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Category Archives: Transhuman News

The Billionaire Space Race: Should We Be Worried? – New University

Posted: May 3, 2022 at 9:48 pm

NASA and SpaceX launched the first all-private space crew, Axiom-1, on April 8. The team included three wealthy businessmen and one astronaut. Whilst this marks one small step for the future of commercial space travel, it could also mark one giant leap backward for mankind.

In the Oscar-nominated Netflix film, Dont Look Up, a comet heads towards Earth and is set to destroy humanity. When billionaire CEO Peter Isherwell discovers that the raw materials of the comet are worth trillions of dollars, he calls off the launch meant to destroy the comet. When Isherwells own attempt to destroy the comet fails, he and a handful of global elites board a spaceship in hopes of fleeing Earth and finding life on another planet. While humorously dark and satirical, the story of Isherwells character is not entirely dissimilar from the numerous billionaires hoping to tap into the lucrative commercial venture of space.

In 2019, NASA was called upon to expand commercial modules onboard the International Space Station (ISS), as it was recently announced that the station is expected to retire in 2031. In offloading these human space missions to private companies, NASA hopes that the increased competition between private companies will accelerate the time we reach commercial space travel.

Were taking commercial business off the face of the Earth and putting it up in Space, NASA administrator Bill Nelson said before the Axiom-1 launch on Friday.

This ambition for future space travel draws into question who will be able to go. The three billionaires who boarded Axiom-1 Larry Connor, Mark Pathy and Eyten Stibbe each paid a sum of $55 million. While they are up there to conduct research during their stay in the ISS, this money could have also been used to fund important and life-saving research on Earth.

Dr. Wendy Whitman Cobb, an Air Force political scientist for space argues that the privatization of space is for the better, stating that it enables NASA to pursue future projects like starting moon or Mars colonies and exploring deeper space.

The more normal people we see fly into space, more of the public will see this as possible and be excited by it, Cobb said in an interview with the New York Times.

Yet, with Elon Musk valuing space travel at between $100,000-$500,000, it is hard to see that so-called normal people will ever be able to afford this luxury experience. In an interview with TED Creator Chris Anderson, Musk proposed that space travel can be affordable for anyone if people are willing to work and save up for it.

If moving to Mars costs, for arguments sake, $100,000, then I think almost anyone can work and save up and eventually have $100,000 and be able to go to Mars if they want, Musk said.

With the median income in the United States standing at $67,521 in the 2020 census, the CEO of SpaceX has underestimated the difficulty of saving $100,000, let alone for people in developing nations. Perhaps the future of commercial space travel appears more like a luxury hobby for the elite millionaires of the world rather than a goal for the average person. Somehow, we are reminded of that in the final scene in Dont Look Up where Isherwell and his high society associates flee a dying planet.

Dont Look Up is an allegory for climate change and our lack of action to prevent it. If space travel becomes commercialized, the emissions produced by rockets will significantly contribute to making climate change irreversible. It is estimated that the emissions per passenger will be around 100 times that of a long-haul flight. For some scientists, this is a worrying statistic considering some companies ambitions to fly tourists to space several times a day. Without finding a means of eliminating the carbon footprint of rockets, they are as much of a vehicle for finding new life in space as they are for destroying life on Earth.

The emissions produced by rockets also affect the Earths atmosphere in a way that no other carbon-fuelled technologies might. The use of kerosene to power rockets produces a significant amount of soot, a type of black carbon emission. When this is released into the middle and upper atmospheres, the soot has a warming effect 500 times greater than when it is closer to the Earths surface. This is because there are few clouds competing with the soot to absorb the suns rays. If rocket launches start to become far more frequent in the future, the effect of these emissions could substantially hinder the Earths ability to repair its ozone layer.

With the move towards commercialized space travel accelerating, so is the speed of global warming. Private companies like SpaceX must conduct further research to assess the ecological impact of their rockets before further expanding their commercial space flights.

Whilst the thought of flights to space remains an exciting prospect, the affordability and environmental effects of commercialized space travel should be kept firmly on the minds of the billionaires looking to invest.

Thomas Brierly is an Opinion intern for the 2022 spring Quarter. He can be reached at tbrierly@uci.edu.

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Martian rocks may give insight into the Red Planets violent history – BGR

Posted: at 9:48 pm

Learning more about Mars history, and how the planet formed and evolved throughout time, has been a goal for astronomers for decades. Now, though, a new discovery could give us insight into the Red Planets brutal and violent history. If what the scientists posit turns out to be true, future expeditions on the planet could prove more about Mars violent history.

Researchers published the new study in Icarus. It posits that rocks found by NASAs Spirit Rover, and in the region that Perseverance is exploring could be ignimbrite. The rock type is igneous and sedimentary, and it forms as the result of cataclysmic, volcanic eruptions. The rocks, the researchers say, could point toward Mars having a violent history.

There are lots of ideas for the origin of the olivine-rich bedrock that covers large portions of a region called Nili Fossae, Steve Ruff, lead researcher on the study said in a statement. Its a debate thats been going on for nearly 20 years.

Ruff says that he found some correlation between the rock samples that Spirit found and a specific volcanic rock found on Earth. Olivine-rich bedrock is a fairly common silicate mineral. It comes from magma generated in the mantle of Mars (and Earth). As such, scientists have posited that Mars had volcanic processes playing a part in its history and formation. However, this new study points towards a more violent Martian history than previously expected.

