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Category Archives: Transhuman News

The Army is finally getting its futuristic heads-up display into more soldiers hands this year – Task & Purpose

Posted: January 30, 2022 at 12:07 am

Welcome toWhats Next In War, a special issue where Task & Purpose breaks down whats on the horizon for the U.S. military.

Despite a year-long delay and reports that the Army still has more work to do to perfect its newest futuristic goggles, some lucky soldiers can expect to get their hands on them this year.

The Integrated Visual Augmentation System (IVAS) is expected to undergo more testing in May, according to Courtney Bacon, a spokeswoman for Program Executive Office Soldier. Bacon said that the IVAS is still on track to be fielded to its first unit by the end of the fiscal year, which ends in September.

The IVAS system, based on Microsofts existing HoloLens 2 technology, has been tested by soldiers since 2019. It has been a top priority for service leaders as the Army worked to modernize the force; in 2019, former Army Secretary Ryan McCarthy called it a signature priority in the Armys budget.

The system will provide troops with augmented reality a technology that overlays digital information onto the screen soldiers are looking through while wearing the goggles for training and on-the-spot language translations; high-resolution night and thermal sensors; facial recognition software; and the ability to see what a location or objective looks like before they get there. It will even give soldiers the ability to see outside of a vehicle before they exit, providing greater awareness of what theyre walking into.

Theres always a line between the squads and the tracks, and having this equipment is going to help tie them in so the dismounts in the back can see the actual optics of the vehicle itself and then they can seamlessly work with the crew because everyone can see around the vehicle without actually having to step outside of it, said Army Sgt. John Martin, a Bradley master gunner who tested out the goggles last February. It has countless uses like land navigation, being able to track things while on the battlefield, moving through urban complexes, moving through open terrain, its insane.

And aside from the system itself, the way it was tested was new for the Army actually giving soldiers the ability to try out the equipment theyll be using as its developed was a novel, albeit common-sense concept brought into practice by Army Future Command.

But a recent report by Bloomberg said the heads-up display was found to have not yet demonstrated the capability to serve as a fighting goggle. The Army and Microsoft, who are developing the goggles, need to improve display quality and reliability, Jessica Maxwell, a spokeswoman for the Pentagons Operational Test and Evaluation office, told Bloomberg. More information about what work was still to be done came on Thursday with the release of the annual Operational Test & Evaluation report, which said the Army needed to continue to mitigate deficiencies and complete a battery and power management plan to determine how soldiers will charge batteries in order to complete a 72-hour mission scenario.

The latest developments follow a years-long process which ran into issues almost immediately. Upon the announcement that Microsoft would be working with the Army to develop the goggles in 2018, over 200 Microsoft employees wrote an open letter to company leadership demanding that the contract be dropped.

We are alarmed that Microsoft is working to provide weapons technology to the US Military, helping one countrys government increase lethality using tools we built, the letter said, according to The Verge. We did not sign up to develop weapons, and we demand a say in how our work is used.

In response to the open letter, McCarthy told CNBC that he appreciated the employees concerns but these are the same men and women that are protecting their freedoms so they can develop this technology, And last March, Microsoft was awarded a contract for almost $22 billion to begin producing the IVAS.

While the IVAS was originally supposed to be fielded to soldiers last year, PEO Soldier confirmed in October that it was being delayed to give the development team time to enhance the IVAS technology platform and make it the best it can be for the soldiers wearing it.

The system has also raised concerns in Congress. Last year, lawmakers demanded that a portion of the programs funding be withheld until the Army could provide more answers about its development and delays.

But despite the back-and-forth, the IVAS cant come soon enough for the soldiers who will use it. The system was most recently tested by a Ranger battalion who put it through its paces, using it for land navigation, rapid target acquisition, and mission exercises.

Sgt. 1st Class Brian Hayman, a platoon sergeant in 3rd Battalion, 75th Ranger Regiment, said in an Army release that the IVAS essentially erases human error during land navigation. It saves time by cutting out the need to look at a compass or check a map because the compass is on the inside of the goggles.

