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Do donors have too much influence over universities? – University World News

Posted: April 25, 2021 at 2:13 pm

NORTH AMERICA

For this University of Toronto (UT) law professor as well as for Vincent Wong, a Toronto lawyer and former lecturer at the universitys law school, Exhibit A for undue donor influence is not the expected perk of naming of a building as it is in so many American colleges and universities which have accepted gifts with strings attached from foundations such as Charles Koch Foundation.

Rather, it is the controversy the dean of the faculty of law, Edward Iacobucci, touched off in early September 2020 when he set aside the unanimous recommendation of the hiring committee (which Wong served on) that Dr Valentina Azarova be offered the directorship of the universitys International Human Rights Program (IHRP).

Students and teachers at UT demanded her reinstatement after claims that the offer was rescinded by management due to her work on human rights abuses in the occupied Palestinian territories and Israel, and that the decision allegedly was made under pressure from Tax Court of Canada Judge David E Spiro, whose family had donated CA$10 million (US$8 million) to the universitys medical schools.

To quell the row, Iacobucci turned to retired Supreme Court of Canada justice, Thomas Cromwell, to look into it.

According to both Raume and Wong, Cromwells report, which was released on 29 March 2021, hardly supports his assertion that I would not draw the inference that external influence played any role in the decision to discontinue the recruitment of the Preferred Candidate, Cromwells rather twee way of referring to Azarova, even though she had been identified in the press.

On 4 September 2019, spurred by an e-mail from the Centre for Israel and Jewish Affairs that said Azarova was academically unworthy and that her appointment could lead to a public protest campaign [that] will do major damage to the university, including in fundraising, Judge Spiro wrote to the assistant vice president responsible for donor stewardship, whom Wong believes to be Chantelle Courtney.

Both Raume and Wong dismiss the slur against the University of Manchester international law scholar who has written extensively on the Palestine/Israel issue.

Over the next few hours, Spiros message was relayed up the ladder to the law schools assistant dean of alumni and development, the dean of the Juris Doctor programme and, finally, to Dean Iacobucci. As Wong told University World News, not one of these university officials replied that hiring decisions were confidential and strictly internal affairs.

Despite Iacobuccis instructions that there be no further communication with Spiro, early in the afternoon of 4 September, Courtney wrote to the Alumnus (Cromwells locution for Spiro, even though his name had been widely reported in the press, especially after he became the subject of a complaint before the Canadian Judicial Council in October 2020 alleging that the Tax Court judge had breached the ethical guidelines; a formal inquiry is ongoing).

According to Cromwell, Courtney wrote: Quick update understand from [the Dean] that no decisions have been made in the matter discussed. Ive communicated the points discussed and he will connect w[sic] me next week. Look forward to closing the loop w[sic] you.

A few days later, Iacobucci announced that negotiations with Azarova had ended and that he was dissolving the search committee and starting the search again. The deans reason, that the university and Azarova had not been able to agree on whether she would spend the summers in Toronto, surprised Wong, who had been told by another member of the committee that negotiations were proceeding apace.

Upping the ante on Cromwells assertion that there was no smoking gun that would allow him to find that the Alumnus had influenced the decision not to hire Azarova, Raume says: You dont have to watch murder mysteries on television to know that [the question of where Azarova would spend the summers] usually set off alarm bells in the detectives head.

The controversy led to a series of resignations at the university, including Law Professor Audrey Macklin, who resigned from the faculty advisory board she had chaired and which had supported the hiring committee in its unanimous finding that Azarova was the best candidate for the position. The committee told Iacobucci that Azarovas writings on Israel were well within the zone of professional legal studies.

Wong also resigned from his position as a researcher at the IHRP so that he could speak out.

More than 100 IHRP students and alumni sent a letter to Iacobucci, calling for a thorough and public review of donor practices at the law school, as well as of the alleged improper external influence and pressure by, in this case, a member of the judiciary.

For his part, Iacobucci denied that Azarova was offered a job or that outside influence played a part even though she said she was offered it on 11 August and accepted on 19 August 2019, according to the Globe and Mail.

In a letter sent to the faculty of law, Iacobucci said: Even the most basic of the conjectures that are circulating in public, that an offer was made and rescinded, is false, adding that he would never allow outside pressure to be a factor in a hiring decision.

Iacobucci said no offer of employment was made due to legal constraints on cross-border hiring within the timeframe required. Other considerations, including political views for and against any candidate, or their scholarship, were and are irrelevant, he wrote.

However, on 22 April 2021, delegates from the Canadian Association of University Teachers (CAUT) Council voted to censure the University of Toronto the first time it has issued a censure to any university since 2008 because of the administrations failure to resolve concerns regarding academic freedom stemming from the hiring controversy.

When reviewing all the evidence, CAUT Council delegates concluded that the decision to cancel Dr Valentina Azarovas hiring was politically motivated, and as such constitutes a serious breach of widely recognised principles of academic freedom, said CAUT Executive Director David Robinson.

In a close examination of the facts of the case, CAUT Council found it implausible to conclude that the donors call did not trigger the subsequent actions resulting in the sudden termination of the hiring process, noted Robinson. The University of Toronto Administration could have re-offered the still-vacant position of director of the International Human Rights Program (IHRP) to Dr Azarova.

Ohio State University political philosopher Emma Saunders-Hastings, author of the forthcoming Private Virtues, Public Vices: Philanthropy and Democratic Equality, believes that while the University of Toronto case is interesting because it looks like a particularly obvious case of donor influence in short-circuiting a decision that had already been made by other people, the case shows more about how influence works within university administrations.

Anyone whos been around a university knows that often influence is much more subtle. It doesnt even have to be the donor exerting influence. There is such a hunger for donations that fundraisers and administrators spend a fair bit of time thinking about what would appeal to donors. How we could better attract donors, she says.

Disinvestment drives donor reliance

Between 1985 and 2019, the percentage of university operating revenues paid for by provincial governments in Canada dropped from 81% to 47%. Similar disinvestment by governments across the United States is one of the main drivers allowing donors such as the Koch family and the foundations it supports, and the Sackler family, to capture entire faculties.

According to Bethany Letiecq, professor of human development and family science at George Mason University in Virginia, the drive to disinvest in higher education dates back to the 1970s when the then-governor of California, Ronald Reagan, pointed to the anti-war and civil rights protests on the campuses of the states universities and said: You know what the problem with universities is, they inspire critique and questioning and demand transparency.

The disinvestment that followed in California and elsewhere opened the door to a different kind of big-money donor than had traditionally existed. The Rockefeller family and foundation cut multimillion dollar cheques to universities and colleges across the country. But once the money had been given, notes Saunders-Hastings, they were pretty hands-off.

The same cannot be said of the Richard and David Sackler family, which owns Purdue Pharma, the company that marketed the opioid OxyContin, the main drug in the opioid crisis; in 2020 Purdue Pharma and the Sacklers agreed to an US$8 billion settlement. The Sacklers are what Saunders-Hastings calls venture philanthropists who believe that since they are giving the money, they should exercise oversight over how the money is spent.

Over the course of several decades, the Sacklers and the company donated US$15 million to Tufts University in Boston.

Internal Revenue Service (IRS) rules stipulate that for a charitable gift to qualify as tax deductible, the donor must relinquish control over the gift and trust that the institution will follow the stipulations in the gift agreement.

For example, a donor can stipulate that a gift be used to research COVID-19 vaccines on children and that the research be done in the United States. A donor cannot, however, say that they want a particular researcher to be part of the programme or direct the outcomes of the research.

When she saw the gift agreement between the Sacklers and Tufts, Audrey Kintzi, executive director of the Philanthropy and Development Program at Saint Marys University of Minnesota and a member of the ethics committee of the Association of Fundraising Professionals, could scarcely believe what she saw.

Yikes!" she said. Who wrote this thing? she asked University World News.

