Category Archives: Space Station

Today marks 21 years since Russia's space station, Mir, returned to Earth.

As the rhetoric from Russian space agency Roscosmos intensifies, it is worth taking a look back at the deorbit of the Mir complex, the first components of which were launched during the Soviet era.

Assembly of the International Space Station (ISS) was well under way when Mir met its demise. Indeed, it was Russia's commitment to the ISS that ended the veteran station; funding simply did not exist to keep both programs running.

Continuous occupation of Mir ended in 1999, with the return to Earth of the EO-27 crew. One more visit occurred in 2000, with a pair of cosmonauts spending two months aboard the outpost with a view to it being used for commercial purposes, but those plans came to naught other than delaying Mir's fate to 2001.

Operators were keen to de-orbit the complex while it remained under control. On December 26, 2000, contact was briefly lost due to a power drain, and a crew was put on standby to supervise the procedure from onboard the station. They were not required. In January, Mir's computer and gyrodynes (used to maintain attitude) were brought back online and a Progress freighter, loaded with extra fuel, docked on January 27.

There were hopes that the station could yet endure and be boosted to a higher orbit ahead of a possible reoccupation, but the rate of decay coupled with the sheer age of the complex meant that a de-orbit was inevitable.

Leaving the station to come down through atmospheric drag could have resulted in debris striking inhabited regions (NASA's Skylab had sprayed Australia two decades earlier) so the engines of the attached Progress were fired three times on 23 March 2001. Mir's orbit was first dropped to 103 x 137 miles with the initial two firings. The third and final firing was sufficient to set the station on a course to the Pacific ocean.

The complex encountered the atmosphere soon after passing over Japan, and its solar arrays were torn off by the force of re-entry. Its modules came off as it passed over the Pacific, and the demise of the station was visible from Fiji. Anything that survived re-entry fell into the ocean and was not recovered. Mir had, as Russia put it, "ceased to exist."

But the project lives on. Mir 2 forms the rump of Russia's contribution to the ISS and recent emissions from Roscosmos boss Dmitry Rogozin have suggested that Russia might undock its portion in the future.

A brave move, considering the age of the structures.

The Zvezda Service Module, built for Mir 2 and later pressed into ISS service, was constructed in the 1980s and launched in 2000, meaning it has spent over 20 years in orbit. Mir, on the other hand, managed 15 years.

Its fate is a clue to what lies in wait for the ISS and Russia's contribution.

Mir is well documented online, although we'd recommend David Harland's The Story of Space Station Mir. Brian Harvey's Russia In Space: The Failed Frontier? was also a useful resource.

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Russia's Mir space station returned to Earth 21 years ago - The Register

Special to Salisbury Daily Times| Salisbury Daily Times

Northrop Grumman Cygnus spacecraft soars to ISS

Northrop Grumman launched its 17th commercial resupply mission to the International Space Station Saturday, carrying 8,300 pounds of supplies. (Feb. 19)

AP

When Salisbury University alumna Kennedy Workman interviews for jobs throughout her graphic design career, she will have a line on her rsum that will set her apart from others: A piece of Workmans work will have traveled into space.

Her mission patch design was chosen as the winner of a competition for Terps in Space, an extension of the Student Spaceflight Experiments Program.

The program allows students in the University System of Marylandto design science experiments to potentially be sent to the International Space Station.

My artwork is not out in a lot of places, but I will be able to say that its been to space, which is incredibly exciting, said Workman.

Based out of the University of Maryland, College Park, the program is led by Daniel Enrique Serrano, senior faculty specialist at the Institute for Physical Science and Technology, and is open to all students.

The project selected to travel to space as part of Mission 16, for which Workmans patch was created, was developed by a collaboration of students from University of Maryland, College Parkand the University of Maryland, Baltimore County.

All University System of Maryland students are invited to participate, said Serrano. It means a lot to achieve that collaboration, like the team that won Mission 16, where you have students that are coming from different universities to do research, and for Kennedy to represent our entire mission visually being from a different university. My contribution is small, but it makes me proud to be able to bring these students together.

Workman, from Glenwood, Maryland, and other students in the SU Design Agency, a course led by Allison Seth, were given a brief description of the project and asked to create their version of a representative patch, similar to what one might see an astronaut wear on their spacesuit.

Though no astronaut will wear this patch, it will be sent up with the project expected to travel later this year and then will be returned to Workman with a certificate stating that it traveled to space.

The patch represents the projects basis on microgravity. Researchers will examine the fine details of how planets first began to form by investigating how the smallest particles interact and coalesce to begin forming a larger mass.

I really wanted to utilize an astronaut helmet or an astronaut floating in space to represent the human exploration of space and gravity, said Workman.

I looked at a lot of different pictures of astronauts because I wanted it to feel like they were floating out of the patch design and not too stagnant.

Workman studied spacesuits in images of astronauts and otherillustrations to develop her rendering and received praise from the judges, as her design closely represents what an authentic suit looks like.

More:What changes for Wallops launches to ISS as Russia ends rocket sales to US

One intentional variance was to not have the astronaut in the design wearing gloves, as Workman thought it made it more intimate and human for his bare hands to be holding flowers as he floated in space.

The flowers are part of the designs goal of representing Maryland.

I wanted to incorporate the state flower; thats why the astronaut is holding black-eyed Susans. And they also have the state flag on their astronaut suit, she said.