Ruff compared mosaics of images taken by the Mars Spirit rover with some from Earth. He noticed a correlating pattern between it and similar rocks on Earth. As such, Ruff and his fellow researchers believe that the correlation shows more about Mars violent history. Additionally, it could tell us more about how volcanic activity helped form the planet we know today.

Of course, theres still a lot we dont know about Mars. Without any new rocks to look into, its impossible to say for sure whether Mars violent history was as bad as the researchers suspect. The answer to that question will ultimately come from the rock samples Perseverance collected. Future missions may also tell us more.

Theres a lot to look forward to when it comes to learning more about the Red Planet. Not only is NASA looking for ways to colonize Mars. But theyre also trying to come up with ways to breathe on Mars. With so many missions planned to the Red Planet in the coming years, learning more about Mars violent history continues to be paramount to understanding the planet as a whole.

All we can do now is look at the work that Ruff and others have put in, and try to learn more about the Martian surface as Perseverance, and even Insight work to tell us more.

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Galactic Civilizations IV: Core worlds, colonies, and colonization guide – PC Invasion

Posted: at 9:48 pm

There are many changes that youll notice in Galactic Civilizations IV. One of these is a distinction between core worlds and colonies. Likewise, although old mechanics have been retained, we might as well take a look at how youll further expand your empires domains. Heres our Galactic Civilizations IV guide to help you with core worlds and colonies, as well as how you can colonize new planets.

Note: Well have a Galactic Civilizations IV guides and features hub soon, so stay tuned.

The basics

The key distinction in Galactic Civilizations IV is how core worlds and colonies function. Firstly, core worlds are the only planets that you can manually manage (i.e., build structures or change citizen specialization). Your home planet is automatically considered a core world, as are others that have a governor assigned to them.

Colonies, meanwhile, are all the planets that youve colonized, culture flipped, or conquered, provided that they dont have a governor assigned to them.

All resources generated by that colony will be funneled into the nearest core world, boosting that planet even further. You can see these as thin lines leading from one planet to the next.

Keeping a planet a colony or turning it into a core world

Colony upgrades can be acquired if you research certain techs or acquire specific resources. Examples include an Orbital Shield (+10 planetary defense), Colony Beacon (+3 influence growth), and Monitoring Station (-5% crime).

Alternatively, you can select a colony and click on Assign Governor to pick a character that will be in charge. However, do keep in mind that turning a colony into a core world means that youll need to construct tile improvements and handle citizens manually. Still, you may also open the Leaders screen to fire a Governor. This will cause that planet to revert back into a colony.

Note: Galactic Civilizations IV does not have an AI governor feature for core worlds. As such, its better to focus only on wealthy/high-class planets that can be turned into core worlds. You dont want to have headaches due to tedious micromanagement.

Colonizing new planets in Galactic Civilizations IV

All major factions in Galactic Civilizations IV start with at least one Colony Ship, allowing you to gain a foothold on new frontiers from the get-go. Also, if the faction allows it, you can activate the Draft Colonists Executive Order. It costs 33 Control and youll lose a bit of approval. But, you do obtain a free Colony Ship instantly. For example, if youre playing as the Terran Alliance, you can swiftly colonize Mars and Artemis.

Note: Some planets that you colonize will trigger an event. The decision that you make can provide resources, Ideology points/spread, additional leaders, and more.

Colony Ships can be built by default via the shipyard. However, certain kinds of planets might require techs to be researched first before your people can claim them safely. Youll want to check the Colonization (green) tab for the following:

Last but not least, colonization in Galactic Civilizations IV requires a citizen from the core world to board it. This citizen will be that new planets first settler, subsequently improving its growth in the long run.

Note 1: The Mimot Brotherhood faction has the Fertile and Proliferation abilities. This allows these cute furballs to rapidly breed, and any ship you construct will also have a duplicate. You should be able to rush planets to create a massive empire. Just be forewarned that Mimot Brotherhood citizens tend to consume a lot of food as well.

Note 2: When playing on larger galaxy maps, be sure to defend Subspace Streams. Since these lead to other sectors with countless planets, you can keep your opponents at bay with a stationary fleet.

Galactic Civilizations IV is available via the Epic Games Store.

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Elon Musk, Twitter and the future: His long-term vision is even weirder than you think – Salon

Posted: at 9:48 pm

Elon Musk, the richest person on the planet, has apparently struck a deal to buy Twitter, by all accounts "one of the world's most influential platforms." Many people are trying to understand why: what exactly is motivating Elon Musk? Is it just a matter of (his hypocritical notion of) free speech? Are there deeper reasons at play here? In truth, virtually no one in the popular press has gotten the right answer. I will try to provide that here.

Let's begin with an uncontroversial observation: Elon Musk does not care much about others, you and me, or even his employees. As his brother Kimbal Musk told Time magazine, "his gift is not empathy with people," after which the article notes that "during the COVID-19 pandemic, [Musk] made statements downplaying the virus, [broke] local health regulations to keep his factories running, and amplified skepticism about vaccine safety."

Nonetheless, Elon Musk sees himself as a leading philanthropist. "SpaceX, Tesla, Neuralink, The Boring Company are philanthropy," he insists. "If you say philanthropy is love of humanity, they are philanthropy." How so?

