Page 2,907«..1020..2,9062,9072,9082,909..2,9202,930..»

Category Archives: Transhuman News

Unraveling the mystery of DNA transcription, one molecule at a time

Posted: December 3, 2014 at 7:50 am

Dec 02, 2014 by Bendta Schroeder

Before DNA can be transcribed into RNA, an early step in turning the genetic template into protein, the nucleus must first assemble a molecular machine called the pre-initiation complex (PIC), capable of unzipping the double helix and loading the DNA onto the transcription enzyme.

The PIC's dozens of parts are scattered throughout a dense nucleus, packed with DNA, proteins, and other biomolecules. Transcription factors and enzymes must find their way to the transcription site, driven by weak and transient interactions, to be assembled into a living, working machine. The assembly can happen in a matter of seconds.

Weak and transient interactions are thought to propel, not just transcription, but the majority of vital cell processes. In these interactions, biomolecules join and disband easily, allowing them to act collectively and quickly in response to the needs of the cell. But exactly how these interactions work is a mystery.

Ibrahim Ciss, assistant professor of physics, wants to solve this mystery, molecule by molecule, in living cells, in real time.

"This is probably one of the most spectacular examples in nature where the interactions of individual biomolecules give rise to something we don't yet understandthe emergence of life," Ciss says.

Transcription, molecule by molecule

For Ciss to follow transcription as it unfolds, he would have to circumvent the limitations of conventional techniques for studying biomolecules. Biochemical techniques that isolate molecules in test tubes or label them in fixed cells destroy the conditions that make weak and transient interactions possible. Light microscopy can preserve those conditions, but most biomolecules are too small and interact too closely to be distinguished with the light diffraction limit of 200 nanometers.

Instead, Ciss uses tools from physics to illuminate the transcription process at high resolution. For example, he adapted a new fluorescent imaging technique called photoactivation localization microscopy (PALM). PALM activates fluorescent tagging proteins at random and then applies a statistical algorithm to determine the exact location of each protein with nanometer-accuracy within the pixel of light. When Ciss repeats the process at high speed and volume, he can map the precise location of tagged biomolecules as they cluster at a transcription site or trace the path of a single transcription factor as it moves across the nucleus. Furthermore, by developing a temporal correlation method coupled with PALM, called tcPALM, Ciss can get direct access to the clustering dynamics for the first time.

Recently, Ciss used tcPALM to show that the transcriptional enzyme RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) clusters for just a few seconds as transcription begins. The result is surprising, given that it takes several minutes for a full RNA sequence to be synthesized. When Ciss suppressed and then reactivated transcription just before imaging, he observed Pol II clustering at unusually high concentrations. When he blocked Pol II from escaping the promoter and transcribing the DNA, the cluster of Pol II around the promoter didn't dissipate.

See the rest here:
Unraveling the mystery of DNA transcription, one molecule at a time

Posted in Genetic Engineering | Comments Off on Unraveling the mystery of DNA transcription, one molecule at a time

DNA BOMB WITH IMR ON RIOT – Video

Posted: at 7:49 am


DNA BOMB WITH IMR ON RIOT
SOLO Call of Duty Advanced Warfare https://store.sonyentertainmentnetwork.com/#!/tid=CUSA00851_00.

By: MSMU22

View original post here:
DNA BOMB WITH IMR ON RIOT - Video

Posted in DNA | Comments Off on DNA BOMB WITH IMR ON RIOT – Video

Advanced Warfare DNA Bomb On Ascend 37-3 – Video

Posted: at 7:49 am


Advanced Warfare DNA Bomb On Ascend 37-3
Gameplay by - https://www.youtube.com/user/ImmortalResistance https://twitter.com/WhosImmortal Watch me LIVE! - http://bit.ly/JahovaStream Comment this video here - http://bit.ly/JahovaTwee...

By: JahovaWitniss

Go here to see the original:
Advanced Warfare DNA Bomb On Ascend 37-3 - Video

Posted in DNA | Comments Off on Advanced Warfare DNA Bomb On Ascend 37-3 – Video

COD: AW – 25 "Double DNA Bombs" of Christmas! Day 1 – Solo 113 Kills! – Video

Posted: at 7:49 am


COD: AW - 25 "Double DNA Bombs" of Christmas! Day 1 - Solo 113 Kills!
Hope you all enjoy the video! Be sure to give me commentary topics in the comments and don #39;t forget if we hit 60 likes i #39;ll do another commentary! Follow me - http://twitter.com/clueshh.

By: Clues

Visit link:
COD: AW - 25 "Double DNA Bombs" of Christmas! Day 1 - Solo 113 Kills! - Video

Posted in DNA | Comments Off on COD: AW – 25 "Double DNA Bombs" of Christmas! Day 1 – Solo 113 Kills! – Video

ZANG SANG M16 DNA – Video

Posted: at 7:49 am


ZANG SANG M16 DNA

By: zang sang

See more here:
ZANG SANG M16 DNA - Video

Posted in DNA | Comments Off on ZANG SANG M16 DNA – Video

My First DNA Bomb | W/ out Scavenger – Video

Posted: at 7:49 am


My First DNA Bomb | W/ out Scavenger
Hello Youtube my names Nick, And in this video you get to see my first DNA BOMB , And i talk about DNAS. Hope you enjoy , 15 Likes ? Thanks For watching another one of my videos| Please...

