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Category Archives: Transhuman News

Needy Fund helps single mother of three pay rent – Cape Cod Times

Posted: December 17, 2021 at 10:52 am

A single mother of three young children was having difficulty making ends meet.Although her job in a nursing home had available hours for her to work, she was only able to work part-time, due to not being able to find consistent child care that she could afford.

During the pandemic, the problem worsened.She began having trouble paying herrent andfell deeper and deeper into a financial hole.

When she was no longer able to keep up with her rent payments, she reached out to the Cape Cod Times Needy Fund. The Needy Fund was able to help her pay off herback rent, giving the single mother one less bill to worry about.

Many human service agenciesoffer assistance tothose in need, but the Cape Cod Times Needy Fund has been helping with a host of immediate, short-term emergencies, such as food, rent, medical costs and other basic expenses since 1936.

No cash is given to Needy Fund recipients. Instead, the agency pays vendors through a voucher program. The case described above was provided by the Needy Fund on condition of anonymity.

Donations, which are tax deductible, may be made atneedyfund.org. Checksalso canbe made payable to the Cape Cod Times Needy Fund and mailed to Cape Cod Times Needy Fund, P.O. Box 36, Hyannis, MA 02601.

Those needing assistance may contact the Needy Fund at 508-778-5661 or 800-422-1446.

Questions can be emailed to info@needyfund.org. The Needy Fund is also on Facebook (facebook.com/NeedyFund)andTwitter (@NeedyFund).

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Needy Fund helps single mother of three pay rent - Cape Cod Times

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Ask Ethan: Why haven’t we made "first contact" with aliens yet? – Big Think

Posted: at 10:46 am

If youve ever gazed up at a dark, clear night sky, you might feel the same thing that I do each and every time: like its beckoning us, drawing us in, calling us to explore and wonder whats out there in the great abyss of space. Each point of distant, twinkling light isnt just a star in its own right, but also a chance: for planets, for biochemistry, and for life. If we really allow our imaginations to run wild, we might even imagine the existence of something better than merely life, such as the existence of life like us thats intelligent, self-aware, and technologically advanced.

But that brings up a question that humanity has obsessed over for generations: if the ingredients for life are common, and we evolved naturally, then where is everyone else? Many of you consistently write in with variations on this question, including Franco Camporeale, Oleg (Alex) Naum, and Zoe Eppley, asking things like:

The Fermi Paradox has come up a few times in my recent reading does:

have anything to do with what the resolution to the question of where is everyone?'

Its a fascinating topic to speculate about, but even a better topic for laying out the science. Lets take an in-depth look at what we know about all thats out there.

If we want to understand how the Universe makes intelligent life, we have to consider two things. First, we have to consider the steps that needed to occur in order to bring about our own existence. And then, we need to think about ways that intelligent could arise in circumstances that differ from our own, and to make sure, wherever possible, that were doing it in as quantitatively accurate a fashion as possible. We also have to make sure that we dont make unfounded assumptions, or fall for any one of a number of logical fallacies, like conflating absence of evidence with evidence of absence or the post hoc ergo propter hoc (this came after, therefore it was caused by) fallacy.

Its also important to learn how not to make an estimate of whats out there, and there are two all-too-common pitfalls that people even the most brilliant of scientists make when considering this question. One is that they make point estimates, akin to, we may not know this parameter, so heres what we estimate it to be, which is relatively meaningless. If youre going to make such an estimate, its only meaningful if you include either an uncertainty range, a set of error bars, or some other likelihood predictor. Theres an enormous difference between saying that you estimate the odds of something are 1-in-100 with a 10% uncertainty, a 1000% uncertainty, or a two-tailed uncertainty where it could be as high as 1-in-10, but there could be no lower limit at all.

But the other mistake that people make is perhaps the most common mistake of all when it comes to attempting to answer the Fermi Paradox: making use of the Drake equation. Now, the Drake equation has many lessons for us that are interesting, and when it was first put forth, it was a monumental achievement from a scientific perspective. For the first time, it broke up a seemingly unknowable question of how many intelligent, spacefaring civilizations there are within our galaxy today, right at this very minute, into a series of smaller questions that we could conceive of solving one-at-a-time.

We could, for example, measure or estimate things like:

Multiply all of those things together, and youll wind up with an estimate for the number of active civilizations that we could potentially detect today.

But immediately, we run into a few major problems. For one, weve measured the rate of star formation in the Milky Way, and we actually know it pretty well. Unfortunately, if you took that star formation rate and multiplied it by the age of the Universe since the hot Big Bang, youd wind up with almost no stars; youd calculate that the Milky Way should have formed a total of around 10 billion stars over our cosmic history.

I know that 10 billion probably sounds like a big number, but compared to the actual estimate for the number of stars in our galaxy which is more like 400 billion its only 2-3%.

Fortunately, its easy to identify the reason why this method of calculating how many stars weve formed, which youd imagine would give you the total number of stars in the galaxy, is so thoroughly wrongheaded. The superficial reason is fairly obvious: the star formation rate is not constant over our cosmic history. In fact, weve come to understand that the Universe was born without stars, that stars began forming during the first ~200 million years or so, and then the star formation increased for the first ~3 billion years of our cosmic history, reached a peak, and has been dropping ever since. Locally, weve probably experienced bursts of star formation when weve absorbed smaller, satellite galaxies, and may even be starting to experience another as the Magellanic Clouds and Andromeda exert their gravitational influence on the gas, dust, and other neutral matter within our own galaxy.

But thats only the superficial reason why the Drake equation is problematic today. The deeper reason is that the Drake equation, when it was put forth, made an assumption about the Universe that we know, today, is untrue: it assumed that the Universe was eternal and static in time. As we learned only a few years after Frank Drake first put forth the famous equation that bears his name, the Universe doesnt exist in a steady state, where its unchanging in time, but rather has evolved from a hot, dense, energetic, rapidly expanding state: a hot Big Bang, that occurred a finite duration in our cosmic past.

Instead, its a much more productive route to calculate the quantities we now, today, can speak about with some level of certainty, and then move on to the great cosmic unknowns in as responsible a fashion as we can.

