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Category Archives: Transhuman News
CRISPR Revolution: Do We Need Tighter Gene-Editing Regulations? No – American Council on Science and Health
Posted: November 1, 2021 at 6:39 am
Life goes on as gene-edited foods begin to hit the market. Japanese consumers have recently startedbuying tomatoes that fight high blood pressure, and Americans have been consuming soy engineered to produce high amounts of heart-healthy oils for a little over two years. Few people noticed these developments because, as scientists have said for a long time, the safety profile of a crop is not dictated by the breeding method that produced it. For all intents and purposes, it seems that food-safety regulators have done a reasonablejob of safeguarding public health against whatever hypothetical risks gene editing may pose.
But this has not stopped critics of genetic engineering from advocating for more federal oversight of CRISPR and othertechniquesused to make discrete changes to the genomes of plants, animals and other organisms we use for food or medicine. Over at The Conversation, a team of scientists recently made the case for tighter rules in Calling the latest gene technologies natural is a semantic distraction they must still be regulated.
Many scientists have defended gene editing, in part, by arguing that it simply mimics nature. A mutation that boosts the nutrient content of rice, for example, is the same whether it was induced by a plant breeder or some natural phenomenon. Indeed, the DNA of plants and animals we eat contains untold numbers of harmless, naturally occurringmutations. But The Conversation authors will have none of this:
Unfortunately, the risks from technology dont disappear by calling it natural... Proponents of deregulation of gene technology use the naturalness argument to make their case. But we argue this is not a good basis for deciding whether a technology should be regulated.
They have written a very long peer-reviewed article outlining a regulatory framework based on "scale of use."The ideais that the more widely a technology is implemented, the greater risk it may pose to human health and the environment, which necessitates regulatory "control points" to ensure its safe use. It's an interesting proposal, but it's plagued by several serious flaws.
Where's the data?
The most significant issue with a scale-based regulatory approachis that it's a reaction to risks that have never materialized. This isn't to say that a potentially harmful genetically engineered organism will never be commercialized. But if we're going to upend our biotechnology regulatory framework, we need to do so based on real-world evidence. Some experts have actually argued, based on decades of safety data, that the US over-regulates biotech products. As biologist and ACSHadvisorDr. Henry Miller and legal scholar John Cohrssen wrote recently in Nature:
After 35 years of real-world experience with genetically engineered plants and microorganisms, and countless risk-assessment experiments, it is past time to reevaluate the rationale for, and the costs and benefits of, the case-by-case reviews of genetically engineered products now required by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), US Department of Agriculture (USDA) and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
The problem with scale
Real-world data aside for the moment, there are some theoretical problems with the scalabilitymodel as well. Theargument assumes thatrisks associated with gene editing proliferate as use of the technology expands, because each gene edit carries a certain level of risk. This is a false assumption, as plant geneticist Kevin Folta pointed out on a recent episode of the podcast we co-host (21 minute mark).
Scientists have a variety of tools with which to monitor and limit the effects of specific gene edits. For example, proteins known as anti-CRISPRs can be utilized to halt the gene-editing machinery so it makes only the changes we want it to. University of Toronto biochemist Karen Maxwell has explained how this could work in practice:
In genome editing applications, anti-CRISPRs may provide a valuable 'off switch for Cas9 activity for therapeutic uses and gene drives. One concern of CRISPR-Cas gene editing technology is the limited ability to control its activity after it has been delivered to the cell . which can lead to off-target mutations. Anti-CRISPRs can potentially be exploited to target Cas9 activity to particular tissues or organs, to particular points of the cell cycle, or to limit the amount of time it is active
Suffice it to say that these and other safeguards significantly alter the risk equation and weaken concerns about a gene-edits-gone-wild scenario. Parenthetically, scientists design these sorts of preventative measures as they develop more genetic engineering applications for widespread use. This is why the wide variety of cars in production today have safety features that would have been unheard of in years past.
Absurdity alert: The A-Bomb analogy
To bolster their argument, The Conversation authors made the following analogy:
Imagine if other technologies with the capacity to harm were governed by resemblance to nature. Should we deregulate nuclear bombs because the natural decay chain of uranium-238 also produces heat, gamma radiation and alpha and beta particles? We inherently recognize the fallacy of this logic. The technology risk equation is more complicated than a supercilious 'its just like nature' argument
If someone has to resort to this kind of rhetoric, the chances are excellent that their argument is weak. Fat Man and Little Boy, the bombs dropped on Japan in 1945, didn't destroy two cities because a nuclear physicist in New Mexico made a technical mistake. These weapons are designed to wreak havoc. Tomatoes bred to produce more of an amino acid, in contrast, are not.
The point of arguing that gene-editing techniques mimic natural processes isn't to assert that natural stuff is good; therefore, gene editing is also good. Instead, the point is to illustrate that inducing mutations in the genomes of plants and animals is not novel or uniquely risky. Even the overpriced products marketed as all-natural have been improved by mutations resulting from many years of plant breeding.
Nonetheless, some scientists have argued that reframing the gene-editing conversation in terms of risk vs benefit would be a smarter approach than making comparisons to nature. I agree with them, so let's start now. The benefits of employing gene editing to improve our food supply and treat disease far outweigh the potential risks, which we can mitigate. Very little about modern life is naturaland it's time we all got over it.
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Empowering algae to shape the future of bioenergy – ASU Now
Posted: at 6:39 am
Humble microalgae may seem minor at first glance, but when optimally farmed and converted into biofuels, the potential of this renewable resource to combat climate change is anything but insignificant.
Through the extraction of lipids, they can be converted into biofuels. And, like plants, photosynthesizing algae absorb carbon dioxide, or CO2, and release oxygen into the atmosphere. But algae can do that at much faster rates and higher efficiencies than plants, and they dont need arable land or even fresh water to grow, which has sustainability scientists and engineers intrigued. Taylor Weiss (left), co-PI and assistant professor of environmental and resource management at the Polytechnic School, and Duane Barbano (right), a biological design PhD candidate in the School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, are farming algae in a pond at the Arizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation on ASU's Polytechnic campus. Photo by Deanna Dent/ASU Download Full Image
On a small scale, converting algae into biofuels can be fairly straightforward. However, for an algal system to be sustainable, scalable and economical, it must be able to deliver and utilize CO2 efficiently.
