were never forced to evacuate because our home was in a well-drained area that didnt flood. We also had the resources to act on experiences from past hurricanes to be well-stocked (with candles, battery-powered radios, ice, food, fuel, board games, and gas stoves) to shelter in place during the storm and to deal with the power outages that occurred when the first hurricane winds downed power transmission lines in our neighborhood.

Others in coastal and low-lying areas in the island were not so lucky and had to evacuate or shelter in place sometimes without as many resources, sometimes with terrible consequences, including loss of property, injury and even loss of life. Such was the case in 1985 in my island. I was barely 10 years old then, but I distinctly remember the dread and pain after a slab of limestone detached from a hill, killing an estimated 100-300 people following intense rainfall from a tropical wave in the Mameyes ward, a rural, poorly-built neighborhood in the south of the island.

What does a person need to evacuate to safety? Well, first a place to go typically a relatives home, a shelter, or a hotel. You also need a way to get there, like a car or if still running public transportation. You need money for gas, food, lodging, and the necessities you couldnt fit or did not have on hand. And in places where emergency management agencies dont distribute information in other languages, you need to be able to read and understand English to stay informed of weather alerts, road closures, and other vital information that can be used to make the decisions that keep you and your family safe.

And this year, it is vital to keep safe from COVID-19 infection during evacuation by having the necessary supplies face masks, hand sanitizer and the ability to social distance.

As it turns out, many US coastal counties at risk of flooding from a Category 5 storm have large populations that lack many of these key resources. The maps below, based on federal agencies data, show that on average in many hurricane-prone coastal counties, 6 through 9 percent of households do not have a motor vehicle. Lack of English language proficiency is prevalent in parts of Louisiana, Texas, and south Florida. Many communities with the highest rates of deprivation of evacuation resources are also Latino (e.g. in south Florida and Texas) and African American (e.g., Louisiana and Mississippi), and are also experiencing high unemployment rates during the pandemic.

This year, COVID-19 and the ensuing economic crisis are compounding the challenges for those in the path of hurricanes. The timing of Hurricane Laura could not be worse, as it is also the end of the month and that means many people who live paycheck to paycheck are low on funds.Poverty is widespread, as many coastal counties have, on average, at least 15.6 percent of population that lives below the federal poverty threshold. Compounding poverty, the unemployment rate for May and June of 2020 in the highest two categories mapped reaches on average, 9.1 and 12.4 percent. This compares withf a national mean of 10.2 percent as of July 2020.

With Hurricane Laura threatening a wide swathe of the Gulf coast, people are having to make decisions right now about whether and how to evacuate. Those evacuation plans could be the difference between life and death for some. And the data show that for many people those choices will be heavily curtailed and influenced by long-standing racial and socioeconomic inequities.

Federal, state and local emergency management authorities are also mobilizing to help communities. Those efforts must be targeted to those most in need, those most likely to be left behind, those who have the fewest resources to escape on their own.

This morningmembers of our teamheard fromHilton Kelley, afriend and partnerin Port Arthur, Texas. A leaderin his community, Kelley knew many fellow residents were planning to stay behind, and hadchosento stay behind too, tobe on hand to helpduring the storm and in the aftermath.But with the rapid intensification of Hurricane Laura to a Category 4hurricaneand thenewrisk of catastrophicharmto Port Arthur,many of those who intended to ride out the storm are now forced to flee.

And here, in the wealthiest country in the world, it comes down to thisonce again. In the absence of sufficient federal and stateguidance, materials,anddirectsupport, individualsare forced to tryforcedto makethe right choices as a dangerous situation turnsdeadly. It sounds terribly familiar. As we grapple with COVID andapproach the 15thanniversary of Hurricane Katrina,may weas a nationnot repeat the devastating mistakes of the past.

To those on the ground and in the path of the storm,wereholdingyou in ourthoughts today.

Lauren Bauer. 2020. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2020/05/06/the-covid-19-crisis-has-already-left-too-many-children-hungry-in-america/.

Posted in: Global Warming, Science and Democracy Tags: 2020 hurricane season, environmental justice communities, Hurricane Laura, racial justice, racism

Support from UCS members make work like this possible. Will you join us? Help UCS advance independent science for a healthy environment and a safer world.

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Hurricane Laura and the Inequities of Evacuating to Safety - Union of Concerned Scientists

20 August 2020 ANURADHA NAGARAJ

Chennai, IndiaThomson Reuters Foundation

Bhimavva Chalwadi, the supervisor of a laundry in Goa, is back behind the counter but it is not business as usual.

A trafficking survivor, 35-year-old Chalwadi has been looking for new clients since businesses started reopening as India gradually exited from a 11-week COVID-19 total lockdown, with many restrictions still in place across the country.

Hotels were among the biggest clients of Swift Wash laundry, but with India's tourist haven still waiting for business to pick up, there is very little work for Chalwadi and her co-workers who are also all survivors of human trafficking.

"The laundry had never closed before, not even on a Sunday," said Chalwadi, who was "dedicated" to a temple as part of a banned custom that saw girls led into a life of prostitution and slavery in the name of serving Hindu gods.

"Now we do laundry for a COVID care centre one day and are closed for the next three as there are no other orders. Our earnings have dropped and we spend every waking hour trying to think of how to get new clients."

Daily wage labourers and homeless people wait to receive free food during an extended nationwide lockdown to slow the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in New Delhi, India, on 28th April. PICTURE: Reuters/Danish Siddiqui/File photo.

The 14-year-old laundry was set up as social enterprise, one of many businesses with a mission to help society in India by providing economic opportunities for survivors of trafficking.

About 2,400 cases of human trafficking were reported in India in 2018, with nearly half of the victims aged under 18, according to the latest available government crime data.

But like many businesses the laundry has been hit by the multiple lockdowns as India's coronavirus cases crossed two million this month.

India's lockdown has left millions jobless and crippled businesses, including start-ups and social enterprises that have pioneered solutions aimed at improving services from health, education and housing, to providing sustainable livelihoods.

Providing work and financial security is seen as a crucial link in the rehabilitation of trafficking survivors.

"Like everyone else, we are also struggling but we cannot afford to fail," said Ram Mohan, secretary of charity HELP that supports the Vimukthi Survivors Collective in southern Andhra Pradesh state.

"Their business of selling vadams [homemade snacks] to local hotels and messes along the busy highways has been severely hit. Their production has stopped but we are encouraging them to explore newer markets, including neighbourhood stores."

Thousands of miles from Chalwadi in the northeastern state of Meghalaya, Ella Sangma has spent her lockdown days weaving traditional textiles at her home.

A weaver with the Impulse Social Enterprises, a company that sells clothes, bags, shoes and home furnishings, Sangma has kept her job and income during the pandemic.

Trafficked as a child, Sangma is a poster girl for the business which has helped her become financially independent.

Traditionally, rescued survivors have been put up in government and charity-run hostels and given vocational training in skills like embroidery and basket weaving but most have been unable to convert this into a sustainable livelihood.

But over the years, a few social enterprises have bucked the trend and provided survivors with a steady job and income, according to anti-trafficking campaigners.

"But the pandemic has changed the way we do business," said Hasina Kharbhih, founder of anti-trafficking charity Impulse NGO Network and the Impulse Social Enterprises.

"For the first time we are doing crowdfunding to encourage people to 'support a mask' that can be distributed free to people who need them and support our employees. Innovation is the need of the hour.

A health worker in personal protective equipment (PPE) collects a sample using a swab from a person at a school which was turned into a centre to conduct tests for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), amidst the spread of the disease, in New Delhi,India, on 6th August. PICTURE: Reuters/Adnan Abidi

In eastern city of Kolkata, Destiny Reflection took feedback from customers to diversify their product line, that included tote bags and bookmarks among the most popular products

"We are being told that there is increased demand for yoga mats since many people are choosing to exercise at home due to the pandemic and we are exploring that option," said Smarita Sengupta, founder of Destiny Reflection.

"But it is still a scary situation for us. We are trying various things, including webinars to reach out to our network and customers to ensure we have orders to support the women who work here."

In the United States, David Grant, executive director of Sari Bari USA, a distributor of Kolkata-based Sari Bari Private Ltd, has found a demand for masks with schools reopening.

"We had a few samples tested and then got back to the company in India," Grant told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.

"We foresee a lengthy recovery time for the business. We have faced challenges like everyone else, including shipments being delayed and less spending by customers."

