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Opinion: How to change the mechanism of cancel culture – Post Register
Posted: July 18, 2021 at 5:33 pm
Im writing this letter to explain my personal philosophy when thinking about the complex issues of cancel culture, free speech and censorship.
Cancel culture is driven by public opinion and economics. Cancelations occur when an employees speech infraction generates public attention that threatens an employers profits, influence or reputation. People with politically incorrect opinions and views are being coerced into silence under threat of the loss of their livelihood.
Is there a way to change the mechanism of cancel culture? Businesses will always have to make a profit, and people will always have different opinions on what is appropriate, so how can we make sure the freedom of speech is protected? Ive been considering this question for a few weeks now, and Ive come to the conclusion that personal tolerance is the only way to eliminate the toxic cancel culture that forces people into conformity and stifles the opportunity for open debate.
So, what is my personal philosophy? Even though I believe my opinions are the right opinions, and I wish others would share my view of the world, I realize that if I never encounter anything in my community that offends me, Im not living in a free society. Even though I may disagree with someones opinion, I realize that the fact that we have different opinions is a testament to our freedom. This has helped me develop a tolerance for others opinions, and I believe its the only way we can ensure people arent canceled for offensive speech.
' + this.content + '
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Video review | Never Me Season 2 is even more fun and politically incorrect – Designer Women
Posted: at 5:33 pm
Season 2 of Never Have I Ever debuted on Netflix and editor Renato Marafon brings the review on video.
Fun, light and tart, the series is a find in the streaming catalog.
Watch the review:
Revision | I Never returns with a sour, hilarious and much needed season 2
The series was created by Lang Fisher and Mindy Kaling.
Enjoy watching:
In the recently published chapters, Devi has the courage to make bold decisions as she grapples with her tumultuous relationship with her mother, new loves, and the arrival of new classmates at school.
Maitreyi Ramakrishnan stars in the production. Poorna Jagannathan, Richa Shukla, Darren Barnet, Aitana Rinab Perez, John McEnroe, Hanna Stein, Sendhil Ramamurthy, Jaren Lewison, Ramona Young and Lee Rodriguez.
Make sure you watch:
SUBSCRIBE TO OUR YOUTUBE CHANNEL http: //bit.ly/CinePOP_Subscribe
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Angrezi snobs should shut up. Its our chatpata lingo that unites us – The Times of India Blog
Posted: at 5:33 pm
Dear Mansukhbhai, Please dont take tension or have any chinta about your English. Remember, neither are you a match referee at Wimbledon, nor Shashi Tharoor. Apna desh, apney vichar, apni bhasha. We dont need to write or speak English like the Brits, who chew up half their words, suffer from a condition called a stiff upper lip and swallow too much. Even in England, they have hazar accents is Cockney understood by anybody? We are proud of our Indian accent (yes, including the award-winning restaurant by the same name) and we should be showing off our many, colourful versions of English instead of feeling embarrassed. Just see the variations Hinglish (Hindi), Bonglish (Bengali), Minglish (Marathi ), Tamlish (Tamil), Telglish (Telugu), Gujlish (Gujarati), Punjlish (Punjabi) arrey baba, we have enriched English, not mangled it.
Mansukh L Mandaviya is Indias newly-minted Minister of Health and Family Welfare and Chemicals and Fertilisers. Both portfolios are crucial and of special importance during these difficult times. Yet he was mercilessly trolled on the day he took his oath and was sworn in as a member of Narendra Modis recently rejigged Cabinet, replacing that end game walla Dr Harsh Vardhan, who was rightly or wrongly accused of speaking out of turn and declaring the pandemic over just as the second wave of the deadly virus came and crushed us. The good doctor making his exit was described as an otorhinolaryngologist (huh? Cannot pronounce the word and have zero idea what it means). Im happy to settle for the humble vet. It is commendable that the 49-year-old who was born into a farmers family in Hanol (Palitana taluka), studied veterinary science, completed his Masters degree in political science, and is where he is today. Who cares if he tweets like a Gujjubhai! Its the content that counts. Only P Chidambaram has a problem with that. Proficiency in our former rulers language is hardly the only qualification to judge someones merit. If anything, it displays a slavish attraction to the language of our former masters.
Elite bias: Those mocking Mansukhbhai Mandaviya should know that English doesnt equal intellect
Trolling those who do not speak English with a pretentious public school accent reveals the pathetic colonial mindset of trollers. The artificial snob meter kicks in when prominent folks mess up a language that is borrowed and not their matrubhasha. Mocking them for mixing up spellings or pronunciation is kinda mean and immature. A fruity accent does not make the person posh! In todays far more egalitarian world, the only thing that counts is authenticity. It is far better to be yourself as Mansukhbhai has instinctively figured. Check his response when asked what he had to say to trolls who made fun of him (I do not have anything to say, he said with a smile).
Going forward, many more public figures in India will be facing similar problems. They will be called vernacs or vernies by those who were privileged enough to get an education in what are mistakenly described as convent schools where English is the medium of education. Mansukhbhai, like the Prime Minister, is a product of a Gujarati medium school. He should be proud of it and wear it like a badge of honour. Id go a step further and suggest he should speak in his mother tongue at press conferences, and let the scribes figure. What are interpreters for? And tickers on televised interviews? We have no problems when President Emmanuel Macron sticks to French and loftily refuses to speak English. Why create problems for Mansukhbhai and others who are not comfortable using an alien language?
An entire political saga gets written whenever we discuss sensitive language issues in our country. Language is emotive and fluid. How an individual uses it, can make or break his or her career. Indians speak in many tongues (pun intended). It is our hybrid, chatpata lingo that unites us. That, and our chatpata snacks. Both are jhakaas! Ganwaar is good! Its time to convert that putdown into a compliment. English does not equal intellect. There are any number of glib talkers in parliament, who do just that talk! We want our Mansukhbhai to walk the talk. Because, Im pretty sure, as a Gujarati with farming roots he knows the one word everybody in the cutthroat world of politics understands perfectly paisa. When paisa talks, the duniya listens. And the Gujju accent gets instantly understood. So guys, stop that thakela convo. Mansukhbhai kai vaando nathi.
Views expressed above are the author's own.
END OF ARTICLE
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Bill Maher Receives Key To The Las Vegas Strip – Broadway World
Posted: at 5:33 pm
Last night, comedian Bill Maher received the Key to the Las Vegas Strip. Clark County Commissioner Tick Segerblom presented him with the key following his show at the Terry Fator Theater at The Mirage Hotel and Casino. Bill first performed in Las Vegas, opening for Diana Ross, in 1982 and has had a residency in the city for over a decade. He performs again tonight as part of the Mirage's Aces of Comedy series and is next back in the city on November 26th and 27th.
"Bill has been making audiences roar with laughter on the Las Vegas strip for nearly 40 years," stated Clark County Commissioner Tick Segerblom. "It's an honor to present him with the Key to the Las Vegas Strip and we look forward to him performing in our city for many years to come."
On receiving the key, Bill said, "As all things in America skew toward what's safe and politically correct, it's more important than ever that we have Las Vegas in all its glory and love for freedom. Vegas and I have always been, as they might say at the tables, a natural."