You never have to stop to do a map check or anything like that because, with just the push of a button, you have an arrow thats in the bottom of your screen and you walk the arrow to your point, so theres no accidentally drifting left or right, he said.

Staff Sgt. Jake Croxdale, a squad leader in the battalion, echoed the same. Having the ability to access a map by hitting just one button instead of having to stop and look at a compass, map, or phone, allowed me not to stop as much as I normally would, and ultimately execute faster.

Another key component the Rangers pointed out was the ability to see where everyone on your team is on the digital map in the goggles. 1st Lt. Luke Huen said being able to see where everyones located on the battlefield at any given point in time is by far the best feature.

Ultimately, Hayman admitted that the thought process behind the IVAS is incredible.

It blows my mind that were in a day and age where the system even exists, he said.

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Artist populates USSR with aliens, mythical creatures, and futuristic vehicles (PHOTOS) – Russia Beyond

Posted: at 12:07 am

The captivating art of Andrey Tkachenko creates an original universe that is gaining traction with fans from all corners of the world.

The USSR of artist Andrey Tkachenko is different from what it was in reality. In the artists version of the Soviet reality, the country was populated with aliens and mythical creatures, while Soviet people were utilizing robots and futuristic vehicles in daily life.

At the same time, subtle details of everyday life in the USSR familiar to many people who witnessed the epoch find their way into the artists paintings.

The end result is a curious mix of sci-fi and Soviet entourage, which captivated the attention of Tkachenkos fans and social media followers.

Using his Instagram page, website and print materials, Tkachenko creates what he calls a Parallel USSR, a country that has never existed, but which is no less fascinating as a result.

It is my fantasy. I was a kid growing up at the time. For me, the USSR is not a political system. Instead, its warm memories from my childhood. I remember vehicles and the people who surrounded me and I use these memories to create paintings today, Tkachenko says.

The artist works full-time as an industrial designer. In his spare time, he indulges in fantasies featuring aliens, mythical creatures, and sci-fi vehicles.

Tkachenkos art seems to have no boundaries: there are mobile Russian folk huts moving on tank tracks, biomechanical creatures escaping from secret Soviet laboratories, robots living in the Russian countryside, Goliath in Siberia, Baba Yagas hut running on gasoline and mermaids casually observing flying saucers, to name a few.

I really like the novels of Arkady and Boris Strugatsky and other Soviet science fiction. My drawings reflect this passion. I write background stories for my pictures myself. Sometimes I have an image or a story in my head and then I transfer it on paper in the form of a drawing, Tkachenko says.

The artist dreams of getting into the filmmaking industry and applying his talent there. Tkachenko already has experience working for a Hollywood film studio.

I was chosen to be a car designer in the animated movie Fast & Furious: Spy Racers by DreamWorks Animation Television, based on the Fast & Furious franchise, the designer says.

Yet, his ambitions seem to be bigger. I would like to work with [Russian film director] Fyodor Bondarchuk, because he has had experience with movies based on Strugatskys work. I am open to all offers, Tkachenko says.

The prospect of getting into filmmaking might not be too distant for the artist, who is just as popular in Russia, as he is abroad. Tkachenko explains this by fresh ideas underpinning his world of the parallel USSR.

As one foreign fan told me, this is something new. If you take the plots of Hollywood movies, they are sort of set in stone, everything is clear. There are clichs that go from a movie to a movie. The parallel USSR is something new [for a foreign audience]: its a new time and a new country for them, which I portray in a new light, the artist concludes.

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From smart loos to futuristic blinds the home tech that can save cash and the planet… – The Sun

Posted: at 12:07 am

HOMES where robots do chores were a sci-fi vision in US cartoon The Jetsons in the Eighties. But smart homes are now a reality, less crazy-looking, and can save both money and the environment.

Theres an outlay for kit but often you more than recoup it and, from day one, you cut CO2 and plastic waste. A smart thermostat turns off heating if youre out, a smart washing machine uses just the right amount of water and LED lights are a bright idea, using a fraction of the power normal bulbs do.

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There are smart blinds, ovens and even loos too. Here are some of the options.