RELATED:The cult of Elon Musk: Why do some of us worship billionaires?

The only answer that makes sense comes from a worldview that I have elsewhere described as "one of the most influential ideologies that few people outside of elite universities and Silicon Valley have ever heard about." I am referring to longtermism. This originated in Silicon Valley and at the elite British universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and has a large following within the so-called LessWrong or Rationalist community, whose most high-profile member is Peter Thiel, the billionaire entrepreneur and Trump supporter.

"Longtermists" like Nick Bostrom imagine a future in which trillions of human beings lead "happy lives" inside vast computer simulations powered by the energy output of stars.

In brief, the longtermists claim that if humanity can survive the next few centuries and successfully colonize outer space, the number of people who could exist in the future is absolutely enormous. According to the "father of Longtermism," Nick Bostrom, there could be something like 10^58 human beings in the future, although most of them would be living "happy lives" inside vast computer simulations powered by nanotechnological systems designed to capture all or most of the energy output of stars. (Why Bostrom feels confident that all these people would be "happy" in their simulated lives is not clear. Maybe they would take digital Prozac or something?) Other longtermists, such as Hilary Greaves and Will MacAskill, calculate that there could be 10^45 happy people in computer simulations within our Milky Way galaxy alone. That's a whole lot of people, and longtermists think you should be very impressed.

But here's the point these people are making, in terms of present-day social policy: Let's say you can do something today that positively affects just 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001% of the 10^58 people who will be "living" at some point in the distant future. That means, mathematically, that you'd affect 10 trillion people. Now consider that there are roughly 8 billion people on the planet today. So the question is: If you want to do "the most good," should you focus on helping people who are alive right now or these vast numbers of possible people living in computer simulations in the far future? The answer is, of course, that you should focus on these far-future digital beings. As longtermist Benjamin Todd writes:

Since the future is big, there could be far more people in the future than in the present generation. This means that if you want to help people in general, yourkey concern shouldn't be to help the present generation, but to ensure that the future goes well in the long-term.

So why is Musk spending $44 billion or so to buy Twitter, after dangling and then withdrawing the $6.6 billion needed "to feed more than 40 million people across 43 countries that are 'on the brink of famine'"? Perhaps you can glimpse the answer: If you think that "the future is big," in Todd's words, and that huge numbers of future people in vast computer simulations will come into existence over the next billion years, then you should focus on them rather than those alive today. As Greaves and MacAskill argue, when assessing whether current actions are good or bad, we should focus not on their immediate effects, but on their effects a century or millennium into the future!

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This doesn't mean we should entirely neglect current problems, as the longtermists would certainly tell us, but in their view we should help contemporary people only insofar as doing so will ensure that these future people will exist. This is not unlike the logic that leads corporations to care about their employees' mental health. For corporations, people are not valuable as ends in themselves. Instead, good mental health matters because it is conducive to maximizing profit, since healthy people tend to be more productive. Corporations care about people insofar as doing so benefits them.

For longtermists, morality and economics are almost indistinguishable: Both are numbers games that aim to maximize something. In the case of businesses, you want to maximize profit, while in the case of morality, you want to maximize "happy people." It's basically ethics as capitalism.

Musk has explicitly said that buying Twitter is about "the future of civilization." That points to his peculiar notion of philanthropy and the notion that no matter how obnoxious, puerile, inappropriate or petty his behavior no matter how destructive or embarrassing his actions may be in the present by aiming to influence the long-term future, he stands a chance of being considered by all those happy people in future computer simulations as having done more good, overall, than any single person in human history so far. Step aside, Mahatma Gandhi, Mother Teresa and Martin Luther King Jr.

Why does Musk care about climate change? Not because of injustice, inequality or human suffering but because it might snuff us out before we can colonize Mars and spread throughout the universe.

If you wonder why Musk wants to colonize Mars, this framework offers an answer: Because Mars is a planetary stepping-stone to the rest of the universe. Why does he want to plug our brains into computers via neural chips? Because this could "jump-start the next stage of human evolution." Why does he want to fix climate change? Is it because of all the harm it's causing (and will cause) for poor people in the Global South? Is it because of the injustice and inequality made worse by the climate crisis? Apparently not: It's because Musk doesn't want to risk a "runaway" climate change scenario that could snuff out human life before we've had a chance to colonize Mars, spread to the rest of the universe, and fulfill our "vast and glorious" potential to quote longtermist Toby Ord. Earlier this year, Musk declared that "we should be much more worried about population collapse" than overpopulation. Why? Because "if there aren't enough people for Earth, then there definitely won't be enough for Mars."

There is a reason that Musk is on the scientific advisory board of the grandiosely named Future of Life Institute (FLI), to which he has donated millions of dollars. It's the same reason why he has donated similar sums to Bostrom's Future of Humanity Institute (Oxford) and the Centre for the Study of Existential Risk (Cambridge), that he holds a position on the scientific advisory board of the Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, and likes to talk about us living in a computer simulation and how superintelligent machines pose a "fundamental existential risk for human civilization."