Under the agreement, Purdue Pharma appointed one member of the steering committee of the Pain Research, Education and Policy (PREP) Program, a graduate programme that received US$300,000 per year from 1998 to 2004 and US$500,000 per year for the following three years.

Further blurring the lines, Purdue Pharma was allowed the option to collaborate on Tufts research and to attend Tufts pain management symposia. The company even laid claim to developing curricula for the programme.

In a January 2019 memorandum filed with the states Superior Court, Maura Healey, attorney general for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, summed up the PREP programme as a degree program at Tufts University [designed] to influence doctors to use its [Purdue Pharmas] drugs.

Healey also detailed how, in addition to funding the PREP Program, the Sackler family pursued an intense relationship with the university, one of the fruits of which was the renaming of the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences as the Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences.

According to Healey, Purdue got to control research on the treatment of pain coming out of a prominent and respected institution of learning.

Tufts staff sent the Sackler reports showing how Tufts and its affiliated hospitals helped Purdue develop a publication for patients entitled Taking Control of Your Pain, that touted the benefits of opioids. Healey cited a 2000 memorandum noting the importance of finding opportunities for Purdue to influence the work of Tufts in the Massachusetts medical marketplace and beyond.

Given the cosy relationship between the Sacklers and Tufts Raymond Sackler served on the universitys medical school advisory board for almost 20 years beginning in the late 1990s it seems almost predictable that the gift agreement was written on Purdue Pharma, not Tufts, letterhead.

Nor is it surprising that in his report released in December 2019, Sanford Remz, one of the lawyers Tufts hired to investigate the schools relationship, could not find the usual paper trail that would lead to a gift agreement.

The absence of these records, which should have been electronic, stunned Ann Boyd-Stewart, assistant dean for development and alumni relations at Indiana Universitys Lilly Family School of Philanthropy. She told the Chronicle of Higher Education last year: It cant be that backward, an institution thats been around that long [it was founded in 1852], before asking incredulously, They have no policies in place?

Boyd-Stewart summed up the situation at Tufts as, Look the other way; just get the money.

Indeed, in 2013, six years after Purdue Pharma executives pled guilty to charges brought by the United States Justice Department, Tufts President Anthony Monaco travelled to Purdue Pharmas headquarters in Stamford, Connecticut, to present an honorary doctorate to the very ill Raymond Sackler.

There was money there. Thats why they gave the honorary degree, Boyd-Stewart says.

Even as students militated for it to end, and as state after state sued Purdue Pharma over the opioid crisis, Tufts stubbornly maintained its connection with the Sacklers. Given universities penchant for avoiding controversy, even more surprisingly, Tufts relationship with Purdue Pharma survived the 2017 exposs, published in Esquire and The New Yorker, about how deeply the Sacklers were enmeshed in the university.

Prompted by Remz report, Tufts announced it was severing its links to the Sackler family and Purdue Pharma, and ending the PREP Program this year. Perhaps the most public disavowal of the Sacklers was the image of a man standing on a ladder chiselling Arthur M Sacklers name off the Tufts Medical Center building.

Using wealth to leverage influence

We understand that wealthy folk, billionaires in particular, have always used their wealth to leverage influence, Jasmine Banks, executive director of the public interest research non-profit UnKoch My Campus, told University World News.

Charles Koch and his donor network are, however, unmatched in the level of their impact and influence that is used to capture our common good institutions such as universities.

Koch is an American businessman and philanthropist who this month was ranked the 16th richest person in the world by the Bloomberg Billionaires Index.

According to UnKoch My Campus, between 2005 and 2018, Charles and his brother David and the seven foundations they fund have donated US$344,582,039 to almost 550 colleges and universities, the vast majority of which are in the United States.

Abroad, the Kochs donated to the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, the University of Liechtenstein, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, University of Hong Kong, as well as three in Canada: Carleton University in Ottawa, McGill University in Montreal and University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon.

Founded only in 1972 and thus lacking a large endowment, George Mason University (GMU) in Virginia was particularly susceptible to the Koch brothers money. The lions share of the $100 million was divided between GMUs economics department, which is now dominated by libertarian-leaning economists, and GMU law school's Law and Economics Center, Letiecq says.

Ten million dollars of Koch money and US$20 million from an anonymous donor enticed GMU to rename its law school the Antonin Scalia Law School, commemorating one of the most conservative United States Supreme Court justices in American history, who died in 2016.

The Koch brothers foundation money also bought them seats on the committee that chooses the professorships they fund. UnKoch My Campus found that the professors selected followed the Ayn Rand philosophy of anti-government and unconstrained capitalism.

Rand, it should be noted, is a favourite of wealthy donors who seek undue influence (as well as of former US congressman Ron Paul, who named his son, the present junior and libertarian senator from Kentucky, Rand).

According to Gwendolyn Bradley, senior program officer for the American Association of University Professors: One of the most egregious examples of the past decade involves BB&T Corporation, a banking company, which reportedly made major gifts through its foundation to at least 60 universities, many of them public. ... [Institutions were required] to teach a course on a particular political perspective Objectivism and the morality of capitalism, including Ayn Rands book Atlas Shrugged.

Koch money reaches out from GMU to influence both the federal government in Washington a scant 20 miles away and state governments across the country.

The law schools Law and Economic Center regularly hosts corporate-backed free market educational workshops for federal and state judges and attorneys general.

The Koch-funded Mercatus Center at GMU works with the Koch-funded (but innocuously named) American Legislative Exchange Council and the Institute for Humane Studies (IHS), another Koch-funded institute nestled in GMU, to act as bill mills, which write draft bills such as the infamous bathroom bill that would ban transgendered people from using female washrooms. Republicans at the state level then propose such drafts in the state legislatures.

According to Letiecq, both Mercatus and IHS pay little or no rent to GMU, yet their staff receive university benefits such as tuition waivers. Charles Koch is the chair of the IHS, Koch-funded faculty are members of the board of both Mercatus and IHS and some other members are affiliated with the Charles Koch Foundation.

GMU has virtually no oversight of either corporation, yet both benefit from their affiliation with GMU, which provides them with a veneer of academic and intellectual legitimacy, Letiecq says.

Pouring millions into Republican coffers

Late last November, as then-president Donald Trump and his supporters were spreading the lie that the federal election had been stolen, Charles Koch appeared to take some responsibility for the partisan division he abetted by pouring millions into Republican Party coffers, by stating, Boy, did we screw up.

And yet, at the same time, seven hours up Interstate 95 in Boston, Massachusetts, and notwithstanding the new donor guidelines the Tufts administration was committed to in order to prevent a repeat of the Sackler scandal, Tufts University and the Koch family were readying to announce the opening of the Tufts Center for State Policy Analysis (cSPA), funded by a grant from GMUs Mercatus Center.

The cSPA bills itself as a nonpartisan analytical centre modelled on the Congressional Budget Office. It hardly is, for Charles Koch sits on the board and has influence over hiring decisions.

Indeed, the cSPA resembles other institutes set up by the Koch family. As Banks of UnKoch My Campus notes, referring to the regulatory study centre at GMU, the cSPA will also be full of Koch-funded researchers and also accepts Koch funding and then, surprise, surprise, they are absolutely against meaningful regulation of fossil fuels [the Koch fortune comes from oil and gas].

In fact, the gift establishing the cSPA was not Kochs first major gift to Tufts. Two years earlier, the university received US$3 million to establish the Center for Strategic Studies.

According to the universitys student newspaper, The Tufts Daily, this donation received relatively little backlash because it went to academics deeply sceptical of foreign intervention who made credible-sounding statements about remaining independent.

Letiecq would take a less charitable view, classifying it as part of the Koch familys charm offensive. This grant and even ones like the US$15,000 to Sarah Lawrence College, a small liberal arts college near New York that is renowned for its left-wing views, have two possible functions, she says.

