Category Archives: Post Human

Northern Kenya is the embodiment of the precariousness of a post-colonial nation-state.Both the colonial and the post-independence governments neglected the region, leaving it completely underdeveloped compared to the rest of Kenya, a situation American writer Negley Farson described as one half of Kenya, about which the other half knows nothing and seems to care even less [about].

The colonialists referred to the inhabitants as the hostile tribes and as the relationship between the rest of Kenya and the north became fraught, the region attempted to secede immediately after Kenyas independence, a step that set the tone for the way the area was governed post-independence closed and ignored.

Independent Kenya adopted the methods of the colonial administration and continued to enact restrictive legislation.Where the colonial administration had passed The Outlying District Ordinance of 1902 and The Special District Ordinance of 1934, the Jomo Kenyatta administration passed the Preservation of Public Security Act of 1964, hot on the heels of the Shifta War. In 1970, the government passed the Indemnity Act that applied to North-Eastern Province (Garissa, Wajir and Mandera) and Isiolo, Marsabit, Tana River and Lamu Districts. The Act immunised the government against any claims for compensation for human rights abuses committed between the 25th of December 1963 and the 1st of December 1967.

The securitisation of the region led to egregious human rights violations by state security agencies. Massacres were committed in Wagalla (Wajir), Malka Mari (Mandera) and Daaba (Isiolo), and people and livestock were confined to restricted areas as part of the strategy to counter the Shifta insurgency. Today, high poverty levels among the Waso Borana are attributed to these events, with communities narrating that any livestock found outside the designated areas was either killed or confiscated and taken away by the military.

Thousands of families escaped to Somalia, only returning in the early 1990s and settling in lower Garbatulla in Isiolo County. To date, some of these people have no Kenyan identification documents, which are vital for access to services such as opening a bank account, MPESA (mobile money) transactions, admission to tertiary education, and travel from rural villages to Isiolo town.

The securitisation of the region led to egregious human rights violations by state security agencies.

Government policy changed with the adoption of Sessional Paper No.8 of 2012 on the National Policy for the Sustainable Development of Northern Kenya and other Arid Lands, which aims to address development imbalances, reduce poverty, manage violent conflict and ethnic strife, address climate challenges and make investments in the livestock markets sector among others.

Isiolo County is referred to as the gateway to northern Kenya. Situated about 285Km from Nairobi, this once sleepy and dusty county now finds itself at the centre of Kenyas development plans.In effect, the government has placed Isiolo at the heart of Kenyas Vision 2030, the countrys new development blueprint for transforming Kenya into a newly industrialised, middle-income country providing a high quality of life for all its citizens by the year 2030.

Vision 2030 is perhaps an antidote to Sessional Paper no. 10 of 1965 on African Socialism and its Application to Planning in Kenya. This first post-independence development plan created a dichotomy of low potential and high potential regions, a logic that placed northern Kenya in the low potential region, with the result that it received little in the form of investment from the government.

The key pillars of Vision 2030 are mega-infrastructure projects, some of which are national and some of which are regional and involve Isiolo County. The county has been selected to host one of the three resort cities planned for northern Kenya and destined to become industrial, economic and tourist hubs. The other two cities will be in Lamu and Turkana. Other flagship projects are the proposed multi-billion-shilling Crocodile Jaw dam on Ewaso Ngiro River on the Laikipia-Isiolo border, which is facing stiff resistance from the local communities and environmentalists due to fears that it will negatively affect over 3.5 million people and wildlife downstream. Other already completed projects are the Isiolo International Airport and the Isiolo-Moyale highway.

Isiolos strategic location makes it a regional transport hub linking northern Kenya to the rest of Kenya and to Sudan, Ethiopia, and Somalia through the multi-billion-shilling Lamu Port-South Sudan-Ethiopia-Transport (LAPSSET) corridor.

While these developments will undoubtedly spur Isiolos growth, they risk causing more conflict unless judiciously executed; the region already experiences ethnic strife, cattle rustling, cross-border conflict, land and boundary conflicts between Isiolo and the neighbouring counties of Meru, Garissa and Wajir, and there is a new simmering boundary tension with Marsabit and Laikipia counties.