I tried to keep the color palette with the colors of Maryland and reflect the colors in different areas of the design, like the yellow reflection in the astronauts helmet, and the red stripe on the helmet and the banner around the entire patch design.

Workman was first selected as one of 11 finalists, from 44 designs submitted from across the state, to go to final judging. SU classmate Jennifer Cuevas design was selected as the third-place finisher.

Kennedys patch was one of the most refined and highest quality in terms of visual representation, said Serrano. Her being selected was by a landslide across the board by all the judges as the best design.

The project likely will launch from Cape Canaveral in Florida. Workman would like to be present, if possible, or at least view the launch of her artwork into space remotely.

I think it will be very, very exciting to see it launch, said Workman. I would love to see pictures of the patch on the International Space Station.

More:Rocket Lab chooses Wallops for launch, manufacturing site. Move could create 250 jobs

The SU Design Agency is a 400-level class in which students work in a setting structured like a graphic design firm to complete job assignments for actual clients, including University, community and nonprofit organizations.

The SSEP is a program of the National Center for Earth and Space Science Education = in the U.S. and the Arthur C. Clarke Institute for Space Education internationally. It is enabled through a strategic partnership with Nanoracks LLC, which is working with NASA under a Space Act Agreement as part of the use of the International Space Station as a National Laboratory.

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Reaching for the stars: Salisbury University alumna's work will travel to Space Station - Delmarva Now

With the upcoming Athena update on the way, there will be a new PTS event for Dual Universe next week. The event, Fool's Defense, lets you face the Novaquark team at the Novaquark space station. The team is encouraging all comers to try and destroy their space station and test the build.

The event will take place at 1400 UTC/10 AM Eastern time on April 1st and is in fact, not a joke. Join the developers from Novaquark on the PTS server and headto the PVP platform, claimed a ship and ammo and you'll be ready to fight. Once you get equipped and team up, either with your own team or creating public groups, it will be time to coordinate and get ready to take on the dev team. since this is in PvP space, everybody is vulnerable and in the official announcement for the event, the developers also warned that there may be potential sabotage or traitors that might be in the ranks of the community side in order to try and spoil your fun. For those who need it, there will be a resurrection node publicly available at the PVP platform.

The Athena update promises a new system that will let the community engage in war of all kinds, including sieges and defenses. With the development team taking on the community, it may be likely that they'll put in everything they can to test out the systems and stress the servers as well as giving players a rewarding opportunity to get an idea what to expect when the update fully hits.

Speaking of rewarding, anyone that wins will be able to spin a Wheel of Foolish Fortune, where they can get great prizes or intentionally not great prizes. Because an event on April Fool's Day couldnt be all straightforward. For more, see the official announcement over at Dual Universe

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Prepare to Try to Take Down the Novaquark Space Station in This Dual Universe Event - MMORPG.com

In the coming days a Russian Soyuz capsule is scheduled to leave the International Space Station for Earth, bringing home three personnel who have completed months of duties on the facility.

Two of these heading back to Kazakhstan will be Russian cosmonauts but the third will be American astronaut Mark Vande Hei.

In the midst of a war in Ukraine in which Russian bombs and shells are killing Ukrainian civilians and where US-provided weaponry has killed probably several thousand Russians, co-operation is continuing in space, at least for the present.

The war in Ukraine is not only the most serious crisis in Europe in decades, but the tensions it has generated between the US and Russia may ultimately also have an impact 400km above Earth at the International Space Station.

Almost from its inception about 60 years ago, space exploration has had as much to do with politics as with science, maybe more so.

The race to orbit Earth and later to the moon between the US and the former Soviet Union were as much about showing their own people and the broader world which political system was the most advanced.

However, in more recent years space has been one of the main areas of co-operation between the US and Russia.

The International Space Station project stemmed from an initiative to improve US-Russian relations after the collapse of the Soviet Union and to get away from the cold war rivalry between the two powers that marked the race to be first to the moon in the 1960s.

Even though this new co-operation was tested by Russias annexation of Crimea in 2014, Russian cosmonauts and American astronauts continued to work side by side on the space station.

After the retirement of the US space shuttle in 2011, and until the private Space X firm came on the scene in 2020, the Americans paid handsomely about $4 billion (3.64 billion) for seats on Russian space craft to bring their astronauts to and from the station.

The Americans, Russians, Japanese and others have their own modules or parts of the space station, but these are largely inter-dependent.

While the fallout from the invasion of Ukraine by Russia has the potential to cause serious problems for the space station project, the messages from both sides have been mixed.

Restrictions on high tech exports to Russia introduced by the Biden administration were designed to degrade its aerospace industry. The US space agency Nasa argued, on the other hand, that the measures would not impact on ongoing in-orbit and ground-station operations.

However, Dmitry Rogozin, director general of Russian space agency Roscosmos, denounced the restrictions and warned sanctions could destroy teamwork with the US on the International Space Station.

Rogozin has in recent weeks also been involved in a Twitter spat with one of the USs most famous astronauts of recent times and a strong critic of the Russian war in Ukraine, Scott Kelly, who spent a US record of nearly a year in space.

In one instance Rogozin tweeted a video of technicians taping over the flags of the United States, Japan and other nations on the Soyuz rocket that was supposed to launch 36 internet satellites for a UK-based company.