First, they can be viewed as a test. The thinking goes that the Kochs will give small amounts to see if someone comes back, says Letiecq. The Kochs can see if there is movement around the acceptance of the money and activities desired by the Kochs.

If they accept small donations, then maybe they would be welcoming of a large donation and of building a deeper relationship, Letiecq told University World News.

The other possibility is that the Kochs know they are under scrutiny and they want to hide behind a veneer of respectability, Letiecq added. Look, were not so bad. Look at what we are doing. And that hides the work they are doing that is anti-government, anti-labour, anti-tax, anti-environmental regulation.

Knowing what line not to cross

All of the North American colleges and universities examined here are either developing or have strongly written policies designed to prevent undue donor influence.

For instance, the University of Torontos guidelines for donations, states: The University does not accept gifts that require it to provide valuable consideration to the donor or anyone designated by the donor, such as employment in the University, enrolment in a University program, or a University procurement contract.

To these, Kintzi says, what is also needed is better education of both donors and university grant acceptance officers. Both must be made aware not only of the law, especially the IRS regulations (and, in Canada, the Canada Revenue Agencys), but also of what constitutes a conflict of interest and what cannot be written into a gift agreement.

University officers must have a strong ethical backbone and be willing to say to donors, there is the line and you cannot cross it. And faculty and students must keep a wary eye on big money grants.

Saunders-Hastings agrees. She closed our interview by saying: It feels bad to criticise the generous person who you think is generally doing good things for the institution or department. But theres a need to cultivate a certain ingratitude that makes the criticism by university officials, students and faculty possible.

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Five States Where Republicans Are Trying to Block Marijuana Legalization – CelebStoner

Posted: at 2:13 pm

Illustration via Marijuana and the Law

Republicanss do not favor marijuana legalization. Anyone who thinks they do is delirious.

Ever since South Dakota and Montana legalized adult use in November, Republicans have been pushing back. Let's count the ways:

In South Dakota, a circuit court struck down Amendment A in February. "The failure to submit Amendment A through the proper constitutional processvoids the amendment and it has no effect," Judge Christina Klinger wrote in her decision.The ruling is being appealed in the state Supreme Court.

In Montana, the legislature has been trying to rewrite the language of Initiative 190, removing home grow and instituting a 20% sales and a cap on THC potency.

In Idaho, the legislatureis pushing a state Constitutional ban on legalizing "certain psychoactive drugs," such as marijuana. This would prevent medical or recreational legalization from happening in the state.

"Hey Dems: Don't expect any support from across the aisle."

In Mississippi, medical-marijiuana Initiative 65 is being reviewed by the state Supreme Court. A suit brought by a local mayor claims, like in South Dakota, theconstitutional amendment processwas "improper."

In Florida, on April 22, the state Supreme Court ruled that an inititiative effort byMake it Legal Florida was "misleading" and that it could not appear on the 2022 ballot. The organization had already compiled more than 500,000 signatures to get on the ballot (they need nearly 900,000). Now, they have to start over. What was misleading about the language? According to Chief Justice Charles Canday, "A constitutional amendment cannot unequivocally permit or authorize conduct that is criminalized under federal law. A ballot summary suggesting otherwise is affirmatively misleading.

In addition, in states that have recently passed legalization bills - New York, New Jersey, New Mexico and Virginia - there has been absolutely no Republican support.

And to think some cannabis advocates believed Trump and his White House favored adult use and medical marijuana in states. That was never based on reality. The only Republican Senator who might flip for pot is Ron Paul, but that's a longshot. Plus, several Dem Senators - John Tester (MT) and Jeanne Shahen (NH) - have said they would not support legalization legislation.

Majority Leader Chuck Schumer shrugged off the disloyal Dems, stating on April 20: "Hopefully the next time this unofficial holiday 4/20 rolls around, our country will have made progress in addressing the massive over-criminalization of marijuana in a meaningful and comprehensive way."

Just don't expect any support from across the aisle.

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Publisher of CelebStoner.com, former editor of High Times and Freedom Leaf and co-author of Pot Culture and Reefer Movie Madness.

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Here’s Brunch, a pop-up, weekend email during the 2021 Legislative Session 4.25.21 – Florida Politics

Posted: at 2:13 pm

Good Sunday morning.

So can we all agree that going forward, one legislative leader per Session needs to schedule a major family event for the last weekend before Sine Die?

The picturesque wedding yesterday of the other Mr. and Mrs. Wilton Simpson in Trilby was not only a beautiful occasion for the bride and groom, but it also provided a much-needed pause in the legislative deliberations for all of those involved in The Process. I cant remember the last Saturday of a Session NOT being consumed by budget negotiations. So what a treat it must have been for everyone who has worked nonstop the last eight weeks to be able to enjoy a wonderful April weekend away from the business of government.

Now, President Simpsons son will only be married once, so we need Speaker Chris Sprowls to step up and plan a communion or a recital or something for one of his kids for next March. Sen. Kathleen Passidomo and Rep. Paul Renner have more than enough time to plan something significant of their own for 2023 and 2024.

Spotted in Trilby: Former Attorney General Pam Bondi, Sens. Aaron Bean, Danny Burgess (who was the wedding officiant), Joe Gruters, Travis Hutson, Kathleen Passidomo, Kelli Stargel, Reps. Randy Maggard and Josie Tomkow; David Browning; CoryGuzzo; JohnHolley; FredKarlinsky, Lori and Lee Killinger;and Jon Rees.

We hope you have enjoyed this series of Brunch newsletters. This is our last edition for the 2021 Session, although maybe Brunch up again during the Special Session. Thank you to our title sponsors, Jeff Johnston and Amanda Stewart. Their support goes directly to the compensation of reporters and editors who work the weekend to put together this newsletter.

Happy belated birthday to Amanda, who celebrated her birthday this week at the best (or maybe worst) possible time as lawmakers were hashing out a historic budget amid a pandemic. We hope she had a great day, even if it was hectic, and made time for a refreshing and much-needed adult beverage.

A couple of other notes:

Get ready for the Oscars: Live coverage of this years Oscars begins on ABC at 1 p.m. with the Countdown LIVE!, with the preshow starting at 6:30 (you know you want to watch that red carpet) and the big show kicking off at 8. Watch for this years awards to feature more diversity after last years much-critiqued #OscarsSoWhite and #OscarsSoMale fiasco. Nearly half the nominees in acting categories are of color, and 70 more than any previous year are women.

Winners and losers with a Sabatini twist: What does Gov. Ron DeSantis have in common this week with Rep. Anthony Sabatini? Find out in Florida Politics columnist Joe Hendersons latest edition of winners and losers, in which he pontificates DeSantis Trump-like musings.

Budget taking shape

Legislators are finalizing major sticking points in the 2021-22 budget, as they hope to seal a deal in the coming days.

Whats changed: Lead negotiators in the House and Senate appear to have reached agreements on education and health care spending items that had been major sticking points in the negotiation process.

Teacher and prison bonuses: More than $22 billion will be slotted away for education expenditures, including funding for a $1,000 teacher and principal bonus proposal. That money will be paid as a thank you to educators who pushed through during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prison workers will also earn a similar bonus, thanks to savings gathered from shutting down a prison.

Medicaid cuts are axed: Leaders backed off on cuts to Medicaid that could have tallied hundreds of millions of dollars. Hospitals and nursing homes would have borne the brunt of those cuts, but negotiators have backed off the funding slash.

Whats left: Lawmakers must still agree on distributing $10 billion in federal cash being shipped to Florida as part of the American Rescue Plan. And they are working to agree on a plan to bump pay for low-wage state employees to $13 per hour. Senate President Simpson has voiced support for that increase.

Tick tock: Lawmakers have until Tuesday to meet Fridays scheduled Session end date and avoid going into overtime.

Cate Sine Die

Are you among the anxious wondering when the 2021 Legislative Session will end? Sure, theres the scheduled end date of Friday, April 30, but will it hold? And what time will the hankie drop?