Aqualisa Quartz Classic, from 714,wolseley.co.uk: You know how it is... youre waiting for the shower to warm up to just how you like it, leaning in to test the water for ages. With this shower, LED lights show when it reaches your individual setting (no more getting scalded when you shower after someone else).

In some systems, a proximity sensor reduces the flow when you move away from the shower an instant water saving. And it works with Google Assistant and Amazon Alexa, so you can control everything simply with your voice.

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Washloo Supreme, 1,995,washloo.co.uk: This toilet is genius. It has a heated seat, night light, will wash and dry your bum and even deodorise the loo.

This eliminates the need for loo roll saving money and the environment.

Too pricey? The Washloo Classic, on sale for 399, does all this and bolts on to your existing toilet.

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Boxt boiler, from 1,520,boxt.co.uk: On average, a new boiler will save around 300 per year at current gas prices.

Boxts website is very smart, giving you a fixed price as soon as you answer a few questions.

Choose from Baxi, Vaillant, Ideal and Worcester Bosch.

Then, you can add smart accessories such as thermostats and smoke alarms and theyll fit them for free while the boiler is installed.

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Quooker tap, from 1,150,quooker.co.uk: This is an expensive tap at first.

But as well as hot and cold water, it will give you boiling water instantly and more efficiently than kettles. Quooker reckons it costs just 4p a day to run.

Add an accessory called a Cube (1,150) and you can get sparkling and chilled water from the tap, too.

This will save money in the long run and helps the environment by reducing the amount of plastic bottles being used.

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Bosch Home Connect Serie 6 Washing Machine, 699, John Lewis: Control this from anywhere, via the app on your phone. Enter the type of laundry and soil level and it uses just the right amount of detergent and water.

Bosch Home Connect is also in ovens, hobs and fridges which you can control with your voice.

Thats great for turning the fridge down to save money while youre away or making sure the hob is definitely off.

Dinner in the oven but youre delayed coming home? Alexa can pause the oven for you - lowering the temperature until youre ready so your meal isnt ruined.

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Tado smart thermostat, from 199.99,uk.shop.tado.com: If nobodys home, this thermostat knows and reminds you to adjust the heating.

If you open a window, it knows youre too hot and turns the heating down.

It also sends you energy savings reports so you know youre spending less cash.

And, with the right smart speaker or app, you can control it with your voice.

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Duette smart blinds, prices vary, duette.co.uk: Duettes blinds can be battery-powered, so there is no fiddly wiring. And there is voice control say Alexa, Good Morning and theyll open.

Duettes honeycomb design keeps heat in better than regular blinds or curtains. They reduce heat loss by up to 46 per cent. In the winter, this cuts heating bills by up to 12 per cent.

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Philips Hue, from 69.99,philips-hue.com: Philips Hue is the leader in smart lighting and it shows.

Choose from white bulbs or those with literally millions of colours. You can control the lights from a smartphone or with your voice.

The starter kit includes a bridge that connects to your broadband and means you can turn the lights on whether you are at home or not. LED bulbs save a lot of energy, too up to 80 per cent less electricity.

SAY WHAT YOU MEAN

Though some of the smart appliances here have physical controls, such as the Quooker tap, others work when you talk to them.

If you have an Amazon device, such as the Echo Show 15 which works as a smart home hub, you can simply say Alexa, turn the heating up and the appropriate smart device will respond.

In most cases, the same will work with Google Assistant (say, Hey, Google...) and with Apples Siri virtual assistant (Hey, Siri).

Much easier than flipping switches.

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Giant ants, mutants and futuristic utopias: SYFY Movie Nights returns with three films from the 1950s – Moab Sun News

Posted: at 12:07 am

The elements of this years three SYFY Movie Nights films include giant ants, mutants and the consequences of communicating with Marseach film is from the 1950s, and in addition to the classic sci-fi plotlines, the movies are tied together through a theme of nuclear war.

The series is hosted by Richard Codd and Nora Shepard, who first got the idea in 2020. The couple is passionate about science-fiction moviesparticularly classicsand thought itd be fun to have free town movie nights devoted to the genre. They partnered with the Moab Arts and Recreation Center and the Moab to Monument Valley Film Commission to put on the series.