That launch, scheduled for March 4th, did not happen, because OneWeb and the British government, which owns part of the company, declined to meet new demands imposed by Roscosmos on how the satellites would be used.

Kelly responded to that tweet, writing, Dimon, without those flags and the foreign exchange they bring in, your space programme wont be worth a damn. Maybe you can find a job at McDonalds if McDonalds still exists in Russia.

Rogozin replied in a tweet that was subsequently deleted: Get off, you moron! Otherwise the death of the ISS [International Space Station] will be on your conscience!

In response to western sanctions Russia has also said it will no longer sell rocket engines to US companies. It has also halted launches of Russian-built Soyuz rockets from Europes space port in French Guiana.

At the same time, Nasa has said it and the Russians are still working toward a crew exchange deal under which both would routinely share flights to the space station on each others space crafts.

The revival of tensions akin to the cold war comes as Nasa is planning a return to the moon after a 50-year hiatus.

Americans wont be landing on the moon any day soon. It may be 2025 or 2026 before that happens.

However, the first steps are taking place. Last week Nasa rolled out its new mega rocket known as the Space Launch System at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, essentially as a dress rehearsal ahead of an unmanned launch around the moon later this year.

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Tensions over Ukraine could affect space co-operation - The Irish Times

Want to go to space? It could cost you.

This month, the SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft will make the first fully-private, crewed flight to the International Space Station. The going price for a seat is US$55 million. The ticket comes with an eight-day stay on the space station, including room and board and unrivaled views.

Virgin Galactic and Blue Origin offer cheaper alternatives, which will fly you to the edge of space for a mere US$250,000-500,000. But the flights only last between ten and 15 minutes, barely enough time to enjoy an in-flight snack.

But if youre happy to keep your feet on the ground, things start to look more affordable. Over the past 20 years, advances in tiny satellite technology have brought Earth orbit within reach for small countries, private companies, university researchers, and even do-it-yourself hobbyists.

We are scientists who study our planet and the universe beyond. Our research stretches to space in search of answers to fundamental questions about how our ocean is changing in a warming world, or to study the supermassive black holes beating in the hearts of distant galaxies.

The cost of all that research can be, well, astronomical. The James Webb Space Telescope, which launched in December 2021 and will search for the earliest stars and galaxies in the universe, had a final price tag of US$10 billion after many delays and cost overruns.

The price tag for the International Space Station, which has hosted almost 3,000 scientific experiments over 20 years, ran to US$150 billion, with another US$4 billion each year to keep the lights on.

Even weather satellites, which form the backbone of our space-based observing infrastructure and provide essential measurements for weather forecasting and natural disaster monitoring, cost up to US$400 million each to build and launch.

Budgets like these are only available to governments and national space agencies or a very select club of space-loving billionaires.

More affordable options are now democratizing access to space. So-called nanosatellites, with a payload of less than 10kg including fuel, can be launched individually or in swarms.

Since 1998, more than 3,400 nanosatellite missions have been launched and are beaming back data used for disaster response, maritime traffic, crop monitoring, educational applications and more.

A key innovation in the small satellite revolution is the standardization of their shape and size, so they can be launched in large numbers on a single rocket.

CubeSats are a widely used format, 10cm along each side, which can be built with commercial off-the-shelf electronic components. They were developed in 1999 by two professors in California, Jordi Puig-Suari and Bob Twiggs, who wanted graduate students to get experience designing, building, and operating their own spacecraft.

Twiggs says the shape and size were inspired by Beanie Babies, a kind of collectible stuffed toy that came in a 10cm cubic display case.

Commercial launch providers like SpaceX in California and Rocket Lab in New Zealand offer rideshare missions to split the cost of launch across dozens of small satellites. You can now build, test, launch and receive data from your own CubeSat for less than US$200,000.

Small satellites have opened exciting new ways to explore our planet and beyond.

One project we are involved in uses CubeSats and machine learning techniques to monitor Antarctic sea ice from space. Sea ice is a crucial component of the climate system and improved measurements will help us better understand the impact of climate change in Antarctica.

Spire Global operates a fleet of more than 110 nanosatellites. Image: Spire Global

Sponsored by the UK-Australia Space Bridge program, the project is a collaboration between universities and Antarctic research institutes in both countries and a UK-based satellite company called Spire Global. Naturally, we called the project IceCube.

Small satellites are starting to explore beyond our planet, too. In 2018, two nanosatellites accompanied the NASA Insight mission to Mars to provide real-time communication with the lander during its decent. In May 2022, Rocket Lab will launch the first CubeSat to the Moon as a precursor to NASAs Artemis program, which aims to land the first woman and first person of color on the Moon by 2024.

A nanosatellite took this photo of Mars. Image: NASA/JPL

Tiny spacecraft have even been proposed for a voyage to another star. The Breakthough Starshot project wants to launch a fleet of 1,000 spacecraft each centimetre in size to the Alpha Centauri star system, 4.37 light-years away. Propelled by ground-based lasers, the spacecraft would sail across interstellar space for 20 or 30 years and beam back images of the Earth-like exoplanet Proxima Centauri b.

With advances in miniaturization, satellites are getting ever smaller.

Picosatellites, the size of a can of soft drink, and femtosatellites, no bigger than a computer chip, are putting space within reach of keen amateurs. Some can be assembled and launched for as little as a few hundred dollars.