A charitable cause: Kevin Cate of CATECOMM fame has opened his annual #CateSineDie challenge, where he offers cash to the charity of choice for whoever gets closest to the actual closing time. Thats Price is Right rules, however, so no going over.

Whos in? Cate says 50 people have placed their bets on when this years Session will officially wrap. With the gambling compact moving forward, maybe Cate can court a casino to help take these wagers next year.

Whats the consensus? Among those dozens of entries, Cate says the median prediction for the end of the 2021 Legislative Session is Friday, April 30 at 18:45:30. Thats 6:45 p.m. (plus 30 seconds).

Entries are closed, but plenty will be watching to see whether their predictions and weekend plans will hold.

Thumbs-up to freedom

Republican Rep. Danny Perez, whos in line for the 2024-26 House Speaker role, is releasing a new video aiming to support several anti-communism measures in the Legislature this Session. And that production is also taking shots at several high-profile Democrats as well.

The aim: Perez tells Florida Politics the more than 2-minute long video funded by his PC, Miami United looks to add support to a measure aiming to set up a Victims of Communism Day for public schools. Legislators are also pushing a measure blocking universities from entering into an agreement with a communist regime, or an entity that is organized and exists under the laws of a foreign country governed by a communist regime, concerning research, development, courses, or student or cultural exchange or to establish a campus.

Year-round message: We wanted to make sure that the anti-communist message isnt only a message of campaigns season, Perez said. Its got to be a year-round message, and that was something that we thought we would be able to portray through this video.

On the attack: But the video has plenty of campaign fodder as well. It argues the policies of some more left-leaning American Democrats are a slippery slope or equivalent to those of oppressive Latin American regimes. Pairing images of Bernie Sanders and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez with ominous background music and quotes about the perils of socialism make that point clear.

Fair game? I do not think that every Democrat is a socialist or a democratic socialist for that matter, Perez clarified, arguing the videos main focus is on giving a hand to those legislative proposals. Republicans have beat the drum of socialism for years, even as many Democrats have rebutted those claims. Thats particularly true in South Florida, where Democratic candidates have not been shy in calling out socialist countries and even comments from their own party members playing nice with those regimes.

South Florida focus: Joining Perez in the video are fellow Miami-Dade County-based Reps. David Borrero, Tom Fabricio, Juan Fernandez-Barquin and Anthony Rodriguez. I will never give up on freedom, the lawmakers say.

To watch Freedom is Our Business, click on the image below:

Hardware upgrades

Division of Elections leaders had reason to balk this week when the House and Senate in budget conference zeroed out improvements to agency hardware. But hey, whos trying to hack into and screw around with voter databases and election results these days?

Line item loss: The House had appropriated $500,000 for election legacy hardware replacement, but the Senate had left that out of its State Department Budget. When the chambers agreed on Transportation and Economic Development Appropriations funding, the spending didnt make the cut.

Already a fraction: The budget request already represented a quarter of what Ron DeSantis proposed budget included. The administration budget called for $2 million and presented the technology spending as an important need. Upgrading the applications and hardware will address security concerns and replace the unsupported hardware that range in age from three to 10 years old, the administrations proposed budget explained.

Hacker habit: The budget cut also seemed especially alarming amid talks of election integrity and the risks faced from foreign influence campaigns. Earlier this year, Secretary of State Laurel Lee testified to lawmakers that a malicious attack on Floridas voter registration website might have been behind a crash at the registration deadline for the general election. She noted the site saw an inordinate boost to 1.1 million hits on the site in an hour.

Hoop there it is

The third annual Hoop Day, co-hosted by a group of Democratic female Representatives in the House, celebrates the dangly circle earrings by asking women to wear their favorite pair of hoops.

Hoop story: The day is based on an incident from the 2019 Session when a female intern was told during intern orientation that hoop earrings were not professional. The unofficial Hoop Caucus disagrees.

Hoops on the House floor: So often we are told that hoop earrings, though they are sacred in many of our cultures, are not professional, said co-host Rep. Anna Eskamani, while wearing her hoop earrings on the House floor Wednesday. This was an opportunity to highlight that hoop earrings can be professional, just like all the other cultural characteristics that make our lives and experiences so unique.

Hoop history: Hoop earrings have been around since 2500 BC and are associated with female empowerment, particularly among minority groups.

From Korea to The Capitol

The Florida Department of Veterans Affairs (FDVA) welcomed the Consul General of the Republic of Korea Young-Jun Kim on Thursday.

Secret Service Man: The 30-year career diplomat joked he was a secret service man, but really, Kim has served as Korean Consul General in Atlanta, promoting favorable business environments for Korean companies in 6 southeastern states, including Florida.

Bearing gifts: The Consulate gifted Florida 10,000 Korean-made face masks to protect Korean War veterans against the COVID-19 virus. On hand to accept the gifts were Laurel Lee, Floridas Secretary of State, and Jim Hartsell, Deputy Executive Director of the FDVA.

Continued Friendship: Lee called the masks a symbol of Floridas continued friendship with the Republic of Korea. Cultural and diplomatic exchanges, such as that which we have here today with our international partners, lead us to a deeper understanding of our shared values and can help keep Florida an incredible and diverse place to live and do business.

Veterans remembered: There are more than 118,000 veterans of the Korean War living in Florida. Last year was the 70th anniversary of the Korean War, but Kim said associated events were canceled due to the Coronavirus pandemic. Id like to express my deepest respect and appreciation to all the Korean War veterans, Kim added.

Water, water everywhere

Floridas [ahem] historic Emergency Operations Center launched an untimely water feature this week, the latest sign of its deterioration, and a well-timed one too, given where the Legislature is in the Session.

Setting the scene: The visual said it all, with standing water on the bottom of the stairwell standing as the latest evidence a fix is needed.

Jareds take: The exiting head of the Department of Emergency Management, Jared Moskowitz, quipped on Twitter Friday: Whats this? Whats this? There is water everywhere. Whats this? I cant believe my eyes there is a three-story leak from a pipe during budget negotiations on a new EOC. Whats this?

Biden bucks: It looks like serious money may be coming to resolve the issue for the next head of the EOC, with the House and the Senate agreeing as of now to slot $100 million for a new facility.

Baby showers and budget seasons

The end-of-Session appropriations drama took a back (rear-facing) seat for a moment this week as some House Republicans worked on a different sprinkle list. A baby shower was held for Rep. Fiona McFarland, a Sarasota Republican expecting her second child in July.

A caucus occasion: Colleagues in the GOP caucus organized the event, giving McFarland a heads-up to provide a gift registry. The freshman lawmaker was happy to step away from the data privacy bill, that other thing shes been carrying this session.

Technically a sprinkle: For the event-planning ignorant, this baby shower actually counted as a sprinkle because it was held for a second child. But the timing seemed appropriate, McFarland said, as everyone clamors for line items.

Guest list: The whole GOP freshman class stopped by, McFarland said, as did some (mostly female) veteran members. One notable male guest was Speaker-designate Paul Renner, who felt compelled to swing by after changing dirty diapers at home and share the glory of the experience with the expectant mom.

Pork barreling: McFarland stressed she didnt need much in terms of gifts, especially as McFarland expects a second child who can slip in hand-me-down clothes, but some cute outfits will return to House District 72 with McFarland. I think I might have a stroller waiting for me at home, she said.

Stop and smell the roses

As it has for the past century, everything was coming up roses in Thomasville, Georgias historic downtown district this weekend.

Taking over a small town: The first Rose Show was held in 1922 in this small (population: 18,500) town just a 30-minute drive north of Tallahassee. While attracting the rose culture crowd in its early years, its popularity exploded midcentury, when it expanded into a more populist three-day festival that now includes an antique car show, golf tourney, 5K run, outdoor market, and Shop & Sip, as well as displays dedicated to orchids and more pedestrian blooms.