Codd and Shepard decided the theme should be nuclear war and its unavoidable, disastrous consequences, which drew them to films from the 50s.

Back in the 1950s, during the Cold War, there was so much emphasis in thinking about nuclear weapons and nuclear war, Codd said. I remember as a kid, practicing drills for if we were under nuclear attack, we would run down into the basement of the school.

Codd and Shepard picked out three movies to screen.

The series will kick off with the giant ant saga Them! (1954) on Friday, February 4. The movie follows investigator Ben Peterson, FBI agent Robert Graham, and scientist Dr. Harold Medford as they look into a series of mysterious deathsand find that the incidents are all due to giant ants that have been mutated by atomic radiation. The film is considered both science-fiction and horror, and is well received: on Rotten Tomatoes, it scores a 93% on the tomatometer, a measurement of positive recommendations.

The following Friday movie lovers can watch the 1956 film World Without End, in which a group of astronauts returning to Earth are caught in a time warp and propelled into a post-apocalyptic earth in the year 2508. But the planet isnt how they left it: its populated by atomic radiation mutants, both monsters and humans. The film is science-fiction but also has moments of romance, as some of the humans arent mutated.

To round out the series, Red Planet Mars (1952) will screen on Friday, February 18. The film follows the story of an American scientist who makes contact with Mars after suspecting the planet is home to intelligent life. He makes contact and learns that the intelligent life forces on Mars claim that the planet is a utopia, as they are technologically advanced and have eliminated scarcity. The life forces of Mars inform earth that the people of earth can become a utopia if they return to the worship of God. This has devastating effects on Earth, causing political and religious schisms.

Were hoping COVID is under enough control that we can get local folks out again for a fun evening, Codd said. In February in Moab, its a quiet time, people are looking for something to do. And we just thought this would be a fun event.

The movies will be screened at the Moab Arts and Recreation Center (111 E. 100 North). Doors open at 6 p.m., movies begin at 6:30. Costumes are encouraged, and there will be door prizes, along with a few other surprises, Codd said.

Last time we did SYFY Movie Nights we had an alien show up, said Bega Metzner, film commissioner at the Moab to Monument Valley Film Commission. Who or what will make an appearance this year?

Metzner said shes excited to partner with Codd again to bring another round of three classic, awesome and hilarious sci-fi films to the community.

Here on our very own Red Planet Mars on a World Without End, you might just be lucky enough to encounter Them! she said.

There are a few health and safety protocols: masks are required, and capacity is capped at 40 people. To reserve tickets, go to http://www.moabarts.org. Tickets are free.

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Pocket TDS Testers Market Updated Development Data, Key Futuristic Trends by Product and Application| Key Players -Hanna Instruments, Milwaukee…

Posted: at 12:07 am

The Pocket TDS Testers Market Report is a perfect foundation for people looking for a comprehensive study and analysis of the Pocket TDS Testers market. This report contains various studies and information to help you understand your niche and focus on key marketing channels in the regional and global Pocket TDS Testers market. To understand the competition and take action based on their most important strengths, market size, current and future years demand, information about the supply chain, business problems, competition analysis and pricing and that the suppliers information will be presented to you. The report also contains information on the major market players, Pocket TDS Testers applications, their type, trends and overall market share.

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6 Product Commodity of Pocket TDS Testers Market in Major Countries

7 North America Pocket TDS Testers Landscape Analysis

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Indonesia Is Switching Capital Cities Because the Old One Is Sinking Into the Ocean – Futurism

Posted: at 12:04 am

Jakarta, Indonesias biggest city, has been free of Dutch rule for about 70 years but the lasting effects of colonialism are far from over.

Case in point, the city is sinking into the surrounding Java Sea because many of the citys 10 million people have noaccess to piped water and must rely on wells to suck up drinkable groundwater.

The flooding, pollution, sinking earth and congestion have gotten so catastrophic,in fact, that the country is switching capital cities altogether. Yes, seriously: the government is packing up and moving the countrys capital to the island of Borneo, according to the Associated Press.

