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Category Archives: Transhuman News

DNA: the 'smartest' molecule in existence?

Posted: April 26, 2013 at 1:45 pm

24 April 2013 Last updated at 17:55 By Jennifer Green and Dhruti Shah BBC Science

DNA is the molecule that contains and passes on our genetic information. The publication of its structure on the 25th of April 1953 was vital to understanding how it achieves this task with such startling efficiency.

In fact, it's hard to think of another molecule that performs so many intelligent functions so effortlessly. So what is it that makes DNA so smart?

For such a huge molecule, DNA is very stable so if it's kept in cold, dry and dark conditions, it can last for a very, very long time. This is why we have been able to extract and analyse DNA taken from species that have been extinct for thousands of years.

It's the double-stranded, double-helix structure of DNA that stops it falling apart.

DNA's structure is a bit like a twisted ladder. The twisted 'rails' are made of sugar-phosphate, which give DNA its shape and protect the information carrying 'rungs' inside. Each sugar-phosphate unit is joined to the next by a tough covalent bond, which needs a lot of energy to break.

In between the 'rails', weaker hydrogen bonds link the two halves of the rungs together. Individually each hydrogen bond is weak - but there are thousands of hydrogen bonds within a single DNA molecule, so the combined effect is an extremely powerful stabilising force.

It's this collective strength of DNA that has allowed biologists to study genes of ancient species like the woolly mammoth - extinct but preserved in the permafrost.

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This short animation explains everything else you need to know about DNA.

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DNA: the 'smartest' molecule in existence?

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5 cool things DNA can do

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A growing body of research suggests that our ability to lose weight is shaped in large part by our genes.

STORY HIGHLIGHTS

(CNN) -- Happy National DNA Day! April 25 marks the 60th anniversary of scientists' discovery of the double helix. It's also the 10th anniversary of the completion of the Human Genome Project, which set out to sequence the more than 3 billion letters in our genetic code.

Biologist James Watson and physicist Francis Crick realized our DNA molecules form a three-dimensional double helix in 1953. But DNA research dates back to the late 1860s, according to Nature Education.

Friedrich Miescher was the first to identify "nucleic acid" in our white blood cells; his 1869 finding was later named deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. Others later defined the components that make up DNA molecules, identified RNA (ribonucleic acid, the other type of nucleic acid found in all cells along with DNA) and determined that although DNA differs in each species, it always maintains certain properties.

Those findings led to Watson and Crick's conclusion, which paved the way for decades of DNA discoveries.

Today we use DNA tests to tell us about all kinds of things -- from Justin Bieber's baby daddy status to the innocence of a man sitting on death row. But genetic scientists are doing more than trying to prove Bigfoot's existence.

Here are five cool things DNA testing can do:

Map your family tree

A $99 DNA test could give you thousands of new relatives (although if they're anything like ours, we're not sure why you'd want them). Sites such as Ancestry.com offer to compare your DNA to those they already have on record in hopes of connecting you to unknown branches of your family tree. Ancestry.com's test can also tell you your genetic ethnicity.

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Neanderthal Genome Results – Video

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Neanderthal Genome Results

By: outthetube

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Neanderthal Genome Results - Video

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PSORIASIS: ONE CLICK CLINIC: DR. RICKY GONDHIA – Video

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PSORIASIS: ONE CLICK CLINIC: DR. RICKY GONDHIA
In this video Dr. Ricky Gondhia talks about the skin condition psoriasis . Each week One Click Clinic takes a major health area and Dr Ricky answers the most...

By: BodyTalkDaily

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PSORIASIS: ONE CLICK CLINIC: DR. RICKY GONDHIA - Video

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Research and Markets: Moderate Psoriasis – Pipeline Review, H1 2013

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DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)--

Research and Markets has announced the addition of the "Moderate Psoriasis - Pipeline Review, H1 2013" report to their offering.

Global Markets Direct's, 'Moderate Psoriasis - Pipeline Review, H1 2013', provides an overview of the indication's therapeutic pipeline. This report provides information on the therapeutic development for Moderate Psoriasis, complete with latest updates, and special features on late-stage and discontinued projects. It also reviews key players involved in the therapeutic development for Moderate Psoriasis.

Scope

- A snapshot of the global therapeutic scenario for Moderate Psoriasis.

- A review of the Moderate Psoriasis products under development by companies and universities/research institutes based on information derived from company and industry-specific sources.

- Coverage of products based on various stages of development ranging from discovery till registration stages.

- A feature on pipeline projects on the basis of monotherapy and combined therapeutics.

- Coverage of the Moderate Psoriasis pipeline on the basis of route of administration and molecule type.

- Key discontinued pipeline projects.

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Politically Incorrect with Tom Christiano, April 23, 2103. – Video

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Politically Incorrect with Tom Christiano, April 23, 2103.
Politically Incorrect Show, taped on April 23, 2013, with Matt Hanson (Bd of Selectmen Chariman)...Bob Morse (Comm. Preservation Comm. Chair)....Paul Haverty...

By: Tom Christiano

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Politically Incorrect with Tom Christiano, April 23, 2103. - Video

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Just My Opinion: Prostitute mentality of Hollywood censorship – Video

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Just My Opinion: Prostitute mentality of Hollywood censorship
The movie World War Z starring Brad Pitt has been recut because the Chinese might be offended. And not by chance. China is becoming the largest foreign marke...

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Google report highest ever government censorship requests

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Googles latest data shows the number of requests from governments to remove content from its services is higher than ever before.

The Transparency Report was started three years ago, and since then Google has been making public the scale and scope of government requests for censorship around the world.

