Category Archives: Transhuman News

Definition

Psoriasis is a skin condition that causes skin redness, silvery scales, and irritation. Most people with psoriasis have thick, red, well-defined patches of skin with flaky, silver-white scales. This is called plaque psoriasis.

Plaque psoriasis; Psoriasis vulgaris; Guttate psoriasis; Pustular psoriasis

Psoriasis is common. Anyone can develop it, but it most often begins between ages 15 and 35, or as people get older.

Psoriasis isn't contagious. This means it doesn't spread to other people.

Psoriasis seems to be passed down through families.

Normal skin cells grow deep in the skin and rise to the surface about once a month. When you have psoriasis, this process takes place in 14 days rather than in 3 to 4 weeks. This results in dead skin cells building up on the skin's surface, forming the collections of scales.

The following may trigger an attack of psoriasis or make it harder to treat:

Psoriasis may be worse in people who have a weak immune system, including people with HIV/AIDS.

Some people with psoriasis also have arthritis (psoriatic arthritis). In addition, people with psoriasis have an increased risk of fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disorders, such as heart disease and stroke.

Psoriasis can appear suddenly or slowly. Many times, it goes away and then comes back.

The main symptom of the condition is irritated, red, flaky plaques of skin. Plaques are most often seen on the elbows, knees, and middle of the body. But they can appear anywhere, including on the scalp, palms, soles of the feet, and genitalia.

The skin may be:

Other symptoms may include:

Psoriasis on the knuckles

There are five main types of psoriasis:

Your health care provider can usually diagnose this condition by looking at your skin.

Sometimes, a skin biopsy is done to rule out other possible conditions. If you have joint pain, your provider may order imaging studies.

The goal of treatment is to control your symptoms and prevent infection.

Three treatment options are available:

TREATMENTS USED ON THE SKIN (TOPICAL)

Most of the time, psoriasis is treated with medicines that are placed directly on the skin or scalp. These may include:

SYSTEMIC (BODY-WIDE) TREATMENTS

If you have moderate to severe psoriasis, your provider will likely recommend medicines that suppress the immune system's faulty response. These medicines include methotrexate or cyclosporine. Retinoids, such as acetretin, can also be used.

Newer drugs, called biologics, are more commonly used as they target the causes of psoriasis. Biologics approved for the treatment of psoriasis include:

PHOTOTHERAPY

Some people may choose to have phototherapy, which is safe and can be very effective:

OTHER TREATMENTS

If you have an infection, your provider will prescribe antibiotics.

HOME CARE

Following these tips at home may help:

Some people may benefit from a psoriasis support group. The National Psoriasis Foundation is a good resource: http://www.psoriasis.org.

Psoriasis can be a lifelong condition that can be usually controlled with treatment. It may go away for a long time and then return. With proper treatment, it will not affect your overall health. But be aware that there is a strong link between psoriasis and other health problems, such as heart disease.

Contact your provider if you have symptoms of psoriasis or if your skin irritation continues despite treatment.

Tell your provider if you have joint pain or fever with your psoriasis attacks.

If you have symptoms of arthritis, talk to your dermatologist or rheumatologist.

Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have a severe outbreak that covers all or most of your body.

There is no known way to prevent psoriasis. Keeping the skin clean and moist and avoiding your psoriasis triggers may help reduce the number of flare-ups.

Providers recommend daily baths or showers for people with psoriasis. Avoid scrubbing too hard, because this can irritate the skin and trigger an attack.

Armstrong AW, Siegel MP, Bagel J, et al. From the Medical Board of the National Psoriasis Foundation: treatment targets for plaque psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017;76(2):290-298. PMID: 27908543 http://www.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27908543/.

Dinulos JGH. Psoriasis and other papulosquamous diseases. In: Dinulos JGH, ed. Habif's Clinical Dermatology. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 8.

Lebwohl MG, van de Kerkhof P. Psoriasis. In: Lebwohl MG, Heymann WR, Berth-Jones J, Coulson IH, eds. Treatment of Skin Disease: Comprehensive Therapeutic Strategies. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 210.

Van de Kerkhof PCM, Nestl FO. Psoriasis. In: Bolognia JL, Schaffer JV, Cerroni L, eds. Dermatology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 8.

Read the rest here:
Psoriasis | UF Health, University of Florida Health

Psoriasis care at Mayo Clinic

Your Mayo Clinic care team personalizes your psoriasis care to ensure an accurate diagnosis, an effective treatment plan that works for you and the very best service.