Rose royalty: The highlight, a parade that at one time could attract 70,000 people, was canceled this year because of COVID-19 concerns. But attendees were invited to a Friday night interactive Historic Parade Experience to enjoy photographs from the past and meet the current Rose Queen and her court.

Why Thomasville? It became a popular retreat in the late 1800s for wealthy industrialists who wanted to escape the cold northern winters. Thomasville did some very clever marketing, taking out ads in like The New York Times and the Cleveland Plain Dealer and The Philadelphia Inquirer and promoted Thomasville as a winter resort, said Ephraim Rotter, curator of the Thomasville History Center. Thomasville considers itself and fairly, I would say the cultural capital of southwest Georgia.

Notable residents: Many of the areas estates are still in the hands of those families, while others are of more recent vintage. One of its most notable landowners is Ted Turner, who built his 29,000-acre Avalon estate in the area. His next-door neighbor was the late T.K. Wetherell, former House Speaker and Florida State University President, who owned Oak Hill Plantation along with his wife, former DEP Secretary, and State Rep. Virginia Ginger Wetherell.

A species known as the Cherokee rose occurs naturally in the habitat, which would have caught the eye of snowbirds. And those rich visitors hired landscape designers who went very heavy on roses, Rotter said. Rose pride caught on with the natives, and the rest is 100 years of floral history.

Brunching out

The Hideaway at Waterworks is a cozy, mid-century-inspired oasis tucked behind Tallahassees iconic tiki bar and restaurant. Both The Hideaway and Waterworks which has been open nearly 30 years are owned by Don Quarello, and each has its own fun and quirky atmosphere.

Setting: For now, there is outdoor seating or takeout only, but patrons can sit under the colorful umbrellas on the patio of The Hideaway cafe or Waterworks. Inside dining is expected to start again by early summer.

Menu: The cafe features breakfast and lunch all day. The new Fellini dish brings two fried eggs, prosciutto, tomato, arugula, provolone and French bread. Other classics include a lox and bagel sandwich, classic breakfast plate with eggs, toast, breakfast potatoes and choice of sausage, bacon or ham and the Tennessee Williams, with fried egg, pimento cheese, tomato and bacon on an English muffin. Brunch specials on Saturday and Sunday add items like pancakes and eggs Benedict, with lox and Florentine versions. The lunch menu offers sandwiches, salads, burgers, hot dogs and platters. Look for specials like housemade corned beef, pastrami and fried chicken.

Spirits/Coffee: Customers can order a range of coffee specialties and traditional breakfast beverages like mimosas, bellinis and Bloody Marys, as well as drinks served at Waterworks: coffee cocktails, Tiki and blended drinks (including pia colada).

Details: The cafe is located at 1133 Thomasville Rd.; 850-224-1887.

Hours: The Hideaway is open from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. Wednesday to Sunday. Closed Monday and Tuesday.

Via Rochelle Koff of Tallahassee Table.

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Paradise altered: EPA approves first release of genetically modified mosquitoes in Florida Keys – Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists

Posted: at 2:10 pm

A biologist releases genetically modified mosquitoes in February 2016 in Piracicaba, Brazil. Technicians from the Oxitec laboratory released genetically modified mosquitoes Aedes Egypti to combat Zika virus. (Photo by Victor Moriyama/Getty Images)

Editors note: This story was originally published by UNDARK.It appears here as part of theClimate Deskcollaboration.

This spring, the biotechnology companyOxitecplans to release genetically modified (GM) mosquitoes in the Florida Keys. Oxitec says its technology will combat dengue fever, a potentially life-threatening disease, and other mosquito-borne viruses such as Zika mainly transmitted by theAedes aegyptimosquito.

While there have been more than7,300 dengue casesreported in the United States between 2010 and 2020, a majority are contracted in Asia and the Caribbean,accordingto the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In Florida, however, there were 41 travel-relatedcases in 2020, compared with 71 cases that were transmitted locally.

Native mosquitoes in Florida are increasingly resistant to the most common form of control insecticide and scientists say they need new and better techniques to control the insects and the diseases they carry. There arent any other tools that we have. Mosquito nets dont work. Vaccines are under development but need to be fully efficacious, saysMichael Bonsall, a mathematical biologist at the University of Oxford, who is not affiliated with Oxitec but has collaborated with the company in the past, and who worked with the World Health Organization to produce a GM mosquito-testing framework.

Bonsall and other scientists think a combination of approaches is essential to reducing the burden of diseases and that, maybe, newer ideas like GM mosquitoes should be added to the mix. Oxitecs mosquitoes, for instance, are genetically altered to pass what the company calls self-limiting genes to their offspring; when released GM males breed with wild female mosquitoes, the resulting generation does not survive into adulthood, reducing the overall population.

But Oxitec has been proposing to experimentally release GM mosquitos in the Keys since 2011, and the plan has long been met with suspicion among locals and debate among scientists. Some locals say they fear beingguinea pigs. Critics say they are concerned about the possible effects GM mosquitoes could have on human health and the environment. In 2012, the Key West City Commissionobjected to Oxitecs plan; in a non-binding referendum four years later, residents of Key Haven where the mosquitoes would have been released rejected it, while residents in the surrounding county voted in support of the release. With the decision left up to the Florida Keys Mosquito Control District, officialsapproved the trialto be conducted elsewhere in the Keys.

According to Oxitec, the releasewas delayeddue to a transfer of jurisdiction over the project from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to the Environmental Protection Agency.

The company reapplied for approval to release a new version of the mosquitoes, called OX5034,in the Keys. In May, the EPAgranteda two-year experimental use permit, which the agency can cancel at any time.Stateandlocal sign-off soon followed finally giving the project the greenlight.

Oxitecs OX5034 mosquitoes are the first GM mosquitoesapprovedfor release in the U.S. The company has alreadyconducted a trialwith the OX5034 mosquitoes in Brazil and released more than a billion of a previous version, called OX513A, there and in other locations over the years including the Cayman Islands. The company says it is confident in the effectiveness and safety of the technology.

But some scientists want to hit pause on Oxitecs Florida trial, to find what they say is a fairer process in deciding to release the mosquitoes. Others want to see clearer proof that this technology is even necessary, claiming that the company has only released its most positive data with the public and has kept other key data, including whether the mosquitoes curb disease transmission, private. And if the release actually launches as planned, some Keys residents say they aim to interfere.

Critics also say that Oxitec failed to engage with local communities in Florida and get their consent to release the mosquitoes. Whats the most upsetting is that the very people that are going to be most impacted, both by the benefits or the risks of such a decision, have like the smallest voice in how these choices are made. I think thats a really big issue, says Natalie Kofler, a molecular biologist and bioethicist who founded Editing Nature, a platformthat advocatesfor inclusive decision-making processes to steer the use of genetic technology. If Oxitec doesnt do this right, she adds, we could have huge impact on delaying the use of other beneficial technologies like that in the future.

OXITECS OX5034 MOSQUITOESare programmed to combat the transmission of mosquito-borne illnesses by suppressing localAedes aegyptipopulations. Oxitec which is U.S.-owned and based in the United Kingdom describes their mosquitoes asfriendly because they will only release males, which, unlike females, do not bite humans or transmit disease.

At Oxitecs laboratory in the U.K., the company genetically engineers the mosquitoes, giving the insects the self-limitinggenethat makes the females dependent on the antibiotic tetracycline. Without the drug, they will die. Eggs from these genetically-altered mosquitoes which will hatch both male and female insects will be shipped to the Keys. Mosquitoes require water to mature from an egg to an adult; when Oxitecs team adds water to the boxes the mosquitoes will be deployed in, both GM males and GM females will hatch. With no tetracycline present in the box, the GM females are expected to die in early larval stages.