In India's commercial capital Mumbai, Kshamata Unlimited was scaling up their business when the pandemic hit.

"We were on course to launch our e-commerce operations when we had to stop abruptly due to the lockdown," said Bharathy Tahiliani, one of the directors of the company.

"The entire model is under pressure, particularly since it is difficult to create a sensibility of ethical buying in the domestic market overnight. Also, people are happy to make donations but not many come forward to invest."

Entrepreneurs said the "culture of daan (charity)" in India continues unchanged, with people "feeling sorry" for survivors and donating but not spending on quality products produced by them or supporting their businesses.

"COVID donations for food and hygiene products have increased, but ethical product sales have been affected - and this pays our workers' salaries," said Sengupta.

Salaries have been a concern for Chalwadi too, who after her rescue two decades ago is now president of the Goa Survivors Association.

While Swift Wash paid all its employees through the lockdown, the prospect of salary cuts across businesses are looking more likely.

"The struggle for survival has become tougher for both the employees and the business. We don't need donations but work orders to survive," Chalwadi said.

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"We cannot afford to fail": Businesses working with slavery survivors in India seek ways to offset COVID - Sight Magazine

(MENAFN - NewsIn.Asia) By P.K.Balachandran/Ceylon Today

Colombo, August 24:There is no denying that the United States has come a long way from the era of slavery and rank racism since the Civil War was fought on the issue of Black slavery and slavery was legally abolished in 1863.

In the past few years, the US has seen an African American, Barack Obama, being elected as the country's President twice. Two Blacks, Colin Powell and Condoleezza Rice, have been Secretary of State. Colin Powell had also risen to the highest office in the US armed forces becoming Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Commander of the U.S. Army Forces Command (FORSCOM). Today, Kamala Harris, who is half Black and half South Asian, is the running mate of the Democratic Presidential candidate, Joe Biden.

But lower down the social, political and economic order, racial discrimination, especially against Blacks, still exists and appears entrenched. In her book The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, Black law scholar Michelle Alexander of Ohio University writes that many of the gains of the civil rights movement have been undermined by the mass incarceration of Black Americans in the war on drugs. Although 'Jim Crow' laws are now off the statute books, millions of Blacks area trapped by institutionalized racism and a criminal justice system that has branded them as felons and denied them basic rights and opportunities that would allow them to become productive, law-abiding citizens.

"Young Black males are shuttled into prisons, branded as criminals and felons, and then when they're released, they're relegated to a permanent second-class status, stripped of the very rights supposedly won in the civil rights movement like the right to vote, the right to serve on juries, the right to be free of legal discrimination and employment, and access to education and public benefits. Many of the old forms of discrimination that we supposedly left behind during the Jim Crow era are suddenly legal again, once you've been branded a felon."

Jim Crow Laws

Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in Southern United States. These laws were enacted in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by White Southern Democrat-dominated State legislatures to disenfranchise and remove political and economic gains made by Blacks during the Reconstruction period. The Jim Crow laws were enforced until 1965.

In a paper published by the Center for American Progress last year, Danyelle Solomon, Connor Maxwell, and Abril Castro point out how government-sanctioned occupational segregation, exploitation, and neglect have exacerbated racial inequality in the US. They argue that 'eliminating current disparities among Americans will require intentional public policy efforts to dismantle systematic inequality, combat discrimination in the workplace, and expand access to opportunity for all Americans.'

Forced To Stay Put in South

After the abolition of slavery in 1863, federal officials encouraged freed Blacks slaves to stay on in the racist South and enter into contracts with their previous owners and do the same work which they did as slaves. Then came the Jim Crow laws, which codified the role of Blacks in the Southern economy and society. 'Black Codes' fined Blacks if they worked in any occupation other than farming or domestic servitude. If they broke these laws or abandoned their jobs after signing a labor contract, they could be arrested. Lawmakers also sought to prevent Blacks from migrating in search of safety and economic opportunity, by making punishable. recruitment of Blacks from the South.

However in mid-20th century, rampant lynching, and Ku Klux Klan White terror, led thousands of Blacks to flee to the North. But even in the North, Black workers are till date overrepresented in low-wage service jobs. Blacks or other people of color are 36% of the US workforce, but they constitute 58% of miscellaneous agricultural workers; 70% of maids and housekeeping cleaners; and 74% of baggage porters.

During the Great Depression in the early 1930s, there was a New Deal to help poor Americans. But lawmakers reserved most of these benefits for White workers. The New Deal excluded Black workers by excluding many domestic, agricultural, and service jobs. 'This policy decision trapped families in poverty and tacitly endorsed the continued exploitation of workers of Color,' the authors say.

Making Tips Main Source of Income

Tipping for services has allowed American restaurants and railway companies to maximize profits by refusing to pay Black employees. Over time, many of the service vocations such as serving food, cutting hair, carrying baggage, and driving vehicles became subject to tipping. 'Today, restaurant servers, bellhops, food delivery drivers, valets and parking attendants, and nail salon workers are among the many occupations paid primarily through tips,' Solomons and his co-authors point out.

The National Labor Relations Act of 1935, also known as the Wagner Act, excluded domestic and agricultural workers from its purview. Many jobs in which the workers are mostly colored, remain excluded from Wagner Act protections It permitted labor unions to discriminate against workers of Color in other industries, such as manufacturing.

Today, the median US wage is US$ 18.58 per hour. However, in service occupations with high percentages of Black workersincluding baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges; barbers; and taxi driversthe median wage is just $12.91, $13.44, and $12.49, respectively.

Under-funding Of Regulatory Agencies

The underfunding and limited scope of the anti-discrimination agencies perpetuate inequality, the authors point out. In the 1960s, Black activists secured landmark civil rights legislation which created new federal agencies charged with holding people and institutions accountable for engaging in discrimination. Federal laws were followed by state-level statutes designed to protect people of color from discrimination in the workplace.

However, lawmakers never fully funded these agencies. They also provided exemptions, allowing many employers to continue to discriminate with impunity. The US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), set up in 1965, is charged with enforcing federal laws which make it illegal to discriminate against job applicants and employees based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, or genetic information. Every year, the EEOC receives hundreds of thousands of calls and inquiries, but it lacks the funding and staff necessary to fully ensure that bad employers are held accountable.

'None of the 10 states with the highest percentage of Black residents provide these agencies with annual funding of more than 70 cents per resident per year. By comparison, in 2015, each of these 10 states had state and local policing expenditures of more than US$ 230 per resident per yearat least 328 times more than what each state spends on enforcing anti-discrimination laws!,' the report points out.

Lawmakers have also limited the scope of anti-discrimination enforcement by establishing a minimum employee threshold for covered companies. For instance, only companies with 15 or more employees are covered by the EEOC's racial discrimination laws. More than two-thirds of states, including those with the highest percentages of Black residents, have minimum employee thresholds for employment discrimination laws to take effect. These thresholds jeopardize the economic well-being of people of color who work for smaller employers, such as domestic workers, service workers, and some agricultural workers.

The report says that over the past 40 years, Black workers have consistently endured an unemployment rate approximately twice that of their White counterparts. Black households have also experienced 25% to 45% lower median incomes than their White counterparts. And these disparities persist regardless of educational attainment and household structure.

According to the latest available official figures, the median income for African-American households in 2018 was US$ 41,361, compared with US $70,642 for White, non-Hispanic households. The poverty rate for Blacks was almost 21% compared to about 8% non-Hispanic Whites.

According to Huffpos.com African Americans, who are 13.3% of the US population, are 27% of the poor and 42% welfare recipients. White America controls 90% of the wealth in the country. Black America controls a mere 2.6%.

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Discrimination against Blacks is deeply entrenched in the US - MENAFN.COM

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Understanding the nuances of diversity issues in the workplace is no longer a topic that leaders can ignore or just give lip service to. With movements like #MeToo and #BlackLivesMatter, weve gone past the point in history where issues of marginalized groups can be swept under the rug.

Each of us, regardless of our background, can benefit from expanding our awareness and understanding of individuals who are not like us. The more we explore different perspectives, experiences and struggles, the better our ability will be to minimize biases and work to eliminate macro and micro-aggressions in the workplace, while gaining the immeasurable benefit of diverse talent.

However, with so many complex issues under the umbrella of this topic, where do you start? Many companies are carefully crafting programs and services to help their staff with this. But in the meantime, taking advantage of this time to binge and explore movies with a purpose can help you get a running start at expanding your perspective. Below is a breakdown of some of the current and critical diversity topics and the films that can help you gain a deeper understanding of people who are dealing with the challenges they pose on the job.