Mayo Clinic dermatologists are very experienced in diagnosing and treating children and adults who have psoriasis, even the most rare and complex types. If you need another specialist, such as a rheumatologist to manage psoriatic arthritis, your Mayo Clinic care team works together to provide whatever you need.

Psoriasis is unique for everyone, and the effects range from mild to almost totally disabling. Your doctor will work with you to determine the correct diagnosis for your type of psoriasis, which is essential for effective treatment.

Mayo Clinic offers all treatments for this disease, including the Goeckerman treatment invented at Mayo Clinic for moderate to severe psoriasis. The Goeckerman treatment is not available in many places. This very effective therapy involves receiving daily ultraviolet light exposure and applying coal tar over the whole body.

Mayo Clinic has major campuses in Phoenix and Scottsdale, Arizona; Jacksonville, Florida; and Rochester, Minnesota. The Mayo Clinic Health System has dozens of locations in several states.

For more information on visiting Mayo Clinic, choose your location below:

Mayo Clinic works with hundreds of insurance companies and is an in-network provider for millions of people.

In most cases, Mayo Clinic doesn't require a physician referral. Some insurers require referrals, or may have additional requirements for certain medical care. All appointments are prioritized on the basis of medical need.

Learn more about appointments at Mayo Clinic.

Please contact your insurance company to verify medical coverage and to obtain any needed authorization prior to your visit. Often, your insurer's customer service number is printed on the back of your insurance card.

See more here:
Psoriasis - Care at Mayo Clinic - Mayo Clinic

Introduction

Psoriasis is a chronic disease with intermittent flares and remissions. Aside from genetic predisposition and immunological disorders, psychological stress, emotional conflicts, and a tendency to suppress ones emotions are principal factors modifying the diseases course.14

Given the chronic and recurrent character of psoriasis and multiple triggering factors, treatment of this condition requires a thorough insight into health problems of a given patient, and a physician in charge needs to be experienced in terms of therapy selection. While many anti-psoriatic treatments exist, the therapy should be tailored in each case; the treatment lasts long, and excellent patient-physician cooperation is needed to achieve the desired outcome.5

Psoriasis may lead to physical disability (psoriatic arthritis), has an unfavorable effect on the patients comfort and quality of life, and disrupts normal functioning to various degree. Not infrequently, the disease, especially its severe form (erythroderma),24 is associated with pain and suffering. In other forms of psoriasis, the diseases impact depends on the area of the skin being affected; patients whose skin lesions are visible to others often withdraw from social activities, stay in isolation and may even develop depression. Such persons experience dissatisfaction, guilt, fear and embarrassment, which has a detrimental effect on their quality of life (QOL). Due to the deterioration of QOL, patients with psoriasis may be reluctant to involve in social, family and occupational activities.1,2,6 Furthermore, anti-psoriatic treatment requires self-discipline and can be burdensome, especially in the case of topical therapies.5

Psoriasis is a challenge and requires the patient to face a new reality. Coping with the disease and normal functioning are to a large extent dependent on ones level of illness acceptance.7 Each individual perceives the disease, its somatic effects, resultant dysfunction and related problems differently. This attitude is primarily determined by ones characterological traits and type of illness. A primary response to the diagnosis can be denial, underestimation, acceptance or overestimation of the disease.8 Some patients accept their illness and self-motivate themselves to participate in the therapeutic process; in such cases, a higher level of illness acceptance is associated with better adjustment to the disease and lesser psychological discomfort. If the disease causes mobilization of ones resources and despite experiencing health problems the patient can pursue his/her objectives and satisfy all vital needs, the level of illness acceptance increases and the QOL is better.9,10 However, some patients do not accept their diagnosis and respond with a rebellion, lack of medication compliance, emotional instability and denial. This eventually leads to a low level of illness acceptance and the resultant deterioration of life quality.11,12

Acceptance of the illness enables the patients to function normally despite various risks, constraints and problems associated with health loss. Knowing the causes and consequences of their illness, and potential complications thereof, the patients are capable of adequate self-control and can undertake health-oriented behaviors to improve their quality of life and longevity.9,10

Therefore, to improve the quality of life in chronically ill persons, healthcare providers should not merely monitor their somatic symptoms, but also assess their current needs, psychosocial, emotional and spiritual wellbeing, and illness acceptance level.

The aim of the study was to analyze the level of illness acceptance and its effect on the quality of life in moderate psoriasis depending on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients.