By: Nuke

Go here to read the rest:
My First DNA Bomb | W/ out Scavenger - Video

Posted in DNA | Comments Off on My First DNA Bomb | W/ out Scavenger – Video

AW: 84-4 on Solar with the AK12 DNA bomb"how to get a DNA BOMB" (gameplay/commentary) – Video

Posted: at 7:49 am


AW: 84-4 on Solar with the AK12 DNA bomb"how to get a DNA BOMB" (gameplay/commentary)
84-4 on Solar with the AK12, if you enjoyed please like and subscribe.

By: Jmooy HD

View original post here:
AW: 84-4 on Solar with the AK12 DNA bomb"how to get a DNA BOMB" (gameplay/commentary) - Video

Posted in DNA | Comments Off on AW: 84-4 on Solar with the AK12 DNA bomb"how to get a DNA BOMB" (gameplay/commentary) – Video

DNA tests of bones reveals new details about King Richard III

Posted: at 7:48 am

Researchers know he died in battle and had back trouble. Now, DNA analysis has shed light on what Richard III looked like -- and raised surprising questions about the rightful passage of the crown after his tragically short reign ended in 1485.

In a study published Tuesday in Nature Communications, researchers said the DNA analyses found that the last English king to die in battle, some 500 years ago, most likely had blue eyes and blond hair, closing more of the historical gaps in what we know of the mysterious monarch.

A twisted skeleton was first discovered under a church parking lot back in 2012, setting off a CSI-like investigation into whether it was indeed Richard III. Five months later, DNA evidence proved it was the king.

The new research carved out previously unknown genetic details about the royal find.

"We were able to zoom in on 11 genes with 24 little differences in those genes that can help us predict what somebody's hair and eye color is going to be," said University of Leicester geneticist Turi King, who in earlier work had found matches between DNA from the skeleton and two direct descendants of Richard III on the female line.

A portrait of King Richard III.

AP Photo/University of Leicester

"He has got a 96 percent probability that he had blue eyes - so a very high probability he had blue eyes - and a 77 percent probability of blond hair," she said. "This would have been childhood hair color. It can darken with age. But taking the genetic predictions, we would suggest the most closely matching portraits is the arch-framed portrait in the Society of Antiquaries of London [shown at left] because it has blue eyes and a lighter color of hair."

Other portraits, which depicted the king with dark eyes and dark hair, have been proved less accurate.

Go here to see the original:
DNA tests of bones reveals new details about King Richard III

Posted in DNA | Comments Off on DNA tests of bones reveals new details about King Richard III

DNA Confirms: Here Lieth Richard III, Under Yon Parking Lot

Posted: at 7:48 am

Ancient bones discovered under a parking lot have been confirmed as those of the medieval king Richard III, through a DNA test that also raises questions about the legitimacy of Henry VIII and other famous English royals.

The team of genetics detectives reported Tuesday that DNA from the skeleton shows that the bones were Richard III's, with a likelihood of 99.9994 percent. This is the first genetic identification of a particular individual so long after death527 years.

Archaeologists had peeled back a parking lot in 2012 to excavate the skeleton, which was among buried relics of the Greyfriars Friary in Leicester, England, long the reputed burial site of Richard III. (See "The Real Richard III.")

Most people know the hunched-shouldered king through Shakespeare's play Richard III, in which the maligned ruler utters such memorable lines as "Now is the winter of our discontent/Made glorious summer by this son of York," and "A horse! A horse! My kingdom for a horse!"

Earlier this year, a forensic study of the remains revealed that the doomed kingthe last English monarch to die in combatsuffered 11 wounds at the time of his death, in a 1485 battle with the Tudors that ended England's War of the Roses

But there had been lingering questions about whether the skeleton was really that of Richard III.

"The evidence directly indicates that these are the remains of Richard III," says geneticist Turi King of the University of Leicester in the U.K., who led the team reporting the results in the journal Nature Communications. (Related: "Richard III Mania: Understanding a Kingly Obsession.")

The scientists examined DNA inherited along maternal lines, known as mitochondrial DNA, from two distantly related modern-day relatives of Richard III's sister. That DNA is a near perfect match for the maternal genes of the hunchbacked skeleton buried at the friary. What's more, the DNA was "unusual," King adds, containing stretches that don't quite match anything in registries of European genes.

A statistical analysis led by David Balding and Mark Thomas of University College London took those genetic results and calculated the chances that a man of Richard III's age with battle wounds and a curved spine could turn up at Greyfriars and not be the slain king. They conservatively estimated that chance at 6.7 million to 1.

"It is surprising how many people initially argued that these skeletal remains weren't those of Richard III," says bioanthropologist Piers Mitchell of the U.K.'s University of Cambridge, who was not part of the study team. "Well, here it is."

More:
DNA Confirms: Here Lieth Richard III, Under Yon Parking Lot

Posted in DNA | Comments Off on DNA Confirms: Here Lieth Richard III, Under Yon Parking Lot

December 1st – Robin Ince – Cosmic Genome Science Advent Calendar – Video

Posted: at 7:47 am


December 1st - Robin Ince - Cosmic Genome Science Advent Calendar
Robin Ince invites you to stare in a mirror in the Dec 1st edition of the Cosmic Genome Science Advent Calendar. Every day a new free science clip from the good people at Cosmic Genome. Head...

By: The Incomplete Map of the Cosmic Genome

Read more:
December 1st - Robin Ince - Cosmic Genome Science Advent Calendar - Video

Posted in Genome | Comments Off on December 1st – Robin Ince – Cosmic Genome Science Advent Calendar – Video

Page 2,907«..1020..2,9062,9072,9082,909..2,9202,930..»