A Finnish company is experimenting with a more sustainably built CubeSat made of wood. And new, smart satellites, carrying computer chips capable of artificial intelligence, can decide what information to beam back to Earth instead of sending everything, which dramatically reduces the cost of phoning home.

Getting to space doesnt have to cost the Earth after all.

This article by Shane Keating, Senior Lecturer in Mathematics and Oceanography, UNSW Sydney and Clare Kenyon, Astrophysicist and Science Communicator, The University of Melbourneis republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

Shane Keating and Clare Kenyon will be discussing CubeSats and the Space Bridge program at Design beyond Earth: The future of Earth observation, an in-person and online event at Scienceworks in Melbourne on Sunday March 27, 12pm-1pm.

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Satellites have become smaller and cheaper so even you can now do science in space - The Next Web

China hopes to pique public interest in space tourism by making its soon-to-be-completed space station available to the general public.

Yang Liwei, Chinas first astronaut in space in 2003, told Chinese media earlier this month that persons without official astronaut training may soon visit the Tiangong space station.

When asked if the general public will be allowed to explore Tiangong, Yang replied, It is not an issue of technology, but of demand. And, if there is sufficient demand, it can be accomplished within a decade.

Yang was addressing as a member of Chinas continuing annual political sessions in Beijing, the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). Zhou Jianping, the main designer of Chinas human spaceflight programme, subsequently claimed the countrys Shenzhou crew spacecraft might be used for space tourism, lending credence to the remarks.

Taken together, the statements imply that China is attempting to develop a market for space tourism.

READ MORE: BEST SOUNDING VEHICLE EVER? Porsche Cayman GT4 RS 2022

But first, China must finish and operationalize the three-module, T-shaped space station. This year, China intends to send six missions to complete Tiangong. These will be the launches of two new modules, Shenzhou 14 and Shenzhou 15, as well as two cargo supply missions and two crewed missions.

The two three-person missions are also slated to carry out the first crew handover, which will see six astronauts temporarily stationed on the space station.

However, the Shenzhou spacecraft, which will launch from Jiuquan in the Gobi Desert on a proven Long March 2F rocket, will not be the sole option for transporting passengers into space.

According to Space.com, China is developing a reusable rocket for human spaceflight that would be capable of launching a new, bigger, and largely reusable crew spacecraft to the space station. The new method would allow more individuals to go to space at the same time.

Whereas the Shenzhou spacecraft can only carry three astronauts, the new generation of crewed space transportation vehicles will be able to carry six to seven astronauts, according to Huang Kewu, a human spaceflight official with Chinas main space contractor, the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, last year.

Commercial alternatives are also being considered. CAS Space, a commercial offshoot of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), plans to provide tourist journeys to space as early as 2025, citing Blue Origin as inspiration.

Meanwhile, Space Transportation is designing a rocket with wings for space tourism and point-to-point travel, with a maiden suborbital flight scheduled for 2025. Orbital flights are scheduled to begin around 2030.

Last year, Wu Ji, a researcher at the CASs National Space Science Center, told the Beijing Review that he thought Chinese enterprises will be able to compete in the worldwide space tourism industry. Commercial programs may help reduce costs and boost the efficacy of space operations, which would benefit traditional participants in this sector, Wu added.

Chinas first space-tourism planes may not take off for a few years, but the government appears to be committed to providing several means for visitors to reach space.

For more latest updates visit here http://www.geeksultd.com

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Within a decade, China intends to offer its Tiangong space station for tourism. - GeeksULTD

SpaceX put another 47 Starlink internet satellites into orbit Thursday while competitor OneWeb, which relies on Russian Soyuz rockets for the ride to space, announced it is suspending launches in the wake of Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

The move comes amid escalating tension between the Russian space program and the West as the nation that put the first satellite and the first human in orbit severs commercial ties, threatening the cooperation that makes the International Space Station and other commercial ventures possible.

While the space station continues to operate in near-normal fashion for now, the Russians have terminated commercial Soyuz launch operations at the European Space Agency's launch site in Kourou, French Guiana, and cut-off sales and support for Russian rocket engines used in U.S. rockets.

"In a situation like this we can't supply the United States with our world's best rocket engines," Reuters quoted Dmitri Rogozin, head of the Russian space agency Roscosmos, as saying. "Let them fly on something else, their broomsticks, I don't know what."

SpaceX founder Elon Musk posted that quote on Twitter under the title "American Broomstick," reminding Rogozin that SpaceX has the capability to launch equipment and astronauts to the station from U.S. soil aboard American rockets.

Against that backdrop, OneWeb, an international consortium partially owned by the British government, had planned to launch another batch of its internet satellites Friday atop a Russian Soyuz 2.1a booster that was hauled to the pad at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan earlier this week.

But Rogozin threatened to cancel the launch, OneWeb's 14th atop a Soyuz, if the company did not guarantee its system would not be used for any military purposes and if the U.K. did not sell its stake in the project.

"The British authorities must withdraw from the shareholders of OneWeb to launch satellites," Rogozin tweeted. "Otherwise, there will be no launches."

On Thursday, OneWeb said in a one-sentence statement: "The Board of OneWeb has voted to suspend all launches from Baikonur." Company personnel have been told to leave Baikonur and to return to their homes.