The benefits expected to accrue from these investments have heightened tensions between Isiolo and the neighbouring Garissa and Meru counties, with each county laying claim to a road or an area. The likelihood of border conflict is therefore high with the planned construction of the US$750 million (KSh81 billion) Horn of Africa Gateway Development Project (HOAGD) formerly the Northern-Eastern Transport Improvement Project (NETIP) which is set to begin this year. Once completed, the road will link Isiolo to Garissa, Wajir and Mandera.

In his report LAPSSET The history and politics of an eastern African megaproject, Adrian J. Browne argues that Kenyas optimism about the LAPSSET project is based on conservative feasibility statistics. According to him, large-scale infrastructure projects could inject between 2% and 3% of GDP into the [Kenyan] economy and even yield higher growth rates of between 8 and 10 per cent of GDP when fully operational. Such growth would be a game-changer and could transition Kenya into a middle-income country.

However, these projects have a dual impact on the community. First, for the pastoral communities whose livelihoods depend on uninhibited mobility of livestock and humans, these projects will interfere with their migration corridors. Secondly, these projects are being undertaken on land that has been taken away from the pastoralist communities, in some cases, on land that pastoralists use for grazing in times of acute drought.

While these developments will undoubtedly spur Isiolos growth, they risk causing more conflict unless judiciously executed.

The 6,500 acres of land at Kipsing Gap sandwiched between Katim Hill and Ol Doinyo Degishu Hill about 20 kilometres west of Isiolo town, is where the multi-billion-shilling resort city will be established. However, the Kipsing Corridor is the area the communities fall back on during periods of drought.

Speculative land buying in anticipation of the large-scale infrastructure projects could potentially displace the local people. Large-scale infrastructure projects are also the source of fierce contestation between the local communities and even spiteful remarks between the countys political leaders, with each claiming a section of the area where they believe a project will be implemented. Isiolo leaders have also claimed that they have little or no information about the project.

The Northern Rangelands Trust (NRT)-led conservation model is a hotly and passionately debated issue in Isiolo. Supporters of wildlife conservation argue that conservancies attract tourism and create employment opportunities for community members, improve security, expand the livestock market, and preserve open green spaces to create world-class recreation facilities.

Those opposed to conservancies challenge the prominence given to wildlife over pastoralism, and express fears over bio-piracy and the loss of potential grazing land. They also cite the risk of increased conflict, and the replacement of traditional resource governance institutions such as Deedha with ineffective structures.

The influence of the conservation sector is so entrenched within the political leadership such that government officials from the criminal justice system to the interior ministry are appointed to the NRT board, a move that is designed to legitimise its operations. Noordin Haji, Kenyas Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) has been proposed to sit on the NRT board, which is also scouting for a representative from the Ministry of Interior and Coordination of National Government.

Other individuals proposed to sit on the NRT board are Mbuvi Ngunze, the former CEO and Group Managing Director of Kenya Airways, Dr Betty Addero Radier, CEO, Kenya Tourism Board (KTB); Dr Julius Kipngetich, former Director and CEO, Kenya Wildlife Services (KWS); and Jarso Mokku, a respected Elder from Isiolo and the current CEO of Drylands Learning and Capacity Building Initiative (DLCI).

Mathew Brown, Managing Director the Nature Conservancy, Africa Division; Flora and Fauna International senior Director Joana Elliot; Mike Watson, CEO Lewa Wildlife Conservancy; and Kenya Forest Service, CEO Julius Kamau have also been Proposed to sit on the NRT board.

To entrench its existence further, the NRT is also suspected of having sponsored a deformed bill, the Isiolo County Community Conservancies Bill 2021, which was hurriedly formulated and adopted without public participation.

The Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) was established in 1989 to conserve and manage wildlife. However, the NRT has grown in influence, outstripping the KWS through donor funding; the organisation has taken the lead in shaping Kenyas wildlife conservation policies.