The male mosquitoes will survive and carry the gene. When they leave the boxes, the insects will, hypothetically, fly away to mate with wild females to pass the gene to the next wild generation, according to Nathan Rose, head of regulatory affairs at Oxitec. Kevin Gorman, the companys chief development officer, says the local female mosquito population will be increasingly reduced which will also reduce the number of wild male mosquitoes in the treatment areas.

Gorman emphasized to Undark that the EPA and other regulators found no risk in using tetracycline in breeding their genetically-altered mosquitoes. But some scientists think the presence of this antibiotic in the environment does pose a risk. According to Jennifer Kuzma, co-founder and co-director of the Genetic Engineering and Society Center at North Carolina State University, tetracyline is commonly used in Florida to prevent bacterial diseases in agriculture particularly incitrus groves and to treat bacteria insewage plants. The use of the antibiotic for these purposes may mean that it will remain in the environment, especially in water where the mosquitoes breed, which could allow Oxitecs female mosquitoes to survive. While the company does not plan to release the mosquitos near areas where the antibiotic is used, Kuzma says the EPAsrisk assessment did not include testing of any standing water for tetracycline something, she adds, would have been easy enough to do for good due diligence.

Skeptics of Oxitecs GM mosquitoes include local residents,physicians, scientists, and environmental activists. Many of these opponents say they arent anti-GMO, but disagree with how the approval process has been handled. One group has even kept arunning listof what it sees as Oxitecs wrongdoings since it first began experimental releases. The list includes Oxitecs lack of disease monitoring in the countries where it has released mosquitoes; the unknown price of its technology; andcomplaintsthat the company hasoverstatedthe success of some of it its trials.

I cannot trust this company. I cannot trust this technology, says Mara Daly, a resident of Key Largo who says shes been following Oxitecs plans for nine years.

This is not a traditional pesticide, she adds. This is not a chemical that you can trace. This is something completely different, new emerging technology and we need better regulation.

Phil Goodman, chairman of the Florida Keys Mosquito Control District (FKMCD), an independently-elected commission carrying out mosquito control within Monroe County, says that many of those who discredit Oxitecs evidence do not understand the technology. Theyre fearmongering, he says.

They have very little credibility here in the Florida Keys as far as Im concerned, he adds.

But people like Daly and Barry Wray, executive director of theFlorida Keys Environmental Coalition, disagree. We want to know its safe, says Wray, who notes that his group more generally supports GM technology. We dont have another Florida Keys ecosystem. We dont have another Florida Keys community. We have this one.

Daly, Wray, and others point to what they perceive as the FKMCDs disrespect for public opinion. They argue that the community wasnt given a chance to consent before the EPA approval. There was a 30-daypublic forumin September 2019 about Oxitecs technology application, with 31,174 comments opposing release and 56 in support. A statement emailed to Undark by Melissa Sullivan, an EPA spokesperson, noted that the agencyconsideredthese comments during the review, but critics think it happened too quickly to be of real use.

Oxitec has already released more than a billion of a previous version of GM mosquitoes, OX513A, in Brazil and other locations. Visual: Victor Moriyama / Getty Images

In June, Kofler and Kuzma wrote anopinion piecein The Boston Globe about the EPA approval, critiquing the agencys regulatory system and calling for a better process for evaluating new biotechnologies. The researchers expressed concern that the EPA did not convene an independent, external scientific advisory panel to review Oxitecs claims about its mosquito strategy and that the agency only publicly released its risk assessment after approving the technology. The American public, Kofler and Kuzma wrote, needs to be assured that these decisions are made free of conflicts of interest. The statement from the EPAs Sullivan noted that the agency conducted anextensive risk assessmentbased on the best available science.

Some critics also wanted there to be more public engagement. Kofler and Kuzma say they offered to provide their expertise, along with other outside experts, to the mosquito control district to allow more discussion about the GM mosquitoes with the Keys community. But Kofler says the district wasnt responsive. Oxitec itself launchedwebinarsabout their new product, but not until after the EPA approval. Here we are, like in the final hour, having these conversations that needed to be happening a year ago, says Kofler.

Without public trust and enthusiasm, it doesnt matter whether Oxitecs mosquito technique works, says Guy Reeves, a genetic researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology in Germany, who stresses that he doesnt think the companys approach is unsafe. If the population in Florida Keys becomes so sensitized to this issue that they can no longer cooperate with each other thats good for the mosquitoes, not good for the people, he adds.

Based on their first generation mosquito OX513A, Oxitec says it has shown that the approach reduces a targeted mosquito population in trials in bothBraziland theCayman Islands. But theres no evidence that this new OX5034 mosquito release will actually be worth it for mosquito suppression, says Reeves. Oxitec also hasnt explained how their new mosquito will directlycurbhuman diseases, such as dengue. Reducing disease transmission and burden should be measures of efficacy for this technology, says Kofler.

According to Gorman, independent disease suppression data has only been collected by municipalities in Brazil because thats where most of the companys trials have been released in larger scales. These municipalities have shown that Oxitec mosquitoes have reduced dengue cases in areas of release, Gorman says. In order for Oxitec to collect additional data, he adds, the company needs to release and test large areas over sustained periods of time. Gorman maintains that the company is not required to report formal health impact studies.

Reeves adds that Oxitec also hasnt explained what resources are needed to sustain this product, how long it could take to be effective, or the cost. When asked about the cost of the Florida Keys project, Oxitec responded to Undark by email: Oxitec is a pre-commercial, pre-profit company. We will not profit from this pilot project in Florida.We are paying for it ourselves.

OXITEC HAS RELEASEDmore than a billion of their OX513A mosquitoes over the past 10 years. According to independent scientists, some of those experiments did not go well.

For example, researchers at Yale University and collaborators from Brazil analyzed Oxitecs 2015 release of OX513A in Brazil. The scientists confirmed that some offspring of the genetically modified mosquitoes which were supposed to die and not pass new genes to the wild population survived to adulthood and mated with their native counterparts. Between 10 and 60 percent of the native mosquitoes contained genes from Oxitec, according to the Yale study, which published in Nature in2019. The papers authors concluded they do not know what impacts these mixed mosquitoes have on disease control or transmission, but added that their findings underscore the importance of monitoring the genetics of the insects.

Oxitec disagreed with the findings andrespondedon the journals website. Oxitec toldGizmodothat Yales study includes numerous false, speculative, and unsubstantiated claims and statements about Oxitecs mosquito technology. And when Kofler and three other scientistswrote about Oxitecs Brazil trial in The Conversation, Oxitec pushed to have the article retracted, says Kofler.

For this coming release, some Key Largo locals are willing to act on their anger. Daly, for instance, says that if the mosquitoes are deployed in her neighborhood, shell try to put insecticide in any box she finds or send it to an expert to test even if it means getting in trouble with the federal authorities. I already have my arresting officer and she said shes gonna clean her handcuffs for me, she says. I dont care.

Ideally, Daly says, it wont have to come to that. She and other locals hope to stop Oxitec before the latest mosquitos are delivered. Daly says she has been busy organizing protests like one thathappened recentlyin Key Largo and giving out yard signs to residents who dont want their property used in the trial. Locals are pissed off. So I have been busy getting the press to cover the local opposition, Daly wrote in an email to Undark.

The first flying insect or animal that can actually use our human blood for a friggin trial for a product to come to market without my consent, Daly says.

Thats my blood, she adds. Thats my sons blood. Thats my dogs blood.