It's not yet clear what will happen to the 36 OneWeb satellites still aboard the Soyuz rocket or what boosters might be used for future launches if the conflict isn't resolved. But the cancellation of Soyuz flights, if it remains in force, would mark a major setback for a company that reorganized in the wake of bankruptcy, attracting major investments from the United Kingdom.

Along with threatening OneWeb, Rogozin and Roscosmos have ended commercial Soyuz launch operations at the ESA-Arianespace launch site in Kourou a week after suggesting the Europeans consider launching piloted Soyuz missions from there.

"After the cancellation of Soyuz launches, the European Space Agency can launch European satellites on its rockets... when they have them," Rogozin tweeted.

The Russians also have announced they will no longer service the RD-180 engines powering United Launch Alliance's Atlas 5 rockets and will not sell any more RD-181 engines for use in Northrop Grumman's Antares space station cargo rocket. The Antares first stage is built in Ukraine while the engines are built in Russia.

Company officials said the hardware for the final two flights in Northrop Grumman's current contract with NASA are already in the United States and those flights are expected to proceed as planned. Beyond that, Northrop Grumman may be forced to find another launch provider. The company has not yet commented.

United Launch Alliance has already taken delivery of the two dozen RD-180s needed to carry out all remaining Atlas 5 flights as the company transitions to a new, all-U.S. rocket called the Vulcan. While Russian technical support would have been appreciated, ULA CEO Tory Bruno says, it's not required.

But the Atlas 5 eventually will be used to launch NASA astronauts aboard Boeing Starliner capsules "without the supervision of our specialists," Rogozin tweeted. "Well, let's pray for our American friends!"

Despite Rogozin's rhetoric, joint U.S.-Russian operations continue aboard the International Space Station. NASA Administrator Bill Nelson and the agency's senior managers have kept a deliberately low profile and have not publicly responded to the Russian director-general. They've said only that both sides are working to maintain safe operations in space.

But relations are clearly at risk. On Wednesday, Rogozin said Roscosmos will "closely monitor the actions of our American partners and, if they continue to be hostile, we will return to the question of the existence of the International Space Station."

Former shuttle flight director and program manager Wayne Hale told the NASA Advisory Council on Tuesday the U.S. agency should consider "assembling a tiger team to prepare contingency plans" for ISS operations given the escalating tensions.

"It just seems prudent," he said. "Hopefully, it doesn't come to pass, but we've always prepared for contingencies if they were serious enough."

If they chose not to maintain the status quo, the Russians could, in theory, detach their modules from the station and chart their own course, leaving NASA to come up with the propulsion needed to keep its section of the outpost in orbit and to safely bring it down at the end of its life.

Less drastic, the Russians could attempt independent operations while still attached to the U.S. segment. Or they could simply abandon the outpost, forcing NASA to either follow suit or quickly develop supplemental propulsion.

In the near term, three Russian cosmonauts are scheduled for launch to the station aboard the Soyuz MS-21/67S ferry ship on March 18, docking at the newly attached Prichal multi-port module. On March 30, another Soyuz, MS-19/65S, is expected to return to Earth, bringing two cosmonauts and NASA astronaut Mark Vande Hei back to Earth.

Vande Hei and crewmate Pyotr Dubrov, launched on April 9, 2021, aboard a different Soyuz, will wrap up a 355-day stay in space, a new single-flight record for a NASA astronaut.

The same day Vande Hei's crew comes down, a SpaceX Crew Dragon is scheduled for launch to carry four private citizens to the space station for a 10-day commercial visit, coming home on April 9. Another Crew Dragon is set for launch six days after that, on April 15, to carry four fresh long-duration crew members to the lab. The crew they will replace plans to return to Earth on April 26.

How that sequence of flights might be affected by the ongoing crisis in Ukraine is not yet known. Regardless of the rhetoric, the space station requires both space super powers to operate.

The International Space Station was first proposed by President Ronald Reagan in his 1984 State of the Union address. In the wake of the Soviet Union's collapse, Russia joined the station project under the Clinton administration, helping design and build the largest structure ever assembled in space.

One former NASA manager, speaking after the Ukraine invasion began, called it "a deal made with the devil, with the best intentions," but there is little argument the venture has been remarkably successful to this point with astronauts and cosmonauts living aboard the complex continuously since November 2000.

One hundred and seven piloted station missions have been launched to date, including 66 Russian Soyuz crew rotation flights, 37 space shuttle assembly missions, four SpaceX Crew Dragon astronaut ferry flights, 80 unpiloted Russian Progress cargo flights and 55 U.S., European and Japanese supply ships.

The station features 16 pressurized modules, including seven provided by NASA, one by ESA and two from the Japanese space agency. The Russian segment is made up of the Zarya and Zvezda modules, two docking compartments, a newly arrived lab module and the Prichal docking port.

NASA astronauts, cosmonauts and partner astronauts have carried out 246 spacewalks to date to build and maintain the outpost, logging 65 days working in the vacuum of space.

The lab now stretches 167 feet from the forward Harmony module to Russia's aft Zvezda module and 357 feet across its NASA-supplied solar power truss. With a mass of nearly a million pounds, the station provides the pressurized volume of a 747 jumbo jet. It is the largest structure ever assembled in space.