For more than 25 years, Bill Maher has set the boundaries of where funny, political talk can go on American television. First on "Politically Incorrect" (1993 - 2002) and for the last 19 years on HBO's "Real Time," Maher's combination of unflinching honesty and comedic prowess has garnered him 41 Emmy nominations. Maher started his career as a stand-up comedian in 1979 and currently performs at least 50 dates annually in Las Vegas and in sold-out theaters across the country. Bill has also been recognized with numerous Emmy nominations for his stand-up specials for HBO. He's done 11 solo specials for the premium cable channel including, "Bill Maher: Be More Cynical" (2000), "I'm Swiss" (2005), "Bill Maher ... But I'm Not Wrong" (2010), and his most recent, "Bill Maher: Live From Oklahoma" (2018).
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Issue of the day: Storm as ‘Braveheart’ salutes Trump – HeraldScotland
Posted: at 5:33 pm
NO stranger to controversy, Mel Gibson has stoked the flames once more by saluting Donald Trump in a gesture that has thrown the spotlight back on the Hollywood stars headline past.
Braveheart himself?
The 1995 historical saga Braveheart, directed by Gibson and starring him as William Wallace, won him the Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture and remains one of his most famous roles, along with his iconic appearances in movie franchises such as Lethal Weapon and Mad Max.
Whats he been up to?
The New York-born actor, now 65 - who moved to Sydney, Australia, with his family as a child - was spotted saluting former president Donald Trump at a UFC (Ultimate Fighting Championship) match in Las Vegas between mixed martial artists Conor McGregor and Dustin Poirier. A TikTok video featuring the salute - showing Gibson raising his right hand to his head as Trump entered the arena and walked past him - instantly went viral.
What has Gibson said?
The star has not commented on the salute, but in a separate video on UFCs Twitter page, his presence at the event was highlighted and he said he wanted to see a good match ahead of the bout.
It hasnt gone down well?
Some of the online reaction included Trump fans declaring Gibson a true patriot, while other remarks ranged from straightforward Mel Gibson trending, time to log off from Meena Harris, niece of the current Vice President of the US, Kamala Harris, to other posts accusing the star of racism and saying There is no such thing as cancel culture if Mel Gibson isnt cancelled by now.
He has given no indication of being a Trump fan in the past?
Ahead of the 2016 presidential election, as Trump vied with Hillary Clinton, Gibson said the choices we have are, theyre not good choices at the moment And he said of Trumps plan to build a wall between the US and Mexico that it was nonsensical.
But he has sparked controversy in the past?
In 2006, he made widely reported anti-Semitic comments when he was arrested for drink-driving, accusing Jews of being responsible for all the wars in the world; later saying this did not reflect his true feelings and apologising to "everyone in the Jewish community. In 2010, he was heard in a voicemail to his former partner Oksana Grigorieva that if you get raped by a pack of n*****s, it will be your fault.
As for Gibson?
Said to be worth around $475 million, the father-of-nine has admitted his political incorrectness in the past. He told Fox News in the US last year: Who the hell cares what I think? Im not an expert what am I qualified to talk about? Its alright. It allows you a sense of anonymity so that in your performance you can come out and just be anything; youre not already carrying a lot of baggage. He added: I am politically incorrect, thats true. Political correctness to me is just intellectual terrorism.
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Full transcript of "Face the Nation" on July 18, 2021 – CBS News
Posted: at 5:33 pm
On this week's "Face the Nation," moderated by John Dickerson:
Clickhereto browse full transcripts of "Face the Nation."
JOHN DICKERSON: I'm John Dickerson in Washington. And this week on FACE THE NATION, with scientists now warning that if you are unvaccinated, you will likely get the coronavirus, will that change the minds of the biggest holdouts when it comes to getting vaccinated? America is seeing a summer surge of COVID. Case rates have more than doubled since late June, fueled by the highly contagious Delta variant.
DR. GRANT COLFAX: The Delta variant is COVID on steroids. This virus is far more infectious than the COVID we were dealing with a year ago.
JOHN DICKERSON: According to the CDC, this surge was avoidable. Hotspots are mostly states or regions with low vaccine rates. In Springfield, Missouri, cases are up one hundred and fifty percent since last month. We'll talk with the city's mayor, Ken McClure. And we'll check in with former FDA Commissioner Doctor Scott Gottlieb. In their campaign to get more people vaccinated, the Biden administration targets COVID-19 social media misinformation.
MAN: What's your message to platforms like Facebook?
PRESIDENT JOE BIDEN: Look, the only pandemic we have is among the unvaccinated. And that's-- and they're-- and they're killing people.
Trending News
JOHN DICKERSON: What can be done to fight misinformation? We'll ask the former head of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Chris Krebs. Elections expert, David Becker, will weigh in on challenges across the country to voting laws. And CBS News business analyst Jill Schlesinger will tell us why prices are rising, and if and when we should expect to see them return to normal. Plus, context on some of the jaw-dropping revelations from new books about the Trump presidency. With former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral Michael Mullen.
It's all just ahead on FACE THE NATION.
Good morning, and welcome to FACE THE NATION. Many weeks when we put together this broadcast, we're challenged by the number of stories that we want to cover and how best to illuminate them. This is one of those weeks. We're going to try to get to a lot today. Our lead is clear, though, it's a story that has dominated the news for eighteen months now, with a dangerous new twist, causing a surge of the coronavirus here in the U.S. Mark Strassmann reports from Van Horn, Texas.
(Begin VT)
MARK STRASSMANN (CBS News Senior National Correspondent): COVID has boomeranged. The menace, the masking, the fear, all back. And it's largely a self-inflicted wound across our two Americas.
DR. ROCHELLE WALENSKY: This is becoming a pandemic of the unvaccinated.
MARK STRASSMANN: As of midnight, Los Angeles reimposed its indoor mask mandate. Las Vegas wants safer odds, now recommending masks in casinos and all indoor spaces. For the first time since January, new weekly COVID cases have jumped in all fifty states, fueled by the Delta variant. Nationally, a spike of almost seventy percent. Hospitalizations up roughly thirty-six percent. Deaths, twenty-six percent. But in the same week, nationally new vaccination doses plummeted another thirty-five percent.
Immunologists say these dots are easy to connect. Take Texas, in the bottom twenty states for its vaccination rate. Week to week, new cases here soared more than one hundred percent.
Or consider the sickest COVID patients, the ones in hospitals. Nationwide, ninety-seven percent of them are unvaccinated.
WOMAN: Let's get rid of the vaccine.
MARK STRASSMANN: Especially galling to scientists, the relentless campaign of distrust and disinformation against the vaccines. COVID patients are getting younger, more children in the ICU. Florida's rate of new COVID cases four times the national average. Governor Ron DeSantis encourages vaccinations but hawks merchandise online that's anti-Fauci and anti-masking, messaging that resonates with millions of Americans.
MAN #1: I'm just done. I'm not-- I've-- I'm vaccinated. I don't need to wear a mask.
MARK STRASSMANN: Infections surges in places like Tennessee in the bottom five for vaccinating adults. Eighty percent of children here between twelve and fifteen are also unvaccinated. But the state has stopped all vaccine outreach to adolescents.
MAN #2: We've got to get folks back into their pediatrician, back into their doctor, and really ensure that they have adequate access to vaccinations and adequate education.
(End VT)
JOHN DICKERSON: That's Mark Strassmann in Van Horn, Texas.
We go now to Ken McClure, the mayor of Springfield, Missouri, where cases have skyrocketed, driven by the spread of the Delta variant. Good morning, Mister Mayor.
KEN MCCLURE (Mayor of Springfield): Good morning, thank you for having me.
JOHN DICKERSON: In your community, the two largest hospitals are maxed out. One of them, the-- the CEO of the hospital tweeted that he was pleading with people so that nurses would have to stop zipping body bags. How did it come to this?