Racism It may be hard to face the fact that Black peoples history with work in this country stems from the ugliest truth about America; we built a great deal of our businesses and capital on the backs of enslaved humans. Watching a film like 12 Years a Slave should be done from a lens that this isnt some old story from our history but that this is the foundation from which Black Americans have had to build their success.

To help understand the far-reaching ramifications of this, watching the documentary Understanding Racism can give you a broader comprehension of how slavery has created a systemic culture of racism. Its also important to understand how the legal system impacts people of color, consequently damaging their opportunities for employment. Films such as Just Mercy can help put a spotlight on the damage and extreme prejudice present in our legal system.

Finally, films such as Hidden Figures and Glory exemplify the invaluable contributions that so many Black people have given our country. This is in spite of the trauma, abuse and hardships forced upon them.

Sexism The workplace has long been a battlefield for women fighting for their equality and equity. Last years #MeToo movement ripped open the entertainment industry and started a wave of accountability for harassment and sexual assault in the workplace. Documentaries such as Confirmation, the story of Anita Hill, and 15 Minutes of Shame, the story of Monica Lewinsky, demonstrate our countrys approach to vilifying women who find themselves in scandals with powerful men that contribute to the culture of silence that surrounds this issue.

The documentary The Invisible War explores the systematic oppression, neglect and abuse that many women suffer while serving in the military. Its easy to forget that the military is a workplace and is often more dangerous than the battlefield due to the level of power and isolation that can be present for female service members. Finally, films such as Bombshell and North Country demonstrate the fight women have had to wage to receive justice in male-dominated workplaces.

Homophobia The LGBTQ+ community has had to walk a tough line full of minefields as theyve pushed for the right to be themselves and be protected from discrimination on the job. From the repeal of the Dont Ask, Dont Tell military law repealed in 2010 to the recent ruling of the Supreme Court that ensured the civil rights law included LGBTQ+ workers.

However, just like the other marginalized groups referenced in this article, the journey towards true equity is far from over. A documentary that can give you a birds eye view into how the trans community has been portrayed in and impacted by the media is Disclosure.

A film that highlights critical contributions made by people from this community while facing extreme prejudice includes Milk, the story of Harvey Milk, the first openly gay elected official in the history of California. The Imagination Game tells the story of Alan Turing, a cryptologist that made critical contributions that helped the Allies win the Second World War.

GLAAD has developed its own LGBTQ-version of the Bechdel Test, called the Vito Russo Test, in honor of GLAAD co-founder and film historian, Vito Russo. The test focuses on qualitative, not just quantitative, representation in film. Checking for films that pass this test is a great way to delve deeper into the experiences had and contributions of this diverse and many-faceted community.

Ageism Though this topic hasnt gotten the same amount of attention as the previous topics, its a critical issue for us to be educated on. In 2017, 18,000 age discrimination lawsuits were filed. Ageism has a double-sided challenge to it. On one hand, workplaces tend to buzz with negative commentary about millennials and generations following them into the workplace. While on the other hand, theres an undercurrent of devaluing someone with too much tenure on the job. The idea that a persons contribution is limited by their age is an outdated concept that needs to finally be retired.

Movies such as Internship, The Intern and In Good Company explore how much talent and opportunity is missed when we assume capabilities, or lack thereof, due to age.

Immigration The state of immigration in our country has become extremely volatile, and in many cases, tragic. A film such as A Better Life demonstrates the level of hard work and critical services that immigrant day laborers provide for us, often facing horrendous obstacles and very little acknowledgement. The film, A Day Without the Mexican, takes a satirical look at the consequences if all the Mexicans in California suddenly disappeared. And the film, The Big Sick, takes a look at the micro-aggressions and subtle racism many immigrants face as a routine part of coming to America.

With business becoming more and more global, it pays to broaden the talent pool beyond national borders. The Proposal provides a much lighter and fun look at employment and immigration laws to consider. While Gung Ho reminds us how much we can learn from other cultures and viewpoints.

Though this is far from a comprehensive list of the films available to us that can help evolve our understanding of the diverse workforce and customer base we all work with and support, its a solid start. Theres no need to wait for a corporate training program to begin developing your empathy and understanding of the many marginalized groups who may support your individual success and the success of the company or organization you work for.

Read more here:

Movies That Can Broaden Your Understanding Of Diversity Issues In The Workplace - Forbes

Can this be a turning point for our species? Do we have time to transform our system or are we already committed through climate feedback loops to the destruction of the ecological systems we rely on to survive? Although we are writing from a Scottish and UK perspective, we expect that much of what were saying applies elsewhere. Certainly, to successfully change our political paradigm, the shift needs to be international.

Our current political system is responsible for dizzying inequalities in wealth and opportunity, resulting in massive suffering for billions of people. It is impacting on essential earth systems to the point that they are unable to maintain the benign balance of the last 10,000 years. There are, as is repeatedly pointed out, at most only a handful of years left to address this effectively. Looking at humans track record, and at our current inability to organise ourselves to work together on any issue that counts, the prospects are not looking too good.

Many have long been at rock bottom through the impacts of a system that impoverishes billions for the enrichment of a handful of billionaires. That temporary state of imbalance is almost over. There is no way for it to persist without taking everyone down with it. So here near our collective rock bottom, can we finally acknowledge the depth of change we need to make? Can we face up to the tough shared task of putting together a completely different decision making system?

Knowing how bad things have got, and seeing how much worse they will become unless we choose to do things differently, we are at a moment of breakdown or breakthrough. Awakening to the need for complete system change, though painful, can bring us home to ourselves, one another and our shared home in a way that nothing else could. Countless numbers of us who have been on our knees, and as a result journeyed towards a new way of being, know this well.

Have we had enough of this way of understanding reality, this way of organising our society? Are we now willing to do what it takes to make the changes needed to shift the outcome?

In this essay we use the word we often and are frequently referring to different wes. Sometimes were talking to the wider human we, sometimes to those of us who are living in cultures with experience of colonialism, sometimes to those who are broadly from the social group who benefit most from the system of domination. We (the authors, your good pals Eva and Justin) have tried to make which we were on about clear from the context, but please either use the opportunity of any dissonance to reflect or flag any places where you feel excluded or unseen in the wes that we use. Almost all of us are impacted by the dominator culture and are all only ever part way through our healing from that.

With love and solidarity.

What are the impacts of our psychologies on our social structures, how and why have we got here and what kind of tools can help us make change happen? To answer this, well look at the principal systems through which we make change in our society: our collective decision making systems, also known as politics.

How have we allowed a small group of highly dysfunctional people and organisations to have so much wealth, power and privilege that their short-term me, me, me agenda is allowed free rein to trample on all other human and non-human interests?

Dare we dream that there could be other ways to collectively agree on whats important and organise ourselves to address whats really crucial? The journey from politics as we think of it now, to a way of making collective decisions that actually works for us and our ecosystems is long and deep. Lets begin.

Our existing political system has its roots in some of the darkest aspects of human behaviour. Although it has been pruned, modified and prettied up over the centuries, it still carries the inheritance of power by domination deep within its DNA.

To unpick this and design systems and processes that are based on a more accurate understanding of human behaviour, and that mitigate our worst aspects and support our best, requires us to first acknowledge some uncomfortable, fundamental truths about our shared human experience and dwell a little on their implications.

Much of our outlook is conditioned by neurobiological patterning in response to our experience in our first few years. This is a period we have all but forgotten by adulthood, but it continues to powerfully affect our resilience, attitudes, behaviour, and our ability to make healthy decisions for the rest of our lives. The quality of our early experience is highly dependent on our relationships with our primary caregivers and their ability to support us (or not) in these early years (Gerhardt 2003).

The ability to parent effectively is affected by a massive range of factors including our parents own experience of being parented, their deep personal, social and cultural patterning and backgrounds, the state of their relationships, their access to food and water, their work situation, their social status, whether they or their parents experienced disability, racism, slavery, war, famine, addiction or serious disease. So this very early conditioning is not only flavoured by our personal experience but is tightly enmeshed in our social, political and historic contexts.

