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Category Archives: Transhuman News

Novel Ways to Protect Astronaut DNA before Entering Space Radiation Environments

Posted: February 21, 2014 at 7:43 pm

How Personalized Medicine will transform Human Space Flight

Significant attention has been given to methods of shielding human space participants from radiation on missions. But what if some astronauts suffer from susceptible DNAbeforeentering the space radiation environment? Two American scientists have proposed that certain astronaut molecular profilesmay 1) reduce inherent DNA stability, 2) slow DNA repair, and 3) render DNA more susceptible to mutational events when exposed to the radiation of space.

Michael A. Schmidt, Ph.D. (Sovaris Aerospace) andThomas J. Goodwin, Ph.D. (NASA Johnson Space Center) have identified a novel approach to space radiation countermeasures, which is based on understanding the DNA stability, DNA repair capability, and oxidative susceptibility of individual astronautsbeforethey enter the space environment. This methodology is linked to individual genotype and micronutrient status, both of which are potentially modifiable by appropriate pre-flight and in-flight countermeasures.

For instance, common gene mutations affecting one carbon metabolism (MTHFR, MTR, MTRR) may result in the build-up of a faulty base (uracil) within the DNA backbone. This can lead to single strand DNA breaks and double strand DNA breaks, before astronauts enter space. The effect of this is amplified by folate and B12 deficiency.

Other common gene mutations (Hfe) trigger excessive iron accumulation, which creates unstable DNA through oxidative stress mechanisms, also before entering space. Magnesium is a central atom in most DNArepairenzymes. Significant serum, urine, and muscle loss of Mg has already been found in ISS astronauts on long missions, thus raising the question about whether we are already flying some astronauts with diminished capacity to repair DNA damage.

According to Schmidt, "We are examining how individual molecular influences affect DNA stability and repair before astronauts enter the elevated radiation conditions of space, and then how to manage those influences while they live in space. But we are looking well beyond DNA and into the vast network of molecular influences on astronaut physiology. We and our colleagues are using genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics to develop a platform for personalized medicine that will guide the present and future of human space flight. As the field evolves, we expect to increasingly be able to individualize countermeasures, so that each astronaut receives the protocol that is most suitable to him or her. This will be crucial for missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond. Of equal importance, we use what we've learned from the complexity of space to translate these benefits to earth-based medicine."

Goodwin states, "In the end, it is about advancing the science and about developing solutions, which we see evolving in phases. Our goal, at minimum, includes: (1) establish the criteria for ''best evidence'' that can be used to develop individualized countermeasurestoday; (2) establish the criteria for best evidence that prioritizes research, clinical assessment, and individualized countermeasures to be developed in the near term; and (3) establish a deliberate discovery path that seeks to develop sophisticated and more complex models for long-term deployment of personalized medicine, as the future standard of preparation and care in human space flight."

Their paper, entitledPersonalized Medicine in Human Space Flight: Using Omics Based Analyses to Develop Individualized Countermeasures that Enhance Astronaut Safety and Performance, was recently published in the journalMetabolomics(Schmidt, MA, Goodwin, TJ.MetabolomicsDec 2013;9(6):1134-1156).

Michael A. Schmidt, Ph.D.is co-chair of the Advanced Pattern Analysis & Countermeasures Group. He and his team have ongoing collaborations with NASA Ames Research Center, NASA Johnson Space Center, and commercial space flight companies that are focused on human missions to the ISS, Moon, Mars, and elsewhere. Dr. Schmidt is the founder ofSovaris Aerospace, LLCand Chairman ofMetaboLogics, LLC, based at the Infectious Disease Research Complex at Colorado State University. Sovaris Aerospace, LLC uses pattern analysis, signal processing, and predictive modeling to develop molecular/physiologic assessment and countermeasure solutions for humans in space. MetaboLogics, LLC, applies these methods to earth-based medicine.

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Novel Ways to Protect Astronaut DNA before Entering Space Radiation Environments

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The Robin Ince & Brian Cox Puppet Show – Trailer for Cosmic Genome – Video

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The Robin Ince Brian Cox Puppet Show - Trailer for Cosmic Genome
Regular exclusive episodes will be coming soon to The Incomplete Map of the Cosmic Genome! It #39;s the Robin Ince Brian Cox Puppet Show! Robin and Brian have ...

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The Robin Ince & Brian Cox Puppet Show - Trailer for Cosmic Genome - Video

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nanoHUB-U Nanobiosensors L5.3: Putting the pieces together – Genome Sequencer III – Video

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nanoHUB-U Nanobiosensors L5.3: Putting the pieces together - Genome Sequencer III
Table of Contents: 00:09 Lecture 5.3: Putting the pieces together Genome Sequencer -- Part 3 00:46 Outline 01:17 Recall: Sequencing by synthesis 03:42 Homo-p...