KEN MCCLURE: I think there are several reasons. First, Springfield is a hub. We are an attraction for tourism, we are an attraction for transportation, for business, for higher education and certainly health care. So, people come to Springfield to shop, to do business. And so, people will come here. And I think that has greatly increased our exposure, compounded with what has been already indicated on misinformation.
JOHN DICKERSON: What kinds of misinformation are you seeing in your community?
KEN MCCLURE: I think we are seeing a lot spread through social media as people are talking about fears which they have, health-related fears, what it might do to them later on in their lives, what might be contained in the vaccinations. And that information is just incorrect. And I think we as a society and certainly in our community are being hurt by it.
JOHN DICKERSON: There's been a conversation throughout this pandemic about information that comes from the top down and information that comes in the community, which is why we wanted to talk to you. What is the most effective work that's going on there on the ground to address those who are vaccine hesitant?
KEN MCCLURE: We are a community of collaboration. Nothing really of substance gets done in Springfield without a lot of people talking about it. And so, we're focusing on those trusted community leaders, those trusted community institutions. And we know that if it comes from the community and leaders of people trust that helps. The Springfield News-Leader this morning had a great article, focusing on several community leaders who had taken the vaccine, why they were encouraging it. So, we are working with so many entities to try to spread the word. And these are trusted sources. And I think that's a key to what we have to do to overcome this.
JOHN DICKERSON: How about in the churches? The pastors-- there's been-- pastors have been talking about it, haven't they?
KEN MCCLURE: The pastors have been a great help through this. We had established in April a year ago what we call the Have Faith Initiative, which at its peak had eighty to one hundred different churches across denominational lines. We've had several of our largest churches, including the pastors in the last week or ten days, stepping up from the pulpit and urging that their congregations get vaccinated. Churches have been stepping up to host vaccination clinics, and the key is faith leaders are trusted. People respect those who-- with whom they worship, their worship leaders. And so we are relying upon those trusted entities. And it's-- we had just this past week, for example, the latest numbers showing that we had the largest increase in our vaccination rate in several weeks. And so I am optimistic that that message is starting to take-- take hold right now.
JOHN DICKERSON: How about-- there's another somewhat mildly controversial issue about going door to door to get the information to people who may not get this kind of accurate information you were talking about? How-- how has that worked in your community?
KEN MCCLURE: Well, I think the whole discussion and going door to door has been overblown, I will tell you that public health has been using the door to-- going door-to-door philosophy for years. It has been a tried-and-true practice which they use. Our Springfield-Greene County Public Health Department is using it, has been using it for a long time. But the key is that these are trusted community people. We call them community advocates. So, it gets down to the people that community members will trust, the spreading information that is factual and trustworthy.
JOHN DICKERSON: And how has the community in-- in the past, there have been instances where a community faced with a challenge like this unifies. But we've seen so much disunity in America on some of these questions related to the coronavirus. How has the reaction been in this most recent wave, as you've seen the Delta variant come through Springfield?
KEN MCCLURE: The most recent wave, in my opinion, has been very positive because we're talking about community collaboration and that, ultimately, is going to be the key to our success. We know what the solution is. It's vaccination. People need to get it. It's readily available. We have so many sites that can ser-- provide that service. The age groups are now all encompassing down to age twelve. So it gets down to the community leaders, the community institutions that people trust, saying you have to get vaccination. That's the only way that we are going to emerge from this.
JOHN DICKERSON: You mentioned the school. Springfield is the home to the-- to the largest school district in the state as I understand it. Mass mandates have come back for the summer. What do you think about mandatory vaccinations for the fall when they go back to school?
KEN MCCLURE: Well, mandatory vaccinations are going to be a very, very touchy issues, particularly, as you get into publicly funded institutions. Some private institutions are doing that. I know our school district is strongly encouraging that vaccinations occur. They'll be doing that, I think, as students come back in the fall and to urge their parents to do that. But I have every confidence that the Springfield Public School District will take the appropriate steps to make sure students are as safe as can be. I know they want to focus on in-person learning and I believe that they'll be able to do that.
JOHN DICKERSON: A number of other counties in Missouri have low vaccination rates. What would you advise the mayors and leaders in those counties who haven't yet experienced what you're going through? What would your message to them be?
KEN MCCLURE: My message is that the surge is coming. The Delta variant will be there. It's going to spread. It's already spreading throughout Missouri. Take advantage of this time to get your vaccination rates up as high as you can. Use your community collaboration, your trusted sources, make sure that people have good information, solid information, and use that time wisely because it will be too late if you have not established those relationships by the time that it gets there. But the surge will spread. And so, hopefully, people can learn what we've been experiencing here in Springfield.
JOHN DICKERSON: Mayor Ken McClure, we thank you very much for being with us this morning. Good luck in your community. Thanks again.
KEN MCCLURE: Thank you.
JOHN DICKERSON: And we go now to former FDA Commissioner Doctor Scott Gottlieb, who is on the board of Pfizer and joins us from Westport, Connecticut. Good morning, Doctor Gottlieb.
SCOTT GOTTLIEB, M.D. (Former FDA Commisisoner/@ScottGottliebMD): Good morning.
JOHN DICKERSON: So the CDC director said this week that the-- that there is an epidemic of the unvaccinated. What's your reaction to that?
SCOTT GOTTLIEB: Well, look, when you look at the people who have been hospitalized, ninety-seven percent of the hospitalizations are in people who are unvaccinated and most of the deaths that are occurring right now are in people who are unvaccinated. The bottom line is that many people are no longer susceptible to COVID, more than fifty percent, about fifty percent of the population has been fully vaccinated. Probably another third of the American population has been previously infected with this virus. So many people aren't susceptible to the virus. But if twenty-five percent of the population remains susceptible to the virus, in absolute terms, that's still a lot of people. And this virus is so contagious, this variant is so contagious that it's going to infect the majority that most people will either get vaccinated or have been previously infected or they will get this Delta variant. And for most people who get this Delta variant, it's going to be the most serious virus that they get in their lifetime in terms of the risk of putting them in the hospital.
JOHN DICKERSON: We just talked to the mayor there of Springfield, Missouri, who said it was-- sent a message to other communities--it's coming. Do we-- it just reminds me of the original days of this pandemic where the numbers kind of caught up to where reality was. Is-- do we have a handle really on the Delta variant and how it's spreading and how much of it there is in the community.
SCOTT GOTTLIEB: Well, we're seeing a decoupling between cases and hospitalizations and deaths, and I think that's likely to persist, England is seeing that as well, and they're-- they're further ahead in terms of their Delta epidemic than us. And that's because more of the vulnerable population has been vaccinated. I think, at this point, we're probably undercounting how many infections are in the United States right now, because to the extent that a lot of the infections are occurring in younger and healthier people who might be getting mild illness, they're not-- probably not presenting to get tested. And to extent that there are some breakthrough cases either asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic cases in those who have been vaccinated, they're not presenting to get tested because, if you've been vaccinated, you don't think that you have the coronavirus, even if you develop a mild illness. And we're not doing a lot of routine screening right now. Unless you work for the New York Yankees you're not getting tested on a regular basis. So, I think that this Delta wave could be far more advanced than what we're detecting right now in our ascertainment. The number of cases we're actually picking up could be lower. At the peak of the epidemic, in the wintertime, we were probably turning over one in three or one in four infections. In the summer wave of last summer, we were probably picking up more like one in ten infections. We might be picking up something on the order of one in ten or one in twenty infections right now because more of those infections are occurring in people who either won't present for testing or they're mild infections and they're self-limiting. So, the people who tend to be getting tested right now are people who are getting very sick or people who are developing tell-tale symptoms of COVID like loss of taste or smell. And that's only about fifteen or twenty percent of people who will become infected.