A new U.S. Department of Energy grant awarded to the Arizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation, or AzCATI, will investigate novel methods of CO2 sourcing, delivery and absorption with the goal of promoting algae resiliency and pathways to large-scale biomass production and eventual conversion into low-carbon biofuels an alternative to petroleum.
This initiative is especially important in reducing the carbon footprint of the transportation sector specifically airplanes and ships which accounts for approximately 30% of total U.S. energy consumption and generates the largest share of the countrys greenhouse gas emissions.
AzCATI, located on 4 acres of Arizona State Universitys Polytechnic campus, is home to one of the countrys largest and most comprehensive algae test-bed facilities. In partnership with researchers from all over the world, AzCATI has been investigating algal technology since its establishment in 2010 and has since attracted more than $45 million in federal, state and private funding.
AzCATI will receive $3.2 million for this DOE-supported effort out of a total $34 million in funding for 11 industry- and university-led projects to support the high-impact research and development of biofuels, biopower and bioproducts.
John McGowen, a portfolio manager for research in the Knowledge Enterprise at ASU, will lead the project. He says that about 80% of algae funding at ASU is from the DOE.
We are essentially a national test bed, the longest-running, continually funded outdoor cultivation test bed in the country that isnt commercial. With our experienced faculty, staff, upwards of 30 students and unique testing abilities, we are set up to test new technologies, break them and move on, or improve them and make breakthroughs.
McGowen was one of AzCATIs first researchers and has witnessed the evolution of algae research over the past 11 years.
He explains that the high levels of oils and carbohydrates and proteins created by algae are refined and used as various forms of biofuels and valuable bioproducts.
McGowen says its important to know that the high-density algae needed to create biofuel cant be grown naturally in the environment because of current CO2 levels in the atmosphere, and that they need an additional source delivered directly to them to be viable for this purpose.
A trifecta of research objectives will define AzCATIs three-year DOE project, titled, Direct Air Capture Integration With Algae Carbon Biocatalysis. Researchers at AzCATI will model a novel technology called passive-direct air capture, or PDAC, developed by Klaus Lackner, a professor at the School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, one of the seven Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering at ASU.
Coinciding research entails precisely delivering the CO2 product derived from PDAC to the algae for optimal absorption and low product loss, followed by improving the algaes ability to assimilate CO2 for more resilient and robust ponds.
The goal of PDAC is to offer a sustainable and efficient supply of self-sourced CO2 from the atmosphere versus conventionally purchasing costly CO2 from the merchant market. It also may help in shifting the paradigm on the cost of CO2, McGowen says. This method of CO2 sourcing would remove the necessity for algae to be co-located near a point source emitter, such as a power plant or a CO2 pipeline, meaning they could potentially grow anywhere at scale an essential step in large-scale biofuel production.
The collaboration of key partners will make this concept a reality. Carbon Collect Limited, which has licensed technology developed by Lackner and the Center for Negative Carbon Emissions at ASU, has commercialized PDAC through the development of MechanicalTrees, which according to their website are a thousand times more efficient than natural trees at removing CO2 from the air.
AzCATI will leverage Carbon Collects installation in Tempe, Arizona, and use the CO2 generated from their MechanicalTrees. It will be transported in truckloads to AzCATI and will serve as the main CO2 source for their research, meaning there will be two wholly completed unique test-bed facilities at ASU directly interacting with each other, says Taylor Weiss, co-PI and assistant professor of environmental and resource management at The Polytechnic School.
In this case, the MechanicalTrees arent in close proximity to the algae ponds at AzCATI, requiring the need for CO2 transportation. However, in theory, strategically placing a cluster of MechanicalTrees on an algae crop would offer a continuous and unlimited source of CO2, achieving a self-sustaining crop wherever it makes sense to grow it, McGowen says.
The most promising locations possessing both the water resources and ideal climate for high-productivity algae cultivation are not near pipeline infrastructure, nor do they have the available land, he says. This is where the need for PDAC technology becomes apparent.
Weiss says that even with a sustainably sourced supply of CO2 through PDAC, there remain additional challenges in achieving high productivity, including how efficiently you can deliver that CO2 into the culture and how efficiently the algae can actually convert that CO2 into the most ideal form, in particular for biofuels.
Additional research partners the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, or NREL, and Burge Environmentalwill assist in taking on these challenges. They will offer expertise in innovative CO2 delivery and biocatalysis or supporting the CO2 uptake within algae cells, as well as providing support in genetically engineering algae to give them the ability to assimilate CO2 to improve the microbial ecology within a pond to enable robust outdoor cultivation.
Weiss believes that NRELs expertise will not only improve the efficiency of CO2 dissolution into the culture once it has been captured by PDAC, but will also leverage years of experience building a genetic engineering toolkit to enhance the rate of CO2 uptake by the algae cells.
McGowen and Weiss say that using algae for atmospheric CO2 mitigation to combat climate change is a promising pathway. They also think that algae are only part of the toolbox when it comes to decarbonizing the atmosphere, and they hope to see other technologies and innovations work in tandem with algae to make significant breakthroughs.
This investigation is about redirecting the CO2 within the cell into different forms of more valuable carbon products, while eliminating environmental threats to the algae that contribute to lower output, Weiss says. We look forward to putting this technology into action and empowering algae to reach their full potential.
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Global CRISPR Cas9 Market to 2027 Industry Perspective, Comprehensive Analysis, and Forecast Chip Design Magazine – Chip Design Magazine
Posted: at 6:39 am
The CRISPR Cas9 market report contains a detailed focused scene in which major players(Caribou Biosciences, Editas Medicine, Intellia Therapeutics, Mirus Bio, Integrated DNA Technologies (IDT), Horizon Discovery Group, Takara Bio, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Agilent Technologies, Cellecta, Merck, GeneCopoeia, CRISPR Therapeutics, GenScript)are profiled. Various companies engaged with the CRISPR Cas9 Market studies. TheCRISPR Cas9 market research reportgives a worldwide viewpoint. This can bolster the end consumer in making the right decision eventually leading to the growth of the CRISPR Cas9 market.