The latest figures show that between July and December 2012 it received 2,285 government requests for the removal of 24,179 pieces of content. It was a drastic increase from the first half the year when 1,811 requests for the removal of 18,070 pieces of content were received.

The subject of the content requested for removal varies widely but the most cited reason is defamation. On Googles public policy blog it says In more places than ever, weve been asked by governments to remove political content that people post on our services. In this particular time period, we received court orders in several countries to remove blog posts criticizing government officials or their associates. Other grounds include privacy and security breaches, copyright violation, hate speech, violence and other adult content.

Google by no means agrees to all the submissions, if the request is written informally from a government agency they usually refuse it and let a court decide. From time to time they have even received fake court orders that threaten the company with legal action if certain blog posts are not removed.

The data highlights the significant rise in requests from Brazil and Russia. In Brazil 697 requests were put forward in the 6 month period. The reason for the rise was largely due to the municipal elections that took place last year, with half of the total relating to the removal of alleged violations of the Brazilian Electoral Code which forbids the defamation of candidates.

In Russia, a new law that allows the government to blacklist sites and take them offline without a trial came into effect; the law aims to protect children from harmful content. The Transparency Report shows that requests from Russia grew from a peak of 6 in the first half of the year to 114 in the most recent period, with all but 7 citing the new law. The majority of the requests were related to suicide promotion and drug abuse.

The online video known as The Innocence of Muslims also kicked up a storm of requests. Google reported receiving inquiries from 20 different countries regarding the clip. Google concluded that the video was within the community guidelines but chose to restrict it from view in several countries in accordance with local laws.

The Top 5 countries, ordered by volume of requests are Brazil, The United States, Germany, India, and Turkey. To find out how an individudal country fares in the censorship chart read more of the report that breaks down individual countries submissions.

Copyright 2013 euronews

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Google: government censorship requests jumped 20% in last six months

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Google has published its latest Transparency Report and the results are not encouraging for free speech advocates: governments around the world are asking it to remove more content than ever before.

In the second half of 2012, the number of government requests to remove content from services like YouTube and Blogger increased from 1,811 to 2,285, and the number of items targeted for censorship increased from 18,070 to 24,179. As this screenshot shows, government requests have been rising steadily for years:

Many of these requests appear to have come from politicians who invoke defamation laws to remove content that was damaging or embarrassing. In a section of the report that breaks down requests by country, Google notes it received a request to remove a YouTube video that allegedly showed the President of Argentina in a compromising position. (Google did not comply with the request but did impose age restrictions on the video.)

Google also noted a spike in requests from Brazil where electoral law permits candidates to ban offensive material, and from Russia where a controversial law allows the government to remove content it seems harmful to young people. The company also received requests from multiple countries to censor the Innocence of Muslims video.

The content censorship report is part of Googles ongoing effort to shed light on how governments seek to access its data and suppress content. In the last year, the company has begin issuing the report in two parts one devoted to content takedown and another dedicated to requests to identify users.Under the content section, Google also shows copyright takedown requests from private companies.

Twitter has recently followed Googles example by creating transparency reports of its own. Other prominent social media and content providers, including Facebook, have remained largely silent on the issue.

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Censorship in the digital age: ‘Words are more powerful than ever’

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As part of its Keep Toronto Reading festival, featuring Ray Bradburys 1953 classic Fahrenheit 451, the Toronto Reference Library invited John Ralston Saul, president of PEN International, and Charles Foran, president of PEN Canada, to go to the library on Thursday to talk about censorship in the digital age. Here, they give an idea of the issues they will discuss:

Charles Foran: In Fahrenheit 451, a woman self-immolates with her forbidden home library rather than watch the books be burned. The novel suggests that books are where ideas, history, even human consciousness get stored. Is their status different in the digital age?

John Ralston Saul: You look around the world in 2013 and you say: How many prime ministers or presidents are in prison? One or two. How many generals or bankers? Two or three. But how many writers? 850 or so. Plus, the new fashion is, Dont torture or imprison the writers, just kill them. PEN tracks dozens killed every year. Books, words, are more powerful than ever, and more frightening to those in power.

Foran: And yet the perception is that other forms of expression, in particular those associated with digital technologies, now dominate. Are you sure books are still worth dying for?

Saul: We shouldnt obsess about the book in its traditional form. People are always saying its the end of the Gutenberg era. More to the point, its a return to an oral era. The Gutenberg galaxy was about the written word. At its best, the digital era is part of the rediscovery of the oral. At its worst, its a Kafkaesque victory of the bureaucratic over the imagination.

Foran: A blogger or tweeter is at greater risk than a novelist or poet.

Saul: Certain governments are suggesting that bloggers and tweeters arent real writers, and so dont merit protection. A writer is anyone from a Nobel laureate to a debut blogger. They all get PENs attention.

Foran: I wonder about the attention span of digital culture itself, whether it is even built to house those ideas, preserve that history, contain that consciousness. Its too scattered and unfocused.

Saul: The danger is that the sophisticated managers of power can employ these uncertain new mechanisms to shut down freedom of expression. What were witnessing is a war between those who want to use the Internet for freedom and those who want to use it for financial gain, and/or to control.

Foran: Ron Deibert, head of Citizen Lab at the University of Toronto, talks about the exploding new cyber-industrial complex. Corporations, including Canadian ones, are selling governments cyberspace software that allows them to hack, spy and survey their citizens, sometimes by methods that are illegal within national jurisdictions. Theres big money in aiding and abetting oppression on the Net.

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