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The Medical Biochemistry Page

Posted: February 7, 2015 at 12:43 am

Traduccin al Espaol Site Map Resources Pages Basic Chemistry of Amino Acids Basic Chemistry of Carbohydrates Basic Chemistry of Lipids Basic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids Ionic Equilibria Review Thermodynamics Review Biological Membranes and Transport Protein Structure and Analysis Hemoglobin and Myoglobin Enzyme Kinetics Vitamins: Micronutrients Minerals: Micronutrients Glycolysis: Regulating Blood Glucose Fructose Metabolism Ethanol (Alcohol) Metabolism Non-Glucose Sugar Metabolism Gluconeogenesis Glycogen Metabolism AMPK: Master Metabolic Regulator The TCA Cycle and PDH Pentose Phosphate Pathway Oxidative Phosphorylation Fatty Acid and Triglyceride Metabolism Bioactive Lipids & Lipid Receptors Sphingolipid & Ceramide Metabolism Eicosanoids: PGs, TXs, LTs, and LXs Omega-3 & -6 Fatty Acid Functions Lipid-Derived Inflammatory Modulators Lipolysis & Fatty Acid Oxidation The Endocannabinoids Krill oils: Clinical Benefits Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycans The Extracellular Matrix Nucleotide Metabolism Nitrogen Metabolism & the Urea Cycle Amino Acid Metabolism Amino Acid Derivatives Last updated February 5, 2015 Recent Updates: February 2015 Dietary Supplement Science Diseases and Disorders Pages Iron, Heme & Porphyrin Metabolism Adipose Tissue: Not Just Fat Gut-Brain: Control of Feeding Behaviors Obesity: Metabolic Consequences The Metabolic Syndrome: MetS Insulin Action Diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Ketoacidosis Dipeptidylpeptidase 4, DPP4 Nuclear Receptors in Metabolism PPAR, PPAR/, PPAR Liver X receptors, LXRs Farnesoid X receptors, FXRs PGC-1 Cholesterol Metabolism Bile Acid Synthesis & Functions Lipoproteins DNA Metabolism RNA Metabolism Protein Synthesis Protein Modifications and Targeting Glycoproteins: Clinical Correlations Table of Common Vertebrate Hormones Steroid Hormones and Receptors Peptide Hormones and Receptors Biochemistry of Nerve Transmission Control of Gene Expression The Cell Cycle Blood Coagulation Muscle Biochemistry Growth Factors and Cytokines Signal Transduction Molecular Tools of Medicine Wnt, TGF, and BMP Signaling Oncogenes and Cancer Tumor Suppressors and Cancer

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The Medical Biochemistry Page

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Genetic Disease: Get the Definition of These Disorders

Posted: at 12:43 am

What is a genetic disease?

A genetic disease is any disease that is caused by an abnormality in an individual's genome. The abnormality can range from minuscule to major -- from a discrete mutation in a single base in the DNA of a single gene to a gross chromosome abnormality involving the addition or subtraction of an entire chromosome or set of chromosomes. Some genetic disorders are inherited from the parents, while other genetic diseases are caused by acquired changes or mutations in a preexisting gene or group of genes. Mutations occur either randomly or due to some environmental exposure.

There are a number of different types of genetic inheritance, including the following four modes:

Single gene inheritance, also called Mendelian or monogenetic inheritance. This type of inheritance is caused by changes or mutations that occur in the DNA sequence of a single gene. There are more than 6,000 known single-gene disorders, which occur in about 1 out of every 200 births. These disorders are known as monogenetic disorders (disorders of a single age).

Some examples of monogenetic disorders include:

Single-gene disorders are inherited in recognizable patterns: autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked.

Medically Reviewed by a Doctor on 1/15/2014

Genetic Disease - Symptoms Question: What were the symptoms of a genetic disease in you or a relative?

Genetic Disease - Screening Question: Have you been screened for a genetic disease? Please share your story.

Genetic Disease - Personal Experience Question: Is there a genetic disease in your family? Please share your experience.