We also all share a few core needs including the obvious air, water, food and shelter, but extending to less tangible but equally vital things like a feeling of safety, emotional connection and a sense of purpose or meaning in life. If these basic needs are not met (atanytime in our lives) we generally feel vulnerable, anxious, angry or depressed. However, the extent to which they are met, or not, in our early years sets up most of our lifetime strengths and weaknesses. When our early experiences are positive and our needs are met, this stays with us, contributing to our strength and resilience, our ability to be empathic, authentic and confident as adults. Negative experiences and unmet needs also stay with us, echoing through the rest of our lives as things like difficulty with anger management, lack of self-worth or insecurity.

Babies and young children who are habitually left to cry on their own, ignored or punished, told off or humiliated for not behaving the way their parents think they should, who are dealt with harshly if they stand up for themselves, or who were abused by the adults in their lives in one way or another (in the wide range of ways this can and does happen), internalise the resulting pain they feel. This pain doesnt go away. It is made sense of in a range of childish ways (its all my fault, Im bad, life is scary, I will only be loved if Im strong/ dont cry/ do as Im told/ take care of of others/ control others). These patterns are incorporated and become part of the unconscious beliefs and behaviour strategies we come back to again and again for the rest of our lives, regardless of whether they continue to make sense or even work to get us what we really want.

If our core needs were acutely or chronically unmet in our early years, we may experience an undercurrent of one or more of these states running in the background our whole lives, colouring much of our ability to form relationships and act positively in the world. These early experiences haunt our lives, impacting us in a range of ways, from a kind of background tone, through a range of levels of reactivity to full blown PTSD symptoms.

Trauma is a catch-all term for these responses. Its the process our body-mind uses to deal with events which we experience asoverwhelming, either physically or emotionally. Something of such states remains frozen in rigid patterns of physical and emotional reaction. These experiences are not stored in memory in the same way as other things that have happened to us, but are kept in the unconscious and the body as patterns which are triggered when something happens that reminds us of the initial experience. Because this triggering usually happens in split seconds, and usually completely unconsciously, its very common that the frightened, angry or desolate little child the one who first experienced the trauma, and a fragment of whose consciousness is now an inherent part of these patterns takes over for however long were experiencing the trigger, plunging us into a state which objectively now has very little to do with whats going on in the present.

For those who have had good enough parenting, these immature but powerful presences within our psyches are generally quiet when our needs are being met, but they can come rushing in to run the show when were under stress or when were exposed to a scenario that triggers them. Every one of us can remember times when we have overreacted or shut down (or a host of other inappropriate responses) when things didnt go our way. We are probably also aware of parts of life (for example public speaking, standing up to bullies, managing our anger or coping with rejection) where we know we tend to act differently to how wed like. Dig a little into these uncomfortable feelings and the roots always lead back to the fears, griefs and disappointments of childhood.

When our early patterning is triggered, we are no longer present in our wholeness. As part of a healthy maturing process over the course of our lives, we start to notice, understand and change our relationship with, and ideally begin to heal, our hurt inner aspects. But unexamined, allowed to run rampant and call the shots, they can make our (and others) lives a misery.

While some aspects of our personalities genuinely mature into functioning, flexible, compassionate adult selves, we also build adult-stylefacades of appearing and behaving on top of our traumatised parts, allowing us a defended, adult-seeming presence in the world. We feel that we are keeping ourselves safe, when we are actually perpetuating the unconscious conditions that keep our early wounds intact and active.

From the personal, these constructions ripple out into complex interactions with wider society. Our early trauma responses are triggered by things other people do and vice versa. We all spend quite a lot of our time trying, mostly unconsciously, to get our childhood needs met in indirect ways, or to protect these hurt parts of ourselves. This shows up in the kinds of everyday bullying, manipulation, clinginess, power play, duplicity, and dishonesty that we all engage in to some extent, justifed as defending ourselves and experience in others in a dismal range of ways ranging from irritating to abusive.

Every single one of us has experienced our own version of this, but the underlying reasons for this kind of behaviour are hardly ever acknowledged. They are certainly not acknowledged publicly, socially, andparticularlynot in those crucial arenas where we have given power to others to make the decisions that define our lives in this society, and on whom our lives depend. The implications of this collective blind spot on our ability to restore our world are monumental.

All this can look like a personal issue something to deal with in therapy or in our close relationships. And in part it can be. But the trauma we experience is way more than just personal and it will take deep cultural shifts as well as personal growth to deal with it. To see why, we need to look back at the roots of our dysfunctional relationship with power.

The most recent colonial project began with what is known as theEuropean colonial period, perpetrated by the European ruling class, dispossessing their own populations and mobilising them to colonise much of the rest of the world. Prior to this, the trauma of internal dispossession and enslavement and of invading and enslaving others had been repeatedly embedded in the European psyche, impacting on culture and interpersonal relations so that this most recent wave (begun in the 15th century and continuing to this day under the guise of corporate activity, economic policy and sanctions, politically motivated assassination and overt and covert regime change wars) became, if not inevitable, then certainly no great surprise.

The process of colonisation traumatises both the object and the subject in different ways. The surviving colonised peoples are forced to comply with their new masters in ways that are inherently offensive to their sense of personhood, and which severely limit their agency and ability to resist. Colonisers have to sever from their own innate empathy, sensitivity and sense of their own decency in order to be able to control the supposedly inferior colonised.

In almost all people there is a psychological line. On one side is behaviour that sits anywhere from the fully altruistic awareness that our own well-being depends entirely on ensuring the well-being of others, to that which can be rationalised as understandable given the circumstances. On the other side of that line lies behaviour that negates our fundamental sense of our own decency and which when consciously, deliberately and repeatedly enacted, traumatises the enacter to the extent that they can no longer face the implications of what they have done. Each crossing of that line makes us more likely to become caught in an increasingly self-reinforcing cycle, which validates the unbearable by repeating it, each repetition proving through this internal logic that the previous acts were necessary, normal or acceptable.

The upshot of this is that over the time that our current culture was developing (1) there was a severely traumatised, colonising ruling class (many of whom lived on the wrong side of the decency line and who spent a vast amount of time and money perpetuating a cultural mythology that they were good, deserving, mighty and just etc) and (2) their actions created a severely traumatised, colonised population (most of whom tried most of the time to stay on the right side of the line, but who could be pushed over it by punitive measures such as corporal punishment,empressment, threat of death etc or by desperation due to poverty or starvation), which was part of how (3) European countries managed to visit an astonishing quantity of appalling atrocities on populations across much of the rest of the world, often disguising such oppression by describing it as the civilising mission, or the white mans burden, or more recently as development or aid as if these are gifts rather than mechanisms through which we normalise the theft of resources from those we aid.

In spite of repeated attempts at reform and steps towards greater equality over the last 200 years, the task of actually addressing and attempting to repair the harm done through colonisation has where it has happened at all done no more than scratch the surface. This is partly because colonisation did not just happen externally, it also penetrated our inner lives, cutting us off from essential parts of our psyches, forcing its way into our shared culture, ensuring that we would pass on this colonised mindset from generation to generation whether in the now independent colonised countries or in the countries from which the colonisers came.

The British approach to colonialism in Africa was to maintain local leaders who would enforce British rule, and replace those who wouldnt. Decolonisation has often continued the same approach but at a greater distance, perpetuating the experience of colonisation.[Footnote: Similarly, ways of moving beyond gender inequality that prioritise moving women into the public realm dominated by men, can mean intensifying the devaluing of the home and the work of emotional care. This contrasts with moves that prioritise men relearning how to value childcare and their emotions.]

Different types of colonisation have different impacts. Some earlier conquests may have tended to leave populations pretty much alone as long as they paid the required tribute or taxes. But in Europe there was a lethal combination of first feudalism and then capitalism together with an evangelising Christianity. This insisted that those colonised (whether at home or elsewhere) not only cede land, resources and labour, but also accept that their indigenous spiritual, social and cultural sense-making was appallingly inferior or evil.

European colonisation whether in the Highlands of Scotland or elsewhere in the world saw the destruction of the cultural and spiritual fabric of the subjugated peoples as part of their mission, and then used those they subdued to subdue others. The (traumatised, domination focused) European culture considered itself superior to all others, presenting its domination as some kind of kindness, while extracting everything of value from colonised peoples and their lands. In the process it tried to smash indigenous cultures, replacing them with, as far as possible, a facsimile of the colonisers own.

This energised a massive negative cultural feedback loop: traumatising individuals and communities, seeding in them the potential to become dominators, ensuring that the indigenous cultural processes which could have supported healing and recovery were also systematically destroyed. Connections with local spirits were demonised, spirituality privatised, childcare put into the hands of the state, pupils kept indoors and alienated from the wisdom of their bodies, displays of any empathic emotions repressed, elders forgotten, lands held in common stolen, and people forced from subsistence livelihoods and a connection with family, place and nature into slavery or wage slavery, whether on plantations or in cities.