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nanoHUB-U Nanobiosensors L5.3: Putting the pieces together - Genome Sequencer III - Video

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nanoHUB-U Nanobiosensors L5.1: Putting the pieces together – Genome Sequencer I – Video

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nanoHUB-U Nanobiosensors L5.1: Putting the pieces together - Genome Sequencer I
Table of Contents: 00:09 Lecture 5.1: Putting the pieces together - Genome Sequencer- Part 1 01:35 Outline 02:28 Motivation for Genome Sequencing 05:13 Extra...

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nanoHUB-U Nanobiosensors L5.1: Putting the pieces together - Genome Sequencer I - Video

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nanoHUB-U Nanobiosensors L5.2: Putting the pieces together – Genome Sequencer II – Video

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nanoHUB-U Nanobiosensors L5.2: Putting the pieces together - Genome Sequencer II
Table of Contents: 00:09 Lecture 5.2: Putting the pieces together Genome Sequencer -- Part 2 01:44 Outline 02:04 Selectivity and Sequencing 04:05 Outline 04:...

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nanoHUB-U Nanobiosensors L5.2: Putting the pieces together - Genome Sequencer II - Video

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genome circle 2014 FULL HD – Video

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genome circle 2014 FULL HD

By: HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology

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Using Supercomputers To Speed Up Genome Analysis

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February 20, 2014

Image Caption: Beagle, a Cray XE6 supercomputer at Argonne National Laboratory, supports computation, simulation and data analysis for the biomedical research community. Credit: Argonne National Laboratory

Lee Rannals for redOrbit.com Your Universe Online

Researchers writing in the journal Bioinformatics say that genome analysis can be radically accelerated.

Over the years, the cost of sequencing an entire human genome has dropped, but analyzing three billion base pairs of genetic information from a single genome can take months. A team from the University of Chicago is reporting that one of the worlds fastest supercomputers is able to analyze 240 full genomes in about two days.

This is a resource that can change patient management and, over time, add depth to our understanding of the genetic causes of risk and disease, study author Elizabeth McNally, the A. J. Carlson Professor of Medicine and Human Genetics and director of the Cardiovascular Genetics clinic at the University of Chicago Medicine, said in a statement.

Megan Puckelwartz, a graduate student in McNallys laboratory and the studys first author, said the Beagle supercomputer based at Argonne National Laboratory is able to process many genomes simultaneously rather than one at a time.

It converts whole genome sequencing, which has primarily been used as a research tool, into something that is immediately valuable for patient care, Puckelwartz said in a statement.

Scientists have been working on exome sequencing, which focuses on just two percent or less of the genome that codes for proteins. About 86 percent of disease-causing mutations are located in this coding region, but still about 15 percent of significant mutations come from the other coding regions.

Researchers used raw sequencing data from 61 human genomes and analyzed the data on Beagle. They used publicly available software packages and a quarter of the computers total capacity, finding that a supercomputer environment helped with accuracy and speed.

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Longevity in this business is about being able to reinvent yourself: Satya Nadella

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In his first interview after taking over as chief executive officer of Microsoft, Satya Nadella talks to Adam Bryant on leadership, management approach, business and his vision for the company. Excerpts:

What leadership lessons have you learned from your predecessor, Steve Ballmer?

The most important one I learned from Steve happened two or three annual reviews ago. I sat down with him, and I remember asking him: "What do you think? How am I doing?" Then he said: "Look, you will know it, I will know it, and it will be in the air. So you don't have to ask me, 'How am I doing?' At your level, it's going to be fairly implicit."

I went on to ask him, "How do I compare to the people who had my role before me?" And Steve said: "Who cares? The context is so different. The only thing that matters to me is what you do with the cards you've been dealt now. I want you to stay focused on that, versus trying to do this comparative benchmark." The lesson was that you have to stay grounded, and to be brutally honest with yourself on where you stand.

And what about Bill Gates?

Bill is the most analytically rigorous person. He's always very well prepared, and in the first five seconds of a meeting he'll find some logical flaw in something I've shown him. I'll wonder, how can it be that I pour in all this energy and still I didn't see something? In the beginning, I used to say, "I'm really intimidated by him." But he's actually quite grounded. You can push back on him. He'll argue with you vigorously for a couple of minutes, and then he'll be the first person to say, "Oh, you're right." Both Bill and Steve share this. They pressure-test you. They test your conviction.

There's a lot of curiosity around what kind of role Bill is going to play with you.

The outside world looks at it and says, "Whoa, this is some new thing." But we've worked closely for about nine years now. So I'm very comfortable with this, and I asked for a real allocation of his time. He is in fact making some pretty hard trade-offs to say, "OK, I'll put more energy into this." And one of the fantastic things that only Bill can do inside this campus is to get everybody energised to bring their "A" game. It's just a gift.