The report gives a forward-looking viewpoint on different driving and limiting factors needed for thedevelopment of the CRISPR Cas9 market. It gives a forecast based on how the market is assumed to increase. Their general organization review, major financial aspects, key advancements, weighted SWOT examination, land spread, developments, and processes are studied and have been competently mentioned in the CRISPR Cas9 market report.
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Leading Major Players included in the CRISPR Cas9 market reports are :
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Market Segment By Type:
Genome Editing, Genetic engineering, gRNA Database/Gene Librar, CRISPR Plasmid, Human Stem Cells, Genetically Modified Organisms/Crops, Cell Line Engineering
Market Segment By Application:
Biotechnology Companies, Pharmaceutical Companies, Academic Institutes, Research and Development Institutes
The foundation of the CRISPR Cas9 market is also mentioned in the report that can allow the consumers in applying primary techniques to gain a competitive advantage. Such a far-reaching and in-depth analysis provides the crucial extension with key recommendations and straight moderate review. This can be used to enhance the present position and design future extensions in a specific area in the CRISPR Cas9 market.
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Key Region & Countries:
Important Key Points of CRISPR Cas9 Market:
Years considered for this report:
Key questions answered in this report:
Imperative regions worldwide are studied and the patterns, drivers, advancements, difficulties, and restrictions impacting the CRISPR Cas9 market growth over these essential geologies are taken into considerations. A study of the impact of government policies and strategies on the processes of the CRISPR Cas9 market is also added to offer an in the general summary of the CRISPR Cas9 markets future.
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NOTE:Our research team is examining the Covid-19 impact on various industry verticals and Country Level impact for a better analysis of markets. The 2021 newest edition of this report is entitled to render extra information on the current situation, the strike of the economy, and COVID-19 impact on the overall industry.
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Five companies that underwent major rebrands – The National
Posted: at 6:39 am
Facebook on Thursday announced it is changing its name to Meta, joining a long list of well-known companies that have undergone major rebrands.
The new name is meant to reflect the technology company's shifting focus on its virtual "metaverse" world, which chief executive Mark Zuckerberg showcased during Facebook's annual conference on virtual and augmented reality.
Here are five other companies that taken on new names:
After changing its name to Alphabet in 2015, a new "slimmed-down" Google allowed investors to focus on the core search business. AP
Search behemoth Google worth more than $400 billion at the time shockingly announced in 2015 that it was changing its name to Alphabet, a technology conglomerate.
We liked the name 'Alphabet' because it means a collection of letters that represent language, one of humanity's most important innovations, and is the core of how we index with Google search, former chief executive Larry Page said in a blog post.
The slimmed-down Google allowed investors to focus on the strengths of the core search business.
Alphabet would take on some of the riskier ventures including genetic engineering and self-driving cars.
Dunkin' Donuts launched the tagline America runs on Dunkin' in 2006 and, after months of testing over a decade later, dropped Donuts from its name and logo.
Growing pressure from coffee chains and changes in Americans' eating habits led the company to shift its focus to drinks, which Dunkin' Brands chief executive David Hoffmann said has a higher margin for profit than its food.
The 2018 rebrand, complete with a new, modern logo, was meant to reflect a more streamlined concept.
By simplifying and modernising our name, while still paying homage to our heritage, we have an opportunity to create an incredible new energy for Dunkin," Mr Hoffman said.
But doughnuts are still on the menu and the chain sells billions of the pastries every year.
In 2002, the world's biggest wrestling company was forced to change its name after a legal battle.
The World Wrestling Federation, as it was then known, found itself in trouble with the World Wildlife Fund. The wilderness preservation charity had branded itself under the same abbreviation, WWF, 18 years before the Federation.
The World Wildlife Fund in 1994 insisted the Federation sign a legal document ensuring the wrestling company would limit its use of WWF outside of North America. In return, the Fund would not press further charges.
But the wrestling company largely ignored the agreement and continued to brand itself as WWF worldwide, going so far as to register a web domain nearly identical with that of the Fund. Following the wrestling boom of the late 1990s, Federation chief Vince McMachon's company landed in hot water again.
The charity successfully sued the Federation in 2000, forcing Mr McMahon to rebrand his wrestling empire.
Mr McMahon changed the wrestling company's name in 2002 to World Wrestling Entertainment, where it eventually came to be known simply as WWE.
The logo of Exxon Mobil Corporation is shown on a monitor above the floor of the New York Stock Exchange. Reuters
Famed entrepreneur John D Rockefeller's Standard Oil company once controlled more than 90 per cent of oil production in the US. As a result, an antitrust suit was filed in 1906, with the company accused of raising prices where it had a monopoly and slashing prices where it faced competition.
The oil company was broken up into 34 different companies in 1911, primarily based on geographical region. Two of these successor companies are now the largest oil companies in the US: Chevron and ExxonMobil.
In 2000, Chevron acquired Texaco in a deal valued at $45 billion, becoming ChevronTexaco only to drop Texaco from its name a few years later.
A year earlier, two of Standard Oil's largest offshoots reunited in a blockbuster merger.
Exxon, part of the Standard Oil New Jersey branch, signed a $75.3bn merger agreement with the New York successor, Mobil. Following this merger, the company rebranded itself as ExxonMobil and is now Standard Oil's largest direct descendant.
Disgraced US cyclist Lance Armstrong stepped down from his role as chairman at his foundation after being stripped of his seven Tour de France titles. AP
Following the biggest doping scandal in cycling history, the Lance Armstrong Foundation changed its name to Livestrong in 2012 to distance itself from the disgraced American cyclist.
Armstrong founded the charity in 1997 after he was diagnosed with testicular cancer and before his first Tour de France title.