For most of those of white European descent, our true selves are buried under not only the unconscious pain of unprocessed childhood trauma, but also the colonial inheritance of traumatised and tragically mistaken assumptions about what it is to be human.

The extent to which we believe that we are separate individuals, that the earth can be owned, that our hearts are not as wise as our heads and our bodies are incapable of thought, that those in power are there because they know best: all this and more is our colonial inheritance and it isthisalienation from ourselves, one another and our land that makes it possible for the ruling class to tear up our communities, wreck our lands and poison our air.

This process is partly kept in place through the trauma the ruling class deliberately visit on their own children. This kicks off a seemingly inescapable loop of self-justification. Whenever you hear the refrain There is no alternative, you are hearing the desperate cry of those who know that if they admit that there is, and always has been, an alternative of real relationship, then they will have to feel the depth of pain they have had inflicted on them.

Within our social and political systems theres a vortex of unacknowledged trauma combined with a hereditary system of domination which, turbo charged by the neo-liberal agenda over the past 40 years, is now running close to costing us everything.

Those at the apex of our systems of power are often amongst those of us most seriously traumatised. Many have been put through the ruling castes mincer of distant or proxy parenting, forced separation, physical punishment and/ or emotional denial, bribery, adulation and humiliation as control, sometimes with visibly crippling results. But when this works, it results in the smooth, powerful, controlled and controlling social presentation of the elite class.

This is clearly a simplified version of a much more complex picture. Many children reared in this way do not go on to wield power in society, and some from other social backgrounds do. The political system that we in Britain have inherited however, has an unbroken line into the very depths of feudal brutality. It causes severe problems for any who attempt to function according to different principles within it, while those operating within the traditional power dynamic are supported by the structures around them.

Even within newer structures, such as the Scottish Parliament, which has in many ways freed itself from the ancient feudal energies of Westminster, the amount of power vested in individuals through the representative system, the power of lobbyists to shape policy behind closed doors, the lack of meaningfully accessible ways for ordinary people to engage in thinking about and affecting policy, and the complete blindness to the role of trauma in our thinking and our relationship to power, still means that those in the debating chamber are all too easily divorced from the realities of those they are intended to represent. The power and prestige that go hand in hand with political representationall too easilytake their toll on even those with the best of intentions, once they are given power within the current system.

Traditional upper class parenting is aimed at making the offspring of the social elite able to take and hold power in their turn. The only lasting way to dominate another is through coercion of one kind or another, so the essential human quality that must be inhibited in such unfortunate children is their sense of empathy.

Empathy is love translated into the social sphere. Many of us easily feel the joys and pains of those closest to us, but empathy allows us to feel for those outside of our group, those we have never met, those of other species and for the planet as a living system.

Our culture has in general sectioned love off to the isolated personal realm, or to the shared spiritual or storytelling realm, where it appears to pose no threat to the established social hierarchy. But love for those outside our immediate circle, or even our species, is a crucial component of our ability to be social, enabling us to override our powerful inbuilt tendency to ingroup/ outgroup thinking. It is no accident that empathy and love are denigrated and laughed at as weak and idealistic in politics. This attitude comes directly from the impulse to maintain control. It comes from the unconscious understanding thatour ability to make decisions based on our love for those outside our social groups, for other beings and for our world, is key to defusing the power-over paradigm.

The experience of childhood across all social classes is shaped by an abnormal system of emotional impoverishment, that presents itself as normal. Here, we focus specifically on how that experience impacts those who believe they benefit from this system, those we are taught to envy. Children who have had the deliberate, elite-perpetuating trauma of an upper class upbringing inflicted on them may still have access to their ability to care about those closest to them, but the deep denial, shaming, disparagement and sometimes even physical punishment of their own early sensitivity and vulnerability works to inhibit and displace empathy when faced with vulnerability in others, particularly those outside their social in-group.

Without empathy were not able to feel the impact of our selfish impulses, so there is nothing to mitigate them, especially when such impulses are also condoned by our peers and reflected in their (also traumatised) behaviour. Decisions made by people without access to their sense of empathy are traumatised, traumatising and, as we have abundant evidence to show, lead to devastating social and environmental consequences. Although, through this lens, it is possible to feel compassion for those in positions of authority, this should not blind us to the real world consequences of their trauma-driven actions. The trauma they wreck on others, the pain and misery caused by their privilege, is inexcusable. However, paradoxically, to defuse such abusive power requires us to understand the trauma-driven source of their actions.

We are, and have for a very long time been, living at the mercy of a self-perpetuating, intergenerational mechanism for keeping the checks and balances of empathy and fellow feelingoutof our decision making processes. Coupled with a social reward system which values those most able to distance themselves from love and compassion, while presenting themselves as supremely confident and unflappable, this is an almost failsafe system that has worked over many generations.

Those who enact that power are ruthless in ensuring their social in-group stays at the centre of power and repeatedly re-confirm their divorce from empathy and fellow feeling by acting with violence to those who are more vulnerable. From bureaucratic cruelties like toxic welfare reform, to building armaments empires and then creating markets for them by stirring up or initiating international conflict, many of those at the top will stop at nothing to perpetuate the system their inner hurt has driven them to affiliate with.

Women, children, those less privileged by birth, those whose skin is a different colour, those who are of other species and the land itself are seen as weaker, lesser and there only to be controlled and made use of. Anyone aspiring to power from categories seen as lesser may have to demonstrate a greater devotion to dominating others in order to prove their right to belong at the apex of such a system.

This system is the root cause of our current social and environmental emergencies. It is inherently incapable of getting us out of them. We need to create a different system.

The possible end of life on our planet is being driven by those too damaged and constricted to be able to feel their care. But what of the rest of us?

In most public social contexts we are similarly prey to the emotional and social conventions which mean that sharing our inner realities feels exceptionally risky. We fear being laughed at, shamed or ostracised. In agreeing to keep quiet, we help to perpetuate this system.

As in the political sphere so in the hierarchical organisations most of us work within, it can feel unsafe on a number of levels to voice an opinion that runs counter to the status quo. Ultimately conformity is rewarded and while imagination and insight can also be valued in some fields or areas of work, they are often hedged round with sanctions for those who go too far. Employers hold the ultimate sanction of dismissal for those who repeatedly refuse to conform to the way we do things or who bring in challenges that are uncomfortable to those with more power. There is an absolute absence of democracy from almost all workplaces. There may be protocols that need to be observed, but ultimately those higher up have the power to advance or sack those beneath them. The infantilization of adults in the workplace, the requirement to perform a role rather than be ones whole self, is an intrinsic part of maintaining this dysfunctional system.

This system can only persist to the extent it can get us to deny our whole selves. Our innate tendency to grow towards wholeness is its Achilles heel. One aspect of this is that the intermeshed self-reinforcing system of politics, economics and the media needs to incessantly generate novelty (personalities in politics, products in the economy, stories in the media). This makes it very vulnerable to an approach that enables people to be real, the economy to serve our needs, and to stories that resonate with reality. Movements and responses incessantly arise to champion these fuller ways of being, but with few exceptions political movements either become the power structures they oppose or remain in purity on the sidelines, innovations that connect us are appropriated to exploit us, and new stories fall away because they challenge only parts of the dominant paradigm and so end up reinforcing those parts they are blind to.

Our cultural reticence to stand out from the crowd is established deeply and early within some families, and aspects of the education system carefully school children on giving the correct answers and unquestioning obedience to those in authority. Time and time again, individuality, questioning, creative thinking and personal preferences and concerns are allowed within carefully controlled parameters, or ignored or even punished, leaving students in no doubt that their personal opinions and values must be carefully trained to fit within a certain mould.

Continuing relatively unchanged since the Victorian era, the school system is where many of us have cultural colonisation drummed into us, most often by well-meaning people who are, to a greater or lesser extent, unquestioningly (because thats built in) passing on the cultural imprint that they themselves absorbed. Our world is structured to persuade us that the home is the place of emotions (where we are supposed to share with our baby brother), and school and then work is the real world (where we are supposed to compete with others to get ahead). School is the place where the work ofpersonal and indigenous culturalsuppression so often happens, where conformity to the rule of authority can be embedded so deeply that most of us dont even notice its there.