Unlike the situation some 60+ years ago, when the Drake equation was first proposed, we now have an excellent idea of what our Universe is like, both in and beyond the Milky Way and Local Group. We understand what the various populations of stars are that exist, and what sorts of steps need to occur to make heavy elements, rocky planets, and allow for the possibility of complex chemistry and important reactions, such as the formation of energy-storing molecules from nothing more than the ubiquitous building blocks and starlight.

Additionally, weve also learned an incredible amount about the types and abundances of planets that exist around stars other than our own: exoplanets. As little as 30 years ago, we were only discovering our very first planets around stars beside the Sun; today, at the end of 2021, were closing in on having a whopping 5,000 confirmed exoplanets. And sure, there are biases in our data were preferentially detecting the planets that are the easiest to detect but we know how to account for and quantify those biases.

Instead of needing to speculate about how many stars form, how many have planets, how many planets per system have the potential for life, etc., we can actually go to some excellent data. Here in our modern Milky Way, we already know:

and many other vital parameters. On this front, its actually straightforward to come up with a solid estimate for how many potentially habitable planets are in our galaxy.

In fact, we can perform that calculation in a variety of ways, just to show how powerful our set of knowledge is.

There are about 400 billion stars in the Milky Way: ~80% of which are red dwarfs, ~18% of which are Sun-like, and only ~2% of which are too massive and short-lived to be interesting for life.

There are, as far as we can tell, about 5-to-10 planets per stellar system, with approximately ~1-to-2 planets in what we (questionably) call the habitable zone around each star.

Of the planets that exist around Sun-like stars, we believe that about ~20% of them are Earth-like in terms of size; a greater percentage than that are terrestrial around the more common red dwarf stars.

If we assume, conservatively, that red dwarf systems are not habitable at all, but Sun-like systems are, then all we have to do is multiply:

then we arrive at an estimate for the number of potentially inhabited planets in the Milky Way: 21,600,000,000.

It doesnt make sense to use so many significant figures; 20 billion is good enough, but also we have to remember that all of these numbers have uncertainties. There may be as few as 200 billion stars; half of our estimate. Some of the stars may be too low in metals what astronomers call the heavy elements in the Universe for planets with life, but the percentage is small; less than 10% for certain. Some stars might not have planets, but again the percentage is small; less than 20% for certain. The habitable zone may be larger or narrower than we think; tack another ~33% uncertainty onto our estimate.

And we havent sampled the low end of the mass/radius portion of the exoplanet population very well; our estimate of 20% being Earth-like in size could go up or down; its reasonable to put a 25% uncertainty on that figure. All in all, there could reasonably be as few as 5 billion potentially habitable planets in the Milky Way, or perhaps as many as 50 billion. If red dwarf systems are potentially habitable as well, that number could increase tenfold. And at the same time, many of the things weve worried about in the past:

likely dont particularly matter one way or the other.

But beyond that, we still have some major, major unknowns where our level of cosmic ignorance is truly staggering. We know the ingredients that life requires are ubiquitous everywhere we look: in asteroids, in gas in the galactic center, in outflows around massive, newly forming stars, and even in the atmospheres and on the surface of other planets and moons in our Solar System.

But even with all the raw ingredients, what is the fraction of potentially inhabited planets where life actually arose from non-life? In Carl Sagans original Cosmos series, he gave a figure of 0.1 10% and asserted that was a conservative number.

That is not necessarily the case; life could be difficult. Just because it arose early on in the history of Earth doesnt mean that a significant fraction of planets actually have (or ever had) life on them. It could be nearly 100%, or 10%, or 1%, or 0.01%, or a one-in-a-million chance or slimmer that life arises from non-life. If we rewound the clock and started Earth over again, how likely is it that life would have arisen and thrived here? Our ignorance is astounding.

Similarly, once life does arise, how often does it get wiped out, versus how often does it endure for many billions of years? How frequently does it remain in a relatively simple state, unable to develop complexity, differentiation, multicellularity, or sexual (meiotic) reproduction? How often, even after billions of years, does it actually begin to look like life on Earth did at the start of the Cambrian explosion?

Again, we have no knowledge at all of how this works. If you estimated it occurred 10% of the time, thats reasonable, but so is 90% of the time, and so is 0.001% of the time. Without observational or experimental evidence to point us in the right direction, were simply deluding ourselves if we make a strong assertion.

Furthermore, we know that after life on Earth became complex and differentiated and multicellular and reproduced sexually, it still took more than 500 million years, and was likely just the result of random chance, for a species to arise that would become technologically advanced. How often does that occur? Is this a chance where its a number that makes sense to write in percentages, or is this such a rare event that its like winning the Powerball lottery five times in a row? And furthermore, how long does that life endure? Does it ever become a multi-planet or even an interstellar civilization, or is the progression from technologically advanced to extinct a relatively rapid one?

At this point, our uncertainties are so large that its eminently reasonable that not only might human beings be the only intelligent life in the Milky Way, but in the entire observable Universe, which likely contains more than a trillion (1,000,000,000,000) times as many stars as our own galaxy.

We can confidently say, give or take, that there are perhaps 20 billion Earth-sized planets, made of similar elements to our own world, at the right distance from their parent star to have liquid water on their surface, assuming an Earth-like atmosphere as well. But of those worlds, how many of them have life? It could be most of them, many of them, or only a tiny fraction. Of the ones with life, how many of them develop complex, differentiated, intelligent, and technologically advanced life?

Before we even start asking questions about longevity, colonization, or machine-based life, we should admit with a non-negligible probability the most obvious resolution to the Fermi Paradox: the reason we havent made first contact with intelligent, technologically advanced, spacefaring alien civilizations is because there are none. In all the galaxy, and perhaps even in all the Universe, it really may just be us.

Without evidence to the contrary, we have every reason to keep looking and searching, but no reason other than our own preferences to believe that other creatures, similar to humans, are out there. While it may be incredible fun to theorize a myriad of possible explanations as to why intelligent extraterrestrials might remain hidden from us, the simplest possibility, that they just arent out there, should be the default hypothesis until proven otherwise.