The study included patients recruited at private clinic of dermatology and medical cosmetology in Bialystok (Poland). The study group consisted of 186 patients with plaque psoriasis, including 103 of women (55.4%) and 83 of men (44.6%). The study participants were recruited by experienced dermatologist who determined their Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) scores and recorded them in the patients documentation. The inclusion criteria of the study were: PASI 10, duration of psoriasis >2 years, age 18 years, and lack of other somatic or mental disorders during three months preceding the study.

Two hundred and twenty-five patients were invited to complete a questionnaire. Eighteen patients those who did not express their consent to participate were excluded from the study, and 21 patients did not provide complete answers. Final response and rejection rates were 82.7% (n=186) and 17.3% (n=39), respectively.

The study was conducted from June to September 2020. The respondents received questionnaires along with the instructions on how to complete them. The responses were self-reported or filled in by an investigator, either at the clinic or home. Respondents who completed the questionnaire at home received a self-addressed return envelope.

The research conformed with the Good Clinical Practice guidelines, and the procedures followed were in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration.

The study protocol of the was approved by the Local Bioethical Committee at the Medical University of Bialystok (decision no. APK.002.212.2020).

The study patients completed Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and a survey developed by the authors of this study, containing questions about sociodemographic characteristics of the participants (gender, age, place of residence, marital status, education, employment status) and information about their disease (location of psoriatic lesions, time elapsed since the diagnosis of psoriasis).

The level of illness acceptance was measured with the AIS developed by BJ. Felton, TA. Revenson and GA. Hinrichsen and adapted to Polish conditions by Z. Juczyski.13

Given its psychometric characteristics, AIS is considered an accurate predictor of health-related quality of life, reflecting ones satisfaction with life and actual health status.13

The scale measures the respondents ability to cope with the illness based on eight statements regarding his/her actual status of health. Each statement is graded on a 5-point Likert-type scale, from 1 (definitively agree), to 2 (agree), 3 (do not know), 4 (disagree) and 5 (definitively disagree). The level of illness acceptance, being the sum of scores for all eight statements, can range from 8 pts (lack of acceptance) to 40 pts (high level of acceptance).

DLQI contains 10 single-choice questions referring to the quality of life in dermatological disorders. The answer to each question is scored on a scale from 0 to 3, where 3 corresponds to very much, 2 to a lot, 1 to a little, and 0 to not at all. The overall DLQI score can range from 0 to 30. The higher the score, the worse the quality of life in a given patient.14

To obtain a better insight into the problem in question, the levels of illness acceptance were analyzed according to the respondents sociodemographic characteristics: gender, age, place of residence, marital status, education and occupation, as well as according to clinical characteristics: duration of psoriasis and location of psoriatic lesions. Statistical significance was verified with the Students t-test in the case of comparison between two groups or ANOVA if the number of compared groups was larger than two. The results were considered statistically significant at p<0.05.

An integral part of the study was to analyze the relationship between illness acceptance and quality of life. The analysis was based on Spearmans coefficient of correlation between the two psychometric variables, which is an appropriate statistical measure to investigate non-linear relationships of a monotonous (positive or inverse) type.

The statistical analysis was carried out with STATISTICA 12.5 package.

The study group consisted exclusively of adult patients (Me=36; SD=12,0; Min./Max.=18/74 years), with the mean age of 39.4 years.

Mean duration of psoriasis in the study group was 14.8 years (Me=14; SD=10,3; Min./Max.=2/57 years).

The study group included 52.7% of married persons, 23.6% of singles, 12.4% of divorcees and 11.3% of widows/widowers. The proportions of respondents with higher and secondary education were 50% and 32.8%, respectively, the proportion of participants with primary or vocational education was 18.2%. The vast majority of the study participants were city-dwellers (75,2%). The largest occupational group were blue-collar workers (46.8%), followed by white-collar workers (38.7%). The remaining 14.5% are: retirees and pensioners (6.5%), students (4.8%), farmers (2.2%) and the unemployed (1.1%).

The illness acceptance scores (AIS) of the study patients were summarized as descriptive statistics. Mean AIS score for the study group was 24.3 pts (Me=24; SD=6,1; Min./Max.=10/40). However, based on the values of the lower and upper quartiles values, most participants scores between 20 and 28 on the AIS scale.

The majority of the respondents (64%) scored 1929 pts on the AIS. The proportions of patients presenting with full acceptance of the illness and complete lack of illness acceptance were similar, 19% and 17%, respectively.