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Genetic Engineering Plant Genomics Market | 2021 | Key Market Indicators, Supply and Demand Analysis And Growth Forecast | Illumina Inc, NRGene,…

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The Genetic Engineering Plant Genomics Market report identifies the most recent improvements, market share, and systems applied by the significant market. With the widespread analysis of the market, it puts forth overview of the market regarding type and applications, featuring the key business resources and key players. Thereport offers a great understanding of the current market situation with the historic and upcoming market size based on technological growth, value and volume, projecting cost-effective and leading fundamentals in the market

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Genetic engineering plant genomics refer to the process of development of new plant lines with enhanced genotypic characteristics by crossing two or more plants with the purpose of producing an offspring that shares the required traits of the parent plants. The aim of the method is to characterize, sequence and study of genetic compositions, functions and networks of entire plant genome. The technological advancement is emerging with the increasing demand for better-quality crops.The genetic engineering plant genomics market is expected to witness market growth at a rate of approximately 7.90% in the forecast period of 2021 to 2028. Data Bridge Market Research report on genetic engineering plant genomics market provides analysis and insights regarding the various factors expected to be prevalent throughout the forecast period while providing their impacts on the markets growth. The increasing application of genomics in plant breeding across the globe is escalating the growth of genetic engineering plant genomics market.The increasing demand for improved crop varieties and high quality crop, and surge in plant genome funding fueling the adoption of innovative technologies act as the major factors driving the genetic engineering plant genomics market.

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Genetic Engineering Plant Genomics Market | 2021 | Key Market Indicators, Supply and Demand Analysis And Growth Forecast | Illumina Inc, NRGene,...

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Genetic Engineering Market Estimates and Projections by Lonza Group, Origene Technologies, Inc., Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc. The Courier – The Courier

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A gene is the basic physical and function unity of heredity. Genetic engineering is the changing the structure of the genes of a living things in order to make it healthier, stronger and more useful to human. Changing DNA in cell is to understand their biology. Genetic engineering are currently used in both animal and plant cells this modifications are helps to improve performance of cell.

The genetic engineering market is expected to grow during the forecast period due to rising use of genetic engineering in the field of medical as well as in agriculture, high prevalence of infectious disease and awareness of steam cell therapy, and increasing no of genomics project due to government raising funds in genetic engineering field and more R&D. Thus, various governments are taking initiatives to create awareness amongst people about genetic engineering.

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Global Manufacturers of Market Report Are:

Integrated DNA Technologies, IncThermo Fisher Scientific IncMerck KGaAHorizon Discovery Group Plc.Transposagen Biopharmaceuticals Inc.New England BiolabsGenscript Biotech CorporationLonza GroupOrigene Technologies, Inc.Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc.

The global genetic engineering market is segmented on the basis of technology, applications and end users. Based on technology, the market is segmented as CRISPR, TALEN, ZFN, Antisense and others. On the basis of applications, the global genetic engineering market is segmented into cell line engineering, genetic engineering and diagnostics and therapeutics. Based on end users, the market is segmented into pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, academic & research institute and contract research organization.

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Genetic Engineering Market Estimates and Projections by Lonza Group, Origene Technologies, Inc., Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc. The Courier - The Courier

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A Day in the Life of Software Engineer Anna – All Together – Society of Women Engineers

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I got into engineering because I wanted to solve problems and to have a positive impact on people. A natural extension of wanting to solve problems at a large scale with efficiency led me to Software Engineering. At first, I majored in Biomedical Engineering, concentrating in bioinformatics at Drexel University. Someone once called me a bad programmer so to prove them wrong, I minored in Computer Science, focusing on artificial intelligence and human-computer interaction. I love solving problems in the biomedical field as much as I love the possibilities of programming.

At Drexel, I had three co-op experiences, which were full-time positions that lasted six to nine months. I worked as a software engineer at a start-up on psychology research, as a data scientist at a pharmaceutical company, and as a bioinformatics cancer researcher at a hospital. Each role cemented a solid foundation in applied Software Engineering on biomedical problems in various contexts.

My most significant experience in college was attending a local hackathon for accessibility, developing solutions for people with special needs. I became a better engineer by learning about the deaf, blind, and aphasic communities, in order to design solutions challenging my own algorithmic biases. Algorithmic biases are unintended aspects of you that sneak into your code. How do I check my algorithmic biases? By writing software with the mindset that software is intended for people who are not me. Continuous life-long learning about the diversity of people still applies to how I write software every day. I follow governmental software standards for accessibility (Section 508) to make software more inclusive for all of us.

I am currently a Software Engineer for a life sciences and technology company, Essex Management, where I develop websites and application programming interfaces (API). I am grateful to be part of an exciting and growing field where I get to build things that make a lasting and positive impact on peoples lives. Genomic information can be very complex, so I am very grateful for my background in biomedical engineering. Im able to leverage my scientific background to better understand scientific researchers and how they expect the software to help them analyze massive amounts of genomic data. One of the projects I worked on was called NCI-MATCH, a clinical trial which used genetic information to match people with cancer to potential treatment options.

I work with an 80/20 balance between technical and people work. This means 20% of my day in the mornings involves communicating with my team, which can include planning, design, and troubleshooting issues. In the afternoons, I focus on writing software or APIs to exchange genomic or clinical data. I also spend my afternoons testing my code by improving upon either software that I wrote or software someone on my team wrote.

To girls interested in engineering, communication is critical for sharing and building upon your innovative engineering ideas, so communicate early and often. Building a network fromprofessional societies, such as the Society of Women Engineers, Women in Computer Science, and American Computing Machinery, will open opportunities for you to try job shadowing or an internship.

Also, choosing your college major may seem like a really big, defining choice, but you can absolutely switch majors or even combine disciplines like I did. You can make this decision by using a gather and reduction approach, which is similar to the path searching algorithm, A*. Gather all of the information that you can and then reduce the problem set. Once you have all of that information and experience, then you can eliminate choices and find out which option is best for you. Some important questions you can ask yourself are what seems practical? What are you good at? What do you really enjoy and can see yourself doing almost every day, at least five days a week? What feels the most authentic to you? Its OK to be uncertain about your decisions. As long as you learn from your experiences and carry that knowledge over into your next choice, youll eventually make better choices over time (human intelligence not artificial intelligence).

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SWE Blog provides up-to-date information and news about the Society and how our members are making a difference every day. Youll find stories about SWE members, engineering, technology, and other STEM-related topics.

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A Day in the Life of Software Engineer Anna - All Together - Society of Women Engineers

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Reforms must extend to making available the best technologies to farmers – The Indian Express

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Lifesaving vaccines such as Covishield and Covaxin are products of modern biotechnology, as are drugs developed in recent times for treating many ailments. The potential of genetic engineering is immense, with gene editing opening up the possibility of cures to hereditary diseases. Similarly, genetically modified (GM) crops are making big strides in bringing about improvement in crop productivity across farming nations.

By 2019, the area under precision agriculture of GM crops had increased 112 times from 1996, when the first biotech crop was introduced, making it the fastest adopted crop technology in recent years. During 2019, 79 per cent of cotton; 74 per cent of soybean; 31 per cent of maize and 27 per cent of canola acreages globally were under biotech crops, apart from varying acreages under 28 other smaller crops. A number of independent studies are available on the socioeconomic and environmental benefits of biotech crops. One such study estimated that net global farm income increased by $ 186 billion in 20 years. That helped alleviate poverty of over 16.5 million farmers globally and led to a 8.2 per cent reduction in global consumption of pesticides.

Bt Cotton, the only GM crop introduced in India in 2002, transformed Indias cotton sector, as cotton productivity almost doubled in six years. Indias share in the global production of cotton increased from 12 per cent in 2002 to 25 per cent by 2014. From a net importer of cotton, India became the second-largest exporter of cotton.

Following approval for GM cotton, several organisations invested resources and efforts in new crop biotech traits, hoping for similar transformational changes in Indian agriculture. Bt brinjal was one such technology recommended for commercialisation in October 2009, after it completed regulatory evaluation in seven years, and is still under moratorium. Meanwhile, the technology has been adopted in Bangladesh. One study in 2018 stated that net returns of Bangladesh farmers increased six-fold from Bt brinjal, and pesticide usage on brinjal went down by 61 per cent.