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Decolonizing the GMO debate – The Counter

Posted: at 10:45 am

Looping back to the twinned premises of the boilerplate GMO defense, my worry over scientism is only the half of it. Pair that with a technological fix mindset, and I grew even more unsettled at a mismatch in debates over food systems reform.

To that end, I should say that although I study the history of science, technology, and agriculture, I spend most of my time with engineers and scientists. In that capacity, Ive spent more energy than Id like to admit rebutting technical fixes to more-than-technical problems. Most of those other classes I was teaching the past dozen years have aimed at helping engineers-in-training come to their work with a more culturally attuned concept of technology. As in, technologies are not merely value-free objects sitting on the shelf. They are, rather, systems of people, activities, knowledge, and organization. They carry the history of their origins, the values of the institutions that shaped them, and the cultural context in which people use them.

Understanding that technologies are human-based systems counters a presumption that technology can ever be a value-free or value-neutral physical object. You can say your computer is a metal frame and plastic screen, for example, or your car is a steel hull with an engine bolted to it. But most people recognize that those are not very good descriptions of a car or computer. The computer is also the software, the maintenance, the aesthetics, the battery, the knowledge to navigate and manipulate it, and on and on. Those elements all come to us from human decisions about what to design and what is worth paying for. They are, that is, full of human values.

Too often, the GMO Defense genre misses that core tenet to promote a view of GMOs as a neutral technology. Recipient nations should accept them as obviously beneficial. Sure, there were problems in the early years, we read in the Times profile, but readers are asked to believe Monsanto has cleaned those up. GMO advocate and environmental writer Mark Lynas tells readers that seeing a crop [of modified rice] that had such obvious lifesaving potential ruined by anti-GMO activists was the angriest hed ever felt, the suggestion being that resistance meant you were foolish or, worse, anti-modern. Yes, G.M.O.s were [initially] introduced to the public as a corporate product, focused on profit, but they need not be that way still. GMO critics have long argued over the implications of monoculture and the environmental resource draw of the technologywater, Roundup, soil quality, etc.but readers are told we need not worry about those anymore.

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BioMarin and Skyline Therapeutics Announce Strategic Collaboration to Develop Novel Gene Therapies for Cardiovascular Diseases – Yahoo Finance

Posted: at 10:45 am

SAN RAFAEL, Calif. and SHANGHAI, Dec. 16, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. (NASDAQ: BMRN) and Skyline Therapeutics (formerly Geneception), a gene and cell therapy company focused on developing novel treatments for unmet medical needs, today announced a multi-year global strategic collaboration for the discovery, development and commercialization of Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) gene therapies to treat genetic cardiovascular diseases.

BioMarin Pharmaceutical logo (PRNewsfoto/BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.)

The partnership will leverage Skyline Therapeutics' integrated AAV gene therapy platform based on its proprietary vector engineering and design technology and manufacturing capability to develop innovative gene therapies with a focus on genetic dilated cardiomyopathies (DCM), a group of progressively advancing, devastating diseases with no targeted treatment options.

Under the agreement, BioMarin and Skyline Therapeutics will collaborate on discovery and research through to an Investigational New Drug Application (IND). BioMarin brings experience in gene therapy development, cardiovascular biology and insights into genetic basis of diseases, and Skyline contributes its expertise in developing gene therapy products including vector engineering and design technology and manufacturing capabilities to this collaboration. Each company will advance the programs through clinical development in their pre-defined territories.

In support of its R&D efforts for the collaborative projects, Skyline Therapeutics will receive an undisclosed payment associated with signing, comprising an upfront payment and an equity investment from BioMarin, and is eligible to receive pre-specified payments for R&D, regulatory and commercial milestones.

BioMarin will have the rights to commercialize therapeutic products resulting from the collaboration in its territories, including the United States, Europe, and Latin America, and Skyline Therapeutics will be responsible for commercialization in the Asia-Pacific region. In addition, Skyline Therapeutics will be eligible to receive royalty payments on future sales from BioMarin in its territories.

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"We are thrilled to announce what we anticipate will be a fruitful collaboration at the interface between Skyline's innovative approach to AAV vector engineering and design and our team's proven expertise in creating and developing gene therapies," said Kevin Eggan, Group Vice President, Head of Research and Early Development, from BioMarin.

"We are excited to partner with Skyline Therapeutics to tackle these genetic forms of dilated cardiomyopathy. This collaboration strengthens our leadership in cardiac gene therapy and extends our R&D collaboration to Asia, where a large number of patients suffer from these devastating diseases," said Brinda Balakrishnan, Group Vice President, Corporate and Business Development at BioMarin. "We look forward to fostering this collaboration and bringing transformative medicines to patients worldwide."

"Dilated cardiomyopathy is a serious cardiac disorder in which structural or functional abnormalities of the heart muscle can lead to complications such as arrhythmia and heart failure, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. Mutations in many genes are associated with the development of DCM, among other etiologies for the disease," said Jay Hou, Chief Scientific Officer at Skyline Therapeutics. "Together with BioMarin's team we have identified a number of critical genes associated with DCM. We are delighted to work closely with BioMarin and apply our AAV vector technology to interrogate these new targets and develop novel treatments for DCM patients."

"The collaboration with BioMarin leverages both companies' capabilities in the development of gene therapies. With the BioMarin team, we share the goal of working in concert to develop therapies for genetic cardiovascular disease that address high unmet medical needs," said Amber Cai, CEO of Skyline Therapeutics. "Together, we will utilize gene therapy to tackle cardiovascular diseases with a disease modifying trailblazing approach that could change the treatment paradigm in these conditions."

About Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM)

DCM is a common cause of heart failure and end-stage DCM, which often leads to heart transplantation. Despite improvements in pharmacotherapy and care, the five-year survival rate of DCM is only about 50%. Hundreds of thousands of patients suffer from the genetic forms of DCM in U.S., EU, China, and Japan. More than 50 genes associated with DCM have been identified, accounting for 40-50% of familial DCM cases. Many of these genes encode proteins with important known functions in cardiomyocytes related to cytoskeletal, sarcomere and nuclear envelope biology. Our aim is to correct the pathways altered by these genetic contributors to DCM through AAV based gene therapy, in each case addressing the root cause of the disease.