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Genetic Disease: Get the Definition of These Disorders

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The Most Libertarian Act Of Civil Disobedience – Video

Posted: at 12:43 am


The Most Libertarian Act Of Civil Disobedience
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The Most Libertarian Act Of Civil Disobedience - Video

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politically incorrect me – Political correctness – the …

Posted: at 12:43 am

Political correctness has replaced British Politics! News panel

Just a note to point out that the global financial meltdown we are experiencing now can be placed fairly and squarely at the feet of political correctness and social engineering - courtesy of the now ruling Democratic Party in the USA. While this fact is well known over there, you won't hear it mentioned in the UK, beyond Gordon Brown's mumble "..global financial crisis ... started in America...". Perhaps someone should ask him how and why it started in America! You don't believe me? Read about it and watch a video here

If you agree with what you read here, please help civilisation by linking to this site whenever and wherever you can. After all (to paraphrase Edmund Burke) for political correctness to triumph it only requires that sensible people do nothing!

Have you ever stopped to wonder why 40% of people don't bother to vote anymore? Have you ever stopped to wonder why, which ever party is in power, nothing ever gets any better? Have you ever stopped to wonder why all the three major political parties in the UK have broadly the same policies? The answer is simple - political correctness. This left wing ideology has very cleverly, and by stealth, replaced British politics. The PC Brigade effectively hold a gun to the head of political parties - none of the main parties now dare suggest any policy that is not politically correct otherwise the PC Brigade will label them the 'nasty' party. Witness the Conservative party policy U turns. In a desperate effort to lose their 'nasty' party label they have become Blue Labour, a slightly diluted form of New Labour!

So we now have the three main parties all occupying the same small piece of 'centre ground'. Many people don't vote on the grounds that it is pointless - you will get the same whoever wins. Some people don't vote because they realise that politically correct policies are what has got us into this mess in the first place.

Other people don't vote because they realise that career politicians are a self seeking, corrupt bunch of freeloaders who they wouldn't trust to run their whelk stall while they were on holiday. Notice that I say career politicians - this is the new breed of politicians that haven't ever entered the real world of work. They have left school, gone to university and then blagged a job as a 'research assistant' to a MP before realising that with most of our laws now made abroad, the job was such a well paid doddle that they could do it themselves. They have never had to hold down a proper job, they have no management or other skills, hold no real political views and tend to migrate to whichever party looks most likely to win power. To survive in this fantasy environment all you need to do is to be politically correct. You can read more about this, the political parties and how the New Labour ministers got there under Politicians/ Parties on the navigation bar.

So what is political correctness, how did it start and how did it become so successful? Political correctness is first and foremost an attack on free speech, clear thinking and discussion. Political correctness is perpetrated by the left in politics as a cover for their flawed ideology - a sort of cultural Marxism. By cloaking their strange ideas under the cover of not wishing to offend anyone (which naturally appeals to peoples' better nature), they try to bypass debate and give a 'received wisdom' which must not be questioned. And anyone who disagrees with this 'received wisdom' must therefore be a really nasty person and deserves to be ostracised by their peers. This peer pressure is instrumental in enforcing and expanding political correctness.

For example, if you question whether unfettered immigration into this country is necessarily a good thing or perhaps whether immigrants should be health checked, then you must be a nasty bigoted 'Little Englander'. Come on everyone - shout him down with cries of 'racist'. Of course, only the hard of thinking could be drawn into this charade - anyone with an ounce of common sense can see right through it.

So how did it all start? Political Correctness started in a think tank (called The Frankfurt School) in Germany in 1923. The purpose was to find a solution to the biggest problem facing the implementers of communism in Russia. Why wasn't the wonderful idea of communism spreading? Read the short history here, the full history and purpose here or watch a 22 minute documentary here.

The Frankfurt school recommended (amongst other things):

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Censorship and Propaganda in the Gulf War: How Government Can Mold Public Opinion – Video

Posted: at 12:42 am


Censorship and Propaganda in the Gulf War: How Government Can Mold Public Opinion
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Censorship and Propaganda in the Gulf War: How Government Can Mold Public Opinion - Video

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Nudism | Nudity | Young Nudists | Young Naturists America YNA

Posted: at 12:42 am

Young Naturists and Young Nudists America (or YNA for short) is a young nudism-focused organization for all socially nude and naked friendly people interested in naturism, nudism and nudie related activities.