By definition, an existential risk is any event that would prevent humanity from completely subjugating nature and maximizing economic productivity, both of which are seen as important by longtermists because they would enable us to develop advanced technologies and colonize space so that we can create as many happy people in simulations as physically possible. (Again, this is capitalism on steroids.) Bostrom, whom Elon Musk admires, introduced this term in the early 2000s, and it has become one of the central research topics of the "Effective Altruism" movement, which currently boasts of some $46.1 billion in committed funding and has representatives in high-level U.S. government positions (such as Jason Matheny). Reducing "existential risk" is one of the main objectives of longtermists, many of whom are also Effective Altruists.

From this perspective, the best way to be philanthropic is to not worry so much about the lives of present-day humans, except once again insofar as doing so will help us realize this techno-utopian future among the stars. Bostrom has described the worst atrocities in human history, including World War II and the Holocaust, as "mere ripples on the surface of the great sea of life. They haven't significantly affected the total amount of human suffering or happiness or determined the long-term fate of our species."

Leading longtermists say we shouldn't "fritter away" altruistic energy on "feel-good projects" like world hunger, systemic racism or women's rights. Saving the lives of people in rich countries is "substantially more important."

More recently, Bostrom has said that "unrestricted altruism is not so common that we can afford to fritter it away on a plethora of feel-good projects of suboptimal efficacy," such as helping the poor, solving world hunger, promoting LGBTQ rights and women's equality, fighting racism, eliminating factory farming and so on. He continued: "If benefiting humanity by increasing existential safety achieves expected good on a scale many orders of magnitude greater than that of alternative contributions, we would do well to focus on this most efficient philanthropy" [emphasis added]. In a 2019 paper, he suggested that we should seriously consider implementing a centralized, invasive, global surveillance system to protect human civilization from terrorists.

Indeed, another leading longtermist and Effective Altruist, Nick Beckstead, wrote in his much-cited-by-other-longtermists dissertation that since the future could be so large, and since people in rich countries are better positioned to influence the long-term future than people in poor countries, it makes sense to prioritize the lives of the former over the lives of the latter. In his words:

saving lives in poor countries may have significantly smaller ripple effects than saving and improving lives in rich countries. Why? Richer countries have substantially more innovation, and their workers are much more economically productive. [Consequently,] it now seems more plausible to me that saving a life in a rich country is substantially more important than saving a life in a poor country, other things being equal.

When one examines Elon Musk's behavior through the lens of longtermism, his decisions and actions make perfect sense. Sure, he makes misogynistic jokes, falsely accuses people of pedophilia, rails against pronouns and trans people, and spreads COVID misinformation. Yes, he exchanged messages with Jeffrey Epstein after Epstein pleaded guilty to sex trafficking minors, joked that he thought Bernie Sanders was dead, mocked support for the Ukrainian people and so on. (See here for a nauseating list.)

But the future may very well be disproportionately shaped by Musk's decisions which are made unilaterally, with zero democratic influence and since the future could be enormous if we colonize space, all the good that will come to exist (in the reckoning of longtermists) will dwarf all the bad that he may have done during his lifetime. The ends justify the means, in this calculus, and when the ends are literally astronomical value in some techno-utopian future world full of 10^58 happy people living in computer simulations powered by all the stars in the Virgo Supercluster, you can be the worst person in the world during your lifetime and still become the best person who ever existed in the grand scheme of things.

Elon Musk wants power. This is obvious. He's an egomaniac. But he also subscribes, so far as I can tell, to a big-picture view of humanity's spacefaring future and a morality-as-economics framework that explains, better than any of the alternatives, his actions. As I have noted elsewhere:

[Longtermism is] akin to asecular religionbuilt around the worship of "future value," complete with its own "secularised doctrine ofsalvation," as the Future of Humanity Institute historian Thomas Moynihan approvinglywritesin his book "X-Risk." The popularity of this religion among wealthy people in the West especially the socioeconomic elite makes sense because it tells them exactly what they want to hear: not only are youethically excusedfrom worrying too much about sub-existential threats like non-runaway climate change and global poverty, but you are actually amorally better personfor focusing instead on more important things risk that could permanently destroy "our potential" as a species of Earth-originating intelligent life.

It is deeply troubling that a single human being has so much power to determine the future course of human civilization on Earth. Oligarchy and democracy are incompatible, and we increasingly live in a world controlled in every important way by unaccountable, irresponsible, avaricious multi-billionaires. Even more worrisome than Elon Musk wanting to buy Twitter is his motivation: the longtermist vision of value, morality and the future. Indeed, whether or not the deal actually goes through and there are hints that it might not you should expect more power-grabs like this to come, not just from Musk but others under the spell of this intoxicating new secular religion.

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Parkinson’s Foundation Announces Major Expansion of PD GENEration Study, Increasing Access to Genetic Testing and Counseling Across the US – PR…

Posted: at 9:43 pm

NEW YORK and MIAMI, May 3, 2022 /PRNewswire/ --The Parkinson's Foundationhas announced the expansion of PD GENEration: Mapping the Future of Parkinson's Disease, a first-of-its-kind national initiative offering genetic testing and counseling for people with Parkinson's disease (PD) at no cost. The study has expanded to 23 actively enrolling participant sites while still offering at-home testing as part of the Foundation's commitment to reach new populations.