The NRT claims on its website to be a grassroots conservation outfit, building peace and conserving the natural environment. However, local communities in Isiolo blame the organisation for using the dreaded and well-trained 9-1 and 9-2 conservancy rangers to support Samburu raiders during inter-community conflict. An unpublished 2019 report produced by Waso Borana Professionals (WBP), Errant Natives and the Borana Council of Elders (BCE) provides details of documented gross human rights violations, unfulfilled promises, and compromised livelihoods due to loss of strategic water points and grazing lands.

Local communities in Isiolo blame the NRT for using the dreaded and well-trained 9-1 and 9-2 conservancy rangers to support Samburu raiders during inter-community conflict.

Deadly and violent conflict has been a feature of the region for decades, the feuding often driven by conflict over pasture and water and facilitated by easy access to Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW).

But the proposed mega-infrastructure projects have now shifted the focus of conflict to disputes over land and boundaries, an emotive issue that reinforces the deep-rooted sentiments of regional exclusion and inequality.

If Kenya is serious about its development ambitions, the government must walk the talk and redeem itself from the earlier missteps of Sessional Paper Number 10 of 1965, which relegated northern Kenya to the periphery.

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JACQUELINE B. HUSARY - Palestine and the Necessary Evils of Settler Colonialism - The Elephant

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This specific year was marked by every human nightmare you might dread freezing temperatures, famine, drought and plagues upon plague

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In 1347 CE, the Black Death had settled upon Afro-Eurasia and went on to kill as many as 200 million people around the world.

The Spanish Flu of 1918 wrecked the lives of 500 million people in a world still recovering from the devastation of the First World War.

The years of the Holocaust have been deemed by many to be one of the darkest periods in human history.

Some may even say 2020, the year the COVID-19 pandemic began, should join the ranks of the worst years in human history. The pandemic has since killed over three million people worldwide.

However researchers say human civilization went through a year much worse than any of these events, a year they say was the worst-ever to be alive 536 CE.

To most people, its a relatively obscure year. It marked the 10th year of Byzantine rule, under the emperor Justinian The Great, and apart from the constant struggles for more power among the world rulers at the time, there wasnt much going on that that would be politically interesting.

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Meteorological experts, however, would beg to differ.

At the time, a mysterious fog began to cloud the skies of Europe, the Middle East and parts of Asia, a fog so dense and dark that it blocked sunlight for a year-and-a-half.

And it came about during this year that a most dread portent took place, wrote Byzantine historian Procopius, For the sun gave forth its light without brightness, likethe moon, during this whole year, and it seemed exceedingly like the sun in eclipse, for the beams it shed were not clear nor such as it is accustomed to shed.

In turn, the diminished sunlight set off a series of cataclysmic events that took human civilization at least 100 years to recover from, until 640 CE, researchers found in a study published in 2018.

Temperatures drastically fell, beginning one of the coldest decades in the past 2,300 years, medieval historian Michael McCormick told Science Magazine.

Chinas summer was marked by snow and crop failure. The Irish could not grow wheat for bread for the next three years.

Drought and famine spread everywhere. And then in 541, the first plague pandemic struck Pelusium, a Roman port in Egypt. Named the Plague of Justinian, it would continue until 750 or 767 and be followed by another 15 or 18 major waves of plague.

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It was the beginning of one of the worst periods to be alive, if not the worst year, Michael McCormick, a Harvard University archaeologist told Science Magazine.

Historians long knew about this period in the sixth century, since called the Dark Ages, but not until 2018 were they able to figure out what caused it to happen.

According to McCormick, it was a catastrophic volcanic eruption in Iceland that spewed ash across the Northern Hemisphere in 536 CE. Two more massive eruptions would follow in 540 and 547 CE.

Scientists stumbled upon the answer by analyzing ice cores in Colle Gnifetti glacier on the border between Switzerland and Italy. The layers of ice deposits in the core are a valuable resource to archaeologists because each layer can provide information about what was happening in the atmosphere at the time.

Researchers found that around the years of 536 and 540 CE, quantities of ash and debris had been deposited into the ice, signalling large volcanic events during the time.

But by 640 CE, they noticed a encouraging sign in the ice lead, indicating that humans had begun to mine and smelt silver from lead ore.