School can be a place of discovery, of friendships, of teachers who care, of interacting outside the confines of what is allowed at home. However, running deep and silent, alongside and intermingled with the range of school subjects, much of the medium, context, unspoken rules and values which underlie the education system feed into the (unconscious) perpetuation of the mindset of domination that enables the ongoing colonial project. This mindset includes the objectification of anyone who is not a wealthy white human male and the treatment of nature as a commodity, rather than the miraculous basis for our and all other species survival. We are taught that animals, winds, oceans and birds are natural resources rather than our relations, and ultimately that we are only human resources too.

This system of domination requires us to separate from our inner selves and so stay separate from one another. If we were to challenge this, if we were to commit to working towards a system of connection, then the cruelty, injustice and alienation we experience and support would become impossible for us.

Those currently in power are not willing or able to change their fundamental, ecocidal, way of being, certainly not while they remain in their current structural positions. So any hope for our species is now in our hands.

Is it worth trying to find another way of doing things? Can we find one which is able to recognise the deeper levels of our being, support that within us which is prosocial and that places our needs alongside those of other humans and species and within bountiful ecosystems that offer to take care of our material, and thereby spiritual, needs if we take care of them?

Could our current life or death predicament be the ideal moment for us to collectively and clearly look at what we really want and need, and what were willing to do in order to be able to stay on as part of this beautiful planet? Maybe it was always going to be like this only when the alternative is so clearlymuch worse only then could we gather the collective motivation to do this difficult work. Even this late in the day, can we decide to do this whole being human another way, whatever the outcome?

In some contexts it is very difficult for us to make good decisions: when were stressed, when were tired, when were triggered . . . So the first thing we need to think about in developing ideas about what a new political system might look like is how to ensure, as far as possible, that we create structures and processes which take into account and mitigate these difficulties.

Heres are some of the big factors that play against our ability to make good decisions:

Since our early trauma states affect our ability to relate well to ourselves and others, recognising this and creating structures which enable us to deal with our traumatised states is an essential component of a new politics.

These states are so common. They tend to cut us off from our adult, empathic selves and so often take over without out conscious awareness, as they touch on deep running, painful emotions like shame, rage and desolation.

Just bringing the reality of trauma into the discourse can fundamentally change things. Acknowledging that we all share this experience of trauma is a huge step to enabling it to be processed. Building our relationships and running groups so that for example our tendency to flake out at certain points has a meaning that can be spoken about, can change the game entirely.

Our work relations are often so compartmentalised, we so often have to pretend to be other than we really are, imagine the relief if we were able to drop those roles and just be ourselves? Many people have spoken of the Covid period as including the experience of real connection with neighbours, strangers helping each other out, work meetings on zoom where pets and children interrupt the meeting and we are all reminded that beneath our roles we are full human beings.

There are many techniques that enable us to notice, process and ultimately heal our traumatised parts. There are many ways to acknowledge, heal and integrate these parts of ourselves, but here we are looking at simple ways of ensuring our work contexts support that integration rather than perpetuate trauma. We would want to ensure that for instance:

How counter cultural is this? How difficult is it to imagine a world like this? Are we uncertain about whether we even like the sound of it? To some extent this is the eye of the needle: the excruciating, embarrassing, vulnerable-feeling squeeze in the middle that, once we are through, can change everything.

Humans are predisposed to a range of foibles in the way we make sense of whats happening around us. Sometimes glossed as cognitive biases these are more correctly a highly complex bundle of neurological, hormonal and cultural tendencies some more deeply neurological and some more culturally determined. One of the most prevalent and, for the purposes of this essay, most important, is in-group/ out-group thinking. The extent to which we are conscious of this will have a big impact on the extent to which we are run by, or are able to manage it. In our globalised times, it is a crucial element to be aware of.

Cognitive Bias Codex from Designhacks.co

Any map of cognitive biases is bound to be biased, in that it is a particular perspective arrived at from within a particular culture. Perhaps it is best to think of it as the tip of the iceberg, a list of reminders that our way of thinking is shaped by assumptions. So, for example, the idea that some biases are more deeply neurological and some more culturally determined suggests an opposition or continuum between nature and culture that is fundamental to how we have learnt to make sense of the world within a system in which we are predisposed to control and dominate the unknown other, to relate to them as a threat to order rather than as an opportunity for shared learning and celebration.

In our dominant culture this in group/ out group bias is a fundamental all pervasive process of othering. However, the fundamental experience of other shared by many indigenous peoples is very different to this. Deborah Bird Rose writes of Yarralin Aboriginal Australian peoples way of relating to other peoples and other species, that:

Yarralin people assume that all species are made up of conscious and thinking individuals who speak, fight, plan, joke, perform rituals according to their own law. (2000: 46) Through their continued observance of the Law, all species sustain the relationships which were developed in Dreaming. It is implicit that all living beings have a choice in following Law. They can do what is necessary to maintain life or they can turn their backs on responsibility and, in so doing, allow destruction . . . All species have Law and culture, free will and choice (2000: 57).

Deborah Bird-Rose explains the contrast between this Aboriginal understanding of mutuality (known as the dreaming), and Western understandings of opposition (known as dualism):

In Aboriginal dreaming, all living things together constitute country, are conscious, responsible and mutually dependent. When country suffers, so do people. Ones interests are enfolded within the interests of all others. In Western dualism, one side is seen as an absence, and not heard. One side depends on the subordinated other, and denies that dependency. Dualism insists that the only hope for dignity is to set oneself in opposition to the systems on which our lives depend. It encourages people to make decisions to oppose self-interest to the interest of others, shifting pain and damage elsewhere. The need is to relinquish hope for future solutions, and to instead attend to mending present day relations. (Deborah Bird-Rose 1999)

For a very long time in our culture, power rested with the top dog, the biggest bully, the one who was the best at, or maybe just prepared to go the furthest, in terms of killing and maiming. Similar dynamics are still at play. Even if physical violence is no longer publicly condoned, bullying, shaming, taunting are all a familiar part of the way that politicians may feel they have to behave to defend themselves or get their way.

Politicians are people who have decided to try and get power, however pure their motivation. They are flattered, wined and dined, lobbied, pushed into the public eye, held personally accountable for contentious decisions all within a context where power is fiercely contested and weakness and vulnerability mercilessly punished.

Politicians can also become vehicles for the corporate ego of their parties. Political parties play to the worst aspects of our psychology, tipping us headlong into groupthink, party lines and in group/out group thinking at its worst. Parties groom their representatives to appear in certain ways, and to maintain the party line at all costs. They also groom their members, demanding complete loyalty and seeking to turn their representatives into facsimile people who are supposed to be the embodiment of the party a process that happens across the spectrum of political parties.

Deliberative democracy offers many insights into what a new locus of power might look like. Citizens Assemblies for instance, bring randomly selected groups of normally between 50 to 100 ordinary people together to explore and come to a view on complex and controversial policy areas. At their best, they are supported by facilitators whose over-riding agenda is to enable deeper deliberation, are informed by a group of expert witnesses chosen initially by the facilitators and then by the assembly members themselves, and use a variety of small group processes to explore the issues. Experience so far with these is that Citizens Assemblies can be very effective in allowing people to really listen to one another and often find that their strongly held opinions change as the process unfolds.

Systems like sociocracy also have a huge amount to offer the process of building a new politics. Shared governance systems like this have already mapped out egalitarian and effective formats for sharing power, enabling autonomy through horizontal accountability. Self-organising groups of people can then get work done effectively, without giving any one person or group undue power over anyone else. Even in such systems, theres a continual need to defuse emergent hierarchies and empower collective decision making.

Using processes like these, place based and work or interest circles could interlink, allowing communication at a range of levels, so that the impacts of actions by one group are thought through by everyone they will affect.

These systems work in communities of place or of practice. In shared governance, those who do the work tend to make most of the decisions about that work, so it would be councils of healthcare workers that would create structures within our healthcare services, repair and recycling workers who would feed into decisions about how we end waste and so on. As all aspects of society are interlinked, there would need to be connective structures which enable different parts of the system to communicate with one another, but all of this complexity would still be informed and mediated by the basic attitude of empathy and love for our fellow beings and home planet, and by the intention to create and maintain connection.

The organising logic in a shared governance system is one of connectivity and mutual care. This is in strong contrast to the organising logic of the pyramid systems (whether feudal, capitalist, state bureaucratic, authoritarian or dictatorial) where the requirement is to compete to rise higher, and to demonstrate servility to seek protection from those above us. In either type of system the organising logic becomes self-reinforcing.