JOHN DICKERSON: So, if there's low ascertainment, if we don't really know as much that's in the community as is actually there. And you live in a low-vaccinated community that doesn't yet have the headlines about hospitals filling, is that a fair expectation that you're going to start seeing those headlines in some number of days?
SCOTT GOTTLIEB.: It depends on where you live, I think if you live in states like I'm in right now where vaccination rates are very high and there's been a lot of previous spread, there is a wall of immunity. And I think it's going to be a backstop against Delta spread. If you're in parts of the country where vaccination rates are low and there hasn't been a lot of virus spread and that's a lot of parts of the rural south. I think it's much more vulnerable. I think people who live in those communities, especially if you live in communities where the prevalence is already high, I think it's prudent to take precautions if you're a vulnerable individual. And Delta is so contagious that when we talk about masks, I don't think we should just talk about masks. I think we should be talking about high-quality mask. Quality of mask is going to make a difference with a variant that spreads more aggressively like Delta does, where people are more contagious and exude more virus and trying to get in N95 masks into the hands of vulnerable individuals in places where this is really epidemic, I think is going to be important. Even in cases where they're vaccinated, if they want to add another layer of protection, there are a supply of N95 masks right now. There is no shortage. There's plenty of masks available for health care workers. So it could be something that we start talking about getting better quality masks into the hands of people, because I think it's going to be hard to mandate these things right now. But we can certainly provide them so people can use them on a voluntary basis to try to protect themselves.
JOHN DICKERSON: Let me just underscore that briefly, because one of the things we have seen is in people who don't want to get vaccinated, they say, well, I'll wear a mask. But your point is if you're going to wear a mask, any old piece of cloth isn't going to do. You have to have an N95 or something that's truly robust.
SCOTT GOTTLIEB: Right, remember, the original discussion around masks was that if we put masks on everyone, people who are asymptomatic and likely to transmit the infection would be less likely to transmit the infection if they had a cloth mask on or even a procedure mask on. And there is data to suggest that. There's data in flu and there's now data in COVID. But if you want to actually derive protection from the mask, meaning you want to protect yourself from others spreading the virus to you. Quality of mask does matter and a-- and a high-quality N95 mask is going to afford you a much better level of protection, especially if you fit it and wear it properly. So, quality of mask is important. And I think if you're a vulnerable individual who wants to use that mask to protect yourself and not just use that mask to cut down on the risk that you could be a super spreader, you could be spreading the virus to others, then you have to look out for a high-quality mask. They are available. Remember, originally during the epidemic, people were reluctant to recommend masks because there was a shortage for health care workers. There's now plenty of masks. The administration has done a good job getting masks out into the marketplace so you can get them from reputable suppliers like 3M right now.
JOHN DICKERSON: Let me ask you about misinformation. From a medical perspective what are the one or two things that are out there that are the biggest sources of misinformation, in your view?
SCOTT GOTTLIEB: Probably the most pervasive is that somehow the vaccine itself is going to have an impact on fertility. I think that that's discouraging a lot of young women from getting vaccinated. I think quite the opposite is true. What we've seen is COVID infection during pregnancy can be very dangerous. I think every woman who's an expectant mom or a prospective mom should be talking to their doctor about getting vaccinated. The CDC has now started a registry called v-safe. You can go on and look at it right now where they've a one hundred and thirty-three thousand women who've registered for this registry who became pregnant after they got vaccinated-- they got vaccinated, while they were pregnant. And so, they are prospectively collecting data on the safety of the vaccine in pregnancy, and it looks very encouraging. Pfizer, the company I'm on the board of, is also doing a study of the vaccine in pregnancy. So, I think this is the single biggest piece of misinformation out there to discourage use of the vaccine. The other one is that this is somehow a DNA vaccine. It's going to integrate into your genome. That's not the case. This is an mRNA vaccine. And what it really is doing is delivering a genetic sequence of mRNA of the-- of the spike protein. So, basically, the sequence that codes for production of the spike protein, which is a protein on the surface of the virus that we want to develop antibodies against. And when the body sees that mRNA, it does one of two things. Either it destroys it or it translates it into the protein, and then your body develops antibodies against that protein. All vaccines work on the same basic principle and that they're trying to deliver a protein on the surface of the virus, that you're trying to stimulate the immune system to develop antibodies against. In this case, instead of delivering that protein directly what you're delivering is a genetic sequence for that protein.
JOHN DICKERSON: All right. Doctor Scott Gottlieb, thank you so much, as always. See you next week. FACE THE NATION will be back in a minute. Stay with us.
(ANNOUNCEMENTS)
JOHN DICKERSON: Last week the Biden administration outlined several steps aimed at fighting back against both cyberattacks and misinformation campaigns. Chris Krebs is the former director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency and now founding partner of Krebs Stamos Group. And he joins us now in person as a real live human here. Nice to see you, Chris.
CHRISTOPHER KREBS (Partner, Krebs Stamos Group/Former Director, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency/@C_C_Krebs): Good to be here.
JOHN DICKERSON: Thank you for being here. Let's start with misinformation. The-- the-- the surgeon general put his finger on misinformation in terms of blocking people getting to vaccines. You fought a lot of misinformation with respect to elections. Do you see similarities between those two?
CHRISTOPHER KREBS: Absolutely. And it was a-- it was a remarkable week in terms of pronouncements both from some of the social media platforms, Facebook as well as the administration. What-- what we are seeing here, though, is an ecosystem of information purveyors. Some of this is politically motivated. Some of it is the anti-vax community. Some of it is, you know, profiteering. And I tend to believe that there's a lot of that going on here--
JOHN DICKERSON: Profiteering, people selling quack cures.
CHRISTOPHER KREBS: Yeah. And-- and there was a-- there was a Washington Post piece the other day about the FTC, a former FTC commissioner, Terrell McSweeny, that asked the FTC to investigate some of this, some of the profiteering off of the pandemic. And I think that is an incredibly important development in how we're going to move beyond not just the pandemic-related disinformation, but also some of the election-related disinformation.
JOHN DICKERSON: And is this different? Is there any foreign meddling in this kind of disinformation? We know about people passing, you know, neighbors who are passing information that isn't square, but is-- are there any foreign entities involved?
CHRISTOPHER KREBS: I think yes, there are. And there tends to be a set of actors. There's state actors, intelligence agents-- agencies. Again, the profiteers, you have conspiracy theorists, anti-vaxxers. You have political activists as well. In what happens, whether it's elections, whether it's COVID, whether it's technology issues, you tend to have an overlap of these different actors. And when you talk about foreign actors and Russian disinformation specialists, in particular, they-- they don't actually have to do a whole lot because we've done so much here domestically to ourselves. But they get the seeds of division that they then amplify, they drive more activity. And, ultimately, what they're looking to do is undermine our confidence in United States of America, ourselves.
JOHN DICKERSON: We're all ready to fight and they just drop in. I think that creates a new round of fighting. Let me ask you about Facebook. They responded to the administration and said eighty-five percent of our users are interested in vaccines, basically, saying the administration is wrong. But the Center for Countering Digital Hate, which the administration pointed to, said that there were basically about twelve Facebook accounts that are spreading this disinformation. Help us think through what the right way to think about this is.