In October 2012, Armstrong announced he was stepping down as chairman of the foundation after the International Cycling Union stripped him of his seven Tour de France wins.
That followed an earlier report from the US Anti-Doping Agency accusing him of running the most sophisticated, professionalised and successful doping programme that sport has ever seen".
The foundation soon changed its name to Livestrong the word inscribed on its signature yellow wristbands.
All of us especially Lance wanted Livestrong to have a presence that was bigger than its founder, board member Mark McKinnon said.
Updated: October 28th 2021, 8:57 PM
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Five companies that underwent major rebrands - The National
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UKZN and UN agency partnership paves the way for access to medicine – Mail and Guardian
Posted: at 6:39 am
The International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) this week signed a ground-breaking agreement that will see the university partnering with local companies to develop advanced biotherapeutics to be used in the treatment of various conditions including diabetes, arthritis, cancer and others.
The ICGEB was created by the United Nations in 1983 to facilitate biotechnology developments in the developing world. The organisations council of scientific advisors comprises the worlds leading scientists, among them Nobel prize-winners for medicine.
The ICGEB has three global centres: one is in Cape Town, and the others are in Trieste in Italy and New Delhi in India.
ICGEB Director-General Dr Lawrence Banks said during the signing ceremony that the partnership with UKZN is perfect, as the two organisations have lots of shared values and aims.
Dr Banks said the cornerstone of the collaboration is to ensure that state-of-the-art technology and science can bring benefits for all people in the world. He said this should begin with education, which forms the core mandate of the UKZN.
He said they must ensure that nobody is left behind in the partnership, and that this will be done in practical ways. He said they will ensure that they have fellowship programmes that will bring people not only from South Africa, but also from across the continent to work on state-of-the-art programmes within the life sciences.
What we do is not only for South Africa, but for the entire continent, said Dr Banks. He emphasised that the partnership must ensure that the fruits of modern biotechnology reach the people who need it.
At the end of the day, you can have wonderful therapeutics, but if its not affordable to the people its a complete waste of time, he said, adding that the partnership with UKZN is fundamental in bringing this about.
Dr Phil Mjwara, Director-General of the Department of Science and Innovation, said the partnership was in line with the White Paper on Science, Technology and Innovation adopted by the government in 2019.
The White Paper introduced a number of policy shifts, which relate to, among others, increasing the focus on inclusivity, transformation and linkages in the NSI; enhancing the innovation culture in society and government and improving policy coherence and budget co-ordination across government.
UKZNs Deputy Vice-Chancellor of Research and Innovation, Professor Mosa Moshabela, and the Dean of the School of Clinical Medicine, Professor Ncoza Dlova, will be responsible for conducting clinical trials within the next year.
The partnership is set to allow poor people to access expensive life saving medicines for the first time. The collaboration will be facilitated by AfricaBio through its President Dr Nhlanhla Msomi.
AfricaBio is an independent non-profit stakeholders association which represents the interests of all stakeholders involved in the biotechnology sector throughout Africa. It focuses on agriculture, health, industrial, environmental and marine biotech.
Dr Thami Chiliza, Microbiologist at the School of Life Sciences, UKZN, and a stakeholder of AfricaBio, said the partnership with the ICGEB will ensure that expertise rubs off onto students in an easier way, exposes them to what is out in there in the world of science, and contributes to job creation.
I really believe this will allow students to gain more exposure and experience in terms of the biotechnology sector, said Dr Chiliza.
It is expected that the collaboration will soon include other partnerships with the universities of Limpopo, Venda and Walter Sisulu.
Researcher Dr Thandeka Khoza said the partnership fits in with the UKZNs mission statement and goals, which include achievement of excellence in teaching and learning, excellence and high impact in research, innovation and entrepreneurship.
She said the university has various innovative research projects lined up that can offer various solutions to various diseases, and they have identified products from natural products from plants for use in cancer and TB research.
If we have ICGEB on board, these projects can move faster towards the project development stage so we can have a wide door of opportunities for all members of the university, said Dr Khoza.
What it does is, it bridges the gap between academic research and product-driven or industry-based research, which is what we are at this point in time, gearing ourselves towards and also attracting skills that position us for such research. So, we are confident that in no time our research will be applied research, and it will also be cost effective. We are going to have graduates that are fit for purpose, she said.
UKZN Deputy Vice-Chancellor Professor Mosa Moshabela said the partnership underlined the reality that institutions must work together: Ivory towers have to come to an end; we need to flatten the hierarchy, we have to get into equal partnerships with different stakeholders, we have to create a culture of sharing, and we must have the humility to learn from others. There is no way we can advance by working in isolation.
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UKZN and UN agency partnership paves the way for access to medicine - Mail and Guardian
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Novavax Files for Authorization of its COVID-19 Vaccine in the United Kingdom – PRNewswire
Posted: at 6:39 am
GAITHERSBURG, Md., Oct. 27, 2021 /PRNewswire/ --Novavax,Inc. (Nasdaq: NVAX), a biotechnology company dedicated to developing and commercializing next-generation vaccines for serious infectious diseases, today announced the completion of its rolling regulatory submission to the U.K. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) for authorization of its COVID-19 vaccine candidate. The company's application for Conditional Marketing Authorization (CMA) marks the first submission for authorization of a protein-based COVID-19 vaccine in the United Kingdom.
"This submission brings Novavax significantly closer to delivering millions of doses of the first protein-based COVID-19 vaccine, built on a proven, well-understood vaccine platform that demonstrated high efficacy against multiple strains of the coronavirus," said Stanley C. Erck, President and Chief Executive Officer, Novavax. "We look forward to MHRA's review and will be prepared to deliver vaccine doses following what we anticipate will be a positive decision. We thank the clinical trial participants and trial sites in the United Kingdom, as well as the U.K. Vaccines Taskforce, for their support and vital contributions to this program."