Shared governance systems creatively evolve in a thousand different ways, but one essential ingredient in such systems is their emphasis on groups, and the roles within them. This emphasis is on ensuring that each of us brings our individuality in a way that enables others to also creatively contribute to our mutual care, rather than in a way that seeks to claim our contribution is superior to others. This doesnt so much de-emphasise the contribution of the individuals involved, so much as recognise the origins and fulfilment of our individuality as being in how we relate to others.

Within a pyramid system, whatever the level of self-awareness of those involved, the intense pressure, personal power, prestige and exposure that come with being one of those who govern departments, workplaces, institutions, or entire countries, are increasingly immense. The evidence is that no matter how well-intentioned someone has been on their way into holding power over others, the experience of having it is increasingly destructive of their ability to empathise.

A new political system would need to be built around the individuals contribution to the groups collective roles, rather than individuals claiming credit for fundamentally collective efforts. Hadrian did not build that wall, Brunel did not build that tunnel.

Creating contexts that de-stress

What would change the game entirely would be:

The UKs House of Commons pits two sides against one another, placing them slightly further apart than the length of a sword. So one place to start making this a reality would be to create decision making spaces that feel safer for us to bring the whole of who we are.

To make good decisions, we need spaces we can relax in, where people can become less defensive and more willing to be courageous and honest about their own buried experience and how it might be coming through in their current interactions and opinions.

Safe spaces acknowledge and accept all aspects (though not necessarily all behaviours) of the people within them and create processes, structures and codes of behaviour which support reflection, empathy, patience, understanding and imagination. Above all, they create spaces where deep impassioned disagreements can be the route to deeper understanding, resolution and ways forward.

These new decision making spaces wouldnt rely on people digging deep into their historic pain to bring it into the light for healing (useful though such processes can be). They would only need to acknowledge that when we become unable to care, to be empathic, we have stumbled across one of our early hidden patterns. At those times, we need to reflect on why this has happened, on whats going on with us that means were not able to be open hearted. This can be a quick internal process, or something that needs time and support from others. In either case its almost always enlightening and relieving and having been dealt with, can allow us to return to whatever we were doing with more information, more attention, and a mind that is once again open.

Techniques like Nonviolent Communication can be really useful in supporting this kind of process. There is a skill to this, but more than that it takes real courage and humility to acknowledge ones humanity and vulnerability in public spaces. These are the qualities we need in our politicians.

Clearly a shift to this kind of decision making context would be a massive change. Different skills would be called for in those who participated, and different kinds of people would be drawn to engage. At the moment, people involved in politics tend towards strong opinions and a high tolerance for (and probably a facility with) adversarial argument and conflict. They are likely to have a strong ego identification. This is fed by the role they are required to play in the system and so this aspect of their personality tends to be bolstered and (given the bias in the system towards selfish behaviour) makes our politicians vulnerable to opportunities to make the most of the perks of leadership, to play the system, or even to engage in full corruption. It can engender a sense of being exceptional and entitled, of the rules not applying to them.

Of course, political and economic elites sense of entitlement is built on a widespread social belief in exceptionalism that is central to any colonising mentality. The idea that:

In contrast, in a system based on emotional intelligence and a drive towards connection, those drawn to engage would be strong in empathy, self-reflexivity, wisdom (the willingness to learn from, rather than deny, mistakes), and deeper, collaborative thinking. These skills can be learned and our education system could be quick to build in material that would support these behaviours and skills if there was a practical call for them. Done well, this way of doing things could quickly become embedded as our way of working. At the same time, even just looking at the few examples given above, it is clear that it would also lead to a far broader reclaiming of who we are, and a willingness to support others elsewhere engaged in parallel struggles.

These are the conditions which promote clear thinking, deliberation and good decisions. Such spaces need good facilitation, so the role of trained, highly skilled facilitators, who are aware of their biases and keen to compensate for them, would be a key addition to political processes that would contribute a great deal to making sure that our decision-making is safe, orderly and fair.

The presence of someone (or more than one person) who has agreed to stay out of the to and fro of any disagreements that arise, and who is committed to maintaining good process, can make a massive difference to achieving good decisions. It would be important to ensure that such people were socially rewarded for their ability to maintain good process, rather than gain power or prestige from their roles. This could potentially be helped by frequent rotation.

Of course tensions will arise, there will be deep disagreements in how to move forward. Processes like Sociocracy, Dynamic and Convergent Facilitation, Wisdom Councils and the Way of Council, to name but a few, have much to offer in terms of focusing our attention on our innate creativity, our wisdom and the underlying truth of our interconnection, instead of hunkering down into our polarised positions. Given the right context, patience and support, new thinking (arising from the identifying of deeper connections) which takes everyones needs into account can be enabled to arise from even very deep divisions.

The rest is here:

Politics, Trauma and Empathy: Breakthrough to a politics of the heart? - Resilience

When Homeland Security agents posted their first phony online advertisement for child sex to draw out pedophiles in the Spokane area, they received so many inquiries their server shut down.

The influx of responses in 2016 forced agents to pause that operation and regroup, said Homeland Security Investigations spokesperson Tanya Roman. The ad received more than 100 replies in its first two hours up, Roman said.

Today, federal and local law enforcement say they dont have solid statistics on the prevalence of sex trafficking in Spokane. But Aaron Tilbury, founder of Spokane nonprofit the Jonah Project, said his organization has helped rescue and stabilize 300 victims of trafficking, almost all in their teens.

Most people selling sex in Spokane dont keep the money they make said. It goes straight to pimps.

He described most trafficking victims as impoverished and powerless minors in relationships with pimps that amount to slavery. Homeland agents estimate the average age of a trafficking victim in Spokane is 13 to 14, while Tilbury estimates 15 to 17.

Sgt. Kip Hollenbeck, who heads up Spokane Police Departments sex trafficking unit, sees a very different landscape in Spokanes sex business.

Hollenbeck estimates the average age of a prostitute in Spokane at about 30. He said some three out of four people selling sex in Spokane are independent, meaning they keep their own money and dont work through a pimp.

Many prostitutes in this category may have started as trafficked teens, he said, but then decided to work on their own. Sometimes they choose sex work when they find they can make significantly more money than working for minimum wage, he said.

FBI agents, who work with SPD, sees similar trends.

Were not seeing hundreds of juveniles being trafficked in our city, and weve got people whose full-time job is to look for that, said Christian Parker, the FBIs supervisory special agent in Spokane. Its something thats out there every day, but it is a finite pool. Its not endless.

The FBI doesnt monitor sex trafficking statistics in Spokane, Parker said, but local nonprofits estimates that the vast majority of people trafficking sex are basically enslaved are nothing like what were seeing.

Yet, Hollenbeck said, the public would be shocked, by how large the sex industry is in Spokane and worldwide.

Local nonprofits and federal and local law enforcement agree on what sex trafficking does not look like in Spokane: teenage girls being kidnapped by strangers.

While sex trafficking does happen, law enforcement said, the conspiracies peddled about mass sex trafficking are wrong. While federal agents and Hollenbeck said national and international sex trafficking pipelines exist and do bring trafficking to the Pacific Northwest, the vast majority of trafficking in Spokane is run by smaller operations, usually local gangs.

Sometimes, financially desperate parents traffic their own children more than the public might expect, Roman said.

Hollenbeck estimated the average trafficker in Spokane manages about one to three victims, usually out of a single house where they may also sell drugs. Certain businesses, like massage parlors and hotels, may be venues for trafficking, but brothels are largely things of the past as sex trafficking has moved online, he said.

Dramatic claims of women or girls kidnapped and chained up in basements are also false, Hollenbeck said. Victims may be trapped in sex work, but that trap is their dependence on drugs, money, food and shelter.

Traffickers arent sneaking into your home in the night and stealing your teen daughter from her bed, Hollenbeck said.

Most trafficking victims grow up in poverty and oftentimes are homeless, said Tilbury, of the Jonah Project.

Victims typically come from a difficult home, he said. Maybe its one parent who loves the crap out of them but is working three jobs and isnt around.

But other young girls can be manipulated into trafficking too, Tilbury said.

In reality its a cheerleader with a B average. Maybe she goes to a party and does something one time shed be embarrassed about and they say Do this or were sending this video to your youth group.

If a victim isnt already addicted to drugs when they meet a pimp, they often become hooked through the process of dating a trafficker and being groomed.

A pimp will often stalk someone using social media.