Russia provides the propellant and thrusters needed to keep the station in orbit and to eventually guide the huge lab back into the atmosphere for a safe, targeted re-entry and breakup at the end of its life. The United States provides the powerful gyro devices used to maintain the lab's orientation and supplies the lion's share of the station's electrical power.

A Northrop Grumman Cygnus cargo ship launched February 19 is the first U.S. craft since the now-retired shuttle that is capable of raising the station's altitude. SpaceX Dragon capsules presumably could provide reboost capability as well, although additional launches of both spacecraft, at additional cost, would be required to make that happen. And it's not known how long it might take to implement any such plans.

In the meantime, Russian cosmonauts are not trained to operate U.S. systems and NASA astronauts cannot operate Russia's. The space station is, in the end, a truly international project that requires both superpowers, working together, to function in its current form.

"It would be very difficult for us to be operating on our own," said NASA space operations chief Kathy Lueders. "The ISS is an international partnership ... with joint dependencies."

Before the Ukraine crisis erupted, NASA, ESA Canada and Japan were aiming to extend station operations through 2030. Russia had not yet formally signed on, however, and as of now, all bets are off.

Bill Harwood has been covering the U.S. space program full-time since 1984, first as Cape Canaveral bureau chief for United Press International and now as a consultant for CBS News. He covered 129 space shuttle missions, every interplanetary flight since Voyager 2's flyby of Neptune and scores of commercial and military launches. Based at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, Harwood is a devoted amateur astronomer and co-author of "Comm Check: The Final Flight of Shuttle Columbia."

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Russia severs ties with U.S. and European space projects; ISS operating normally for now - CBS News

As the war in Ukraine goes on, theres a looming threat that Russia might ditch the International Space Station a football field-sized satellite that currently houses several astronauts and allow it to crash into Earth. This raises two scary questions. One, can Russia just drop the ISS on the planet? And two, is the post-Cold War era of space collaboration between Russia and the US coming to an end? The answers are complicated.

The uncertain state of the ISS reflects the rift between its two main partners, who are currently clashing over Russias ongoing war against Ukraine. Concerns that Russia might let the ISS fall to Earth came up late last month when Russian space chief Dmitry Rogozin raised the idea in a series of tweets complaining about new US sanctions against Russia, including some aimed at its space program. The issue came up again this week after Rogozin suggested on a state-controlled Russian television show that if the US continued to be hostile, Roscosmos would rescind its support for the space station.

But even if the ISS stays in orbit for now and it almost certainly will these ongoing tensions are a clear sign that the state of international collaboration in space is rapidly changing, and becoming much more sensitive to politics here on Earth.

The safety of the ISS is a real concern. Russia controls critical aspects of the space stations propulsion control systems. While the ISS is in orbit, Earths gravity gradually pulls it toward the atmosphere, so the space station typically uses a propulsion module which is controlled by Russia to keep it in place. Without these regular boosts, though, the ISS would very slowly fall toward the atmosphere, where it would mostly burn up. The astronauts aboard would likely have plenty of time to escape the space station and travel back to Earth. But some of us might not be as lucky: a number of heavy components that make up the ISS could survive the atmosphere and fall to the Earths surface, where, without control over the ISSs deorbit, they could hit structures or kill people.

Again, there are many reasons why this is unlikely to happen. For one, NASA insists everything is fine. Rogozin is also known for bombastic statements. Destroying the space station isnt necessarily to Russias advantage, either. Roscosmos, Russias space agency, may not want to take the risk of an uncontrolled deorbit, even if the ISS doesnt normally travel over much of Russia. And then theres the fact that just as NASA depends on Roscosmos to keep the ISS operational, Roscosmos also depends on NASA, and has a long history of working with the US, even through periods of tension. This is the nature of the ISSs founding partnership, which is now more than two decades old.

The current situation is a result of decisions made basically 29 years ago to build a space station that was interdependent with Russia and the United States at its core, John Logsdon, the founder of George Washington Universitys Space Policy Institute, told Recode. This dependence on Russia for propulsion was not an accident.

The future of space may not look as cooperative, though. Like the US, Russia wants to travel to the moon, Mars, and, eventually, Venus and Jupiter. But as Roscosmoss waning commitment to the ISS makes clear, the space agency doesnt seem so interested anymore in working closely with the US. Instead, Roscosmos is gearing up to lead its own space explorations and work with other countries on its efforts, rather than NASA. This race is already playing out on the moon. After the US announced the Artemis program, a NASA-led international effort to explore and establish a human presence on the lunar surface, Russia and China announced that they would team up in a separate partnership to do something similar.

We dont know exactly how these new politics of space will play out. We also dont know whether Russias war on Ukraine will force the country to go it alone in space. But we do know that tensions between Russia and the US are driving Roscosmos and NASA apart. This is setting the groundwork for a new era of space collaboration, one that doesnt involve a singular international partnership, like the ISS does, but rather several different factions of space-faring countries that sometimes will work together and sometimes wont. As Roscosmoss reaction to the war in Ukraine makes clear, this could become very tricky very quickly.

Politics isnt supposed to influence the ISS. Russia and the US first started building the space station in the late 1990s, and the partnership was considered a major feat of international collaboration, especially in the wake of the Cold War and the decadeslong space race. Since then, the ISS has brought together astronauts from around the world to conduct research that could, eventually, help bring humans even further into outer space. The ISS partnership now includes 15 different countries, and is considered by some to be humanitys greatest achievement and one that has mostly been above whatever is happening on planet Earth.