CHRISTOPHER KREBS: Unfortunately, both can be true at the same time. So, yes, Facebook and other social media platforms can provide helpful information on the facts behind the vaccine. And the same thing happened in the elections last year. They had a banner and a trust page. But, at the-- but at the same time, there are those that can use those platforms for their own benefits to continue to push disinformation. Now, what has happened over the last several months is that some of those that the-- the Dirty Dozen or whatever they're calling it, some of those have been de-platformed. But the problem is particularly for vaccine disinformation, it is metastasized and it is now, you mentioned it earlier about the top down and the bottom up, the grassroots piece. It is now so pervasive that it exists just naturally within the ecosystem on Facebook and elsewhere. And that's where we need the platform to be more transparent in how their algorithms work, how engagement works, so that outside security experts and researchers can dig in and hold them accountable, that us as consumers of these platforms can hold them accountable and demand better.
JOHN DICKERSON: So we have about fifteen seconds left? Do you mean the structure of-- of Facebook is-- is raising up just regular people who are spreading information?
CHRISTOPHER KREBS: Unfortunately, fear sells and those clicks drive more engagement.
JOHN DICKERSON: All right. Chris, stay right there. Chris, we'll be right back. We need to take a short break, but stay with us.
(ANNOUNCEMENTS)
JOHN DICKERSON: If you're not able to watch the full FACE THE NATION, you can set your DVR or we're available on demand. Plus, you can watch us through our CBS or Paramount+ app.
(ANNOUNCEMENTS)
JOHN DICKERSON: We'll be right back with a lot more FACE THE NATION, continuing our conversation with Chris Krebs. Stay with us.
(ANNOUNCEMENTS)
JOHN DICKERSON: Welcome back to FACE THE NATION, more with former head of the Cyber Security and Infrastructure Security Agency, Chris Krebs.
Chris, REvil, this is the Russian-based operation that was responsible for the Colonial Pipeline. What happened to them?
CHRISTOPHER KREBS: It's not clear. There are three possibilities. One is that-- that the President meeting with Putin had an effect and the law enforcement or intelligence services in Russia told him to knock it off. That's certainly an option. The second is that some sort of U.S. or allied operation put enough kind of sand in their gears where they decided to pack it up. The third is the theory that Dmitri Alperovitch, formerly of CrowdStrike, now of Silverado Policy Accelerator, is-- has advanced that it's hot in Moscow right now. And these guys just made a lot of money. So maybe they're hanging it up for a couple of months going down to the Black Sea. You know they just picked up some territory there in east-- eastern Ukraine. So maybe hanging out down there.
JOHN DICKERSON: So on the first two theories, the first would be that the Russians are basically proving Biden's case, which is you have control over these people and you can make them stop, which would have implications, wouldn't it, for the-- for the just the general, because the Russians are involved in a lot of bad activities.
CHRISTOPHER KREBS: Absolutely. And, you know, that would tell them-- tell me that they as you said, they have some authority and some ability to compel action. But that doesn't mean that these folks are just going to go away. They can go to other safe havens. Belarus could be an option where they just move up, pack up operations, and go elsewhere that-- that may provide them a little bit more of a, you know, a comforting environment.
JOHN DICKERSON: Now, let's imagine they go for whichever of the three reasons it is, how easily can they be replaced by an equally creative, malevolent force?
CHRISTOPHER KREBS: I would-- what I would expect to see this team, the REvil team who was previously known as GandCrab, I would expect that they would come back and rebrand in the fall probably some new name, some rebrand, and that gives them the advantage of staying off the radar of law enforcement. And if the administration starts sanctioning some of these ransomware crews, which they've done in the past, that, you know, by changing names, it-- it-- it makes law enforcement in the Treasury Department play catch up.
JOHN DICKERSON: Speaking of playing catch up, so there is now somebody in your old jobs.
CHRISTOPHER KREBS: Yes.
JOHN DICKERSON: The administration has a lot of players on the field. Give me your assessment of the Biden administration's cybersecurity team, and I'll throw in there something Garrett Graff in Wired wrote about, which is maybe they got so many people on the field, it's going to be hard for everybody to stay coordinated.
CHRISTOPHER KREBS: So they-- they have an impressive team. And really-- so, Jen Easterly just came in, was confirmed earlier this week. They also have Chris Inglis, who's the new first national cyber director. You have Anne Neuberger in the White House. You have Rob Joyce at the National Security Agency. It's a-- it's a-- it's almost an embarrassment of riches from a capability perspective and kind of going from the last administration, which was, you know, a much smaller set of cyber experts. There's going to be some adjustments. But CISA, my old agency, now Jen Easterly's agency, is the front door for private sector engagement with the U.S. government. And I really look forward to her in that team continuing to move the ball forward on improving cyber defenses here domestically.
JOHN DICKERSON: All right. Chris Krebs, we're out of time. We're probably going to be talking to you a lot more about this issue. So we really appreciate it.
CHRISTOPHER KREBS: Thanks, John.
JOHN DICKERSON: Thank you.
And we turn now to the state of the economy and the recent uptick in consumer prices. CBS News business analyst Jill Schlesinger joins us from Long Island. Good morning, Jill.
JILL SCHLESINGER (CBS News Business Analyst/@jillonmoney): Good morning.
JOHN DICKERSON: So prices are up five percent, it's the biggest rise in thirteen years since August of 2008. What's going on?
JILL SCHLESINGER: Well, there's a lot of different forces. And I just want to point out that a lot of this has to do with the fact that a year ago when we have these price increases, we look back a year, that's when the economy was still mostly shut down. So the effect of looking one year ago is that it seems like this gigantic, big jump in prices. But we also have the confluence of good-old Econ 101: supply and demand. So, obviously, we've been shut down mostly for sixteen months, red-hot consumer demand. There is more than two trillion dollars of excess savings that we have burning a hole in our pockets, and we're spending it big time. And then on the supply side, we've had a lot of bottlenecks in supply in certain areas, and that has really cut off a lot of supply. So you put it altogether, and, as you said, a big price increase even when we take out volatile food and energy, we have the biggest price-- price increases in thirty years.
JOHN DICKERSON: So help us understand what is the result of a once-in-a-lifetime pandemic and this strange coming out of that with an economy, what's going up-- what-- what's increasing and what portion of what's increasing do you think is a result of, say, those bottlenecks you talked about which have to do with the pandemic, and-- and what portion of what's increasing is likely to maybe stay higher as the economy recovers?
JILL SCHLESINGER: Well, I think it's important to note that economists are battling this very question right now. And we don't know the answer. Here's what we do know, the things that went down the most in price during the pandemic are seeing huge increases. So everything in leisure and hospitality has gone sky-high. You know go look for a hotel right now, go try to fly, it's tough. Okay. But then what other areas, as we talk about those supply chains, semiconductor chips are really in need right now. And those are needed in cars because new car production stalled in the beginning of the pandemic, very few suppliers thought that there's going to be this huge demand for cars. Well, no new cars, let me go to the used car market. Wait a second. There are used cars that are up forty percent in price from before the pandemic. This is a huge number. Those kinds of bottlenecks will not continue. But I think the area that economists are most worried about is everything else. And that means that we've got to watch wages, we've got to watch food prices. Clothing and apparel was up very big. And it is unclear to anyone at this moment in time how much of that will stick and for how long.
JOHN DICKERSON: Jill, what about-- I mean, wages are a part of this as well. We hear about labor shortages, and-- and you see companies in the fast-food industry adding more not only to the paycheck, but also benefits. How much are wages a part of this picture, and what do you think the durability of that is? Will that change? Or will they go back down again?
