Category Archives: Transhuman News

genome paper castle
I learned how to use text in videos. This is me just messin #39; around, writing music, answering important phone calls and eating food. It #39;s ridiculous. Enjoy.

By: Cuba Luna

See the article here:
genome paper castle - Video

February 3, 2014

Researchers identified genes and pathways that are disrupted in a major form of bladder cancer. The study also revealed subtypes that resemble other cancers at a molecular level, implying similar routes of development. The findings suggest potential new therapeutic targets.

Bladder canceralso known as urothelial carcinomais expected to cause more than 15,000 deaths in the United States in 2014. About 72,000 new cases will be diagnosed this year as well.

Bladder cancer that invades the muscle of the bladder is the deadliest form of the disease. Standard treatments for muscle-invasive bladder cancer include surgery and radiation combined with chemotherapy. There are no recognized follow-up treatments if the initial therapy doesnt work.

To gain a better understanding of this cancer, investigators in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network undertook a comprehensive genomic analysis of 131 muscle-invasive bladder carcinomas from patients who hadnt yet been treated. The researchers analyzed DNA, RNA, and protein data. TCGA is supported by NIHs National Cancer Institute (NCI) and National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI). The study appeared online on January 29, 2014, in Nature.

The scientists found recurrent mutations in 32 genes, including 9 that werent previously reported to be significantly mutated in any cancer. They identified mutations in the TP53 gene in nearly half the tumor samples. TP53 codes for the p53 tumor suppressor protein, which helps regulate cell division. The RTK/RAS pathway, which is involved in regulating cell growth and developmentand is affected in many cancerswas altered in 44% of the tumors analyzed.

Genes that regulate chromatinthe DNA/protein structure that determines how genes are expressedwere more frequently mutated in bladder cancer than in any other common cancer studied to date. These findings suggest the possibility of developing therapies that target chromatin remodeling.

The researchers identified potential drug targets in 69% of the tumors evaluated. Of note were frequent mutations in the ERBB2, or HER2, gene. HER2 has been implicated in a significant portion of breast cancers. New therapeutic agents under development against breast cancer thus might be effective in treating certain bladder cancers.

The scientists uncovered a potential viral connection to bladder cancer as well. DNA from virusesnotably, from HPV16, a form of the virus responsible for cervical cancerwas found in a small number of bladder tumors. This suggests that viral infection may contribute to the development of bladder cancer.

Here is the original post:
Genome Study Yields Insights Into Bladder Cancer - NIH ...

Ancient Origins seeks to uncover, what we believe, is one of the most important pieces of knowledge we can acquire as human beings our beginnings.

While many believe that we already hold such knowledge, our view is that there still exists a multitude of anomalies and mysteries in humanity's past that deserve further examination.

We therefore wish to foster an open community that is dedicated to investigating, understanding and explaining the origins of our species on planet earth. To this end, we aim to organize, support and even finance efforts in this direction.

Our aim is to move beyond theories and to present a thorough examination of current research and evidence and to offer alternative viewpoints and explanations to those currently held by mainstream science and archaeology.

Come with us on a journey to explore lost civilisations, sacred writings, ancient places, unexplained artefacts and scientific mysteries while we seek to reconstruct and retell the story of our beginnings.

Go here to see the original:
Entire Neanderthal genome finally mapped with amazing ...

Current ratings for: Whole-genome testing helps identify treatments for breast cancer

Public / Patient:

0 (0 votes)

Health Professionals:

0 (0 votes)

A study testing all the DNA in the genome of cancer cells - the first of its kind - has identified individuals that may benefit from new treatments currently being tested in clinical trials.

Metastatic cancer - cancer that has spread from the region of the body where it first started, to other areas - is generally regarded as being incurable. In 2013, 39,620 women died from metastatic breast cancer in the US.

Progress in developing effective new chemotherapy or hormonal therapies for metastatic cancer has been slow, though there have been developments in therapies targeting specific genetic mutations in breast cancer.

"Until now genetic testing has only analyzed a limited number of genes to select which targeted drugs are suitable for individual patients and many treatment opportunities may be missed," explains Prof. Fabrice Andr from the Institute Gustave Roussy in France, whose study is published in The Lancet Oncology.

Prof. Andr and team think that this targeting of specific mutations or DNA copy numbers in breast cancer could shape how clinical trials - and ultimately new drugs - are designed.

Link:
Whole-genome testing helps identify treatments for breast cancer