The level of illness acceptance correlated significantly with some sociodemographic characteristics of the study participants (Table 1). Patients older than 40 years presented with lower levels of illness acceptance than younger persons (p=0.0311). Also, patients sex and duration of psoriasis significantly affected the acceptance of the illness, with lower AIS scores found in women (p=0.0092) and persons with a longer history of the disease (p=0.0362). The illness acceptance scores for patients living in the cities and countryside were similar (24.2 pts vs 24.3 pts), whereas the mean scores for married persons and singles were the same (24.3 pts).

Table 1 Relationships of Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics with AIS Scores

DLQI is a scale that measures the negative impact of the disease on QOL; hence, the higher the DLQI score, the more unfavorable the effect of the illness.

Mean DLQI score for the study group was 13.3 pts (Me=13; SD=8,1; Min./Max.=030). Based on the values of the lower and upper quartiles values of the DLQI measure ranged from 6.5 to 19 pts.

More than half (58%) of the respondents scored no more than 14 pts on the DLQI, which suggests that their quality of life was better than in the remaining 42% of the patients with DLQI scores higher than 15 pts.

Respondents with primary, vocational or secondary education had worse quality of life than those with higher education (14.8 pts vs 11.6 pts). Also, persons with longer duration of the disease presented with higher DLQI scores, corresponding to worse quality of life (Table 2).

Table 2 Relationships of Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics with DLQI Scores

An integral part of the study was to analyze a link between the level of illness acceptance (AIS score) and the quality of life (DLQI score). The relationship was analyzed based on Spearmans coefficient of correlation between the two psychometric measures.

A lower level of illness acceptance turned out to exert an unfavorable effect on the QOL in psoriasis. While not strong (R=0,33), the correlation between these two psychometric measures was statistically significant (p = 0.0015) - Figure 1.

Figure 1 Correlation between the level of illness acceptance and the quality of life.

The DLQI scores were also stratified according to the level of illness acceptance, and the significance of between-group differences was verified on variance analysis (Table 3). The between-group differences in DLQI scores were shown to be statistically significant (p = 0.0202).

Table 3 Relationship Between the Level of Illness Acceptance and the Quality of Life

Spearmans coefficients of correlation were also used to analyze the effects of age and duration of psoriasis on the levels of illness acceptance and DLQI scores. The correlation coefficients between AIS and age and AIS and duration of the disease were 0.03 (p=0.7793) and 0.09 (p=0.4016), respectively, and did not reach the threshold of statistical significance. The correlation coefficients between DLQI and age and DLQI and duration of the disease were 0.00 (p=0.9764) and 0.12 (p=0.2723), respectively, and also did not reach the threshold of statistical significance.

We analyzed DLQI and AIS scores according to the location of psoriatic lesions (face, arms, legs, trunk); we restricted the analysis to those four body areas as more detailed stratification would produce too small subgroups, and hence, negatively affect the accuracy of the results. Statistical significance was verified with the Students t-test for independent samples. No statistically significant relationships were found between the location of psoriatic lesions, quality of life and illness acceptance.

Adaptation to a chronic illness, including acceptance of the disease, is a complex process modulated by many factors. However, only a few studies analyzed the level of illness acceptance in patients with psoriasis; instead, researchers centered around the quality of life in this disease. We combined these two aspects in our present study, using selected demographic and clinical parameters as exploratory variables, patients with psoriasis.

Aside from somatic morbidities, patients with psoriasis may also present with mental problems, such as anxiety, dissatisfaction, sense of guilt, fear and embarrassment,1519 and psychological disturbances, eg lowered self-esteem, inability to establish social contacts, which may contribute to a substantial deterioration of the QOL.2024 Frequently, a problem is not the disease itself but its perception by the patients, their involvement in the diagnosis and treatment, and finally, acceptance of the illness. Therefore, attempts to improve the quality of life in psoriasis should not be limited merely to the monitoring of somatic symptoms, but also expand onto the assessment of patients needs, their psychosocial, emotional and spiritual wellbeing, and illness acceptance.25

Illness acceptance is a positive attitude towards chronic disease, strengthening the patients and preventing deterioration of their quality of life. Previous studies highlighted the beneficial effects of illness acceptance in terms of psychological and physical comfort.9,26,27

In the study conducted by Zieliska-Wiczkowska et al28 psoriasis patients presented with a high mean level of illness acceptance (30.377.936 pts). High levels of illness acceptance were found in 62.4% (3040 pts) of the patients with psoriasis, whereas moderate and low levels were documented in 26.7% (1929 pts) and 10.9% (818 pts), respectively.