This unambiguously shows that, alongside any residual pool of Roman bullion and imported metal, new mining facilitated the production of the last post-Roman gold coins debased with increasing amounts of silver and the new silver coinages that replaced them,the researchers wrote in their study.

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The worst year to be alive in human history? It's not what you think - National Post

Human remains were found in the stomachs of two black bears suspected of killing a woman in southwestern Colorado, state wildlife officials said.

The 39-year-old woman was found dead on Friday in Durango, and bear scat and hair was found at the scene. Officials later found three bears -- a mother and her two yearling bears -- near the woman's mauled body and euthanized them to keep them from attacking humans again, said Cory Chick, Colorado Parks and Wildlife Southwest Region manager.

A Colorado Parks and Wildlife pathologist who performed necropsies on the three bears said nothing looked abnormal -- all three bears were healthy, with adequate fat stores and no signs of disease, according to a news release from the agency.

But two of the bears -- the mother and one of the yearlings -- had human remains in their stomachs, the wildlife agency said.

It's not clear yet why the bears consumed human remains, but bears can grow aggressive if humans are "in the way" of their food sources, Chick said.

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"Bears will return to a food source over and over," Chick said in the release. "A bear that loses its fear of humans is a dangerous animal. And this sow was teaching its yearlings that humans were a source of food, not something to fear and avoid."

The La Plata County coroner's office will identify the remains found in the bears and conduct an autopsy on the woman found last week. CNN has reached out to the coroner's office for more information and is waiting to hear back.

Bear attacks on humans are extremely rare in Colorado -- the only recorded fatal attacks happened in 1971, 1993 and 2009, according to Colorado Parks and Wildlife.

CNN's Melissa Alonso, Leslie Perrot and Alaa Elassar contributed to this report.

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Wildlife officials find human remains in bears suspected of killing a woman in Colorado - Gwinnettdailypost.com

Officials said four people were killed in alleged clashes between Trinamool and BJP supporters.

The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) ordered a spot inquiry following reports of post-poll violence from several districts in West Bengal.

The state was in the throes of widespread violence on Monday that allegedly left several BJP workers dead and injured in clashes, and shops being looted, prompting the centre to seek a factual report from the government on incidents of attack on opposition workers.

Officials said four people were also killed in alleged clashes between Trinamool and BJP supporters in Burdwan district on Sunday and Monday.

The Trinamool claimed three of them were its supporters.

The NHRC said it has come across several media reports published in newspapers on Tuesday regarding the death of some people in the alleged post-poll violence in West Bengal on Monday.

Political workers allegedly clashed with each other, party offices were torched down and some homes were ransacked and valuables also looted, the body said.

District administration and local law and order enforcement agencies appear not to have acted to stop such violation of human rights of the affected persons, it noted.

"Considering as a fit case of alleged violation of Right to Life of the innocent citizens, the commission has today taken suo-motu cognizance of the matter and has requested its DIG (Investigation) to constitute a team of officers of the Investigation Division of the commission to conduct an on-the-spot fact-finding investigation and to submit a report at the earliest, preferably within two weeks," it said in a statement.

(Except for the headline, this story has not been edited by NDTV staff and is published from a syndicated feed.)

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Rights Body Orders Inquiry After Reports Of Post-Poll Violence In Bengal - NDTV

One of Scotlands leading campaigners against human trafficking has described the hundreds of women helped by her organisation in the past three years as the tip of the iceberg.

Bronagh Andrew, operations manager for Trafficking Awareness Raising Alliance (TARA), is calling for the criminalisation of paying for sex in off-street venues, which is not currently illegal in Scotland. She said her group has assisted many women coerced into sexual exploitation in places such as Inverness, and rural Caithness as well as our major cities.

Glasgow-based TARA, which supports victims trafficked for sexual exploitation, has helped 293 women in the past three years alone.

Andrew said: I have been involved in supporting trafficked women since 2004 and theres been an increase more or less year-on-year.

A lot of people think it only happens abroad or in big cities, but there have been victims identified in every one of Scotlands local authorities. Its an issue in our towns and cities, and our rural communities.