What were some early leadership lessons for you?

I played on my school's cricket team, and there was one incident that just was very stunning to me. I was a bowler - like a pitcher in baseball - and I was throwing very ordinary stuff one day. So the captain took over from me and got the team a breakthrough, and then he let me take over again.

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President Obama, the 'Permanent Revolutionary'

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By Anthony F. Shaker

Western propaganda about Ukraine, Syria, Venezuela,and a host of other so-called "human-rights files" around the world, is being churned out on an industrial scale these days. Working in unison with the politicians are NGOs like Human Rights Watch, which is currently beating the drum of war at a frenetic speed, much as we rememberAmnesty Internationaldoing at the height of the Cold War. True, the argumentspresented to the public stand, almost invariably, on wild assumptions and claims that have no basis in reality except in the minds of armchair strategists,secretplotters and lunatics.

One recent example is an article in Foreign Affairs, a major establishment policy journal ("The Good and Bad of Ahrar al-Sham. An al Qaeda-Linked Group Worth Befriending," by Michael Doran et al.). Its authors actually tried to promote American rapprochement with Wahhabi and Saudi-sponsoredjihadism around the world, as if this has not already happened. However, the mock ignorance behind this moral acrobatics seems to reflecta far more sinister design than even the larger and expanding rivalry into which the US is now locking itself with the Russian Federation.

The first question that comes to mind, even if the authors are correct in distinguishing good from bad Wahhabi terrorists, is towhat end? What do the authors hope Obama would achieve with such analliance? Liberty? Some antiquatedAmerican version of "democracy"?

The tragedy is that the United States is operating, more than ever, under the cloak of "revolutionism," one based on the notion that human rights must be practiced according to US values and whenever the US dictates.

Naturally, this new tribal redefinition of liberty requires the demolition of "regimes" that refuse to embrace such a divinely ordained "self-evident truth." But because nobody has the patience to listen anymore, the Obama administration regularly has to issue military threats, sanctions, etc., just to be heard over the growing din of misery around the world.

Most disturbingly, the US has returned to its old tactic of deploying armed local militias, as it has done against Nicaragua, Southern Africa, Southeast Asia, of course Afghanistan under the Soviets, not to mention other nations. Bloodthirsty terrorists--and literally, cannibals who film themselves eating human flesh--apparently pose no problem. We nickname them freedom fighters--more offensively, "activists."

Is this how human rights and democracy are to be established in countries we claim to care about? Or, is it a useful instrument with which to demolish states that the governments of both the US and Israel feel are blocking their view of the glorious future awaiting us all under Americo-Israeli "guidance."

That is a cartoonish interpretation of the world at the intellectual level of Bibi the Bomber during his comical address at the UN.I say this because it has become amply clear the US is on a fast-track to the "dustbin of history" on this march (as the "evil Communist revolutionaries" once used to paint their capitalist opponents).

The purpose of using Saudi- and Gulf-sponsored armies of Wahhabi jihadists around the Islamic world, most devastatingly in Syria, is not to build anything, but to pave the way for direct foreign control in an increasingly desperate situation for the US and the EU on nearly every front (geopolitical, diplomatic and, for the EU, economic).

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Theres a Handy New App for Betting on Friends Relationships

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As soon as a friend gets into a serious relationship, you might think: Good for her! The second: I wonder how long will it last? Its human nature. A new app, Forever|NOT (clever) adds some fun, interactivity, and competition into our natural inclination toward thinking horrible things about happy people by letting you bet on the longevity of your friends relationships. You dont get any money if youre right, but youll get paid out with oodles of schadenfreude.

Forever|NOT works in the same vein as Tinder: It accesses your Facebook information, finds your coupled-up friends, analyzes their interactions, and gives them a score. If you think a couple is one step away from a registry, swipe left. If youre certain youll be sweeping up the smoldering relationship ashes of your high-school friend Emotionally Repressed Rachel and her new boyfriend, Overgrown Alcoholic Fratboy Frank, swipe right. Bonus: To help you feel like less of a jerk, the app throws celebrity relationships like Amber Heard and Johnny Depp into the mix. (Swipe right.)

But, like every gambling game, there's a way to cheat the system. The Forever|NOT website offers some sound advice for increasing your relationship score and ensuring a left swipe. It recommends:

1. Dont fight in public! 2. Tell your friends all the great things your significant other does for you (if they dont, fake it!). 3. Send flowers to your girlfriend at work or school so everyone else sees. 4. Message your friends that you support their relationship and invite them to bet on yours. 5. PDA is GOOD.

(User warning: Forever|NOT might have been created by a group of jilted tweens who are app-shaming their BFFs into treating them better.)

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