The mean level of illness acceptance in our present study was lower than the one mentioned above (246 pts); also, the distribution of AIS scores differed, with 19% of the patients scoring 3040 pts, and 64% and 17% having the results in a bracket of 1929 pts and 818 pts, respectively.

The difference in the levels of illness acceptance might be associated with the fact that the majority of patients examined by Zieliska-Wiczkowska et al28 were persons aged 5160 years and older, who constituted 56.4% of the entire study group. In our present study, the respondents were stratified into different age groups, up to 40 years and older. One could hypothesize that longer duration of psoriasis and older age facilitate coping with the disease and promote its acceptance. According to Harrison et al29 and Mniszewska et al7 the disease with skin manifestations is less likely to negatively affect interpersonal relations of older persons, who have usually achieved stability in their social life and professional career.

However, our findings do not seem to support the hypothesis mentioned above, as these were older respondents who presented with lower levels of illness acceptance.

Similar findings were also reported by Hawro et al30 who showed that the sense of guilt, shame and social rejection in psoriasis increased with age. Older persons were shown to feel rejected, avoided social contacts with their relatives and friends, and presented with lower illness acceptance levels.

However, it needs to be stressed that in the studies conducted by Basiska et al10 the levels of illness acceptance in psoriasis did not correlate significantly with patients age.

Patients with longer duration of psoriasis were shown to present with lower illness acceptance levels, a phenomenon also observed in our present study. According to van Beugen31 and Ogarczyk,32 patients with a longer history of psoriasis reported more difficulties in social functioning, which corresponded to the lack of illness acceptance and worse quality of life.

In the study conducted by Basiska et al10 patients with psoriasis presented with higher levels of illness acceptance (27.46 pts) than in our present study (24.3 pts). The authors did not find a significant difference in the illness acceptance levels of female (26.49 pts) and male patients (28.41 pts). This observation is consistent with the results of some previous studies, conducted by Sampognab et al33 Mniszewska et al34 and other authors, which also did not demonstrate a significant effect of patients sex on QOL.35,36 In the study conducted by Zieliska Wiczkowska et al28 female patients had lower AIS scores than male psoriatics (54.2 pts vs.73.8 pts), but the difference was not statistically significant. Also, in our present study women scored lower than men in terms of illness acceptance (24.9 pts vs 23.6 pts).

According to Hawro et al30 female psoriatics also presented with lower quality of life scores. Psoriasis makes female patients feel embarrassed, frustrated and irritated. Due to the altered appearance of their skin, women with psoriasis found themselves unattractive and avoid contacts with others. Similar results were also reported by Zachariae et al37 and Kowalewska et al.27 However, according to other authors, these were male patients with psoriasis who presented with lower QOL scores than female patients.7,26

To summarize, the results of previous studies analyzing the effects of age and sex on illness acceptance and quality of life in psoriasis are inconclusive.20,37,38

Location of psoriatic lesions is known to influence both the illness acceptance and QOL.30,31,39 Krueger et al2 demonstrated that the lesions on exposed body parts attracted more attention from the others and had a negative effect on the social relationships of patients with psoriasis. To cover their skin lesions, patients with psoriasis not infrequently wear uncomfortable clothing. Hiding psoriatic lesions from others is considered an unpleasant duty and was shown to have a detrimental effect on QOL, especially in female patients.1,2 According to Hrehorw et al40 psoriasis exerts an unfavorable effect on the social contacts of the patients. Patients with visible skin lesions experience a growing sense of shame and embarrassment since they believe that other healthy persons avoid them not to be infected.

Our present study showed that visible psoriatic lesions were a factor contributing to the lack of illness acceptance.

This problem was previously highlighted by Orzechowska et al41 according to whom psoriatic lesions are a primary factor resulting in the stigmatization of the patients and resultant disruption of their social functioning. The patients who do not approve their disease-altered appearance may share a common misbelief that their image is also not accepted by others; thus, such patients not infrequently may self-stigmatize themselves. According to Russo et al, up to 89% of patients with psoriasis experienced shame and embarrassment because of their skin lesions.42

In Devrimci-Ozguvens et al43 Hrehorw et al40 opinion, psoriasis may have a detrimental effect on a patients mood, and some patients with psoriasis may even have suicidal thoughts. Such persons cannot accept their self-image and are exhausted with long-term treatment of skin lesions. Another risk factor for the suicidal ideation in patients with psoriasis is social rejection resulting from the lack of acceptance from others.40,4244

Education and occupation do not seem to influence the level of illness acceptance in psoriasis,28 which has also been confirmed in our present study. Perhaps, this phenomenon resulted from a relative stability of work environment.