The goal of PD GENEration is to improve PD care by accelerating and supporting research to advance improved treatments and personalized medicine. The study aims to help people with PD and their physicians identify whether they qualify for enrollment in certain clinical trials based on their results. Currently at 23% of its 15,000-participant goal, the study's participants are enrolled from all 50 U.S. states, Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic.

"For nearly two decades, PD genetic research boomed, but testing was often done in research rather than clinical settings, and results were not shared with participants. In contrast, in PD GENEration, we aim to make testing accessible to all who live with PD, irrespective of their geographic location, primary language or any other barriers which would have previously excluded them from participating in research," said Roy Alcalay, MD, MS, PD GENEration Principal Investigator.

PD GENEration is working to expand its reach with the addition of new testing sites and by collaborating with clinicians in historically excluded communities. This includes a partnership with Morehouse School of Medicine, aiming to make the study more accessible for Black and African American persons in Atlanta. The study also extensively engages Hispanic and Latino persons and provides genetic testing and counseling in English and Spanish.

"Increasing access to PD GENEration helps ensure that anyone living with PD can participate and have easy access to their genetic data," said Chantale Branson, MD, Assistant Professor of Neurology at Morehouse School of Medicine. "We want to encourage community members to take part in the study while letting them know that their experiences are impacting the advancement of research and development of targeted therapies for the entire Parkinson's community."

To meet the broader needs of the research community, the Foundation formed the Parkinson's Disease Gene Curation Expert Panel(GCEP), within the NIH-funded Clinical Genome (ClinGen) Resource. The Parkinson's Disease GCEP is the first-ever genetics working group focused on neurodegenerative diseases. Under the Foundation's leadership, the panel has convened more than 50 of the world's leading researchers, geneticists, neurologists and genetic counselors dedicated to analyzing PD GENEration and other genetic data to build centralized resources that define clinically relevant genes linked to PD all in hopes of accelerating breakthrough discoveries.

All work done by this panel will help to determine which genes are important for PD which, in turn, helps guide drug approvals and inform drug companies to prioritize specific genetic targets. Future work will evolve to include curation of Parkinson's gene mutations, which will be significant given that the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recognized ClinGen's processes for variant interpretation. All work will be published and openly available as resources for researchers, clinicians and PD community members to promote a better understanding of the disease.

To learn more about PD GENEration, visit Parkinson.org/PDGENErationor call 1-800-4PD-INFO (473-4636). For questions about enrollment, email [emailprotected].

About the Parkinson's FoundationThe Parkinson's Foundation makes life better for people with Parkinson's disease by improving care and advancing research toward a cure. In everything we do, we build on the energy, experience and passion of our global Parkinson's community. Since 1957, the Parkinson's Foundation has invested more than $400 million in Parkinson's research and clinical care. Connect with us on Parkinson.org, Facebook, Twitter, Instagramor call (800) 4PD-INFO (473-4636).

About Parkinson's DiseaseAffecting an estimated one million Americans and 10 million worldwide, Parkinson's disease is the second-most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's and is the 14th-leading cause of death in the U.S. It is associated with a progressive loss of motor control (e.g., shaking or tremor at rest and lack of facial expression), as well as non-motor symptoms (e.g., depression and anxiety). There is no cure for Parkinson's and 60,000 new cases are diagnosed each year in the U.S. alone.

SOURCE Parkinson's Foundation

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Graphite Bio Announces U.S. FDA Fast Track Designation Granted to GPH101 for the Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease – Yahoo Finance

Posted: at 9:43 pm

GPH101 is an investigational next-generation gene-edited therapy designed to potentially provide a one-time cure for patients

SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO, Calif., May 03, 2022--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Graphite Bio, Inc. (Nasdaq: GRPH), a clinical-stage, next-generation gene editing company harnessing the power of high-efficiency precision gene repair to develop therapies with the potential to treat or cure serious diseases, today announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Fast Track Designation to GPH101 for the treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD). GPH101 is an investigational next-generation gene-edited autologous hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) therapy designed to directly correct the genetic mutation that causes SCD.

"The FDAs decision to grant Fast Track Designation to GPH101 for sickle cell disease signifies the need for novel medicines for this serious genetic disease and supports the ongoing development of our unique gene correction approach that we believe could offer a definitive cure for sickle cell patients," said Josh Lehrer, M.D., M.Phil., chief executive officer of Graphite Bio. "This designation has the potential to accelerate the development of GPH101, which we are advancing with the goal of precisely and efficiently correcting the genetic mutation that is the underlying cause of sickle cell disease. We continue to enroll patients in our Phase 1/2 CEDAR trial and expect to dose our first patient later this year, with initial proof-of-concept data anticipated next year."

The FDAs Fast Track program facilitates the expedited development and review of new drugs or biologics that are intended to treat serious or life-threatening conditions and demonstrate the potential to address unmet medical needs. GPH101 was previously granted orphan drug designation by the FDA.

About GPH101 for Sickle Cell DiseaseGPH101 is an investigational next-generation gene-edited autologous hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) therapy designed to directly correct the genetic mutation that causes sickle cell disease (SCD). SCD is a serious, life-threatening inherited blood disorder that affects approximately 100,000 people in the United States and millions of people around the world, making it the most prevalent monogenic disease worldwide. GPH101 is the first investigational therapy to use a highly differentiated gene correction approach that seeks to efficiently and precisely correct the mutation in the beta-globin gene to decrease sickle hemoglobin (HbS) production and restore adult hemoglobin (HbA) expression, thereby potentially curing SCD.