But the move is unlikely to help poor residents who are still suffering from the chaos of environmental disaster, financial ruin, and the side effects of colonization ever since the Netherlands built a purposefully segregated city in the 1600s.

The construction of the new capital city is not merely a physical move of government offices, President Joko Widodo told AP. The main goal is to build a smart new city, a new city that is competitive at the global level, to build a new locomotive for the transformation toward an Indonesia based on innovation and technology based on a green economy.

It sounds great in theory, but according to the AP, current plans are for about 8,000 civil servants to have moved to the new capital by 2024. The whole relocation process is scheduled to be completed by 2045, but thats only five years ahead of 2050, when an entire third of Jakarta could be submerged, and its not really clear how everyday residents who arent civil servants are expected to make the move or what will happen to people who cant relocate.

In addition, the new location in Borneo isnt ideal considering the wide variety of flora and fauna nearby. APreports that Borneos East Kalimantan province is home to orangutans, leopards and a wide array of other wildlife.

The new capital citys strategic environmental study shows that there are at least three basic problems, Dwi Sawung, an official with the Indonesian Forum for Environment, or WALHI, told the wire service. There are threats to water systems and risks of climate change, threats to flora and fauna, and threats of pollution and environmental damage.

Stuck between a rock and a hard place aka staying in a doomed city or moving to an imperfect new one Indonesia once again reminds us that just because a country has independence doesnt mean its free of a grim history.

More on climate change: The Doomsday Glacier is Irreversibly Melting, Researchers Say

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Apple CEO Menaced by Armed Stalker Who Thinks She’s His Wife – Futurism

Posted: at 12:04 am

Apples CEO has taken out a restraining order against a stalker who he says keeps emailing him photos of loaded guns and creeping around outsidehis house.

AsThe Mercury News reports, a Virginia woman has spent the past year menacing Apple CEO Tim Cook, escalating from sending him photos of a loaded gun and bizarre roommate applications to driving cross-country in a Porsche to stalk his Palo Alto home all of which led a judge to grant him a wide-ranging restraining order against the woman, which bars her from owning firearms, entering Apple premises, speaking to Apple employees, or going to Cooks house.

It gets weirder: according to the report, the woman believes she is the CEOs wife and mother to his children, and uses the last name Cook on Twitter. Cook, it bears mentioning, is gay and has been out about that since 2014.

The womans obsessive behavior towards the Apple CEO appears to have begun in the fall of 2020, the report noted, when Cook noticed her tagging him on Twitter. On Halloween of that year, she tweeted continuously about the relationships she claims they had, and thereafter began escalating and becoming threatening and highly disturbing, Cooks application for a restraining orderreads.

In one of her more than 200 emails, the woman reportedly said that she was almost done waiting to have a sexual relationship with Cook, Mercury News added.

Alongside Cook, the 45-year-old womans Twitter which Futurism has reviewed but will not link to protect the woman, who may well be struggling with mental health issues also mentions Google CEO Sundar Pichai and Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella in a threatening manner.

In her applications to be Cooks roommate, according to Mercury News report, the woman listed corporations shes registered in Virginia, California, and New York that all have highly offensive names and boast Cook as an executive. After sending the roommate applications, she then reportedly drove cross-country in a Porsche Macan SUV in October 2021 and tried to enter his building, only to wait around for him outside after being rebuffed by security. Thereafter, she fled but was found by police and arrested, and allegedly told officers that she could get violent when she was in custody.

After her Palo Alto arrest, the woman continued to escalate further, the report noted, demanding hundreds of millions of dollars from Cook, tweeting violent things about him, and demanding him to move. According to the CEOs since-granted restraining order application, the womans continued presence in the South Bay makes her more dangerous.

Though this isnt Cooks first stalker or even the first to show up at his house, this series of behavior is uniquely bizarre and freaky, even by the standards of Apple obsessives.

When tech CEOs become celebrities, they seem to get all the same treatment granted to movie stars right down to the stalkers.