Novavax has now completed the submission of all modules required by MHRA for the regulatory review of NVX-CoV2373, the company's recombinant nanoparticle protein-based COVID-19 vaccine with Matrix-M adjuvant. This includes preclinical, clinical, and chemistry, manufacturing and controls (CMC) data. Clinical data from a pivotal Phase 3 trial of 15,000 volunteers in the U.K. was submitted to MHRA earlier this yearin which NVX-CoV2373 demonstrated efficacy of 96.4% against the original virus strain, 86.3% against the Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant and 89.7% efficacy overall, as well as a favorable safety and tolerability profile. The submission also includes data from PREVENT-19, a 30,000-person trial in the U.S. and Mexico, which demonstrated 100% protection against moderate and severe disease and 90.4% efficacy overall. NVX-CoV2373 was generally well-tolerated and elicited a robust antibody response.
Novavax expects to complete additional regulatory filings in key markets, including Europe, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the World Health Organization and other markets around the world shortly following the U.K. submission. In the U.S., Novavax expects to submit the complete package to the FDA by the end of the year. The company continues to work closely with governments, regulatory authorities and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in its commitment to ensuring equitable global access to its COVID-19 vaccine.
"The submission to MHRA leverages our manufacturing partnership with the Serum Institute of India, the world's largest supplier of COVID-19 vaccines," said Rick Crowley, Executive Vice President, Chief Operations Officer, Novavax. "In the near future, we expect to supplement this filing with supply from our global supply chain."
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About NVX-CoV2373NVX-CoV2373 is a protein-based vaccine candidate engineered from the genetic sequence of the first strain of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 disease. NVX-CoV2373 was created using Novavax' recombinant nanoparticle technology to generate antigen derived from the coronavirus spike (S) protein and is formulated with Novavax' patented saponin-based Matrix-M adjuvant to enhance the immune response and stimulate high levels of neutralizing antibodies. NVX-CoV2373 contains purified protein antigen and can neither replicate nor can it cause COVID-19.
Novavax' COVID-19 vaccine is packaged as a ready-to-use liquid formulation in a vial containing ten doses. The vaccination regimen calls for two 0.5 ml doses (5 microgram antigen and 50 microgram Matrix-Madjuvant) given intramuscularly 21 days apart. The vaccine is stored at 2- 8Celsius, enabling the use of existing vaccine supply and cold chain channels.
About Matrix-M AdjuvantNovavax' patented saponin-based Matrix-M adjuvant has demonstrated a potent and well-tolerated effect by stimulating the entry of antigen-presenting cells into the injection site and enhancing antigen presentation in local lymph nodes, boosting immune response.
About NovavaxNovavax, Inc.(Nasdaq: NVAX) is a biotechnology company that promotes improved health globally through the discovery, development and commercialization of innovative vaccines to prevent serious infectious diseases. The company's proprietary recombinant technology platform combines the power and speed of genetic engineering to efficiently produce highly immunogenic nanoparticles designed to address urgent global health needs.Novavaxis conducting late-stage clinical trials for NVX-CoV2373, its vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. NanoFlu, its quadrivalent influenza nanoparticle vaccine, met all primary objectives in its pivotal Phase 3 clinical trial in older adults. Both vaccine candidates incorporateNovavax' proprietary saponin-based Matrix-M adjuvant to enhance the immune response and stimulate high levels of neutralizing antibodies.
For more information, visitwww.novavax.comand connect with us on TwitterandLinkedIn.
Forward-Looking StatementsStatements herein relating to the future of Novavax, its operating plans and prospects, its partnerships, the ongoing development of NVX-CoV2373 and other Novavax vaccine product candidates, the scope, timing and outcome of future regulatory filings and actions and the preparedness of Novavax to deliver vaccine doses are forward-looking statements. Novavax cautions that these forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such statements. These risks and uncertainties include challenges satisfying, alone or together with partners, various safety, efficacy, and product characterization requirements, including those related to process qualification and assay validation, necessary to satisfy applicable regulatory authorities; difficulty obtaining scarce raw materials and supplies; resource constraints, including human capital and manufacturing capacity, on the ability of Novavax to pursue planned regulatory pathways; challenges meeting contractual requirements under agreements with multiple commercial, governmental, and other entities; and those other risk factors identified in the "Risk Factors" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" sections of Novavax' Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 and subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). We caution investors not to place considerable reliance on forward-looking statements contained in this press release. You are encouraged to read our filings with the SEC, available at http://www.sec.gov and http://www.novavax.com, for a discussion of these and other risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements in this press release speak only as of the date of this document, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any of the statements. Our business is subject to substantial risks and uncertainties, including those referenced above. Investors, potential investors, and others should give careful consideration to these risks and uncertainties.
Contacts:
InvestorsNovavax, Inc.Erika Schultz| 240-268-2022[emailprotected]
Solebury TroutAlexandra Roy| 617-221-9197[emailprotected]
MediaAlison Chartan| 240-720-7804Laura KeenanLindsey | 202-709-7521[emailprotected]
SOURCE Novavax, Inc.
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Looking Back 20 Years After the Unveiling of the First Human Genome Sequence – DNA Science – PLoS Blogs
Posted: at 6:28 am
Im about to begin revising the 14th edition of my human genetics textbook. In normal times, Id have amassed technical articles and case reports, as well as notes from meetings and interviews, choosing topics to add or ax and updating or replacing examples as the new edition takes shape.
But I havent thought much about genetics in 18 months, instead obsessively reading, listening, and writing about COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2, terms that didnt exist when the current edition was published in September 2019. The before time.
So much has changed since I published my first COVID article on January 23, 2020.
Im relieved to focus once more on human genetics. A recent webinar from scientific publisher Elsevier, 20 Years of the Human Genome: From Sequence to Substance, has helped me get back on track and brought back memories.
Genetics Begat Genomics
I attended meetings in the mid-1980s, when gene mapping technologies had advanced enough to make sequencing the human genome a possibility, and not science fiction. Discovering the precise sequence of the DNA bases A, T, C, and G of that first human genome took a decade; today it can be done in under a day, a sequence displayable on a cell phone.