Guest Blog: Making A Nudist Documentary with YNA Note from Jordan & Felicity: About two months ago, we were contacted by a film student from Pratt Institute. Her name was Dana, and as her final project for one of her classes, she wanted to make a short documentary about YNA / naturism. We agreed to Read More

YNA and Andy Golub Launch Kickstarter For BodyPainting Day 2015!!! (To donate click:Kickstarter campaign) July 26th, 2014 was a day to remember. Thirty artists painted 40 naked models, who then marched through NYC, sharing the art and spreading a message of body acceptance. The models were all shapes, sizes, colors and genders. The event captured Read More

A Woman Personal Battles with Breast Cancer, Mastectomy and Body Image By: Jordan Blum Courageous Mastectomy Interview With Rebecca The issue of body image and acceptance is something many people struggle with in society today. It becomes far more extreme when people are forced to alter or even remove body parts due to illness. As Read More

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Nudism | Nudity | Young Nudists | Young Naturists America YNA

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Facebook self-censorship: What happens to the posts you …

Posted: at 12:42 am

It's at this point that you reconsider your status update.

Photo by Slate

A couple of months ago, a friend of mine asked on Facebook:

We spend a lot of time thinking about what to post on Facebook. Should you argue that political point your high school friend made? Do your friends really want to see yet another photo of your cat (or baby)? Most of us have, at one time or another, started writing something and then, probably wisely, changed our minds.

Unfortunately, the code in your browser that powers Facebook still knows what you typedeven if you decide not to publish it.* It turns out that the things you explicitly choose not to share aren't entirely private.

Facebook calls these unposted thoughts "self-censorship," and insights into how it collects these nonposts can be found in a recent paper written by two Facebookers. Sauvik Das, a Ph.D. student at Carnegie Mellon and summer software engineer intern at Facebook, and Adam Kramer, a Facebook data scientist, have put online an article presenting their study of the self-censorship behavior collected from 5 million English-speaking Facebook users. (The paper was also published at the International Conference on Weblogs and Social Media.*) It reveals a lot about how Facebook monitors our unshared thoughts and what it thinks about them.

The study examined aborted status updates, posts on other people's timelines, and comments on others' posts. To collect the text you type, Facebook sends code to your browser. That code automatically analyzes what you type into any text box and reports metadata back to Facebook.

Storing text as you type isn't uncommon on other websites. For example, if you use Gmail, your draft messages are automatically saved as you type them. Even if you close the browser without saving, you can usually find a (nearly) complete copy of the email you were typing in your Drafts folder. Facebook is using essentially the same technology here. The difference is that Google is saving your messages to help you. Facebook users don't expect their unposted thoughts to be collected, nor do they benefit from it.

Facebook, on the other hand, is analyzing thoughts that we have intentionally chosen not to share.

It is not clear to the average reader how this data collection is covered by Facebook's privacy policy. In Facebooks Data Use Policy, under a section called "Information we receive and how it is used," its made clear that the company collects information you choose to share or when you "view or otherwise interact with things. But nothing suggests that it collects content you explicitly dont share. Typing and deleting text in a box could be considered a type of interaction, but I suspect very few of us would expect that data to be saved. When I reached out to Facebook, a representative told me that the company believes this self-censorship is a type of interaction covered by the policy.

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China steps up internet censorship, disrupts VPN providers who circumvent firewalls

Posted: at 12:42 am

China is tightening its grip on the internet by requiring internet users to register their real names for some internet services and disrupting the services of businesses that give people the tools to circumvent the "Great Firewall".

According to China's internet regulator, the Cyberspace Administration of China, the new registration rule will apply to people who use services such as blogs, instant messaging services and online discussion forums.

It is partially aimed at weeding out users with misleading online handles such as "Putin" and "People's Daily".

The onus will be on internet companies to enforce these new regulations which begin on March 1, meaning they will incur extra costs in order to comply with the order.

Chinese internet companies that run Weibo, the country's equivalent of Twitter which has 60 million active daily users, were ordered to implement real name registrations in 2012.