READ MORE:Apple CEO Tim Cook targeted by possibly armed stalker who came to his home and is still in the area, company alleges [The Mercury News]

More on stalkers:Elon Musk Says People Stalking His Location Has Become a Security Issue

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New Window on ISS Offers Incredible View of Space Station Exterior – Futurism

Posted: at 12:04 am

You've never seen the ISS like this before. Awesome Angle

Despite having been launched over two decades ago, the International Space Station (ISS) still has plenty of surprises in store for us.

For instance, check out this stunning new photo showcasing a unique angle of the ISS, taken from the stations newest module.

The image was shared by NASA astronaut and current ISS crew member Thomas Marshburn on Twitter on Sunday.

Thats me in the Cupola, taking in the sights of our spectacular planet, he wrote in the caption.

While Marshburn didnt specify which Russian module he meant, hes likely referring to the Prichal module, which docked with the ISS in November 2021. The module is connected to the Nauka module and will soon allow more spacecraft to dock to the stations Russian segment.

The Nauka module made headlines last year after a series of near-disastrous mishaps resulted in the ISS spinning out of control on more than one occasion. Russia denied astronauts were ever in any serious danger, despite evidence to the contrary.

The country is hoping to establish its own space station in the near future, with Nauka and Prichal rumored to act as the foundational pieces. So until then, lets take in the stunning views while we still can.

More on ISS: Will Archeologists Learn Anything Useful In New Space Station Dig?

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Feds Investigating Why Escaped Lab Monkeys Were Shot to Death – Futurism

Posted: at 12:04 am

Image by Getty Images/Futurism

The USDA is looking into why the three crab-eating macaques who escaped after a traffic accident in Pennsylvania were shot by state police.

Theres still a lot that we dont know about the saga. The monkeys had just arrived in the US from the African island of Mauritius and were destined for a secured facility to await their routine 30-day quarantine.

Over the weekend, the beloved trio of outlaws escaped in Danville, Pennsylvania after a trailer carrying them and 97 of their comrades who are all thankfully still alive and accounted for crashed into another vehicle on the I-80.

After the story went viral, news broke that they had been recaptured and euthanized though initially, it wasnt clear that they had been shot.

Then PETA lodged a complaint, which PennLive acquired, against the state police who seemingly shot the monkeys either during or after their recapture. In the complaint, Alka Chandna, PETAs vice president of laboratory investigations cases, alleged that the shooting may constitute a violation of the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) or other regulations meant to protect animals.

According to the USDAs website, the agency generally enforces AWA violations against facilities that have had repeat complaints, but this case may qualify as high-priority since it involves animal suffering (death or severe injury) and potential public or animal safety or health concerns.

The drama surrounding the case thickened when tabloids claimed that awoman who came in contact with one of the escaped macaques had become sick.

But then the woman admitted that she wasnt actually sick, telling Danvilles The Daily Item newspaper that she is doing just fine, and was given antibiotics and rabies shots as precautionary measures.

That hasnt stopped the rumor mill from churning, however,with conspiracy theorists claiming the monkeys were being quarantined after deliberately being infected with viruses.

Everything about this story from the not-so-gentle euthanizing of the macaques to it being used as conspiracy fodder is a tragedy, and reveals just how easy it is for facts to get misconstrued in an information vacuum.

READ MORE:USDA to look into treatment of lab monkeys at Pa. crash site [PennLive]

And some fun animal news:Scientist Who Trained Rats to Play Doom II Says He May Start Twitch Channel

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Ulysses and the international avant-garde of Trieste, Zurich, Paris – The Irish Times

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when it was first published 100 years ago, it seemed obscure and anomalous. Catherine Flynnexplores the EUROPEAN origins of the 20th centurys most important novel

In writing Ulysses, Joyce took great care to represent as accurately as possible the Dublin of June 16th, 1904, consulting maps and street directories, timing routes, and writing letters to friends and family to check minute local details. Why then is the novel so strange? Why does it present its world in so challenging a manner? Seen among the English-language novels of its day, Ulysses looks obscure and anomalous. Yet read in the context of contemporaneous European artistic experimentation, it comes into focus.