About BioMarin

BioMarin is a global biotechnology company that develops and commercializes innovative therapies for patients with serious and life-threatening rare genetic diseases. The company's portfolio consists of seven commercialized products and multiple clinical and pre-clinical product candidates. For additional information, please visit http://www.biomarin.com. Information on such website is not incorporated by reference into this press release.

About Skyline Therapeutics

Skyline Therapeutics is a fully integrated gene and cell therapy company dedicated to the discovery, development and delivery of innovative therapies. Established in 2019, Skyline Therapeutics has built a proprietary AAV-based gene therapy platform that integrates novel capsid engineering and vector design, analytical and process development, and state-of-the-art GMP manufacturing capabilities that support large scale clinical-grade vector production. The Skyline team of world-class experts and leaders in science, technology and business brings industry-leading know-how and is advancing a pipeline of diversified programs that address multiple diseases including ocular, neurological, metabolic and blood disorders. Skyline Therapeutics is also broadening its therapeutic expertise to cover more disease areas with high unmet need such as cardiovascular disorders through strategic partnerships. Headquartered in China, Skyline Therapeutics currently has research, development and manufacturing capabilities in Shanghai and Hangzhou. http://www.skytx.com

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements about the business prospects of BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., including, without limitation, statements about: expectations related to the multi-year global strategic collaboration with Skyline for the discovery, development and commercialization of AAV gene therapies for dilated cardiomyopathy and pre-specified payments to Skyline for R&D, regulatory and commercial milestones, and the rights to commercialize therapeutic products resulting from the collaboration in its territories, including the United States, Europe, and Latin America. These forward-looking statements are predictions and involve risks and uncertainties such that actual results may differ materially from these statements. Additional important factors to be considered in connection with forward-looking statements are detailed from time to time under the caption "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in BioMarin's Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings, including BioMarin's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, and future filings and reports by BioMarin. BioMarin undertakes no duty or obligation to update any forward-looking statements contained in this press release as a result of new information, future events or changes in its expectations.

BioMarin is a registered trademark of BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.

References

Givertz MM, Mann DL. Epidemiology and natural history of recovery of left ventricular function in recent onset dilated cardiomyopathies. Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2013;10(4):321-330. doi:10.1007/s11897-013-0157-5

Bozkurt B, Colvin M, Cook J, et al. Current Diagnostic and Treatment Strategies for Specific Dilated Cardiomyopathies: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association [published correction appears in Circulation. 2016 Dec 6;134(23 ):e652]. Circulation. 2016;134(23):e579-e646. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000455

Prevalence of rare diseases: Bibliographic data, Orphanet Report Series, Rare Diseases collection, January 2021, Number 1: Diseases listed in alphabetical order. http://www.orpha.net/orphacom/cahiers/docs/GB/Prevalence_of_rare_diseases_by_diseases.pdf

Miura K, Nakagawa H, Morikawa Y, et al. Epidemiology of idiopathic cardiomyopathy in Japan: results from a nationwide survey. Heart. 2002;87(2):126-130. doi:10.1136/heart.87.2.126

Huang GY, Gao H, Meng XG. Epidemiology and etiology of dilated cardiomyopathy. Chinese Journal of Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases. 2009;17(1):42-44.

Jing Zhong, Li-Ping Li, Jian-Feng Zhou and Yong-He Ding (November 5th 2020). Genetic Determinant of Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Genotype-Targeted Therapeutic Strategy, Cardiac Diseases - Novel Aspects of Cardiac Risk, Cardiorenal Pathology and Cardiac Interventions, David C. Gaze and Aleksandar Kibel, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.94434. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/73939

Contacts:

Investors

Media

Traci McCarty

Debra Charlesworth

BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.

BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.

(415) 455-7558

(415) 455-7451

Felisa Feng

Skyline Therapeutics

felisa.feng@skytx.com

Skyline Therapeutics

Cision

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Missing Genetic Switch at the Origin of Malformations During Embryonic Development – SciTechDaily

Posted: at 10:45 am

UNIGE Scientists have discovered how the absence of a genetic switch can lead to malformations during embryonic development.

Embryonic development follows delicate stages: for everything to go well, many genes must coordinate their activity according to a very meticulous scheme and tempo. This precision mechanism sometimes fails, leading to more or less disabling malformations. By studying the Pitx1 gene, one of the genes involved in the construction of the lower limbs, a team from the University of Geneva (UNIGE), in Switzerland, has discovered how a small disturbance in the activation process of this gene is at the origin of clubfoot, a common foot malformation. Indeed, even a fully functional gene cannot act properly without one of its genetic switches. These short DNA sequences provide the signal for the transcription of DNA into RNA, and are essential for this mechanism. And when just one of these switches is missing, the proportion of cells where the gene is active decreases, preventing the lower limbs from being built properly. These results, which can be read in the journal Nature Communications, highlight the hitherto largely underestimated role of genetic switches in developmental disorders.

During embryonic development, hundreds of genes must be precisely activated or repressed for organs to build properly. This control of activity is directed by short DNA sequences that, by binding certain proteins in the cell nucleus, act as true ON/OFF switches. When the switch is turned on, it initiates the transcription of a gene into RNA, which in turn is translated into a protein that can then perform a specific task, explains Guillaume Andrey, professor in the Department of Genetic and Developmental Medicine at the UNIGE Faculty of Medicine, who led this research. Without this, genes would be continuously switched on or off, and therefore unable to act selectively, in the right place and at the right time.

In general, each gene has several switches to ensure that the mechanism is robust. However, could the loss of one of these switches have consequences? This is what we wanted to test here by taking as a model the Pitx1 gene, whose role in the construction of the lower limbs is well known, says Raquel Rouco, a post-doctoral researcher in Guillaume Andreys laboratory and co-first author of this study.