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Graphite Bio is evaluating GPH101 in the CEDAR trial, an open-label, multi-center Phase 1/2 clinical trial designed to assess the safety, engraftment success, gene correction rates, total hemoglobin, as well as other clinical and exploratory endpoints and pharmacodynamics in patients with severe SCD.

About Graphite BioGraphite Bio is a clinical-stage, next-generation gene editing company harnessing the power of high-efficiency precision gene repair to develop a new class of therapies to potentially cure a wide range of serious and life-threatening diseases. Graphite Bio is pioneering a precision gene editing approach that could enable a variety of applications to transform human health through its potential to achieve one of medicines most elusive goals: to precisely "find & replace" any gene in the genome. Graphite Bios UltraHDR gene editing platform is designed to precisely correct genetic mutations, replace entire disease-causing genes with functional genes or insert new genes into predetermined, safe locations. The company was co-founded by academic pioneers in the fields of gene editing and gene therapy, including Maria Grazia Roncarolo, M.D., and Matthew Porteus, M.D., Ph.D.

Learn more about Graphite Bio by visiting http://www.graphitebio.com and following the company on LinkedIn.

Forward-Looking StatementsStatements we make in this press release may include statements which are not historical facts and are considered forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). These statements may be identified by words such as "aims," "anticipates," "believes," "could," "estimates," "expects," "forecasts," "goal," "intends," "may," "plans," "possible," "potential," "seeks," "will," and variations of these words or similar expressions that are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Any such statements in this press release that are not statements of historical fact, including statements regarding the clinical and therapeutic potential of our UltraHDR gene editing platform and our product candidates, the timing for dosing the first patient in our Phase 1/2 CEDAR clinical trial of GPH101 and the availability of initial proof-of-concept data from the trial, and our ability to accelerate the development of GPH101 as a result of the receipt of Fast Track Designation, may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. We intend these forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act and are making this statement for purposes of complying with those safe harbor provisions.

Any forward-looking statements in this press release are based on Graphite Bios current views about our plans, intentions, expectations, strategies and prospects only as of the date of this release and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially and adversely from those set forth in or implied by such forward-looking statements, including the risk that we may encounter regulatory hurdles or delays in patient enrollment and dosing, and in the progress, conduct and completion of our Phase 1/2 CEDAR trial and our other planned clinical trials. These risks concerning Graphite Bios programs and operations are described in additional detail in its periodic filings with the SEC, including its most recently filed periodic report, and subsequent filings thereafter. Graphite Bio explicitly disclaims any obligation to update any forward-looking statements except to the extent required by law.

View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20220503005073/en/

Contacts

Company Contact: Stephanie YaoVP, Communications and Investor Relations443-739-1423syao@graphitebio.com

Investors: Stephanie AscherStern IR, Inc.212-362-1200ir@graphitebio.com

Media: Sheryl SeapyReal Chemistry949-903-4750media@graphitebio.com

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Graphite Bio Announces U.S. FDA Fast Track Designation Granted to GPH101 for the Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease - Yahoo Finance

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Sangamo Therapeutics to Present Data From Its Next-Generation Technologies at 2022 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Gene & Cell Therapy…

Posted: at 9:43 pm

BRISBANE, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: SGMO), a genomic medicine company, today announced that the American Society of Gene & Cell Therapy (ASGCT) has accepted eight Sangamo abstracts for presentation at the 25th ASGCT Annual Meeting being held May 16-19, 2022, in-person in Washington, D.C. and in a virtual format. Presentations will focus on the progression of Sangamos pre-clinical programs emerging from its genomic engineering platform.

The data to be presented at ASGCT reflect the diversity and versatility of Sangamos genomic engineering platform, which is being deployed across a range of pre-clinical programs, said Jason Fontenot, Ph.D., Chief Scientific Officer at Sangamo. We look forward to demonstrating the robust pre-clinical knowledge and innovation that continues to emerge from our research efforts, to deliver transformative medicines to patients in need.

Data to be presented at the ASGCT Annual Meeting include an oral presentation of a study looking at Sangamos innovative genetically engineered adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid platform for delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) after cerebrospinal fluid administration. With protection from the blood-brain barrier, current gene delivery to the CNS continues to be an obstacle. Sangamos AAV capsids are designed to overcome that barrier, providing broad CNS access while minimizing exposure to a patients pre-existing anti-AAV antibodies. Another Sangamo AAV capsid presentation will outline CNS delivery via intravenous administration.

Other presentations at the ASGCT Annual Meeting will showcase how Sangamo is advancing its proprietary zinc finger platform development efforts, including its high-efficiency base-editing program in human cells and its use of zinc finger transcription factors for multiplex engineering of CAR-T cells without imparting changes to the genetic code. Sangamo will also present data from its CAR-Treg cell therapy platform, including outlining advancements in pre-clinical allogeneic Treg engineering.

ASGCT Annual Meeting Presentations and Invited Sessions

Viral Engineering for the Central Nervous System

Genomic Engineering Platform Evolution

Engineered CAR-Treg Platform

All abstracts for the ASGCT Annual Meeting are available on ASGCTs website.