This monster novel, as Joyce himself called it, responds to the Italian, Swiss, and French avant-garde movements that he encountered while writing Ulysses in three cities whose importance he signals in the final words of Ulysses: 1914-1921 Trieste-Zurich-Paris. In those cities, Futurist, Dada, and Surrealist artists used iconoclastic practices to rebel against aesthetic, social and political norms.

These artists manifested a joyful independence lacking in one of Joyces main characters, the young would-be artist Stephen Dedalus, who bemoans his servitude to the imperial British state and the holy Roman catholic and apostolic church, and a third, unspecified master, who wants me for odd jobs, which we might understand as the cause of Irish identity and independence.

Early 20th-century European avant-garde artists invented new means to resist the pressures of empire and of national identity, to counter the weight of the historical past and the violence of war, and to give voice to the transformative energies of their moment. Their non-conformity, irreverence, and experimentalism helped Joyce to conceive of a novel that was free.

Joyce left Dublin with Nora Barnacle in 1904 and, following a position for Joyce as an English teacher, the couple settled in Trieste. A major harbour of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Trieste was a cosmopolitan city, whose blending of races and ethnicities, including Italians, Slavs and Germans, with a strong Jewish contingent, formed a lasting influence on Joyce. Our Beautiful Tinderbox Filippo Tommaso Marinetti called the city, although its multiculturalism was in stark contrast to the imperialist nationalism he promoted through the Futurist movement he launched in 1909.

Marinetti declared Trieste one of the three capitals of Futurism, along with Milan and Paris. He staged a highly controversial event in a theatre there in 1910, at which he read a manifesto celebrating youth, patriotism, and violent gestures, calling for the incineration of libraries and the demolition of museums. This characteristic Futurist aggression towards the past was met with protests from the audience. Joyce may even have been present at the event but, in any case, he certainly knew about it: several of his friends were in the audience, the newspapers covered it widely, and the city was blanketed in advance with promotional material.

One of Futurisms most influential gestures was the subversive orthography of its publications: Marinettis strategy of parole in libert, words in freedom, abandoned punctuation and released words from linear sequence, mixing font types and sizes. What might seem normal to hipster menus today was at the turn of the 20th century a means of vividly evoking the simultaneous and discordant stimuli of the modern city, the dynamism of modern technologies of transport, communication and warfare. We can link to Futurist orthography the graphic liberties Joyce takes in Ulysses, such as the cheeky headlines of Aeolus, the intrusive musical notation of Sirens, and the excessively large full stop of Ithaca.

We know that Joyce engaged with the principles of Futurism in Ulysses. He asked his brother Stanislaus if he found the Cyclops episode Futurist, suggesting that its belligerent hyper-nationalist character, the citizen, is an embodiment of Marinettis political ethos. In contrast to the Futurists masculinism, Ulysses features a sensitive male central character. The episode opposes Leopold Blooms gentle insistence on tolerance and compassion to the citizens aggression towards any non-Irish ethnicity.

Joyce responds in the episode to the Futurist cultural ethos of tabula rasa by showcasing the culture of the past even while subverting it. The escalating encounter between Bloom and the citizen is interspersed with comic passages that parody Irish antiquarianism and mythology, suggesting that freedom from the past can be achieved without its obliteration.

The Futurist call for destruction was a creative artistic principle, a dynamising gesture that injected vigour and novelty into the international artistic scene. It established an avant-garde discourse that centred on radical disruption of the status quo and on dismantling artistic culture that was separate from everyday life.

This attitude took on increased relevance with the outbreak of the first World War, when an international group of artists sheltering from the war in neutral Zurich held a series of cacophonous soires. Hugo Ball, the instigator of the soires, wrote: The activity and interests of those involved in the cabaret clearly show that it is aimed at the few independent thinkers whose ideals extend beyond the war and their native lands.

The Dadaists attacked not only national identity but also sense itself. Understanding rational discourse as complicit in the slaughter of the war, they practised a mode of live performance that assaulted their audiences with multiple genres, languages and voices. In contrast to Futurisms clear principles, Dada refused any guiding idea. Dada, yes yes in Romanian and hobby horse in French, meant nothing, Ball asserted.