JILL SCHLESINGER: I think this is a really interesting question because for so many years it really felt like employers had the upper hand. And through the pandemic, because there was a lot of ability for people to stay home, we wanted them to stay home, people were really happy to collect the money and be safe, and that was smart. Now we have smaller companies, specifically, complaining they cannot find labor. Now a company like McDonald's or a Starbucks or an Amazon, they can pay up. They've made gobs of money throughout the pandemic. No problem. I think the concern is around some of the smaller employers. The mom-and-pop stores, they are saying we can't find people, we can't afford to pay these wages to compete with the big guys, and we're getting squeezed out. Now if you're a worker, you're feeling pretty good. But remember one thing, we have to really look at these prices because if prices are up by five percent and you only have a three-percent increase, you're losing. In fact, the Labor Department said that if you look at the average wages right now, from a year ago, and you account for inflation, we actually are making 1.7 percent less than we did a year ago. And that's not a great condition for workers.
JOHN DICKERSON: With thirty seconds left, Jill, we can't talk about inflation without talking about the Federal Reserve. What's your sense of what the Federal Reserve will do in response to these signals of inflation?
JILL SCHLESINGER: Well, remember, the Fed has basically two jobs: they want to foster enough economic growth to get people in the labor force; and they want to keep an eye on prices. For ten years prior to the pandemic, they were worried that prices were not rising enough. Now they've got to focus on inflation. The Fed chair, Jerome Powell, has said that the Fed is willing to let inflation run hotter for a little bit longer to get the millions of people who are not yet back in the labor force back in. So I think that we are going to see higher prices at least for another six months. Next year, that's another question. John.
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Akash Kapur and Auralice Graft on ‘Better to Have Gone’ – The New York Times
Posted: at 5:32 pm
You forget at times that youre dealing with real characters, and the story itself is so crazy, he said. It reminded me in some ways of The Beach that sense of hopefulness and a bit of Lord of the Flies.
One of the Mothers and Sri Aurobindos beliefs was that human beings could evolve to have a heightened consciousness, enabling them to transcend physical constraints. There were whispers that the Mother, who had been working on her yoga for years, might achieve immortality.
That kind of thinking persisted after her death, with other members of the community, including Walker and Maes, developing an aversion to Western medicine in favor of yoga, Ayurvedic medicine and focus. Walker died of an illness that was never diagnosed, but those around him suspect it was a kidney infection or intestinal worms, both easily curable. Maes died from poison that she ingested, refusing treatment.
One of the core questions of the book is: At what point does faith tip over the edge into darkness? Kapur said. Utopia and dystopia are very linked.
After Grafts mother and stepfather died, Walkers sister brought her to New York, where she experienced the perks of modern civilization for the first time: running hot water, washing machines, refrigerators and cars. She also faced culture shock, since the lack of a formal, Western education in Auroville left her ill-prepared for New Yorks school system.
She remembers being mystified by a test question involving a touch-tone phone. It was a question that would be very obvious to many people, but I hadnt grown up with a telephone, Graft said. She adapted, eventually attending the University of Southern California and then graduate school at Columbia University.
Kapurs parents his Indian father attended classes at Sri Aurobindos ashram as a child and his American mother grew up on a farm in Minnesota held more moderate beliefs. At one point in Aurovilles history, the community went through its own version of an anti-establishment revolution in which zealousness was prized, books were burned and schools were closed. So Kapurs parents moved to nearby Pondicherry to ensure his education was never disrupted, he said, and at 16, he transferred to boarding school in the United States, then went to Harvard.
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Akash Kapur and Auralice Graft on 'Better to Have Gone' - The New York Times
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The new government must now issue strong measures against corona – The Times of Israel
Posted: at 5:32 pm
When PM Bennett was still in the opposition, we needed to hear from him every day how PM Netanyahu was negligent in stopping the pandemic from killing us. He had wonderful plans, selflessly created for all of us. Why would the PM not take up his 15-point plan to save us all?
Now hes PM, hes preaching to the public, but again, we hear no preventative measures from our head of government.
Frankly, I dont care why he knew everything better when he was not in charge, and why he is dysfunctional now he is. I want him to act.
Measures to limit potential super spreader evens, to mandate mask wearing, to up the frequency of buses, to subsidize Plexiglas dividers, etc.
At least with Bibi, Mr. Capitalism, I had the feeling that he understood that prioritizing protecting our public health was the best support of our economy. Now, with this left-wing coalition, I get the feeling that protecting short-term profit for the rich became the highest priority.
In Israel, everything is always upside-down.
Who needs anarchists with a government like this?
MM is a prolific and creative writer and thinker, a daily blog contributor to the TOI. He is a fetal survivor of the pharmaceutical industry (https://diethylstilbestrol.co.uk/studies/des-and-psychological-health/), born in 1953 to two Dutch survivors who met in the largest concentration camp in the Netherlands, Westerbork, and holds a BA in medicine (University of Amsterdam). He taught Re-evaluation Co-counseling, became a social activist, became religious, made Aliyah, and raised three wonderful kids. He wrote an unpublished tome about Jewish Free Will. He's a strict vegan since 2008. He's an Orthodox Jew but not a rabbi. * His most influential teachers (chronologically) are: his parents, Nico (natan) van Zuiden and Betty (beisye) Nieweg, Wim Kan, Mozart, Harvey Jackins, Marshal Rosenberg, Reb Shlomo Carlebach, and, lehavdil bein chayim lechayim: Rabbi Dr. Natan Lopes Cardozo, Rav Zev Leff, and Rav Meir Lubin. * Previously, for decades, he was known to the Jerusalem Post readers as a frequent letter writer. For a couple of years, he wrote hasbara for the Dutch public. His fields of attention now are varied: Psychology (including Sexuality and Abuse), Medicine (including physical immortality), Science (statistics), Politics (Israel, the US and the Netherlands, Activism - more than leftwing or rightwing, he hopes to highlight Truth), Oppression and Liberation (intersectionally, for young people, the elderly, non-Whites, women, workers, Jews, LGBTQIA, foreigners and anyone else who's dehumanized or exploited), Integrity, Philosophy, Jews (Judaism, Zionism, Holocaust and Jewish Liberation), Ecology and Veganism. Sometimes he's misunderstood because he has such a wide vision that never fits any specialist's box. But that's exactly what many love about him. Many of his posts relate to affairs from the news or the Torah Portion of the Week or are new insights that suddenly befell him. * He hopes that his words will inspire and inform, reassure the doubters but make the self-assured doubt more. He strives to bring a fresh perspective rather than bore you with the obvious. He doesn't expect his readers to agree. Rather, original minds must be disputed. In short, his main political positions are: anti-Trumpism, for Zionism, Intersectionality, non-violence, democracy, anti the fake peace process, for original-Orthodoxy, Science, Free Will, anti blaming-the-victim and for down-to-earth optimism. Read his blog how he attempts to bridge any discrepancies. He admits sometimes exaggerating to make a point, which could have him come across as nasty, while in actuality, he's quite a lovely person to interact with. He holds - how Dutch - that a strong opinion doesn't imply intolerance of other views. * His writing has been made possible by an allowance for second-generation Holocaust survivors from the Netherlands. It has been his dream since he was 38 to try to make a difference by teaching through writing. He had three times 9-out-of-10 for Dutch at his high school finals but is spending his days communicating in English and Hebrew - how ironic. G-d must have a fine sense of humor. In case you wonder - yes, he is a bit dyslectic. November 13, 2018, he published his 500th blog post with the ToI. If you're a native English speaker and wonder why you should read from people whose English is only their second language, consider the advantage of having a peek outside of your cultural bubble. * To find his earlier blog posts on a certain subject XXX, among his over 1200 ones, go to the right-top corner of the Times of Israel page, click on the search icon and search "zuiden, XXX". His second daily active less tame blog, to which one may subscribe, one may find here: https://mmvanzuiden.wordpress.com/ or by clicking on the globe icon next to his picture on top. * To send any personal reaction to him, scroll to the top of the blog post and click Contact Me.