Jason Ng, who analyses online censorship at The University of Toronto's Citizen Lab, said that caused some online users to self-censor because of the added risk of getting into trouble.

The latest announcement follows a disruption of three providers of virtual private networks (VPN) that are popular in China.

Internet users who install VPNs on their mobile phones or computers can access content that cannot be seen or used in China such as Facebook, Google, and some foreign news websites.

Having a VPN also means users can read posts that have been erased from Weibo.

This is because VPNs create a path that enables people to jump over the virtual Chinese firewall.

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China steps up internet censorship, disrupts VPN providers who circumvent firewalls

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For Rand Paul, a rude awakening to the rigors of a national campaign

Posted: at 12:42 am

Rand Pauls plan to get himself elected president relies on two long-shot bets coming true.

So far, neither one seems to be going well.

Pauls first wager is that his libertarian-ish ideas will manage to attract Republicans mad about regulation and Democrats mad about government spying forming an entirely new American voting bloc. The leave-me-alone coalition, Paul calls it.

The second bet is a bet on Paul himself a wager that hes an unusually talented politician persuasive enough to build a coalition out of groups that have never viewed themselves as allies.

This week, Pauls ideas put him at the middle of a national controversy when he applied his trademark libertarian, skeptical thinking to the question of childhood vaccines. They should be largely voluntary, Paul said, as a matter of freedom. He also said he had heard of children who wound up with profound mental disorders after vaccines.

At times, he has seemed uninterested in or unprepared for the basic tasks of being a national politician.

For instance, this week he shushed a female interviewer on national TV. After his vaccine comments drew angry reactions, he accused the media of misconstruing his remarks about vaccines and mental disorders.

I did not say vaccines caused disorders, just that they were temporally related, Paul said in a statement. I did not allege causation.

Paul could not be reached for comment for this article, and e-mails seeking comment from aides at his political action committee, RANDPAC, were not returned. A spokesman for Pauls Senate office, when asked whether Paul could comment about his missteps this week, wrote back with a one-word message.

Seriously? spokesman Brian Darling wrote.

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Rand Paul kicks off first event in Iowa

Posted: at 12:42 am

Story highlights Rand Paul makes first 2015 trip to Iowa, home of first presidential caucuses He's trying to build a broad coalition of voters, but says he hasn't strayed far from his roots

"You're going to get a choice on who the nominee is for the Republican Party. You're going to have 9, 10, 15, 20 who are eager to go and want troops on the ground," he said, talking about the war against Islamic extremism. "They want 100,000 troops on the ground. Right now. In all the countries."

The Kentucky Republican had a rough week but found a friendly audience Friday night headlining an "Audit the Fed" rally at Jasper Winery in Des Moines, an event packed with many of his father's supporters and hosted by a group called Liberty Iowa.

It was a curious strategy for a man who's trying to build a broad coalition of voters behind him, but he assured supporters that he hasn't strayed far from his roots.

"Some of you may remember I sued the President," he said, pointing to a lawsuit he launched last year against the National Security Agency over its bulk metadata collection effort.

He didn't, however, mention that the lawsuit has been put on hold, or that he voted against a reform package in Congress last year because he felt it didn't go far enough in tweaking the agency.

Paul, who faced criticism this week over comments expressing doubt about the effectiveness of vaccinations and took heat over drama involving one of his advisers, is in Iowa on a quick two-day swing that puts him in front of familiar audiences.

Following the "Audit the Fed" rally Friday night, he attends the Iowa State University men's basketball game Saturday, as well as a watch party with young voters and a meet-and-greet with freshman Rep. Rod Blum.

Paul is one of many Republicans who will barnstorm the state in the coming months, seeking support ahead of Iowa's first-in-the-nation presidential nominating contest a year from now. While it's his first time in the state this year, Paul visited Iowa five times last cycle, and has indicated he plans to make the state a big part of his 2016 strategy.

His father, ex-Texas Rep. Ron Paul, built a solid foundation of supporters in Iowa during his 2008 and 2012 campaigns, a base that Paul is trying to court while also making inroads with the mainstream and socially conservative Republicans in the state.

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Rand Paul kicks off first event in Iowa

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