This is increasingly not the case. Back in 2014, Russia used the ISS in an attempt to pressure the US into recognizing its annexation of Crimea, a peninsula in the southern part of Ukraine (and which Ukraine still considers to be part of its territory). If the US didnt formally recognize Russias claims on the region, the Russian space program suggested it would relocate astronaut training to Crimea. This was a critical threat at the time: NASA astronauts needed training to travel on Russias Soyuz rocket, which, back then, was the only way to get to the ISS. The conflict came just months after the US instituted sanctions that were meant to punish Russia for its invasion of Crimea. In response, Roscosmos had implied it would stop transporting any NASA astronauts at all, with Rogozin suggesting in a tweet that the US bring their astronauts to the International Space Station using a trampoline.

There has been a sense that the ISS is starting to become a bargaining chip of some sort in relations between the United States, in particular, and Russia, explains Wendy Whitman Cobb, a professor at the US Air Forces School of Advanced Air and Space Studies.

The good news is that the US is no longer dependent on Roscosmos for transportation to the ISS; SpaceX has been transporting NASA astronauts to the space station since 2020. The not-so-good news is that Russia seems to care less and less about the ISS. Russia threatened to withdraw from the space station partnership last year again over US sanctions.

The situation became even grimmer this past fall when Russia blew up a defunct spy satellite with an anti-satellite missile and created thousands of pieces of space debris, including some that US officials feared could damage the ISS. This test didnt just highlight that Russia has the ability to shoot down a satellite from Earth, but that it was potentially willing to endanger its own ISS cosmonauts, who were forced to shelter in emergency vehicles for several hours after the test.

Things degraded even further this week. The Russian space agency announced it will no longer work with Germany on science experiments on the ISS, and also said that it will stop selling rocket engines to the US, which NASA has historically depended on. And Rogozin again raised the idea that without Russias help, NASA would need to find another way to get to the ISS. This time, he suggested broomsticks.

It is likely that Russia could exit the ISS given the geopolitical situation of Ukraine before 2025, explained Namrata Goswami, an independent scholar of space policy. If Russia ends up leaving the ISS earlier than 2025 due to the Ukraine crisis, it will be difficult to quickly develop the Russian support cycle for the ISS.

Despite the war, NASA has tried to keep up the appearance of normalcy aboard the ISS. The agency has posted updates about science experiments happening aboard the space station and even put on a press conference promoting the first privately crewed mission to the ISS, which is scheduled for later this month. But behind the scenes, the US is racing to figure out what an ISS without Russia might look like. One company, Northrop Grumman, has already volunteered to build a propulsion system that would replace Russias, and Elon Musk has suggested on Twitter that SpaceX could help too.

These efforts might keep the ISS up and running without Russia for a few years, but the space station wont be around forever. NASA still plans to vacate the ISS by the end of the decade, at which point it will be slowly deorbited over a remote part of the Pacific Ocean, clearing the way for new space stations to take its place. This includes Chinas Tiangong space station; Tiangongs first module launched into orbit last May astronauts already live aboard and the station is supposed to be complete by the end of 2022. The US is also funding several new commercial space stations, and Russia and India both plan to launch their own national space stations in the coming decade. Because these stations will generally be under the purview of one specific country, they probably wont be as catholic as the ISS is.

Some of Russias near-term plans in space havent been affected by its ongoing war with Ukraine, at least for now. Astronaut Mark Vande Hei, for instance, is still scheduled to travel back to the Earth on Russias Soyuz vehicle at the end of this month, along with two cosmonauts. Russia and the US are collaborating on training sessions, NASA said on Monday. The agency is also working on plans to carry cosmonaut Anna Kikina on SpaceXs Crew Dragon later this year. But other aspects of Russias space agenda are now up in the air, and possibly signal Roscosmoss new approach.

For one, deteriorating relations between Europe and Russia have already impacted their work in space: The European Space Agency (ESA) which represents 22 European countries has issued a statement recognizing sanctions against Russia. In response, Roscosmos has delayed the launches of several satellites at Europes spaceport in French Guiana that were supposed to use Russias Soyuz rocket. Separately, the Russian space agency is also in a standoff with the UK over plans to launch into orbit 36 satellites from the satellite internet company OneWeb. Roscosmos was supposed to deliver these satellites (again using Soyuz) on March 4, but is now refusing to do so unless the UK sells its stake in the company and promises that the satellites wont be used by its military. The UK, which has declared its own sanctions against Russia, has said its not willing to negotiate.

Plans for missions that will go deeper into outer space are also changing. Days after Russia attacked Ukraine, Romania announced that it would join the Artemis Accords. Fifteen other countries, including Poland and Ukraine, have already signed on to the NASA-led set of principles, which are meant to guide how countries explore outer space. And although Roscosmos was supposed to send a robot to Mars sometime this year alongside the ESA, officials say these plans are now very unlikely. Rogozin has also announced Russia will bar the US from its eventual plan to send a mission to Venus. Rocosmoss Rogozin, for what its worth, has previously suggested that Venus is a Russian planet.