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The new government must now issue strong measures against corona - The Times of Israel
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Covid-19 Variants and the Vaccine Booster: What You Need to Know – Rolling Stone
Posted: at 5:32 pm
As the Covid-19 vaccine rollout began to gain momentum in early 2021, so too did a handful of variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, including those originating in the United Kingdom, South Africa, and Brazil. In addition to the sense of relief that came when the highly anticipated shots finally started making it into arms, it became increasingly difficult to ignore the looming threat of these emerging strains including the fact that they werent widely circulating when the vaccines were developed.
Viruses evolve constantly, but rarely in front of a captive and traumatized worldwide audience. Immediately, there were questions: Would the exceptionally high efficacy rates demonstrated during the clinical trials decrease dramatically once the new variants were factored in? Will the vaccines we are getting offer enough (or any) protection against these strains? If not, will we need a booster?
Fortunately, early data suggested that the Covid vaccines were effective against the first few widespread variants. But with each new dominant strain have come renewed fears that the vaccines we were counting on to end the pandemic may not be up to the job. This has happened most recently with the Delta variant, which is more highly contagious than the original version of the virus thanks, in part, to how quickly it grows inside a persons respiratory tract and is now the dominant coronavirus strain in the United States.
As our knowledge of the Delta variant increased, so did the number of questions about Covid vaccine boosters. The combination of curiosity, concern, and confusion over boosters reached fever pitch when, on July 8th, pharmaceutical company Pfizer announced plans to seek emergency use authorization (EUA) from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for a Covid-19 vaccine booster shot in August 2021. A few hours later, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and FDA released a joint statement saying that fully vaccinated individuals dont need a booster at this time resulting in more confusion and questions.
While were far from having all the answers, having a better grasp on variants, boosters, and other variables can help us make sense of the latest headlines. Heres what we know so far.
After living through a global pandemic, the last thing you want to hear is that the virus behind it all has been evolving, and is now spreading in multiple iterations. But not only is it important to keep in mind that its incredibly common for viruses to mutate over time, but also that all variants arent equally dangerous. The threat of a particular strain comes down to a number of factors, including how similarly it acts to the original virus, and how quickly the evolution is taking place.
Take HIV, for example. It mutates at a much faster rate than other viruses, which is making it incredibly difficult for scientists to create a vaccine that would be able to trigger the necessary immune response while keeping up with its evolution. How fast are we talking? As Dr. Larry Corey, a virologist at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and co-founder of the HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) told Rolling Stone in April, when it comes to mutations, what Covid does in two months, HIV does in one day. This is one of the reasons why it was possible to create multiple Covid-19 vaccines in less than a year, but an HIV vaccine does not yet exist after decades of research. Both viruses evolve, but at very different rates.
In fact, as far as variants go, Dr. Kirsten Lyke, professor of medicine at the University of Maryland School of Medicine and researcher at their Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, says that weve been lucky with the ones that have emerged and spread so far. Thats because while the new strains may be more transmissible than the original SARS-CoV-2 virus, there are still enough similarities that if someone had an adequate immune response to the Covid-19 vaccine, it appears that they are also protected against the recent variants of concerns, like Alpha, Beta, and Delta.
Of course, thats not to say that the current iterations of the Covid-19 vaccines will work against all of the future variants which is one of the reasons were talking about booster shots.
Before getting too deep into boosters, lets look at why we might need one in the first place. As the name suggests, booster shots are follow-up doses of a vaccine, given to bolster the immune system if the initial vaccination is no longer effective. Thats right: although much of the conversation surrounding Covid vaccine booster shots makes it seem as though theyre inevitable, its still unclear whether well need one at all. And based on the limited data that is currently available (more on that in a minute), at this point, there is no definitive evidence that a Covid booster is necessary.
So how would we know if that changes? According to Lyke who is currently co-principal investigator of a National Institutes of Health (NIH) multicenter clinical trial looking into mixing different combinations of Covid-19 vaccines and boosters based on where we are right now in the pandemic, there are three scenarios that would require a booster shot.
The first, she explains, would be if we get to a point where the emerging variants are sufficiently able to escape the vaccine and our initial vaccinations no longer offer sufficient protection. Another possibility is that the current vaccines ability to trigger an immune response to the novel coronavirus wanes over time something Lyke says isnt uncommon. Finally, a booster may be necessary for people who didnt mount enough of an immune response after receiving their initial Covid-19 vaccination because of a compromised immune system or recent transplant.
Along the same lines, booster shots can take one of two formats: They can either be an additional dose of the original vaccine (to give the recipients immune system the opportunity to produce more antibodies), or an updated formulation designed to extend the vaccines protection to additional variants. Currently, Pfizer and Moderna each have clinical trials underway to evaluate both third doses of their initial vaccine, as well as new booster vaccines targeting the emerging strains. While Johnson & Johnson has not yet announced their own Covid vaccine booster studies, Lykes NIH-sponsored clinical trial includes people who received the J&J shot initially, and aims to identify the most effective booster option for them.
Though its still too soon to know whether well end up needing a Covid-19 vaccine booster (and if so, what kind), data demonstrating how the current vaccines protect against the new variants have started trickling in. At this point, Pfizer, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson have each released findings from internal lab studies indicating that their respective vaccines provided sufficient protection against a number of variants, including Delta.
Some of the first real-world data came out of Israel on July 5th, when the countrys Ministry of Health announced the results of their own epidemiological analysis that found that the Pfizer vaccine is roughly 64 percent effective against preventing infection and symptomatic illness caused by the current SARS-CoV-2 variants. While that may sound like a substantial drop compared to the 95 percent efficacy rates reported after the vaccines initial clinical trials, the Israeli study found that the Pfizer vaccine was still around 93 percent effective in preventing cases involving serious illness and hospitalization.
There is also new insight into why the Pfizer and Moderna mRNA vaccines are able to offer protection against several variants, thanks to a study published in the journal Nature on June 28th. The findings of the research suggest that the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines may trigger an ongoing immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus that could offer lasting protection including against some emerging variants.
Antibodies and, to a lesser extent, T-cells have gotten most of the attention when it comes to Covid and immunity, but that narrow focus overlooks the lesser-known-but-mighty B-cells, which are responsible for producing the antibodies. After vaccination, our immune system sets up training camps to perfect the immune cells responding to the vaccine, says Dr. Ali Ellebedy, an immunologist at Washington University in St. Louis, and lead researcher on the study. These camps are called germinal center reactions, and they train vaccine-responding B cells.
According to Ellebedy, when a vaccine effectively prompts a persons body to establish these B-cell training camps, there are two main outcomes: Optimized antibodies that strongly bind to the vaccine (in this case, the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein), and cells that have been granted immortality by being transformed into immune memory cells.
We were not surprised to see a robust germinal center reaction after Pfizers SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, given all the data that came out showing how strong the responses in blood are, Ellebedy says. What we found remarkable is that these germinal center reactions persisted for months after vaccination, indicating that a lot of perfected immune memory cells have been graduating. In other words, like the virus, our own B cells continuously evolve in order to tailor the antibodies they produce so that they have the potential not only to recognize the original strain, but the emerging variants as well.