In our study, married persons and singles have the same mean Scale AIS scores (24.3 pts), and hence, marital status was not confirmed as a significant determinant of the illness acceptance. However, in previous studies, conducted by Lu et al36 van Beugen et al31 and Ginsburg et al45 singles were shown to be more prone to stigmatization, which was also reflected by their worse quality of life.

Published data show unequivocally that psoriasis exerts a detrimental effect on the QOL. The disease constitutes a considerable burden for the vast majority of the patients, which is reflected by unfavorable changes in their quality of life. In turn, acceptance of the illness was associated with a better quality of life in psoriasis,46 the relationship also observed in our present study (p = 0.0015).

The persistence of psoriatic skin manifestations instead of treatments could deeply influence the patient attitude toward the disease.5,25 According to Verhoeven et al47 deterioration of the quality of life in psoriasis is associated with somatic manifestations of the disease. As emphasized by Ograczyk et al32 persistent itchiness and flares of the disease contribute to the escalation of anxiety and psychological discomfort. According to Hrehorw et al46 itchiness is the main obstacle in illness acceptance. Persons with clinical manifestations of psoriasis were shown to have lower self-esteem and lower levels of satisfaction with life. Patients with psoriasis are well aware that their illness is chronic and incurable, with symptomatic treatment and maintenance of the remission being the only viable therapeutic options. Patients perspective is important not only in terms of symptoms but also on the well-being impact.25

According to literature, the higher the level of illness acceptance, the better the adjustment to the disease and the lesser the negative emotions experienced by patients with psoriasis.26,27,40,42 Thus, the patients who give less meaning to their condition are more likely to accept the illness and to choose more appropriate coping strategies to avoid unfavorable negative psychosocial consequences of psoriasis.

In this study, patients with moderate psoriasis presented with a moderate level of the illness acceptance, and a significant correlation was found between this parameter and QOL. This implies that both illness acceptance and subjectively assessed QOL are accurate psychometric measures that should be considered during anti-psoriatic treatment planning.

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Compliance with ethics guidelines: the protocol of the study was approved by the Local Bioethics Committee at the Medical University of Bialystok. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

The authors would like to thank the patients who participated in the survey.

All authors contributed to data analysis, drafting or revising the article, have agreed on the journal to which the article will be submitted, gave final approval of the version to be published, and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Barbara Jankowiak was a major contributor in writing the manuscript and supervised this study. Was responsible for patient recruitment, data collection, data analysis, and drafting the manuscript.

Beata Kowalewska was a major contributor in writing the manuscript, was involved in the development of the idea, data analysis, and drafting the manuscript.

Elbieta KrajewskaKuak was involved in the development of the idea and revised the manuscript critically for important intellectual content.

Rafa Milewski was involved in the development of the idea and revised the manuscript critically for important intellectual content.

Maria Anna Turosz was involved in the development of the idea and revised the manuscript critically for important intellectual content.

This study and the Rapid Service Fee were funded by Medical University of Bialystok, Poland. All authors had full access to all of the data in this study and take complete responsibility for the integrity of the data and accuracy of the data analysis. Neither honoraria nor other forms of payments were made for authorship.

The authors report no conflicts of interest for this work.

1. Ferreira BI, Abreu JL, Reis JP, et al. Psoriasis and associated psychiatric disorders a systematic review on etiopathogenesis and clinical correlation. J Clinic Aesthet Dermatol. 2016;9(6):3643.

2. Krueger G, Koo J, Lebwohl M, et al. The impact of psoriasis on quality of life: results of a 1998 national psoriasis foundation patient- membership survey. Arch Dermatol. 2001;137(3):280284.