To do this, the scientists modified mouse stem cells using the genetic engineering tool CRISPR-CAS 9, which makes it possible to add or remove specific elements of the genome. Here, we removed one of Pitx1s switches, called Pen, and added a fluorescence marker that allows us to visualize the gene activation, explains Olimpia Bompadre, a doctoral student in the research team and co-first author. These modified cells are then aggregated with mouse embryonic cells for us to study their early stages of development.

Usually, about 90% of cells in future legs activate the Pitx1 gene, while 10% of cells do not. However, when we removed the Pen switch, we found that the proportion of cells that did not activate Pitx1 rose from 10 to 20%, which was enough to modify the construction of the musculoskeletal system and to induce a clubfoot, explains Guillaume Andrey. Indeed, the proportion of inactive cells increased particularly in the immature cells of the lower limbs and in the irregular connective tissue, a tissue that is essential for building the musculoskeletal system.

Beyond the Pitx1 gene and clubfoot, the UNIGE scientists have discovered a general principle whose mechanism could be found in a large number of genes. Flawed genetic switches could thus be at the origin of numerous malformations or developmental diseases. Moreover, a gene does not control the development of a single organ in the body, but is usually involved in the construction of a wide range of organs. A non-lethal malformation, such as clubfoot for example, could be an indicator of disorders elsewhere in the body that, while not immediately visible, could be much more dangerous. If we can accurately interpret the action of each mutation, we could not only read the information in the genome to find the root cause of a malformation, but also predict effects in other organs, which would silently develop, in order to intervene as early as possible, the authors conclude.

Reference: Cell-specific alterations in Pitx1 regulatory landscape 1 activation caused 2 by the loss of a single enhancer by Raquel Rouco, Olimpia Bompadre, Antonella Rauseo, Olivier Fazio, Rodrigue Peraldi, Fabrizio Thorel and Guillaume Andrey, 13 December 2021, Nature Communication.DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27492-1

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Reasonable to hypothesise Covid virus is genetically engineered: Expert – WION

Posted: at 10:45 am

There is a possibility that the COVID-19 virus was "most likely" leaked from a lab in China,British MPs were informed on Thursday.

Harvard scientist Dr Alina Chan, while testifyingbefore the House of Commons Science and Technology Committee, said that it was reasonable to hypothesise and investigate whether the Covid virus was modified in the lab.

The first cases were linked to a seafood market in Wuhan, which is located acrossthe Yangtze riverwhere a virology lab is located.

When asked by the panel about the probability of a lab leak as the origin of the pandemic, Chan said a lab origin is more likely than natural origin at this point.

We all agree that there was a critical event at the Huanan Seafood Market, that was a superspreader event caused by humans. There is no evidence pointing to a natural animal origin of the virus at that market, she noted.

Speaking on the possibility of thevirus being engineered in the lab before a leak, Chan said: "We have heard from many top virologists that a genetically engineered origin of this virus is reasonable...and this includes virologists who themselves have made modifications to the first SARS virus."

On the question of her level of confidence that the world would eventually be able to establish the true origins of COVID-19, Chan said it was simply a matter of time.

"Right now it's not safe for people who know about the origin of this pandemic to come forward. It might be five years from now, it might be 50 years from now, but we live in an era where there's so much data being collected and stored...we just need a credible, systematic investigation," she said.

Also read | Scientists working on Covid origin notice timeline discrepancies; 1st case was a vendor at Wuhan market

"We know now that this virus has a very unique feature, called the furin cleavage site that makes it the pandemic pathogen it is. So, without this feature, there's no way this would be causing this pandemic."

"Only recently in September did a proposal get leaked showing that scientists from the EcoHealth Alliance were in collaboration with the Wuhan Institute of Virology developing this pipeline for inserting novel furin cleavage sites, these genetic modifications, into SARS-like viruses in the lab," Chan said.

According to Tory lord Lord Ridley, who has co-authored a book on the virus's origins with Dr Chan, the fact that experts have still not located the animal host that would support a natural origin despite two years of investigation, supports the notion that COVID-19 emerged from a lab.Recent discoveries of China's attempted cover-up have compelled British and US intelligence agencies to investigate the lab-leak idea seriously, which was previously regarded as a lunatic conspiracy theory.

Watch | Gravitas: Lab leak "most likely" source of Covid-19, British MPs told

The explosive charges, on the other hand, are expected to put pressure on the UK government to question Beijing's assertions that the virus originated in nature.

They're also expected to raise more questions about Chinese President Xi Jinping's connection with the WHO, which was accused last year of issuing a whitewash report on the outbreak.

(With input from agencies)

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New Gene-Writing Tool Helps To Develop Advanced Gene Therapies – Technology Networks

Posted: at 10:45 am

An international, multidisciplinary team of researchers from theTranslational Synthetic Biology Laboratoryat Pompeu Fabra University (Barcelona, Spain), led by Dr.Marc Gell, has published an article in the scientific journalNature Communicationsshowing the potential of Find Cut-and-Transfer (FiCAT) technology as a state-of-the-art tool forgene writingto develop advanced therapies that are safer and more effective in their future clinical application in patients withgenetic and oncological diseasesthat have few treatment options.

The UPF Translational Synthetic Biology Laboratory has been working on gene editing and synthetic biology applied to gene therapies since 2017. FiCAT technology is an important scientific breakthrough to overcome the current limitations of the technology used today for genome editing and gene therapy.

Human genome engineering has significantly progressed in the last decade with the development of new editing tools, but there was still a technology gap that would allow therapeutic genes to be transferred efficiently with few size limitations, comments Dr. Marc Gell, supervisor of the study.

In this work, the researchers develop an efficient and precise programmable gene writing technology based on the combination of modified proteins CRISPR-cas and piggy Bac transposase (PB), succeeding in inserting small and large fragments. Dr.Maria Pallars, co-first author of the study explains that: CRISPR stands out for its precision when editing small fragments. However, transposases allow us to insert large fragments but in an uncontrolled manner. We have combined the best of each technology.

In this way, FiCAT technology allows us to precisely insert large fragments of DNA into the genome. This means we can develop therapeutic solutions to diseases that currently have no treatment, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, or some cases of hereditary blindness, in which the affected gene is large in size, asserts Dr.Avencia Snchez-Mejas, a senior researcher with the group and co-supervisor of the work.