We dont yet know how Russias war with Ukraine might impact its collaboration with Chinas space program, the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA). In the past few years, the two countries space agencies have developed wide-ranging plans to work together in space, including an effort to build a base on the moon. It isnt surprising that CMSA would work with Roscosmos over NASA. The US has largely excluded China from its work in space: A 2011 US law bars NASA from collaborating with Chinas space agency, and no astronaut from China has ever visited the ISS. This prohibition is a reminder that the ISS has never been as international as its name implies, and has also given CMSA ample reason to build a sophisticated space program on its own.

But that doesnt mean that Russia and Chinas space relations are a sure bet. While Roscosmoss Rogozin has argued that Roscosmos can sidestep sanctions by buying space technology from China, theres reason to believe that might not happen. China hasnt quite backed Russias invasion of Ukraine; it may be wary of getting on the wrong side of sanctions. India, which agreed to collaborate with Russia in space at the end of last year, might also reconsider its relationship with Russias space program for the same reasons.

Its not yet clear how much this might matter to Russia. Again, Roscosmos has plans to build its own national space station, which it aims to complete in 2025, and the Russian space agency has already started work on the stations first core module. Then theres the fact that Russia was a leader in the space race long before it started working with the ISS.

And theres always the possibility that Roscosmos comes around and reconciles with NASA. After all, the Soviet Union and the US did try to work together in space throughout the Cold War even as the two countries also tried to outdo each other, explains Teasel Muir-Harmony, the curator of the Apollo collection at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum.

Theres always been the combination of both competition and cooperation in space between the US and Russia, said Muir-Harmony. It waxes and wanes. Its a fascinating thing.

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Russias war against Ukraine has reached the ISS - Vox.com

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The International Space Station (ISS) has helped expand our knowledge of the universe, fostered the birth of the space industry, and led the international community's scientific collaboration.

"The International Space Station is a beacon of peaceful international scientific collaboration and for more than 20 years has returned enormous scientific, educational, and technological developments to benefit humanity," said NASA administrator Bill Nelson.

But its days are nevertheless numbered. Like all space exploration missions, the ISS has a lifespan which is gradually nearing its end.

NASA's station, which weighs 419,725 kilograms, will be redirected and brought into the atmosphere so it can crash land in the middle of the ocean by January 2031, according to Sky News.

NASA announced that President Joe Biden has committed to keeping the ISS running until 2030.

"Extending operations through 2030 will continue another productive decade of research advancement and enable a seamless transition of capabilities in low-Earth orbit to one or more commercially owned and operated destinations in the late 2020s," NASA said in a statement.

According to Sky, the ISS lifespan has been increased to 2030 to allow the private sector to develop the necessary technology.

The report also says that NASA confirmed to the US Congress that it will keep at least a couple of its astronauts on these privately-owned space stations.

The ISS typically orbits at an altitude of about 253 miles in low Earth orbit and takes between 90 and 93 minutes to complete one orbit of Earth, making about 16 orbits per day, depending on the altitude it's at.

By January 2031, NASA plans to slowly lower the ISS into the atmosphere, where the increasing density of the atmosphere will increase air resistance.

The speed of the structure will also create a lot of heat, which may cause it to begin to break up.

This is why NASA is aiming to crash the ISS into the middle of the ocean. The location that NASA is aiming for is Point Nemo, in the south Pacific Ocean.

Point Nemo is the furthest point on Earth from any land, and this has led it to become a "space cemetery," according to Interesting Engineering.

There are a number of external factors that may affect the ISS's controlled descent for example, according to Sky, high solar activity could cause the ISS to miss its landing point.

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NASA plans to crash the International Space Station into the ocean - Business Insider

They pinky swear they won't act like kids in a candy shop. Bothering Astronauts

We can all heave huge sighs of relief knowing that the space tourists who are part of the first all-private mission to the International Space Station have vowed not to irritate the actual astronauts onboard the station.

During a briefing about the upcoming mission by private spaceflight company Axiom Space, former NASA astronaut and mission commander Michael Lpez-Alegra said that he plans to make sure his crew doesnt disrupt the stations existing crew members once there.

Were super sensitive to that, and we think thats a very good example to be setting for future crews, Lpez-Alegra said during the livestreamed press conference. Everybody on the crew is very dedicated, very committed, very professional in this, and we really are taking this very, very seriously.

Its not tourism, he argued, implying the Ax-1 crew is traveling to the ISS to do some serious science, not to go on a very expensive holiday in orbit a matter that is clearly up for some debate.

Axiom Space CEO Michael Suffredini agreed, adding that the crew will be busy conducting research of their own and wont paste their nose on the window.

Having spent a considerable amount of time on board the space station himself, Lpez-Alegras promises have at least someweight behind them.

But that doesnt mean the introduction of civilian outsiders wont be adding to an already chaotic situation on board the ISS. Russian cosmonauts and American astronauts are currently cooped up together in space while their countries are locked in political conflict back on Earth.

Nevertheless, Lpez-Alegra promised members of his crew will be the standard bearers and set the bar very, very high during the first consumer space flight of its kind.

Hopefully they wont irritate the professionals too much, because lets be honest they have more than enough on their plates already.

More on the Axiom Space mission: Man Getting Paid to Fly Rich Guys to Space Says Dont Worry, Theyre Not Just Idle Tourists

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Space Tourists Promise Not to Annoy Astronauts While on Space Station - Futurism