About Sangamo Therapeutics

Sangamo Therapeutics is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company with a robust genomic medicines pipeline. Using ground-breaking science, including our proprietary zinc finger genome engineering technology, and manufacturing expertise, Sangamo aims to create new genomic medicines for patients suffering from diseases for which existing treatment options are inadequate or currently dont exist. For more information about Sangamo, visit http://www.sangamo.com.

Sangamo Forward Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements based on Sangamo's current expectations. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements relating to Sangamos technologies, the presentation of data from various therapeutic and research programs and the potential of these programs to demonstrate therapeutic benefit and transform the lives of patients. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Factors that could cause actual results to differ include, but are not limited to, the research development process, including the results of clinical trials; the regulatory approval process for product candidates; and the potential for technological developments that obviate technologies used by Sangamo. Actual results may differ from those projected in forward-looking statements due to risks and uncertainties that exist in Sangamo's operations and business. These risks and uncertainties are described more fully in our Securities and Exchange Commission filings and reports, including in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. Forward-looking statements contained in this announcement are made as of this date, and Sangamo undertakes no duty to update such information except as required under applicable law.

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Sangamo Therapeutics to Present Data From Its Next-Generation Technologies at 2022 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Gene & Cell Therapy...

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Ting, Baric Elected to American Academy of Arts & Sciences | Newsroom – UNC Health and UNC School of Medicine

Posted: at 9:43 pm

Jenny Ting, PhD, the William Kenan Distinguished Professor of Genetics, and Ralph Baric, PhD, the William Kenan Distinguished Professor of Epidemiology and Microbiology & Immunology, were elected as members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences.

UNC-Chapel Hill faculty members Ralph Baric, Virginia Gray, and Jenny Ting were elected as members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences this spring.

Jenny Ting is the William R. Kenan Jr. Distinguished Professor in the UNC Department of Genetics at the UNC School of Medicine. Her research focuses on using cutting edge ideas and technology to understand disease-relevant issues such as innate immunity, gene regulation, and inflammation among others.

Ralph Baric is the William R. Kenan Jr. Distinguished Professor in the Department of Epidemiology at the UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health and Professor in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the UNC School of Medicine. His research specializes in coronaviruses and infectious diseases using molecular, genetic and biochemical approaches.

Ting and Baric are both members of the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.

Virginia Gray is professor emerita in the College of Arts & Sciences political science department. Her teaching experience includes a variety of American politics courses, such as interest groups, state politics, fieldwork in the legislature and public policy. Her research spans a variety of topics, including state interest groups and public policy.

The three join the 39 UNC-Chapel Hill faculty previously elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Founded in 1780, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences is both an honorary society and an independent research center. Members are elected from across disciplines, professions and perspectives to examine new ideas, address issues and advance the public good. Membership is an honor, and also an opportunity to shape ideas and influence policy in areas as diverse as the arts, democracy, education, global affairs, and science. said Chair of the Academys Board of Directors Nancy C. Andrews. Over 13,500 members have been elected since its founding.

The new members join a distinguished group of individuals elected to the Academy before them. Notable members include Benjamin Franklin in 1781, Charles Darwin in 1874, Albert Einstein in 1924, Martin Luther King, Jr. In 1966, Stephen Jay Hawking in 1984, and Condoleezza Rice in 1997.

The complete list of individuals elected in 2022, including 37 International Honorary Members from 16 countries, is availablehere.

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Ting, Baric Elected to American Academy of Arts & Sciences | Newsroom - UNC Health and UNC School of Medicine

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Global Genes and the Orphan Disease Center of the University of Pennsylvania Host 7th Annual RARE Drug Development Symposium – Yahoo Finance

Posted: at 9:43 pm

Symposium Convenes Leading Advocates, Researchers and Clinicians To Tackle Critical Issues Facing Innovators in Rare Disease

ALISO VIEJO, Calif., May 03, 2022--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Global Genes, a leading rare disease patient advocacy organization, today announced its 7th annual RARE Drug Development Symposium (RDDS), in partnership with the Orphan Disease Center at the University of Pennsylvania. The two-day event will bring together rare disease advocacy leaders and researchers to identify barriers to research, create solutions, and accelerate progress for the rare disease community.

From June 8-10, leaders will meet in-person to engage in peer-to-peer, interactive small group workshops and discussions covering topics such as accelerated clinical trials, the use of AI-driven screening platforms, emerging models and partnerships, and fostering successful connections between rare disease stakeholders.

Alongside the workshops, the symposium will feature speakers from throughout the rare disease community and provide networking opportunities designed to create meaningful connections and deepen relationships between advocates, researchers, and leaders.

Each morning, industry leaders will host fireside chats about their experiences in their areas of specific expertise.

Thursday Fireside Chat: What are the Keys to Accelerating Rare Disease Research?

The speakers will include:

Paul Howard, PhD - Senior Director of Public Policy, Amicus Therapeutics

David Fajgenbaum, MD, MBA, MSc, Assistant Professor, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania

Carla Rodriguez Watson, PhD, MPH - Director of Research, Reagan-Udall Foundation

Friday Fireside Chat: What Can We Do Together?