They tested the technology in human and mouse cell lines achieving efficiencies of 522% with minimal off-target insertions and have demonstrated on-target gene transfer in vivo in mouse liver and germline cells in mouse models. Lastly, they performed a directed evolution of FiCAT and further improved efficiency by 25-30%. We have been progressively modifying enzymes so that they acquire the function we were looking for, selecting the ones that displayed a better function, detailsDimitrije Ivani, co-first author of the article. Our work is a clear example that enzyme engineering in the context of genome editing has great potential, he concludes.

UPF has transferred FiCAT technology via the spinoffIntegra Therapeutics, founded in 2020 by the researchers Marc Gell and Avencia Snchez-Mejas, seeking to get this scientific knowledge and technological capacity to reach the biopharmaceutical industry to develop safe and efficient advanced technologies that reach patients. Recently, Integra Tx has obtained 4.5 million euros in funding from Advent France Biotechnology (France), Invivo Capital (Spain) and Takeda Ventures (USA).

The work published in Nature Communications was carried out with funding from the Societal challenges AEI, AGAUR- PRODUCTE, UPGRADE-Horizon 2020 of the European Commission; la Caixa CaixaImpulse Validate and CaixaImpulse Consolidate programmes; the Ramn Areces Foundation; and the Ramn y Cajal programme of the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness.

Reference:Pallars-Masmitj M, Ivani D, Mir-Pedrol J, et al. Find and cut-and-transfer (FiCAT) mammalian genome engineering. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):7071. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27183-x

This article has been republished from the following materials. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source.

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DRUG DISCOVERY PARTNERSHIP ANNOUNCED IN UAE USA – PRNewswire

Posted: at 10:45 am

NEW YORKand DUBAI, United Arab Emirates, Dec. 15, 2021 /PRNewswire/ --Secondcell Bioand Alliance Care Technologies Internationaland announce new strategic partnership using Chromovert Technology to establish a novel, cutting-edge research focused on cell technology and rapid drug discovery to combat rare genetic diseases in the United Arab Emirates.

Chromovert has been extensively validated to streamline a key step of the drug discovery process by a boutique biotechnology company co-founded by its inventor, Dr. Kambiz Shekdar, PhD and the late Nobel-laureate Dr. Gunter Blobel, MD, PhD of The Rockefeller University. The present initiative aims to make revolutionary advancements by scaling-up and applying the demonstrated biotechnology to implement drug discovery at scale, with targets including CNS indications, COVID/Pulmonary Edema (ENaC), orphan and rare diseases and Thalassemia.

In the pharmaceutical drug discovery and development process, Chromovert is a cutting-edge technology that goes beyond CRISPR by enabling the creation of previously out-of-reach designer cells for improved drug discovery. The novel technology was published for the first time in March 2021 by Springer Nature: Cell engineering method using fluorogenic oligonucleotide signaling probes and flow cytometry.Founded by Dr. Shekdar,Secondcell Biobrings optimized materials and methods to operate Chromovert Technology to market.

According to Dr. Shekdar, "Our technology can have a global impact on genetics and cell research, particularly in the area of rare genetic diseases drug discovery. At this stage we want to partner with companies that are positioned to move quickly to advance current research toward finding cures. We are excited at the prospect of joining the healthcare revolution taking place in the UAE and having the opportunity to work with the best researchers from across the globe."

Alliance Care Technologies International CEO Michele Tarnow echoes those sentiments. "We have the privilege to work with the UAE's leading hospitals and research centers. By helping to bring Secondcell Bio and Dr. Shekdar's research to the UAE, we help the Emirates achieve their goal of becoming the leader in global health care by 2030. We are excited to work alongside Dr. Shekdar to bring this cutting-edge research to the UAE."

As part of the expansion into the UAE, a world class Scientific Advisory Board will be appointed to identify and prioritize additional therapeutic indications. Dr. Shekdar notes, "As whole genome sequencing of individuals and analysis by AI increases, additional drug targets will be identified, including for personalized medicine. By strategically locating in the UAE, we enhance data collection in that region and can prioritize drug discovery against new and relevant targets."

Tarnow notes additional advantages to working with Secondcell Bio and Chromovert. "In addition to the promising research advances that can be achieved, the advanced technology used to develop S4, our Syndromic Surveillance solution, has the potential to enhance Secondcell Bio data collection. We are excited to explore ways we can collaborate to improve health care across multiple sectors."

Previously, Chromovert was used to create exceedingly rare laboratory cells that accurately mimic the biology of human pain perception, resulting in the discovery and development of a novel clinical-stage pain blocker fast-tracked by the FDA and presented at The White House as part of Governor Chris Christie's panel on the opioid epidemic. The biotechnology was also the subject of a $100M+ natural flavors discovery engine implemented with The Coca-Cola Company, Kraft Foods and Nestle to create human tastebud-like cells for miniaturized turbo taste testing of natural extracts to discover exquisite natural flavors to cut sodium and sugar in the diet.

Demonstrating the breadth and range of technology, Drs. Shekdar and Blobel also established Research Foundation to Cure AIDS (RFTCA) based upon Chromovert. RFTCA is a U.S. 501(c)3 not-for-profit organization seeking to develop a global cure for AIDS by using Chromovert to increase the efficiency of promising, but stunted, investigational cell therapy strategies to cure HIV infection. Sickle Cell Disease, Thalassemia and certain other diseases also stand to benefit by the addition of Chromovert Technology.

The strategic partnership by ACTI and Secondcell aims to realize the full potential of the technology to discover and develop a pipeline of candidate drugs for diseases with unmet need. Currently, the industry average failure rate for drug discovery programs in pharmaceutical companies is reported to be approximately 98%. One key factor contributing to the high failure rate is the lack of cells that accurately mimic the biology of human disease in the laboratory dish. Chromovert Technology has been demonstrated to permit the rapid creation of laboratory cells that accurately mimic human disease, allowing for the improved discovery of candidate drug molecules with a greater overall likelihood of success.

ACTI and Secondcell Bio invite researchers, entrepreneurs and investors interested in learning more about current research, collaborations or investment opportunities to contact for more information.