Joyce, a British subject on enemy territory when the war broke out, moved with his family to Zurich in 1914. They lived close to theatre at Speigelgasse 1 where the Cabaret Voltaire began in 1916 but the Dada movement, like Futurism, was impossible to ignore. As Dada artists used found materials in performances and collages, Joyce recast in Ulysses the physical details and ephemera of June 16th, 1904. Whereas Dadas emphasis on spontaneity and chance differs fundamentally from his painstaking writing and rewriting, the intended effect of Dadas barrage of words resembles the effect of the Ulyssean multiplicity of references.

In contrast to the transmission of received sense, Dada aimed to foster independent and creative audience members. Tristan Tzara understood the movements poetry as: letting each listener make links with appropriate associations. He retains the elements characteristic of his personality, mixes them, the fragments etc., remaining at the same time in the direction the author has channelled.

While every sentence of Ulysses calls for readers to make associations, at the larger scale, the novels changing form makes even more insistent demands. We can see this unprecedented narrative shape-shifting as licensed by the wild juxtapositions of the Dada little magazines which combine manifestos, poems, visual and verbal experiments, theoretical statements, collages, reproductions of artworks, slogans, automatic writing and popular art. These rebellious liberties taken during the turmoil of the first World War lent energy to Joyces reconception in Ulysses of Homers Odyssey, the story of Odysseuss homeward wanderings after the Trojan War.

His monster novel combines an astonishing array of narrative techniques: a new initial style that combines interior monologue and third-person narrative; interruptive headlines; musical notation; disjointed impersonal narratives; musical prose; parodies of literary English; a hallucinatory playscript; a wandering assemblage of misnomers, malapropisms and cliches; a scientific catechism; and an unpunctuated transcription of night-time thoughts.

After the war ended, Trieste was no longer affordable for the Joyces and Pariss favourable exchange rate attracted them as it had scores of artists. The city was not new to Joyce; he had moved there in 1902, ostensibly to study medicine but drawn by the works of 19th century avant-garde writers such as Charles Baudelaire, Grard de Nerval, and Arthur Rimbaud. Returning to Paris almost 20 years later, he moved into a new phase. Throughout the composition of Ulysses, Joyce melded multiple influences with a massive range of literary and historical references but, writing the Circe episode in Paris in 1920, he restages all of the preceding characters and events of the book.

On arriving in the capitol, he wrote with great interest of another Homeric adaptation, Guillaume Apollinaires The Breasts of Tiresias, the first Surrealist play. Apollinaire indeed coined the term surrealism, inventing it to characterize a ballet produced by Diaghilev, Picasso, Satie and Cocteau: a sort of sur-realism in which I see the point of departure for a series of manifestations of that New Spirit which promises to modify the arts and the conduct of life from top to bottom in universal joyousness. Joyce follows Apollinaires feverish production with a playscript that interrupts Blooms visit to the red-light area of Dublin with a series of waking dreams.

There are striking simularities between the two pieces; O, I do so want to be a mother Bloom declares, before giving birth to octuplets, recalling the unnamed husbands announcement in The Breasts of Tiresias: Ah! The mad joys of paternity! 40049 children in a single day! My happiness is complete. Male reproduction on an industrial scale has nationalist and colonial consequence in Apollinaires play; in Ulysses, it speaks to the promises and limits of capitalism.

Surrealists like Apollinaire were indebted to the 19th-century French writers who had inspired Joyce as they coined a new artistic language to give voice to the desires awoken and repressed in the modern capitalist city. The avant-garde movements of the 20th century were also related to one another: Apollinaires calligrammes, or word-image poetry, along with Marinettis parole in libert poems, were celebrated by the Dadaists.

These artists considered themselves the vanguard of a new society. Ulysses, considered in these contexts, can be understood to reconceive of the nature and role of avant-garde art. Neither the artistic equivalent of an advance battalion nor the dismantling of the institution of art tout court, Joyces iconoclastic work recasts literary and artistic culture to open up the possibilities of the everyday world.

The Cambridge Centenary Ulysses, edited by Catherine Flynn, will be published in June by Cambridge University Press

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Ulysses and the international avant-garde of Trieste, Zurich, Paris - The Irish Times

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