Another such stalemate is on GM mustard. India imports over 65 per cent of her edible oil requirement, as Indian oilseed yields are almost stagnant. This costs over $10 billion annually, with imports growing over time. Mustard is one such oilseed crop. But a high yielding mustard variety developed indigenously using biotech is yet to be approved for commercialisation. The regulatory system for crop biotech is inactive, with even periodic meetings of the regulatory committee being avoided. This has resulted in serious reduction in biotech research in recent years.

This impasse is due to irrational opposition to GM crops based on ideology rather than science. India imports over 15 million tonnes of edible oil annually, of which over 25 per cent comprises soy oil and canola oil (a variant of mustard oil), which are from GM soybean and GM canola grown all over America. Over 95 per cent of cotton grown in India being Bt cotton, we consume about 1.4 million tonnes of cotton seed oil produced from GM cotton. However, there is opposition to making available the same technology to mustard growers. On the matter of safety and efficacy of biotech crops, over 100 Nobel laureates collectively issued a statement in 2016, vouching for it.

It is high time Indian agriculture transforms into precision agriculture by using modern tools of biotechnology. The farmers agitation is also a reflection of deep anguish of the farming community about the growing chasm between agricultural income and income from other economic sectors. Farm income is a function of market prices and cost of production. While Indian market prices for major agricultural commodities are influenced by international prices, cost of production is a function of crop productivity. The current productivity of most of our crops is much lower than global averages. It is in this context that apart from reforms in the market and supply chain, we need to make available the best technologies to our farmers. Agriculturally developed countries are rapidly adopting new frontiers of precision agriculture tools, like CRISPR CAS9. It will be most appropriate, as has been the case with the COVID vaccines, if crop biotech, especially Bt Brinjal and GM mustard, is accorded similar sense of priority to improve competitiveness of Indian farmers and boost their income.

This column first appeared in the print edition on April 20, 2021 under the title Biotech boost for farming. The writer is former secretary to government of India and former chairperson, genetic engineering appraisal committee

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Reforms must extend to making available the best technologies to farmers - The Indian Express

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Novavax to Host Conference Call to Discuss First Quarter Financial Results and Operational Highlights on May 10, 2021 – Herald-Mail Media

Posted: at 2:10 pm

GAITHERSBURG, Md., April 23, 2021 /PRNewswire/ --Novavax, Inc. (Nasdaq: NVAX), a biotechnology company developing next-generation vaccines for serious infectious diseases, today announced it will report its first quarter 2021 financial results and operational highlights on Monday, May 10, 2021, following the close of U.S. financial markets. Details of the event and replay are as follows:

Conference call details:

Date:

May 10, 2021

Time:

4:30 p.m. U.S. Eastern Time (ET)

Dial-in number:

(866) 652-5200 (Domestic) or (412) 317-6060 (International)

Webcast:

http://www.novavax.com/events

Participants will be prompted to request to join the Novavax, Inc. call.

To ensure a timely connection, it is recommended that participants join at least 10 minutes prior to the scheduled webcast.

Replay details:

Date:

Available starting at 7:30 p.m. ET, May 10, 2021

Dial-in number:

(877) 344-7529 (Domestic) or (412) 317-0088 (International)

Passcode:

10155684

Webcast:

http://www.novavax.com/events, until August 10, 2021

About Novavax

Novavax, Inc.(Nasdaq: NVAX) is a biotechnology company that promotes improved health globally through the discovery, development and commercialization of innovative vaccines to prevent serious infectious diseases. The company's proprietary recombinant technology platform combines the power and speed of genetic engineering to efficiently produce highly immunogenic nanoparticles designed to address urgent global health needs. Novavaxis conducting late-stage clinical trials for NVX-CoV2373, its vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. NanoFlu, its quadrivalent influenza nanoparticle vaccine, met all primary objectives in its pivotal Phase 3 clinical trial in older adults and will be advanced for regulatory submission. Both vaccine candidates incorporateNovavax' proprietary saponin-based Matrix-M adjuvant to enhance the immune response and stimulate high levels of neutralizing antibodies.

For more information, visit http://www.novavax.com and connect with us on Twitter and LinkedIn.

Contacts:

Investors

Novavax, Inc.

Erika Schultz | 240-268-2022

ir@novavax.com

Solebury Trout

Jennifer Porcelli | 646-378-2962

jporcelli@soleburytrout.com

Media

Amy Speak | 617-420-2461

Laura Keenan | 410-419-5755

media@novavax.com

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SOURCE Novavax, Inc.

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Novavax to Host Conference Call to Discuss First Quarter Financial Results and Operational Highlights on May 10, 2021 - Herald-Mail Media

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Researchers Investigate Origins of White Tripolitaine Olive in Libya – Olive Oil Times

Posted: at 2:10 pm

Spanish and Libyan researchers met in Andalusia to identify and characterize the most promising cultivars in the North African country.

One of our goals is to investigate the genetic profile of the trees that grow here and to map the most interesting cultivars for olive farming, said Adel Elmagharbi, aleading researcher on the Libyan olive fingerprinting project at the Biotechnology Research Center (BTRC) in Tripoli.

Most of them were propagated during Italian colonization [from 1911 to 1943] and almost 15years ago, we found afew trees carrying white olives about 20kilometers east of Tripoli, he told Olive Oil Times. That is the Tripolitaine cultivar and we are working with our colleagues in Crdoba to investigate its genetic origin.

The meeting took place at the University of Crdoba after bilateral talks between the International Olive Council (IOC) and Libyan authorities in Madrid. The two sides discussed adding the Tripolitaine cultivar to the IOCs World Catalog of Olive Varieties.

Among those in attendance at the talks were Inas Alhudiri, the BTRC genetic engineering department head. She told Olive Oil Times that the Libyan delegation is working with the IOC to add the most interesting Libyan cultivars to the IOCs olive germplasm bank as part of the True Healthy Olive Cultivars 2 project.

We are working on amemorandum of understanding with the University of Crdoba, which might allow us to conduct the genetic investigation into our cultivars, train our students and experts in all areas of olive propagation and farming and optimize production in Libyan orchards, she said.

According to Mohamed Abusanina, aresearcher at the department of plant tissue culture at BTRC, Libyan scientists have already taken DNA samples from local olive cultivars and sent them over to Spanish experts.

We have more than 40 genotypes for cultivars, he told Olive Oil Times. While some of those varieties came from Italy, most of our orchards here have adapted to our dry weather. Some trees are more than 100years old.

Of primary interest to the researchers is discovering the origin of the Tripolitaine cultivar, which yields white olives similar to the southern Italian Leucocarpa cultivar and is also quite rare.

According to the researchers, the trees appear to thrive in Libyas hot and dry climate. Scientists at the BTRC intend to determine whether the Tripolitaine olive is amutation or adifferent variety and the best way to graft the trees.

One of the biggest challenges facing Libyan olive farmers is finding varieties capable of withstanding the low levels of rainfall received by the country. Even the wetter northern regions of Libya receive only slightly more than 250 to 300 millimetres of rain each year.

In this respect, we must count on many varieties that have shown strong resilience to extreme weather conditions over time, Abusanina said.

According to IOC data, Libya produced 16,500 tons of olive oil in the 2020/21 crop year. However, by improving cultivation techniques and selecting suitable varieties, these experts believe that the country could improve its production figures.

With our Spanish counterparts, we hope to identify which cultivars react better to our climate, which are the most interesting commercial cultivars and how to maximize their yields, to possibly suggest to farmers how and where they could invest more in new olive orchards and receive good olive yields, Alhudiri said.

Away from this project, Libyan officials hope that this renewed cooperation with the IOC will lead to further collaboration and, eventually, the official recognition of Libyan chemical and sensory analysis labs.

Researchers also hope to increase cooperation with some of the countrys neighbors, including Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco, to promote olive oil production across North Africa.

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Researchers Investigate Origins of White Tripolitaine Olive in Libya - Olive Oil Times

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