About Secondcell Bio and Chromovert Technology

Secondcell Bio is a biotechnology company established to achieve previously inaccessible goals in cell and genetic engineering via dedicated research and commercialization partnerships.

Chromovert Technology enables creation of highly desired but previously out-of-reach cells for improved drug discovery. The technology was invented by Dr. Kambiz Shekdar in the Nobel-Prize winning laboratory of the late Gunter Blobel, MD, PhD, at The Rockefeller University. Materials and methods to operate Chromovert are available for research use only from Secondcell Bio at https://www.secondcellbio.com/.

Link to detailed scientific publication on Chromovert Technology:https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10529-021-03101-5

About Alliance Care Technologies International

Alliance Care Technologies International (ACTI) is driven by a mission to provide global access to quality healthcare. At Alliance Care Technologies International, we believe global health is improved when physicians, patients, researchers and entrepreneurs work together to improve quality and efficiency across the continuum of healthcare.

Alliance Care Technologies International develops and deploys advanced technology and artificial intelligence solutions that solve today's most pressing healthcare challenges. We work with industry leaders to design individualized solutions that enhance the patient experience, streamline administrative processes, manage costs, and ultimately, improve healthcare outcomes.

https://www.alliancecaretech.com/

Link to detailed press on Secondcell Bio: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/secondcell-bio-publishes-biotechnology-for-improved-drug-discovery-originating-from-the-rockefeller-university-301377258.html

Contact InformationSecondcell Bio[emailprotected]

SOURCE Secondcell Bio

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Century Therapeutics Added to the NASDAQ Biotechnology Index – Stockhouse

Posted: at 10:45 am

PHILADELPHIA, Dec. 17, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Century Therapeutics (NASDAQ: IPSC), an innovative biotechnology company developing induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cell therapies in immuno-oncology, today announced it has been selected for addition to the NASDAQ Biotechnology Index (NASDAQ: NBI), effective as of market open on Monday, December 20, 2021.

The NBI is designed to track the performance of a set of securities listed on the NASDAQ Stock Market® (NASDAQ®), made up of NASDAQ-listed companies classified as Biotechnology & Pharmaceuticals by the Industry Classification Benchmark (ICB), and is widely used by investment managers and institutional investors for index funds and as benchmarks for active investment strategies. To be selected for addition to the NBI, a company must have a minimum market capitalization of $200 million; demonstrate an average daily trading volume of at least 100,000 shares; and must be Nasdaq-listed. The index is modified market capitalization-weighted such that constituents are capped at 8% (for the top 5) and at 4% (for the remaining) at each quarterly index rebalance; the entire index is reviewed and reconstituted annually in December.

For more information about the NASDAQ Biotechnology Index visit http://www.nasdaq.com.

About Century Therapeutics

Century Therapeutics, Inc. (NASDAQ: IPSC) is harnessing the power of adult stem cells to develop curative cell therapy products for cancer that we believe will allow us to overcome the limitations of first-generation cell therapies. Our genetically engineered, iPSC-derived iNK and iT cell product candidates are designed to specifically target hematologic and solid tumor cancers. We are leveraging our expertise in cellular reprogramming, genetic engineering, and manufacturing to develop therapies with the potential to overcome many of the challenges inherent to cell therapy and provide a significant advantage over existing cell therapy technologies. We believe our commitment to developing off-the-shelf cell therapies will expand patient access and provide an unparalleled opportunity to advance the course of cancer care. For more information on Century Therapeutics please visit http://www.centurytx.com.

Century Therapeutics Forward-Looking Statement

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of, and made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of, The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements contained in this press release, other than statements of historical facts or statements that relate to present facts or current conditions, including but not limited to, statements regarding our clinical timelines. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as may,” might,” will,” should,” expect,” plan,” aim,” seek,” anticipate,” could,” intend,” target,” project,” contemplate,” believe,” estimate,” predict,” forecast,” potential” or continue” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. The forward-looking statements in this presentation are only predictions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this press release and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified and some of which are beyond our control, including, among others: our ability to successfully advance our current and future product candidates through development activities, preclinical studies, and clinical trials; our reliance on the maintenance of certain key collaborative relationships for the manufacturing and development of our product candidates; the timing, scope and likelihood of regulatory filings and approvals, including final regulatory approval of our product candidates; the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and operations; the performance of third parties in connection with the development of our product candidates, including third parties conducting our future clinical trials as well as third-party suppliers and manufacturers; our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates and develop sales and marketing capabilities, if our product candidates are approved; and our ability to maintain and successfully enforce adequate intellectual property protection. These and other risks and uncertainties are described more fully in the Risk Factors” section of our most recent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and available at http://www.sec.gov. You should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in our forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur, and actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Moreover, we operate in a dynamic industry and economy. New risk factors and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for management to predict all risk factors and uncertainties that we may face. Except as required by applicable law, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein, whether as a result of any new information, future events, changed circumstances or otherwise.

For More Information: Company: Elizabeth Krutoholow investor.relations@centurytx.com Investors: Melissa Forst/Maghan Meyers century@argotpartners.com Media: Joshua R. Mansbach century@argotpartners.com

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Novavax Announces Submission of New Drug Application in Japan for Approval of COVID-19 Vaccine – BioSpace

Posted: at 10:45 am

GAITHERSBURG, Md., Dec. 15, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- Novavax, Inc. (Nasdaq: NVAX), a biotechnology company dedicated to developing and commercializing next-generation vaccines for serious infectious diseases, today announced the submission of a New Drug Application (NDA) to the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) in Japan for its COVID-19 vaccine by its partner Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (Takeda). Novavax' recombinant nanoparticle COVID-19 vaccine with Matrix-M adjuvant, known as TAK-019 in Japan and NVX-CoV2373 outside Japan, is the first protein-based COVID-19 vaccine to be submitted under an NDA in Japan.

With the support of the MHLW, the companies are working to establish the capability to manufacture TAK-019 at Takeda's facilities in Japan and aim to begin distribution in early 2022, pending regulatory approval.