Hell then approach her, often near her school, with compliments.

When he walks up he already knows this young ladys favorite band is Pearl Jam and shes home alone a lot and her friend is more popular, Tilbury said. At this point, its just seeing if shell go to Starbucks, its not a van with duct tape.

The grooming includes affection and attention and then gifts and when trust is established, free drugs.

Grooming is the gradual process of creating a dependency on the trafficker and slowly chipping away at a victims boundaries. Gifts and dependence become leverage for traffickers to wield over their victims, Tilbury said.

Grooming is another way of saying, how is the leverage applied? he said. Its a gradual erosion of things she wouldve said no to before, and now shell say yes out of love.

When the proposition of selling sex arrives, its usually guised as a one-off act, rather than a new way of life.

Hell say, By the way, this Audi Im picking you up in from school every day, the payments are expensive. But my buddy Billy said if you do something with him this one time, hell make the car payment this month, Tilbury said.

Once this relationship has developed, Hollenbeck finds most victims of trafficking develop serious mental health issues and drug addictions. What follows is threats, violence and more drugs.

To dismantle an underground economy based on selling sex, Homeland Security and the FBI look at different sides of the coin.

Homeland agents focus on slowing the demand for sex trafficking. Homeland agents have arrested roughly 40 suspected pedophiles in the Spokane area per year in recent years with an average of 15 to 20 arrests per operation.

Spokane police and the FBI focus more on finding the pimps, who can be difficult to prosecute. Spokane police made 28 such arrests in 2019, with 28 ongoing investigations that continued in 2020.

Due to victims trauma, fear of retaliation, financial dependency and entanglement in gangs, they are often unreliable witnesses, Hollenbeck said. It is rare a victim wants to go to trial to testify.

The Jonah Project includes victim advocates like Michelina Cozzetto, a student at Whitworth, who are simply there to listen and help with small tasks.

Cozzetto has befriended 15 trafficking victims. She and a victim will spend time just talking, working on homework together, running basic errands, or walking through a pet store to self-soothe on a hard day.

Because some helpers like Cozzetto arent accredited, police arent always able to direct victims to groups like the Jonah Project, Hollenbeck said.

Im frustrated because I feel like we could do more, Hollenbeck said. I could use victim advocates to come and manage the victims. You cant expect a detective to handle a victim.

Another barrier to ending trafficking is soft consequences for the men who pay for sex, Hollenbeck said.

While many people ignore trafficking, Hollenbeck said, others try to bring attention to it in the wrong way by painting dramatic pictures of kidnapped women in chains.

Its seen as a victimless crime by so many, added Tilbury. People say this is just the ramifications of the choices this woman made. Were not giving them a chance to be victims.

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'The public would be shocked': Nonprofits see teen victims, while authorities focus on sex trade - The Spokesman-Review

Dear Editor,

After reading Flawed men, perhaps, but great deeds in the Aug. 8 EagleHerald, I got to wondering who would write such an editorial in defense of Columbus, an entrepreneur seeking great wealth and high office who would enslave, torture and murder the indigenous population to obtain his goals? And it struck me that it must be someone who makes a very large salary supporting the rich and powerful and making them look as good as possible when theyve done serious wrong. Columbus did more than just mistreat the indigenous population. He committed a crime against humanity and not a great deed.

And our founding fathers were cut from a very similar cloth as Columbus. They also aspired to high office and stockpiled fortunes through both chattel and wage slavery. They designed a government that would protect the rich and powerful and would pacify and hold down the working class, poor, and slaves who they considered to be beneath them. These were not great deeds, but great evils.

The founding fathers were the role models for governance that holds back real progress towards true democracy and continues to haunt us to this very day. President James Madison, considered to be one of the most important founding fathers, said that democracy needed to be limited and government designed to protect the minority of the opulent against the majority and that unchecked, democratic communities were subject to the turbulency and weakness of unruly passions See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalist_No._10#Background.

Professor Noam Chomsky, who many consider to be this countrys greatest intellectual, described very accurately the thinking and behavior of the founding fathers in this regard in a YouTube video entitled Noam Chomsky - Madison vs. Aristotle.

The Bible also speaks against the great sins of the rich and powerful in no uncertain terms. Our founding fathers were much like the Pharisees that Jesus denounced and promised would never enter His Kingdom because of their material wealth. Luke 6:24; Matthew 19:23-24; 23:1-39. James warns us how these big-money types exploit the poor, slander the name of Jesus, and are destined for horrible destruction in the end times. James 2:5-7; 5:1-6.

The author of the Detroit News editorial should have dug deeper into the Scriptures and considered the Commandment against making and worshipping idols as applied to statues of rich and powerful men. Exodus 20:4.

William Swenson

Menominee

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Founding fathers 'cut from similar cloth' | Opinion | ehextra.com - EH Extra

No one questions the fact that restaurant employees, and owners as well, are suffering greatly due to the chaos COVID-19 has wrought over the past several months. But lost in the backbiting on Capitol Hill over whether we should pay a premium on unemployment benefits, or restore the three-martini-lunch deduction, is the fact that the restaurant industry could benefit from structural, financial and legal help during this crisis.

Meanwhile, essential workers including restaurant employees are facing threats of evictions and hunger.

To that end, last week a coalition of dozens of restaurant workers and leading restaurateurs in New York asked the states governor, Andrew Cuomo, to deploy his executive authority to push for changes thatboth benefit and reform the states restaurant industry.

The Safe and Just Reopening Plan looks out for restaurant owners and workers alike. For restaurateurs, the plan advocates for both tax relief for restaurants and the ability to charge a safe reopening fee if restaurants agree to certain health and safety protocols in the era of COVID-19.

For workers, such a plan would allow wait staff to tip out kitchen and other back-end staffand, most importantly, it eliminates the subminimum hourly wage that has long been the norm in most U.S. states.

The federal minimum wage for tipped workers is $2.13 per hour. While actual wages vary from state to state, all workers who receive tips are paid less than the state's minimum wage for otherworkers.Thissubminimum wage is a holdover from a long begone era,and its critics say that the federally mandated low hourly wage is part and parcel of the systemic racism endemic across the U.S.

According to historians who focus on the post-Civil War era, the subminimum wage has its origins in slavery. After Emancipation, there was plenty of low-wage labor available to businesses such as restaurants. The hospitality sector was quickto catch onto the idea that hiring Black people to work for tips would be a way to keep labor costs down. At the same time, growing trends in transatlantic travel introduced American travelers to a European custom that appeared sophisticated once U.S. citizens returned to their side of the pond. The problem with the sophisticated veneer of tipping was that whats nowconsidered etiquette has its origins in racism.

One company notorious for this practice during the later 19th century was the Pullman Company, which hired Black porters to cater to its well-heeled white customers who traveled by train across the U.S.

Fast forward decades later, and coalitions including One Fair Wage insist its time to rethink the way in which the restaurant industry pays employees.

The subminimum wage in New York State is higher than the U.S. federal rate ($11.80 versus $2.13), but in this day in age anyone knows the math doesnt add up to allow for a minimal standard of living. In New York, tipped workers, still subject to a subminimum wage by law, are more than twice as likely to live in poverty and rely on Medicaid compared to the rest of the state workforce, says the authors of the groups most recent report.

One Fair Wage also says its data show that, nationally, white male tipped workers make about $5 an hour more than their Black women counterparts; in New York City, the discrepancy is $8 an hour. And the gaps arent just in wages: The group's research shows that restaurants were twice as likely to hire white workers over people of color. Further, 40 percent of white managers in the restaurant industry demonstrated a clear preference to hire white people over Black peopleand other people of color.

To date, 50 restaurant owners and at least 200 workers have joined One Fair Wage to support the Safe and Just Reopening plan. Joining them are celebrity chefs David Chang of Momofuku fame, as well as Tom Colicchio and Danny Meyer.

Chang in particular has been vocal about the ravages COVID-19 has heaped on restaurant workers, and emerged as a leader when it comes to showing how restaurants can operate safely during this era. Forced to close some of his restaurants, he co-launched a fund to help employees make ends meet, and he directed his human resources staff to pay healthcare premiums for laid-off employees as long as it was financially possible.

As of press time, the One Fair Wage-led directive is focused on New York, but it offers a template of how all U.S.restaurants and their employees can survive during a pandemic that so far appears to have no end in sight.

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Image credit: Jason Leung/Unsplash

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It's Time the Restaurant Industry Shed This Legacy of Slavery - Triple Pundit