Trafficking victims sold into slavery have been identified across Scotland. Three men and a woman, thought to be Romanian, were held after police raids in Blairgowrie, Perthshire, last week in a trafficking probe allegedly linked to fruit-pickers.

Support organisations say women are duped into travelling to Scotland with promises of a better life before being sold into prostitution.

However, Andrew said: Its about Scottish and UK nationals being trafficked and exploited here, as well as people from abroad being brought to the UK.

Where there is an off-street sex industry, there will be women trafficked and hidden in plain sight. We told last month that official UK figures showed there were 387 people feared trafficked here last year alone, a four-fold increase in under a decade.

Andrew said: The official statistics are the tip of the iceberg. They dont reflect the people who are in situations of exploitation in Scotland right now and have not been able to seek help.

If you are in a situation of exploitation, help is available 24/7 from organisations like ourselves, Migrant Help and the police.

The women we support are often survivors of childhood abuse and child trafficking. They are then subjected to abuse at the hands of Scottish men willing to pay for sex. They suffer trauma after being abused on a daily basis.

We have supported women from teenage years to their 60s. Men who pay for sex are responsible for creating this market. We support the criminalisation of paying for sex, but think this can only happen when theres action to prevent exploitation, and services to help get the women involved out of prostitution.

Kirsty Thomson, of human rights lawyers JustRight Scotland, which operates a dedicated anti-trafficking unit, said: The reality is that human trafficking is happening throughout Scotland and survivors tell me it is happening in plain sight.

We need increased awareness so that people can see when human trafficking is happening in order that more people can be protected.

The Scottish Government said trafficking human beings was an appalling abuse of human rights and added work had begun to ensure it was recognised, recorded and punished and that victims get the help they need.

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Human trafficking warning: It's happening today, right now, in every city and every town - The Sunday Post

Gov. Brian Kemp and his wife, First Lady Marty Kemp, traveled to Buford Tuesday morning to send a message that Georgia will take a stand against human trafficking.

The governor signed three anti-human trafficking bills Senate Bills 33 and 34 and House Bill 287 into law during a ceremony at Home of Hope at Gwinnett Childrens Shelter. The star of the show, however, may have been the first lady, whose anti-trafficking GRACE Commissions work led to some of the changes included in the bills.

Today, as Brian signs SB 33, SB 34 and HB 287, we continue to send that message that there is no place for human trafficking in this great state of Georgia, Marty Kemp said.

Combating human trafficking has been a major focus of the first lady and her GRACE Commission, which stands for Georgians for Refuge, Action, Compassion and Education Commission. She said it first came to her attention earlier on in her husbands tenure as governor, when they attended a press conference where 72 school buses were lined up to represent 3,600 kids who are taken into human trafficking each year in Georgia.

The average age of a victim is 12 to 14, she said.

The governor said human trafficking represents a theft of innocence and opportunity, which requires decisive action from the state. Addressing the support side for victims is a needed part of that fight, he said.

A lot of people forget the fact that, in the fight against human trafficking and putting an end to it is the support for victims part of it, so this was another effort to not only go after perpetrators also to support the victims, the governor said.

He also said trafficking is happening in a wide range of places in Georgia, from metro Atlanta counties such as Gwinnett and Clayton counties, to rural Georgia counties such as Clay County.

There is no prejudice when it comes to human trafficking, Kemp said.

He praised Home of Hope officials for their part in helping children who have been the victims of human trafficking.

As we stand before you today, we know that Gwinnett County is one of the main hubs for human trafficking in our state and the folks here at (Home) of Hope are on the front lines of this fight every single day, and were just incredibly grateful for all of your efforts, the governor said.

But, this problem is not just singular to the metro Atlanta region. In fact, we know its happening in communities in every corner of our state, so we cannot waste time, we cannot ignore what we know is happening all around us and we must take action.

Home of Hope Executive Director Maureen Kornowa said the shelter was pleased to take part in the bill signing event, adding that all aspects of Georgias communities must be involved in the fight against human trafficking.