"Today's submission marks further progress in our quest to ensure broad global access to our protein-based COVID-19 vaccine," said Stanley C. Erck, President and Chief Executive Officer of Novavax. "Our partnership with Takeda reflects our shared commitment to tireless collaboration to deliver a COVID-19 vaccine, built on a well-understood vaccine platform."

The NDA submission includes an interim analysis from Takeda's ongoing Phase 1/2 immunogenicity and safety clinical trial of NVX-CoV2373/TAK-019 in Japan, in which the vaccine demonstrated a robust immune response and was well tolerated with no serious adverse events. Takeda submitted all available chemistry, manufacturing and controls (CMC), non-clinical and clinical data as of December 2021. Additional CMC data will be subsequently submitted to the Japan Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) during the NDA review period.

The application also includes safety and efficacy data from Novavax' two pivotal Phase 3 trials: PREVENT-19, which included 30,000 participants in the U.S. and Mexico and demonstrated 100% protection against moderate and severe disease, 93.2% efficacy against the predominantly circulating variants of concern and variants of interest, and 90.4% efficacy overall; and a trial of 15,000 participants in the U.K. that demonstrated efficacy of 96.4% against the original virus strain, 86.3% against the Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant and 89.7% efficacy overall. In both trials, NVX-CoV2373 demonstrated a reassuring safety and tolerability profile.

In addition to the submission of the NDA to MHLW in Japan, Novavax and Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd. (SII) recently received Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for the vaccine in Indonesia and the Philippines, and the companies have filed for EUA in India and for Emergency Use Listing (EUL) with the World Health Organization (WHO). Novavax also announced regulatory filings for its vaccine in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, and the European Union and with the WHO. Additionally, Novavax and SK bioscience announced a Biologics License Application (BLA) submission to MFDS in South Korea. Novavax expects to submit its complete CMC data package to the U.S. FDA by the end of the year.

About NVX-CoV2373NVX-CoV2373 is a protein-based vaccine candidate engineered from the genetic sequence of the first strain of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 disease. NVX-CoV2373 was created using Novavax' recombinant nanoparticle technology to generate antigen derived from the coronavirus spike (S) protein and is formulated with Novavax' patented saponin-based Matrix-M adjuvant to enhance the immune response and stimulate high levels of neutralizing antibodies. NVX-CoV2373 contains purified protein antigen and can neither replicate, nor can it cause COVID-19.

Novavax' COVID-19 vaccine is packaged as a ready-to-use liquid formulation in a vial containing ten doses. The vaccination regimen calls for two 0.5 ml doses (5 mcg antigen and 50 mcg Matrix-M adjuvant) given intramuscularly 21 days apart. The vaccine is stored at 2- 8 Celsius, enabling the use of existing vaccine supply and cold chain channels.

About Matrix-M AdjuvantNovavax' patented saponin-based Matrix-M adjuvant has demonstrated a potent and well-tolerated effect by stimulating the entry of antigen-presenting cells into the injection site and enhancing antigen presentation in local lymph nodes, boosting immune response.

About NovavaxNovavax, Inc. (Nasdaq: NVAX) is a biotechnology company that promotes improved health globally through the discovery, development and commercialization of innovative vaccines to prevent serious infectious diseases. The company's proprietary recombinant technology platform harnesses the power and speed of genetic engineering to efficiently produce highly immunogenic nanoparticles designed to address urgent global health needs. NVX-CoV2373, the company's COVID-19 vaccine, received Emergency Use Authorization in Indonesia and the Philippines and has been submitted for regulatory authorization in multiple markets globally. NanoFlu, the company's quadrivalent influenza nanoparticle vaccine, met all primary objectives in its pivotal Phase 3 clinical trial in older adults. Novavax is currently evaluating a COVID-NanoFlu combination vaccine in a Phase 1/2 clinical trial, which combines the company's NVX-CoV2373 and NanoFlu vaccine candidates. These vaccine candidates incorporate Novavax' proprietary saponin-based Matrix-M adjuvant to enhance the immune response and stimulate high levels of neutralizing antibodies.

For more information, visit http://www.novavax.com and connect with us on Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram and Facebook.

Forward-Looking StatementsStatements herein relating to the future of Novavax, its operating plans and prospects, its partnerships, the ongoing development of NVX-CoV2373, the scope, timing and outcome of future regulatory filings and actions, the capability to manufacture TAK-019 at Takeda's facilities in Japan and aim to begin distribution in early 2022, Novavax' quest to ensure broad global access of its protein-based COVID-19 vaccine, Novavax' plans to deliver a COVID-19 vaccine to people around the globe, Novavax' plan to supplement the CMC data submitted to the PMDA with additional CMC data, and Novavax' plans to submit a complete CMC data package to the U.S. FDA by the end of the year are forward-looking statements. Novavax cautions that these forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such statements. These risks and uncertainties include challenges satisfying, alone or together with partners, various safety, efficacy, and product characterization requirements, including those related to process qualification and assay validation, necessary to satisfy applicable regulatory authorities; difficulty obtaining scarce raw materials and supplies; resource constraints, including human capital and manufacturing capacity, on the ability of Novavax to pursue planned regulatory pathways; challenges meeting contractual requirements under agreements with multiple commercial, governmental, and other entities; and those other risk factors identified in the "Risk Factors" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" sections of Novavax' Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 and subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). We caution investors not to place considerable reliance on forward-looking statements contained in this press release. You are encouraged to read our filings with the SEC, available at http://www.sec.gov and http://www.novavax.com, for a discussion of these and other risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements in this press release speak only as of the date of this document, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any of the statements. Our business is subject to substantial risks and uncertainties, including those referenced above. Investors, potential investors, and others should give careful consideration to these risks and uncertainties.

Contacts:

InvestorsNovavax, Inc.Erika Schultz | 240-268-2022ir@novavax.com

Solebury TroutAlexandra Roy | 617-221-9197aroy@soleburytrout.com

MediaAlison Chartan | 240-720-7804Laura Keenan Lindsey | 202-709-7521media@novavax.com

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SOURCE Novavax, Inc.

Company Codes: NASDAQ-NMS:NVAX

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