The US government-funded program to sequence the human genome began in 1990, accelerating as technologies improved. Each edition of my textbook followed the progress, starting with the first edition in 1993. The human genome was at first a chapter tacked onto the end. Then I moved it to follow molecular genetics and mutations. Now, genomics is woven into every chapter.
The final years of the effort to sequence a human genome became a contentious race between government researchers and the private company Celera Genomics. On June 26, 2000, Francis Collins, from the National Institutes of Health, and J. Craig Venter, from Celera, flanked President Clinton in the White House rose garden to announce the great sequencing the only open date on the calendar, so goes the lore. The effort supposedly ended in a tie.
The first drafts of a human genome sequence were published in February 2001. The Celera version was in Science, with 5 individuals contributing to that composite genome including Venter. Nature published the version from the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium, which included the NIH group and used genome pieces from several de-identified individuals.
A fuller version was published in 2003, but all the gaps werent filled in until a publication on May 7, 2021. We now know that a human genome consists of 3,054,832,041 DNA base pairs.
Yet even as the first draft was nearing announcement, a global effort to catalog genetic variability had already begun, in 1999: the SNP Consortium. A single nucleotide polymorphism SNP is a place in the genome at which most people have one of the four DNA bases, but others have one of the other three. Cataloging the rarer SNPs quickly revealed that there is no one human genome. Were mostly the same, but the interesting parts of our genomes, many that impact health, differ.
The Rise, Finally, of Genomic Medicine
Last month, 20 Years of the Human Genome: From Sequence to Substance, began with remarks from Eric Green, MD, PhD, director of the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI genome.gov/). He defined genomic medicine as an interdisciplinary medical specialty involving the use of genomic information. It embraces:
genetic testing
gene variants
exome and genome sequencing
DNA and RNA as biomarkers
microbiomes
big data omics: genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, pharmacogenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics
ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of genetic and genomic research for individuals, families and communities
communication of findings
Practical applications of genome information have been a long time coming. Its 18 years out from the end of the genome project, 20 years from completion of the finished sequence, yet we are just starting to see genomic medical implementation. The most notable advances are in cancer genomics and pharmacogenomics, in rare genetic disease diagnostics, and diagnosing cases in ways that we never could have anticipated, faster and faster, Green said. He mentioned the newborn ICU, where rapid access to genomic information can now provide in days diagnoses that once took months, even years, in some cases changing and saving lives.
Dr. Green discussed 4 insights on the impact of genomic advances since the unveiling of the first draft sequences.
1. We are victims of our own success. We can generate human genome sequences easily and quickly. Getting an inventory of variants for an individual is straightforward, but understanding that list, and knowing for each variant what to do clinically or what to ignore, is not trivial. We often dont know what a list of gene variants means. Dr. Green mentioned ClinGen, an NIH-funded resource that defines the clinical relevance of genes and variants for use in precision medicine and research.
2. We have changed the relevance of genomics in our world. When I got involved at the beginning, it was just a bunch of geeky scientists like me trying to map the genome. We convinced health care professionals to come under our tent. Then we started doing genomic medicine cancer, pharmacogenomics, prenatal testing, rare disease diagnosis. Now genomics touches the health care ecosystem. Genomics is very much a part of society. Privacy, regulation, payment, all come with the responsibility of something becoming relevant.
3. We have a pervasive diversity problem in our field, from participants engaging as part of studies, to our workforce. He offered the example of the many genome-wide association studies GWAS that teased links between genome parts and traits/illnesses. A great majority of participants in GWAS in 2009 were European 96% and by 2016 it was 81%.
We must address health equity issues as genomic medicine is implemented. But we risk exacerbating this problem because traditionally we know that first access to cutting edge genomic medicine is skewed to people with the best health care, and thats disproportionately people of European ancestry, Dr. Green said. The Human Pangenome Reference Center.o is compiling genome sequences that reflect all human genome variation.
4. Beyond genomics. We are in a remarkable growth phase of genomic medicine due to technology we have for sequencing DNA. But health and environmental monitoring technologies are important too, and with those we can generate other omic data to couple with genomic data.
Dr. Green suggested that we think more broadly about genomic medicine, and say decision medicine as a more precise accounting of individual variability. Precision medicine is how genomic risk affects physiology, which also reflects lifestyle and environment. Through the lens of individual genetic variants, we have a powerful opportunity to advance our understanding of human health and disease. He mentioned the NIHs All of Us cohort of a million volunteers, adding that the UK Biobank is way ahead of us.
In October 2020, on the eve of the pandemic, Dr. Green and a stellar team published 10 Bold Predictions for Human Genomics by 2030. They are:
1. Sequencing and analyzing complete human genomes will become common in research labs2. Knowing every genes function3. Considering environmental influences on genomes to predict health and disease4. Genomics will no longer use social constructs, like race, in research5. Science fairs will include more genomics projects6. Genomic testing will become as commonplace in medicine as blood tests7. It will be easy to know if a persons gene variants are clinically important8. Smartphones will display complete genome sequences unveiled 2 months later9. Advances will benefit all 10. Genomics discovery and technologies will cure more genetic diseases
At the end of the webinar, Dr. Green took a walk down memory lane 30 years ago when the idea of sequencing the human genome arose. He joked about how little attention was paid to whose genome would be sequenced.
Were the parts being sequenced from the PI (principal investigator) or the slowest post doc who couldnt run out quickly enough when they came with the hypodermic to draw blood? Someone said whoever you pick, make sure that person is normal.
We now know that everyone is a mutant in some way and it doesnt matter. Now we recognize the lack of insight and thoughts about implications of actually getting that first sequence of a human genome. Weve come a long way in terms of thinking about these things, now that we have millions of genomes sequenced, but we really werent prepared for that first one.