It is important that we all come together in collaboration to take care of our most vulnerable population, and so were honored to host this very important signing ceremony today to further impact the future success of victims of trafficking, Kornowa said.

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State Sen. Clint Dixon, R-Buford, filed both Senate bills. He said Senate Bill 33 allows victims of human trafficking to file a civil suit against their perpetrator, or anyone else who benefited financially from them being trafficked.

Victims of human trafficking have 10 years after they gain their freedom or 10 years after they turn 18 if they were a minor when they were a human trafficking victim to file the lawsuit.

Dixon also said Senate Bill 34 allows a person who has been the victim of human trafficking who have escaped to have the records of a name change, if they chose to change it, sealed by the courts to prevent their perpetrators from finding them.

And, House Bill 287 deals with awareness programs that schools must teach to students. Although it primarily deals with adding tobacco and vapor products to the list of mandate alcohol and drug awareness education programs, it also mandates schools must teach human trafficking awareness to middle and high school students.

State Rep. Bonnie Rich, R-Suwanee, authored that bill and State Sen. Kay Kirkpatrick, R-Marietta, worked on the anti-human trafficking piece in it after meeting with members of a Girl Scout troop who wanted to raise awareness of the issue.

One thing people dont realize is how big these rings are, Dixon said. They think its an individual or a small group, but its actually a larger group that would, in many cases, encompass a hotel or a motel thats involved either directly or indirectly. Sometimes, (it involves) a trucking or some type of transportation group that theyll have in the ring and then the ring is actually operating in the community, out recruiting people in or whatnot.

Over 50% of people that are trafficked, they know their perpetrator. Either its a relative, friend, boyfriend (or) girlfriend.

Dixon said he was pleased to see the governor sign the bills into law.

We got a lot of bipartisan support with it, he said. Of course there were some folks in certain industries that pushed back a little bit because they felt like most of the folks in their industry, which is true, were upright business folks (and) there were just a few bad actors and they were concerned repercussions.

But the way (Senate Bill 33 is) written, most of it mirrors a federal statute.

Georgias first lady said the bill signing Tuesday was not the end of the effort against human trafficking. There will be a continued effort to combat trafficking through legislation in upcoming legislative sessions.

With these important initiatives, we can continue taking important steps to end modern day slavery and ensure that our state is a safe haven for those who have been victimized, Marty Kemp said. I want every every Georgian, and the perpetrators of this evil industry to hear me loud and clear: These are only the most recent steps in the ongoing fight to end human trafficking, and certainly not our last.

As more and more Georgians join us in this important mission, we will continue to make lasting change in our state, by giving a voice to the voiceless, supporting victims and bringing justice to the criminals who support this sinister enterprise. We will continue to shine a bright light on a dark place and change lives for the better.

Duluth celebrated Derby Day this past Saturday, hosting a viewing party for the Kentucky Derby on the Town Green that included a best-dressed competition. Click for more.

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Gov. Brian Kemp signs anti-human trafficking bills into law during visit to Home of Hope in Buford - Gwinnettdailypost.com

Last year, the V.A. started a new social prescription program, called Compassionate Contact Corps. Originally a home visitation program, it was restarted as a teleservice for veterans experiencing loneliness and social isolation when the pandemic hit. About 1,000 veterans are participating in the program, which involves phone or video calls with trained volunteers and requires a referral from the veterans medical care team.

Veterans we werent able to reach with the in-home program, we are able to reach with the phone buddy program, said Prince Taylor, deputy director for the V.A.s Center for Development and Civic Engagement. Overwhelmingly, the veterans who have participated in this program tell us it is helping them.

But how, exactly? And can the outcomes of social prescribing be accurately measured? I would not have any hesitation saying that socialization is an important aspect of health, said the Cleveland Clinic neurologist Marwan Sabbagh, director of translational research at the clinics Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health in Las Vegas. But the quantification is something that needs to be done in a way that would be universally accepted. We can measure things like memory and cognition, but Im not familiar with ways we can clinically capture or quantify social isolation.

He added that researchers in other disciplines the social sciences, for example might have tools to help with this and could play a role in the future of developing social prescription protocols in the United States.