The speakers will include:

Eric Marsh, MD, PhD - Clinical Director, ODC, University of Pennsylvania

Nicole Boice - Founder, Rare-X

Sarita Edwards - Founder & CEO, E.WE Foundation

"We know that for many rare disease patients the burden to fund, research and advocate for rare disease drug development often falls to caregivers and families, most of whom have no experience in drug development," said Craig Martin, CEO of Global Genes. "Its incumbent on us to work together to share knowledge in order to ensure that viable therapeutic approaches have the best possible chance of reaching patients."

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Following the event, Global Genes and the Orphan Disease Center at the University of Pennsylvania will publish a comprehensive report summarizing key takeaways, proposed solutions, and tactical steps forward.

"As we co-host our 7th RDDS we are emboldened by the leadership within the rare disease community and are grateful for those who are participating in this important event," said Jim Wilson, MD, PhD, Director, Gene Therapy Program; Rose H. Weiss professor and director, Orphan Disease Center; and professor in the Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. "By combining efforts, we can seek to create therapeutic resolutions that may lead to treatment for rare disease states of all kinds."

In addition to the in-person RDDS event, Global Genes will host and share a series of webinars, educational videos and resources throughout the remainder of the year.

Sponsors for the 7th Annual RARE Drug Development Symposium include:Gold sponsor: Horizon TherapeuticsSilver sponsors: Editas Medicine, Janssen, Sanofi, and Travere Therapeutics;Bronze sponsors: Alexion, Pfizer, Regeneron, and UCBPartner sponsors: Avidity Biosciences, Beam Therapeutics, BioCryst, Daiichi-Sankyo, and Ovid Therapeutics; andIndustry session sponsor: Sangamo Therapeutics

Registration for the symposium is now open. For more information on the event, view a video invitation from Craig Martin and Jim Wilson.

About Global Genes

Global Genes is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization dedicated to eliminating the burdens and challenges of rare diseases for patients and families globally. In pursuit of our mission, we connect, empower, and inspire the rare disease community to stand up, stand out, and become more effective on their own behalf helping to spur innovation, meet essential needs, build capacity and knowledge, and drive progress within and across rare diseases. We serve the more than 400 million people around the globe and nearly one in 10 Americans affected by rare diseases. If you or someone you love has a rare disease or are searching for a diagnosis, contact Global Genes at 949-248-RARE or visit our Resource Hub.

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Contacts

Global Genes:Laura VinciFinn Partners402-499-8203laura.vinci@finnpartners.com

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Global Genes and the Orphan Disease Center of the University of Pennsylvania Host 7th Annual RARE Drug Development Symposium - Yahoo Finance

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May 2022: Nuclear condensates’ role in gene regulation, disease focus of talk – Environmental Factor Newsletter

Posted: at 9:43 pm

On April 13, renowned scientist Richard Young, Ph.D., from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), presented Nuclear Condensates in Gene Regulation and Disease as part of the NIEHS Distinguished Lecture Series. He is a professor of biology at MIT and a member of the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

According to Young, in recent years, scientists have found that an increasingly important aspect of the cell involves biomolecular compartments without membranes, which researchers call condensates. Such condensates play a role in many cellular processes, ranging from DNA damage repair and immune signaling to cell division and gene regulation.

Gene regulation is the process used to control the timing, location, and amount in which genes are expressed, according to the National Human Genome Research Institute. The process can be complicated and is carried out by a variety of mechanisms, including through regulatory proteins and chemical modification of DNA. Gene regulation is key to the ability of an organism to respond to environmental changes.

Youngs team hypothesizes that disruption of nuclear condensates, whether due to genetic or perhaps environmental factors, may play a role in diseases such as cancer and type 2 diabetes. Recently, his group created a catalog of nearly 36,000 mutations that they think likely contribute to dysregulation of condensates.

So far, weve been able to validate a small portion of that catalog, said Young, describing ongoing work. He said that going forward, the catalog will provide a strong foundation for novel research into disease and therapeutics.

Young told attendees that nuclear condensates appear to be highly sensitive to the environment, although much more research is needed to determine how various agents may affect their function and influence human health.

Francesco DeMayo, Ph.D., chief of the NIEHS Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, hosted Youngs talk. Among his other research, DeMayo studies how transcription factors, which are proteins that help to turn certain genes on or off, affect reproduction.

According to DeMayo, in researching reproduction, many scientists look to chemical compounds that interfere with the bodys endocrine system, known as endocrine disruptors. He noted that Youngs research raises a novel question.

Maybe some of these [environmental] factors live in the condensates thats an area that is prime for research, DeMayo said. In other words, is there a class of pollutants that doesnt interact directly with transcription factor proteins but lives in condensates and causes disease?

Young is a professor of biology at MIT and a member of the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research. He is a member of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Medicine, and in 2006, he was recognized by the magazine Scientific American as one of the top 50 leaders in science, technology, and business. In 2013, he founded Syros Pharmaceuticals and continues as director of the company.

To learn more about Youngs research, visit his labs website.

Citations:Sabari BR, Dall'Agnese A, Young RA. 2020. Biomolecular condensates in the nucleus. Trends Biochem Sci 45(11):961977.

Boija A, Klein IA, Young RA. 2021. Biomolecular condensates and cancer. Cancer Cell 39(2):174192.

(Catherine Arnold is a contract writer for the NIEHS Office of Communications and Public Liaison.)

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May 2022: Nuclear condensates' role in gene regulation, disease focus of talk - Environmental Factor Newsletter

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