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Global Genome Editing Market 2021 Size Share Upcoming Trends Segmentation And Forecast To 2027 Chip Design Magazine – Chip Design Magazine
Posted: at 6:28 am
The Genome Editing market report contains a detailed focused scene in which major players (OriGene, Thermo Fisher Scientific, NEB, Integrated DNA Technologies Inc, Lonza Group Ltd., Sangamo, GenScript, Transposagen, IDT, Horizon) are profiled. Various companies engaged with the Genome Editing are studies. TheGenome Editing market research reportgives a worldwide viewpoint. This can help the end consumer to make the right decision which ultimately leads to the development of the Genome Editing market. This brand-new report covers the current COVID-19 impact on the global market. Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemics have affected every aspect of life globally. This has brought many changes in the market conditions. Initial and future assessments of the rapidly changing market landscape and impact are included in the report.
(The report sample of this is easily available on request).
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According to the study, the market was predicted to grow at a CAGR of approximately xx% through the forecast period to strikeUSD xx million by 2026, reaching USD xx million in 2020.
The report gives a forward-looking viewpoint on different driving and limiting factors needed for the development ofthe Genome Editing market. It provides forecasts based on how the market should be developed. Their general organization review, key financial aspects, major progress, SWOT analysis, competitive analysis, growth and strategies are studied and discussed in the Genome Editing market report.
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OriGene, Thermo Fisher Scientific, NEB, Integrated DNA Technologies Inc, Lonza Group Ltd., Sangamo, GenScript, Transposagen, IDT, Horizon, among others
(Note: Driving key market players in the Genome Editing industry are scrutinized in the report along with their financial analysis, SWOT profile, business overview, products & services, operations, and geographical locations.)
This report studies the Genome Editing market based on its classifications. In addition to this, major regions (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, The Middle East and Africa, etc.) are also studies via this report. This report offers a detailed examination of the market by studying aggressive factors of the Genome Editing market. It also helps in identifying the main product sectors and their forecast in the years to come.
Global Market Segmentation by Product Type:
CRISPR, TALEN, ZFN, Antisense, Other Technologies
Global Industry Segmentation by Application:
Cell Line Engineering, Animal Genetic Engineering, Plant Genetic Engineering, Other Applications
Competitive Analysis:
The foundation of the Genome Editing market is also mentioned in the report that can allow the consumers in applying primary techniques to gain a competitive advantage. Such far-reaching and in-depth analyzes give the necessary detail with key ideas and honest scalable analysis. It can be used to improve the current state and to plan future expansion in a particular section in the Genome Editing market.
Imperial regions are studied all over the world and the types, drivers, development, restraints, and challenges that influence the growth of the Genome Editing market are taken into consideration on these essential geologies. Research on the impact of government strategies and policies of Genome Editing market processes has also been added to give a comprehensive summary of the future of the Genome Editing market.
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Understanding Translocation RCC Biology, Genomic Drivers May Provide Answers Needed for Better Targeted Treatments Options – www.oncnursingnews.com/
Posted: at 6:28 am
Research in translocation renal cell carcinoma (tRCC) has been limited by the rareness of the disease, explained Ziad Bakouny, MD, MSc. Current treatment practices involve therapies that have demonstrated efficacy in other forms of kidney cancer, but these options do not necessarily improve outcomes in this specific population.
If we do not understand the biology [of the disease], we are not going to be able to target it correctly, Bakouny said. Currently, extrapolating treatments from clear cell RCC has not yielded optimal outcomes. Because of this, we want to understand the biology more to be able to target the disease better, treat patients better, and ultimately get them better clinical outcomes.
In an interview withOncLive, a sister publication of Oncology Nursing News,during the 2021 Kidney Cancer Research Summit, Bakouny, a research associate at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and resident in internal medicine at Brigham and Womens Hospital, discussed recent ongoing research into the genomic drivers and biology of tRCC that could lead to improved outcomes for patients.
Could you provide some background on the treatment of tRCC?
Bakouny: tRCC is a very rare disease that affects primarily young patients, and interestingly, females more than males. It is thought to account for 1% to 5% of all RCCs in adults, and in children, it accounts for 20% to 50% of kidney cancers. The disease is aggressive, and what we know about is actually that we do not know that much. There have been large studies on more frequent forms of kidney cancer, including clear cell RCC and papillary RCC, and because of these efforts, there is quite a bit understood about the genomic drivers of this disease.
However, rarer forms, like tRCC, have not been studied as extensively, and we do not know much about them. This contributes to the fact that we do not have many therapies that work for them. All the therapies currently used for tRCC are extrapolated from clear cell RCC, as well as from other forms of kidney cancer.
The reason it is important to understand the biology of tRCC is because it is aggressive, and patients, unfortunately, often have poor outcomes, Additionally, it disproportionately affects young patients, and there is a significant burden of disease for these young patients, particularly young women.
What were the key takeaways from this research? Did investigators identify any clinical molecular features of the disease?
Because of how rare this disease is, we realized that we could not do this on our own, in the sense that no one center anywhere across the world would have been able to get enough samples to study the molecular characteristics of the disease, in addition to the clinical characteristics. What we did was pull data from approximately 10 different data sets that were publicly available, including some of our own. We put it all together and we analyzed it, using some unorthodox methods, to be able to ask the questions about what the molecular characteristics of these tumors are, what is driving these tumors, and what therapies might work for them.
To do this, we pulled the data together and included genomic data such as DNA level analyses and mutations. We also looked at fusions because these tumors are known to be driven by a characteristic fusion involving theTFEfamily of genes. Then we looked at was transcriptomic data, as well, and wanted to know what the transcriptomic characteristics of these tumors are. Finally, we looked at clinical responses to therapies.
In the DNA-level analyses of data, we found that these tumors have a silent genomethey do not have a lot of mutations, they do not have a lot of copy number alterations. Despite that, they do seem to have some recurrent alterations that we have identified, primarily 9p21.3 deletion, which is theCDK2NAlocus that seems to be deleted in up to 20% of these tumors, as well as a few mutations that we detected in DNA damage response genes andSWI/SNFgenes. That was the mutational bucket, in fusion bucket, it is known that these tumors evolveTFE3,TFEB, andMITFgenes. What we noticed is that the pattern of how these fusions form, what they conserve as part of these genes, differs between fusions. These genes seem to conserve the C-terminal domain, the DNA binding domain, of these proteins well, but depending on the actual gene itself, there are different parts of the protein domains that are conserved in the fusion product between them, so we that was characterized.