The authors of a recent New England Journal of Medicine article on the British social prescription model agree that better assessment methods are needed. While calling the implications of social prescribing profound, they noted that physicians need reliable information on what interventions work best and for whom and how social prescription can best be integrated into conventional medical practice.

Some see this as linked to a larger shift in medicine toward a more holistic approach. We have to remember, said Dr. Kasaraneni, people dont come to us with a list of medical problems; they come with a life, and a life that may have medical issues but also social and emotional issues.

Other doctors say that social prescribing may become the norm in the United States sooner than later. I think the pandemic has really opened up the door for this kind of thing, said Dr. Malissa J. Wood, co-director of the Corrigan Womens Heart Health Program at the Massachusetts General Hospital Heart Center. Dr. Wood has used structured support groups as part of community programs she designed to improve the cardiovascular health of low-income, high-risk women.

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Doctors Harness the Power of Human Connections - The New York Times

Credit: Courtesy of Thomas Courtney

If you asked me two years ago which student owned a guinea pig named Max or eight dogs, I am certain I could not have told you. But now I can. Its strange to be in a position where we see so much of our students lives through a computer screen, and yet also feel so disconnected from the students and the families we serve. Now, as schools and their communities seek to re-establish these relationships, state and district leaders are considering how to spend tax dollars for this very purpose. How can we best do it?

Years ago, I was a part of a faculty that needed to re-establish ties with our community. Here at Chollas-Mead Elementary, a Title 1 school where 93% of our students are considered economically disadvantaged, we decided to create ties that were in a word fun. In doing so, Chollas-Mead went from empty open houses to packed celebrations of all kinds, and many of our teachers have become both teacher and school parent, me included. The lessons we learned then can help any school in California now figure out how to spend money in ways that work to reconnect schools with their communities.

How did we connect? For me, it started with a plate of potato salad the summer my own child was about to begin kindergarten.

That July, my wife and I received an email from our sons soon-to-be kindergarten teacher at a local charter school. Was there a problem?

Just the opposite. The email announced a pre-kindergarten play date at the park. Families were invited to come, meet one another and have a potluck. Never having heard about such a thing at the school where I taught, I stood agape while parents around me socialized, my son and his new soon-to-be classmates laughing all around us.

What I saw that afternoon fundamentally changed my teaching.

Holding my plate of potato salad, I stared as parents scheduled new play dates with one another. They discussed school programs and figured out carpools.

Classmates began their school careers as friends. Back-to-School Night featured more good-to-see-yous than nice-to-meet-yous. Parents knew the names of children, and children knew the names of parents, many of whom would serve as classroom volunteers because they felt welcome.

Returning to my own classroom that year, I picked up my roster from the office and studied my students names. Their ID numbers. Their genders. Their first and last names. A mark that designated if they had asthma. I knew then that things were going to change, but I had no idea how I would change, too.

The following year, at my first ever Ice Cream and Library Night event, the students selected Epic Bulldogs as a class name, met tutors, and their families laughed together at the neighborhoods favorite heladera. I stood this time holding a pistachio paleta, watching as the magic unfolded around me.

That year, I had perfect parental attendance at Back-to-School Night, where we played Ice Breaker Bingo. The same thing happened at parent-teacher conferences.

Courtesy: Thomas Courtney

A proud parent takes photos during a student assembly at Chollas-Mead Elementary School near San Diego.

Each month, I created an optional classroom event, making sure it was fun enough that my own children would want to attend. I figured if theyd go, so would my families. I was right.

Courtesy: Thomas Courtney

A student embraces Mr. Jeff Smith, a volunteer karate instructor with the Dolphin Defender program at Chollas-Mead.

Twelve years later, Mr. Courtneys Star Night is a tradition. So is Ice Skating Night, Opera Night, Gardening Sunday at the EarthLab and the End of Year Fishing and Barbecue at Chollas Lake. Then came the Dolphin Defenders Karate Program and the Dolphin Splash newspaper.