But despite the vaccines durable immune response, booster shots arent off the table. Our findings tell us that if the virus had not evolved, we would not have been discussing the need for boosters at least for healthy people, Ellebedy explains. But now that multiple variants of concerns have emerged, the situation with the variant has become the main determinant of whether we will need a booster or not.
This brings us back to Pfizers recent announcement about the encouraging data seen in an ongoing booster clinical trial involving a third shot of their current Covid-19 vaccine, and their plans to share their findings with the FDA as soon as next month, and apply for emergency use authorization soon after. Immediately, some scientists were critical of the pharmaceutical companys move, noting that it was still unclear when or even if a booster will ever be required, and suggesting that Pfizers push for boosters was a way to guarantee continued demand for their vaccines.
Pfizer and BioNTech, of course, are industry, and theyre interested in advancing their products, says Dr. Wilbur Chen, the chief of the adult clinical studies section within the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. They certainly are aware that the booster dose variant discussion is important, are super excited that theyve got this positive data, and are broadcasting that theyre going to publish it soon.
And while theres nothing out-of-line about Pfizers research process and plans for the future, their announcement itself has been the source of some confusion. The lay person hears about all these different developments and thinks that when a company is going forward with an FDA application, that its almost like a shoo-in for [the vaccine] being used immediately, Chen tells Rolling Stone. After seeing how quickly Covid vaccine research and approval moved [in the second half of 2020], resulting in shots in arms, people are now accustomed to that process and timeline. But thats not the way that were going to do it with boosters, because yes, were going to have a booster dose ready on the shelf and authorized potentially, but were not going to implement it until the data shows that we need to use it.
Thats why the CDC and FDA stepped in to clear things up a few hours after Pfizers news release. In their joint statement, the CDC and the FDA are saying, OK, youre hearing about positive data, and that its going to be submitted to regulatory authorities, but that does not mean that the government is deciding to implement booster doses now, Chen explains. But the agencies also stipulate that theyre continuing to review new data as it comes in, and are prepared for booster doses if and when the science demonstrates that they are needed.
While the data currently available suggest that boosters are not needed at this time, we still have no idea whats next for the vaccines and the variants. COVID has been such a learning curve, Lyke tells Rolling Stone. Its almost impossible to make a prediction, and anyone that says that we absolutely will need boosters, just doesnt know.
For this reason, Lyke says that its important to conduct research on boosters now so that if the day comes when Covid vaccine boosters are needed, well have the necessary evidence at hand. It remains to be seen if a new variant comes down the pike that completely manages to evade the [current] vaccines coverage, she notes. That would be kind of a nightmare scenario, and we would have to really scramble, because everyone would have to be boosted.
The good news is that if or when we get to the point of having variants that require a more targeted booster, researchers wont be starting from scratch. Thats why as scientists, we like the mRNA approach, Chen explains, because as long as you have the sequence of the new variant virus, you can pop that in and make a new booster dose that reflects that variant pretty quickly.
But even if the process of creating a booster vaccine formulation is relatively straightforward, there is still a need for additional research before one is administered. For example, the NIH-funded clinical trial Lyke is overseeing aims to answer two key questions about potential boosters: Are they safe? And what kind of immune response will these boosters generate?
Essentially, we have questions on the need for boosters in the future, and the time to answer those is now, in the summer, when the COVID prevalence is pretty low, and people are pretty well-vaccinated, Lyke explains. That way well have all the data in hand, and can make the tough decision moving forward, because if were going to do another mass vaccination with boosters and everyone gets one injection of something, we really want to know what the best something is.
Why scientists are focusing on continued vaccination, in addition to studying the new variants.
The steady stream of news alerting us to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants each seemingly more dangerous than the last has left us in a perpetual cycle of pandemic panic, but Dr. Sarah Fortune, chair of the department of immunology and infectious diseases at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, says that this shouldnt cause us to lose focus on the continued rollout of the initial Covid vaccines.
From the perspective of pathogen evolution, I think that the questions focusing on one variant Delta, Lambda, probably with Gamma, Theta, [and] Zeta to come are missing the point, Fortune tells Rolling Stone. There is still a huge amount of virus in the world, and a huge number of non-immune people who can be easily infected. And unlike the approximately 24 percent of American adults who plan to opt out of getting the Covid vaccine, people in other parts of the world who havent yet been vaccinated arent necessarily in that category by choice. According to data from the University of Oxford, only one percent of those living in low-income countries have received at least one dose.
In addition to the human toll, the continued spread of Covid-19 is a threat to global health because as long as it circulates, the virus has the opportunity to further evolve spinning off more transmissible variants. There is not evolutionary pressure for the virus to cause severe disease per se, and so some of the variants might be more dangerous and some might be less dangerous, Fortune explains. But as a general principle, evolution favors transmission.
And while its too early to tell how the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is going to play out and consequently, what that means in terms of a potential booster shot Fortune stresses the importance of expanding the worldwide vaccine rollout. Right now, she says, the single most important thing that we can do is continue to rapidly push vaccine coverage to try to get the global reservoir of virus down so basically, the virus has fewer shots on goal.
Lyke agrees. If there are people out there that havent been vaccinated, she says, our first message is for goodness sake, go and get vaccinated whatever you can get access to because they all still have very good efficacy against severe Covid and hospitalization.
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Covid-19 Variants and the Vaccine Booster: What You Need to Know - Rolling Stone
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Mycorrhizal fungi helped plants make the transition from water to land Read now – Massive Science
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What would an RNA molecule today have to say about the origins of life? We live in a world where cellular life is dominated by DNA, but this wasnt always the case. The Origins of LifeAgain is a speculative look at the future from the perspective of an RNA molecule if she was able to take agency for her own destiny. Instigated by an NSF funded project that is using synthetic biology to investigate the origins of life RNA imagines a future based on the past, one that leads to insight on RNA-based viruses, the limits of fully synthetic genomes, and potential extraterrestrial life.
We have synthesized functional genomes of viruses, bacteria and simple celled organisms, but are we able to replicate life that no longer exists on this planet? Before DNA became indispensable to cellular life, there was an RNA world in which RNA performed all the functions, produced all the proteins necessary for transmission, replication, and evolution, aka life. RNA can even do the work of proteins...without proteins. Creating an RNA-based organism in the lab that self-replicates would shed light on how we transitioned into our DNA-based world.
This is exactly what our RNA character is investigating as she shuns her repetitive messenger job within the DNA factory to engineer her own likeness. RNA is inspired by the past - a rollercoaster world full of possibilities as a way to build a new future. Can RNA create an entirely new form of life using new rules, and what does that mean for biology?
If successful, this will (hypothetically?) be the first time in billions of years that cellular life with an RNA chromosome will grace the surface of the Earth. Fully synthetic genomes, including artificial genomes that go beyond what could evolve in known life, will enable us to answer questions about lifes origins and to extend the rules that set lifes limitations.
To animate is to bring to life and animation is a lot like synthetic biology both have near infinite creative capacity under the guidance of a few rules and certain tools. To match the transformative potential of the research, we took a meta angle and wondered what life itself would think of the origins of life. In creating a figurative universe its possible to envision new hypotheses and subvert traditional metaphors within synthetic biology. Metaphors always break down at some point, and the more radical a proposal, the quicker they crumble.
The original research project delves into the cultural aspect of science from the outset and includes an ethics and rhetoric component, pieces to be explored in future animations.
Presented by The Johns Hopkins University.
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Mycorrhizal fungi helped plants make the transition from water to land Read now - Massive Science
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