On the transcriptomic side of things, what we found is that these tumors seem to have a distinct transcriptional signature that is different from all other forms of RCC. This is characterized by genes that are known to be targets ofTFE3. We then used cell lines to transfect the fusion into this alliance [and were then able to] deduct that the transcriptional program of these tumors appears to be induced by the fusion itself. We then asked, what is this transcriptional program and what is it characterized by? What we found is that it is characterized by activation of the NRF2 transcriptional program, and that is a program that has been known to be activated across several malignancies.
Now that we know what the genomic characteristics are, we know what the fusion looks like, and we know what the transcriptomics look like for these tumors, we are left with the clinical response. What we found is that, as expected, these NRF2-expressing tumors do not seem to respond well to targeted therapies, which explains the usually poor outcomes seen in this patient population. We used to treat clear cell RCC with targeted therapies like mTOR inhibitors and VEGF inhibitors, and because of the NRF2 activation, we see poor responses to those with tRCC. However, they [do seem to] respond well to immune checkpoint inhibitors. We used our own data, as well as data from tRCCs that were identified post hoc in the phase 3 IMmotion151 trial (NCT02420821) to show that these tumors respond well to immune checkpoint inhibitors. This is still preliminary data, but given how rare this disease is, we believe they are convincing data that patients with these tumors may do well on immune checkpoint inhibitors or immune checkpoint inhibitor-based combinations.
What are some next steps for this research?
I am excited that through our study, and from multiple other studies that have been done in this space, we now have a firmer grasp on what the genomics of these tumors are and what the drivers are. What remains to be understood is how these interplay with each other. For instance, what is the fusion doing with theCDKN2Aloss? How are they cooperating to drive the pathogenesis of these tumors?
The next step that I am excited about is figuring out the underlying biology and following up on some of the signals that we have seen on how [these factors] interact with each other to drive tumor pathogenesis. The hope is that with a more granular understanding of these tumors, we will be able to develop specific therapies that target the pathogenic processes and be able to improve the outcomes of these patients, which is still a huge unmet clinical need.
Are there any recent therapeutic developments in tRCC, that should be highlighted that you want to discuss?
Unfortunately, the main therapeutic developments are the ones I previously mentioned as part of our study and others. These therapeutic developments are using the treatments we already have for RCC and seeing how they do in tRCC. This alludes to some of our own work that was just mentioned about how immune checkpoint inhibitors might do well in these tumors. There is corroborating data from other studies that have shown similar things, and right now, that is the most exciting space, in terms something that is clinically actionable. That said, the next steps are targeting the underlying biology of disease. That is what may drive improvement in the outcomes of patients with these tumors.
This article was originally published on OncLive as Research Efforts Seek to Understand Biology, Genomic Driver of Translocation RCC
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Understanding Translocation RCC Biology, Genomic Drivers May Provide Answers Needed for Better Targeted Treatments Options - http://www.oncnursingnews.com/
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Global Genome Editing Market 2021: SWOT Analysis of Key Driving Factors for Growing CAGR Value | Top Brands: Genscript, Horizon Discovery Group,…
Posted: at 6:28 am
The latest research report on the Global Genome Editing Market provides the cumulative study on the COVID-19 outbreak to provide the latest information on the key features of the Genome Editing market. This intelligence report contains investigations based on current scenarios, historical records and future forecasts. The report contains various market forecasts related to market size, revenue, production, CAGR, consumption, gross margin in the form of charts, graphs, pie charts, tables and more. While emphasizing the main driving and restraining forces in this market, the report also offers a comprehensive study of future trends and developments in the market. It also examines the role of the major market players involved in the industry, including their business overview, financial summary and SWOT analysis. It provides a 360-degree overview of the industries competitive landscape. Genome Editing Market shows steady growth and CAGR is expected to improve during the forecast period.
The Global Genome Editing Market Report gives you in-depth information, industry knowledge, market forecast and analysis. The global Genome Editing industry report also clarifies financial risks and environmental compliance. The Global Genome Editing Market Report helps industry enthusiasts including investors and decision makers to make reliable capital investments, develop strategies, optimize their business portfolio, succeed in innovation and work safely and sustainably.
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The segmentation chapters enable readers to understand aspects of the market such as its products, available technology and applications. These chapters are written to describe their development over the years and the course they are likely to take in the coming years. The research report also provides detailed information on new trends that may define the development of these segments in the coming years.
Genome Editing Market Segmentation:
Genome Editing Market, By Application (2016-2027)
Genome Editing Market, By Product (2016-2027)
Major Players Operating in the Genome Editing Market:
Company Profiles This is a very important section of the report that contains accurate and detailed profiles for the major players in the global Genome Editing market. It provides information on the main business, markets, gross margin, revenue, price, production and other factors that define the market development of the players studied in the Genome Editing market report.
Global Genome Editing Market: Regional Segments
The different section on regional segmentation gives the regional aspects of the worldwide Genome Editing market. This chapter describes the regulatory structure that is likely to impact the complete market. It highlights the political landscape in the market and predicts its influence on the Genome Editing market globally.
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The Study Objectives are:
This report includes the estimation of market size for value (million USD) and volume (K Units). Both top-down and bottom-up approaches have been used to estimate and validate the market size of Genome Editing market, to estimate the size of various other dependent submarkets in the overall market. Key players in the market have been identified through secondary research, and their market shares have been determined through primary and secondary research. All percentage shares, splits, and breakdowns have been determined using secondary sources and verified primary sources.
Some Major Points from Table of Contents:
Chapter 1. Research Methodology & Data Sources
Chapter 2. Executive Summary
Chapter 3. Genome Editing Market: Industry Analysis
Chapter 4. Genome Editing Market: Product Insights
Chapter 5. Genome Editing Market: Application Insights
Chapter 6. Genome Editing Market: Regional Insights
Chapter 7. Genome Editing Market: Competitive Landscape
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