I had transformed my teaching and my class. Meanwhile, our incredible principal transformed our school. Under her leadership, Chollas-Mead Elementary began to host packed talent shows, winter celebrations, cocoa with Santa, daughter or son dances, movie nights, sports events at recess with cheering parents, and family Fridays. Our principal, listening to her community while her husband grilled hot dogs, brought back assemblies, art, theater and music programs. On Power Tuesdays, second and third graders even learned how to walk the tightrope with the Fern Street Circus.

Welcome side effects emerged among the students schoolwide, just as I had seen in my classroom: They worked together and stayed on task; more completed their in-class assignments and homework; they were engaged in school, and their parents participated in their childrens education. Student academic achievement test scores in both math and reading rose.

The elements that make a successful classroom and a strong community were there all along; we just hadnt been listening to the experts our families.

What builds bridges with parents.

What creates barriers to parental participation.

As this pandemic recedes, we certainly will need to allocate money to reinvigorate, revitalize and reconnect our school communities. But we also needto create authentic opportunities for our families and teachers to reacquaint themselves. These moments shouldnt be done in a transactional space that forgets we are all human. This is a fundamental truth at Chollas-Mead Elementary. At our school, involving our parents with their childs education starts with the word fun.

Thomas Courtney isthe San Diego Unified School District Teacher of the Year, a Teach Plus, California, Senior Policy Fellow, and a fifth grade teacher at Chollas-Mead Elementary school. Both his son and daughter have attended Chollas-Mead due in part to the positive climate staff have created there.

The opinions in this commentary are those of the author. If you would like to submit a commentary, please review ourguidelinesandcontact us.

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COMMENTARY: What to remember as we reconnect post-pandemic with student families - EdSource

PORT MOODY, B.C. Police say a search for a missing person has turned into a homicide investigation after human remains found in Hope, B.C., were identified.

The Integrated Homicide Investigation Team says in a statement that human remains found March 29 are those of Trina Hunt.

The Port Moody woman, 48, had been missing since Jan. 18.

Police say foul play is suspected.

The remains were found in the area south of Silver Creek in Hope and the circumstances were deemed suspicious.

Homicide investigators say theyre working with officers at the Port Moody Police Department to further the investigation.

The missing person investigation of Trina Hunt has now transitioned into a case of homicide, Sgt. Frank Jang says in the statement.

As this is an active and ongoing investigation, there will be no further details provided at this time.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published May 1, 2021.

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Foul play suspected after human remains identified as missing B.C. woman - National Post

Oxfam America, a nonprofit organization, said in a statement: We are relieved that the Biden administration has, after a long and unnecessary delay, kept its promise to raise the refugee admissions cap for this year to 62,500.

The back-and-forth about the refugee program is the latest turn in the presidents struggle to deal with the immigration system.

On his first day in office, Mr. Biden proposed a comprehensive overhaul of the nations immigration laws and issued a number of executive orders aimed at rolling back Mr. Trumps policies. But after about 100 days, immigration legislation still has not advanced in Congress. And for weeks, Mr. Biden delayed raising refugee admissions, despite a plea from his own secretary of state, Antony J. Blinken, to make good on his commitment.

The administration has also had to defend its response to a surge of migrants at the border with Mexico, even as Mr. Biden has continued to rely on a Trump-era health rule to rapidly turn away many migrants from entering the United States without providing them a chance to apply for asylum. The administration has said the rule is necessary to prevent the spread of the coronavirus.

The presidents Republican critics have seized on the issue as a political weapon, accusing Mr. Biden of making poor policy choices that opened the floodgates to illegal immigration during a pandemic.

The administration, however, has made progress in safely processing migrant children and teenagers out of border detention facilities and into temporary shelters. While more than 5,000 minors were stuck in facilities run by the Border Patrol in March, on Monday, the administration recorded roughly 600 minors in such jail-like facilities.

White House officials have urged migrants not to come to the United States now, but have promised that Mr. Biden will work to increase legal opportunities to live, work and visit the United States. Eleanor Acer, the director of refugee protection at Human Rights First, said the president must continue to do that.

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In Another Reversal, Biden Raises Limit on Number of Refugees Allowed Into the U.S. - The New York Times