Category Archives: Transhuman News

DNA Genetics Insidertalk about "The Tangie" Cultiva 2013
Don von DNA GENETICS AMSTERDAM erzhlt uns wie es zum Legendren Strain "The Tangie" kam. Ein mu fr jeden Cannoisseur. Don from DNA GENETICS AMSTERDAM tell...

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DNA Genetics Insidertalk about "The Tangie" Cultiva 2013 - Video

OHVALE DNA 113 vs OHVALE GOLDEN BOY PART 1

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OHVALE DNA 113 vs OHVALE GOLDEN BOY PART 1 - Video

Glide Gear DNA
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Glide Gear DNA - Video

NU SKIN: Science is In Our DNA
Nu Skin is the leader in anti-aging and is releasing revolutionary products based on gene expression under their innovative ageLOC brand. With the recent ind...

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NU SKIN: Science is In Our DNA - Video

Retrieval of ancient DNA molecules is usually performed with special precautions to prevent DNA from researchers or the environment to get mixed in with the DNA from the fossil. However, many ancient fossils have been lying in museum collection for decades, and are contaminated with present-day human DNA before they enter the DNA-laboratory.

A new method presented in the online edition of the journal PNAS this week provides a solution to this problem. A statistical model for how degradation can be detected in DNA sequences is shown to be able to isolate DNA from ancient bones even when it is vastly outnumbered by modern-day DNA contamination--not in the laboratory, but in the computer.

"Many extremely interesting DNA data sets from ancient humans never see the light of day because of contamination. The idea behind this method was to change that," says Pontus Skoglund, lead author of the study and PhD in evolutionary genetics at Uppsala University.

To apply the method on a real-world fossil, Pontus Skoglund and his supervisor Mattias Jakobsson, professor at the Department of Evolutionary biology at Uppsala University and senior author of the study, teamed up with Johannes Krause and Svante Pbo at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, who had a sequenced mitochondrial DNA from a Neandertal bone from Okladnikov cave in the Altai mountains in Siberia, but found that there was also modern human DNA in the bone. Application of the new method allowed the modern human DNA to be removed, and the complete mitochondrial genome of the Okladnikov individual showed that it was closely related to other Neandertals in Europe.

The drawback currently is that the DNA must be at least a thousand years old to allow separation from modern-day DNA, so studies of recent historical individuals still face many challenges.

"There are many really interesting ancient human remains that we can rescue from severe contamination with this method. And the method is not limited to Neanderthals, even remains of anatomically modern humans that are contaminated by modern-day humans can be rescued," says Mattias Jakobsson.

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The above story is based on materials provided by Uppsala Universitet. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

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New method rescues DNA from contaminated Neandertal bones

Scientists say two of the deadliest pandemics in history were caused by strains of the same plague and warn that new versions of the bacteria could spark future outbreaks.

Researchers found tiny bits of DNA in the teeth of two German victims killed by the Justinian plague about 1,500 years ago. With those fragments, they reconstructed the genome of the oldest bacteria known.

They concluded the Justinian plague was caused by a strain of Yersinia pestis, the same pathogen responsible for the Black Death that struck medieval Europe. The study was published online Tuesday in the journal, Lancet Infectious Diseases.

The two plagues packed quite a punch. The Justinian Plague is thought to have wiped out half the globe as it spread across Asia, North Africa, the Middle East and Europe. And the Black Death killed about 50 million Europeans in just four years during the 14th century.

"What this shows is that the plague jumped into humans on several different occasions and has gone on a rampage," said Tom Gilbert, a professor at the Natural History Museum of Denmark who wrote an accompanying commentary. "That shows the jump is not that difficult to make and wasn't a wild fluke."

The plague is usually spread to humans by rodents whose fleas carry the bacteria.

"Humans are infringing on rodents' territory, so it's only a matter of time before we get more exposure to them," Gilbert said.

Still, he and other experts doubted a modern plague epidemic would be as devastating.

"Plague is something that will continue to happen but modern-day antibiotics should be able to stop it," said Hendrik Poinar, director of the Ancient DNA Centre at McMaster University in Canada, who led the new research. He said about 200 rodent species carry the plague and could potentially infect other animals or humans.

Poinar warned that if the plague transforms into an airborne version which can happen if the bacteria reaches the lungs and its droplets are spread by coughing it would be much harder to snuff out. That type of plague can kill people within 24 hours of being infected.

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Scientists Find Ancient Plague DNA in Teeth

A smudge of blood on a broken window. A discarded cigarette butt. Even a used piece of toilet paper.

These are all items from which Oklahoma City police have recovered DNA evidence from burglars. Even when the criminals have not been identified and charged, their DNA profiles often are.

Scientists can now determine your entire genetic make-up in less than one day and for a price of $1,000.

The department started aggressively pursuing property crime cases through DNA evidence in 2009, said Campbell Ruddock, police DNA lab manager.

Police now routinely are handling over 500 DNA cases a year, with about a 20 percent increase each year, Ruddock said.

And upward of 360 of those DNA profiles have been charged by the Oklahoma County district attorney's office in the last five years.

Finding a match

With a good, clean sample, scientists can pin a genetic match.

A DNA profile is kind of like a combination lock. It's that specific order and combination we look for, Ruddock said.

We look at 16 points on the DNA. Anything beyond that is statistically irrelevant, he said.

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Oklahoma City police, prosecutors use DNA evidence to nab thieves

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE:

27-Jan-2014

Contact: Erin Vollick comm.ibbme@utoronto.ca 416-946-8019 University of Toronto

A team of researchers at the University of Toronto has discovered a method of assembling "building blocks" of gold nanoparticles as the vehicle to deliver cancer medications or cancer-identifying markers directly into cancerous tumors. The study, led by Warren Chan, Professor at the Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering (IBBME) and the Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research (CCBR), appears in an article in Nature Nanotechnology this week.

"To get materials into a tumor they need to be a certain size," explains Chan. "Tumors are characterized by leaky vessels with holes roughly 50 500 nanometers in size, depending on the tumor type and stage. The goal is to deliver particles small enough to get through the holes and 'hang out' in the tumor's space for the particles to treat or image the cancer. If particle is too large, it can't get in, but if the particle is too small, it leaves the tumor very quickly."

Chan and his researchers solved this problem by creating modular structures 'glued' together with DNA. "We're using a 'molecular assembly' model - taking pieces of materials that we can now fabricate accurately and organizing them into precise architectures, like putting LEGO blocks together," cites Leo Chou, a 5th year PhD student at IBBME and first author of the paper. Chou was awarded a 2012-13 Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation Ontario Region Fellowship for his work with nanotechnology.

"The major advantage of this design strategy is that it is highly modular, which allows you to 'swap' components in and out. This makes it very easy to create systems with multiple functions, or screen a large library of nanostructures for desirable biological behaviors," he states.

The long-term risk of toxicity from particles that remain in the body, however, has been a serious challenge to nanomedical research.

"Imagine you're a cancer patient in your 30s," describes Chan. "And you've had multiple injections of these metal particles. By the time you're in your mid-40s these are likely to be retained in your system and could potentially cause other problems."

DNA, though, is flexible, and over time, the body's natural enzymes cause the DNA to degrade, and the assemblage breaks apart. The body then eliminates the smaller particles safely and easily.

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DNA-built nanostructures safely target, image cancer tumors