3. Langley RGB, Krueger GG, Griffiths CEM. Psoriasis: epidemiology, clinical features, and quality of life. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64(Suppl2):ii18ii23. doi:10.1136/ard.2004.033217

4. Christophers E. Psoriasis epidemiology and clinical spectrum. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2001;26(4):314320. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2230.2001.00832.x

5. Scala E, Megna M, Amerio P, et al. Patients demographic and socioeconomic characteristics influence the therapeutic decision-making process in psoriasis. PLoS One. 2020;15(8):e0237267. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237267

6. Gelfand JM, Feldman SR, Stern RS, et al. Determinants of quality of life patients with psoriasis: a study from the U.S. population. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;51(5):704708. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2004.04.014

7. Miniszewska J, Juczyski Z, Ograczyk A, et al. Health-related quality of life in psoriasis: important role of personal resources. Acta Derm Venereol. 2013;93(5):551556. doi:10.2340/00015555-1530

8. Bowling A, Farquhar M, Browne P. Life satisfaction and associations with social network and support variables in three samples of elderly people. Int J Geriatr Psychiatr. 1991;6(8):549566. doi:10.1002/gps.930060803

9. Zalewska A, Miniszewska J, Chodkiewicz J, et al. Acceptance of chronic illness in psoriasis vulgaris patients. J Eur Acad Dermat Venereol. 2007;21(2):235242. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.01912.x

10. Basiska MA, Woniewicz A. Emotional intelligence in psoriasis patients as a determinant of acceptance of illness. Rev Dermat. 2012;99(3):202209.

11. Ginsburg IH. Psychological and psychophysiological aspects of psoriasis. Derm Clin. 1995;13(4):793804. doi:10.1016/S0733-8635(18)30043-3

12. Zachariae R, Oster H, Bjerring P, et al. Effects of psychologic intervention on psoriasis: a preliminary report. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1996;34(6):10081015. doi:10.1016/S0190-9622(96)90280-7

13. Juczyski Z. Narzdzia Pomiaru w Promocji I Psychologii Zdrowia[Measurement Tools in Health Promotion and Psychology]. Warszawa: Pracownia Testw Psychologicznych Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychologicznego; 2001:168172. Polish.

14. Szepietowski J, Salomon J, Finlay AY, et al. Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI): polish version. Dermatol Klin. 2004;6:6370.

15. Gupta MA. Psychosocial aspects of common skin disease. Can Fam Physician. 2002;48:712716.

16. Gupta MA, Gupta AK. Psychiatric and psychological comorbidity in patients with dermatologic disorders: epidemiology and management. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2003;4(12):833842. doi:10.2165/00128071-200304120-00003

17. Picardi A, Abeni D, Melchi CF, et al. Psychiatric morbidity in dermatological outpatients: an issue to be recognized. Br J Dermatol. 2000;143(5):983991. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03831.x

18. Picardi A, Amerio P, Baliva G, et al. Recognition of depressive and anxiety disorders in dermatological outpatients. Acta Derm Venereol. 2004;84(3):213217. doi:10.1080/00015550410025264

19. Gieler U, Kupfer J, Niemeier V, et al. Psyche and skin: whats new? J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2003;17(2):128130. doi:10.1046/j.1468-3083.2003.00618.x

20. de Korte J, Sprangers MAG, Mombers FMC, et al. Quality of life in patients with psoriasis: a systematic literature review. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2004;9(2):140147. doi:10.1046/j.1087-0024.2003.09110.x

21. Finlay A. Psoriasis from the patients point of view. Arch Dermatol. 2001;137(3):352353.

22. Heydendael VM, de Borgie CA, Spuls PI, et al. The burden of psoriasis is not determined by disease severity only. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2004;9(2):131135. doi:10.1111/j.1087-0024.2004.09115.x

23. Vardy D, Besser A, Amir M, et al. Experiences of stigmatization play a role in mediating the impact of disease severity on quality of life in psoriasis patients. Br J Dermatol. 2002;147(4):736742. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04899.x

24. Gupta MA, Gupta AK. A practical approach to the assessment of psychosocial and psychiatric comorbidity in the dermatology patient. Clin Dermatol. 2013;31(1):5761. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.11.007

25. Patruno C, Ayala F, Megna M, et al. Patient-physician relationship in patients with psoriasis. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2012;78(2):228. doi:10.4103/0378-6323.93657

26. Kostya M, Tabaa K, Kocur J. Illness acceptance degree versus intensity of psychopathological symptoms in patients with psoriasis. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2013;30(3):134139. doi:10.5114/pdia.2013.35613

View post:
Measure of the quality of life in moderate psoriasis | CCID - Dove Medical Press

Approximately 125 million people worldwide have psoriasis. The widespread prevalence of this skin condition makes it a global health concern, which is why experts have been working rigorously to find a solution for this disease.

There is no proven cure for psoriasis, but there are some ways to treat or manage the symptoms of this disease. One solution that has been discovered recently and has become increasingly popular is CBD oils on the skin affected by psoriasis to heal and consume the CBD oil orally to help with the immune system.

Photo by Catherine Falls Commercial/Getty Images

If you have psoriasis and are looking into using CBD oil for your treatment, wondering what the possibilities of this treatment are, here is all the information you need to make up your mind and understand this new medical approach. Lets talk about the symptoms of psoriasis and how CBD oils can target them before discussing the effectiveness of CBD oils in treating psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition that results from a disturbance in the autoimmune system and a rapid buildup of unnecessary skin cells. In this condition, the skin becomes inflamed, itchy, dry, and scaly it is harrowing and disruptive as the skin can crack and bleed randomly. It also impacts the body as the joints become inflamed and stiff, and the immune system is compromised.

Here are some ways in which the application and consumption of CBD oils can help treat the symptoms of psoriasis:

Experts claim that the use of CBD oils on the skin impacted by psoriasis, or even the oral consumption of a CBD oil, can help prevent the rapid buildup of skin cells. That is because CBD oils can help restore the balance in the activity of the immune system that causes this to take place.

RELATED: CBD Oil And Its Potential As A Psoriasis Treatment

CBD oil will penetrate the skin to prevent the buildup on-site when applied directly to the affected area, and CBD oil consumed orally would heal the compromised immune system.

CBD is known for its anti-inflammatory properties and can help heal inflammatory skin conditions, of which psoriasis is one. CBD oils can treat inflammation in the joints and on the skin psoriasis-affected skin when applied directly. Consuming CBD oil can help fight inflammation from within and provide relief as well.

Photo by vadimguzhva/Getty Images

According to Healthline, it has been proven through rigorous and thorough scientific research that CBD oils can help manage pain effectively. CBD oils react with the endocannabinoid system to block off pain receptors as much as possible and help with excessive pain. Moreover, CBD oils are known for containing relaxants, which can help you feel relaxed and calm.

CBD oil interacts with the endocannabinoid system, responsible for maintaining balance in the body and ensuring that everything functions smoothly. CBD oils react with the plan to help restore balance and help strengthen the immune system, which will help reduce psoriasis the severity of psoriasis and make the body more capable of healing itself.

Psoriasis is a severe medical condition that is often accompanied by mental health concerns like stress and depression. The consumption of CBD oils can help you mentally cope with the stress of dealing with psoriasis and help you feel more relaxed. CBD is known for its effectiveness in alleviating the mood and making a person feel better, which can help you feel low and stressed.

RELATED: Could Cannabis Eliminate The High-Cost And High-Stakes Of Current Psoriasis Medicines?

The best part about using CBD oil for psoriasis? All these benefits come at no added cost as CBD oil is entirely safe, and there are no known side effects that might result from using it.

The only potential side effects you can face are drowsiness and dizziness, which are only temporary and will fade with regular use. Most people dont even experience these side effects, and they only happen in rare circumstances! CBD oil might be the best solution on the market; lets look at what makes it so effective in treating psoriasis.

Photo by Christin Hume via Unsplash6

CBD is an immune system modulator and has anti-inflammatory properties. As psoriasis is a condition in which the immune system becomes compromised and functions in a way that causes the skin and joint to become inflamed, it only makes sense that CBD oil would be an effective way of countering it.

CBD is also capable of restoring balance in the body as it interacts with the endocannabinoid system in the body, which is responsible for regulating homeostasis in the body and ensuring that everything functions smoothly.

According to an article published by Cutanea, a study conducted by researchers specializing in CBD effects on the body proves that CBD oils can suppress inflammation and excessive growth of skin cells. The effectiveness of CBD for seniors and oils in treating psoriasis is unmatched.

Psoriasis is a chronic medical condition that has severe implications on an individuals physical and mental health, which is why the treatment plan has to be holistic and practical.

Out of all the possible solutions for managing the symptoms of psoriasis, the most holistic and effective one seems to be CBD oil, as it can help heal the skin affected by psoriasis directly while healing the autoimmune system as much as possible internally. Not only that, but CBD oil will also help deal with the mental implications by alleviating mood and making a person feel more relaxed. CBD oils are undeniable, effective in the treatment of psoriasis.

This article originally appeared on Green Market Report and has been reposted with permission.

Continued here:
CBD Oil And Psoriasis Treatment - The Fresh Toast