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Futurist

Posted: September 3, 2016 at 11:30 pm

FUTURIST has emerged as one of the foremost and leading vendor for providing IT & Telecom services &solutions to mission critical industries from Pakistan and planning to expand across the world; This platforms supposed to accomplish accomplice in your road to success by starting offering professional service in the field of networking and communication.By adopting the role of trusted partner we respond to needs with integrity and with a high degree of professionalism, whilst recognizing the need for absolute discretion.

FUTURIST is working with public and private setups in the field of planning, engineering and implementation of IT & Telecom networks along-with allied infrastructures by filling the gap of professionalism, honesty, dedication & commitment. We have earned the respect from customers by offering cost effective solution while keeping the best quality and truly fulfilling commitment beyond the customer expectations.

FUTURIST has initially opened many fronts in term of product supplies and services ranging fiber optic, Test & Measurement Instruments, Metro/Access Network Solution, IP based networking Solutions, IP based Micro-wave solutions, Security & Surveillance, Telecom AC/DC Power Solutions and Green Energy Solution.

An optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) is a precision instrument used to locate events or faults along a fiber link, typically within an optical communications network. The OTDR launches a series of high speed optical pulses into the fiber to

The S178A is fast and durable, it continues the FITEL tradition of quality and excellence by deliveringprecise and accurate splices even under rigorous field conditions. The S178A is equipped with a core alignment system that can complete a splice in

Keeping with the current trend of full integration in the migration of IP and broadband, OPNET Technologies presents ULC-1000AN MSAN, Multi-Services Access Gateway. It can be configured to deploy a wide range of narrowband and broadband voice and data applications,

The AQ1300 series is a compact and lightweight Ethernet tester that is designed to improve both work efficiency and quality at the same time, with function optimized for the network path testing and maintenance of Ethernet networks up to 1G

AN-XX isAeonNs Digital video fiber optical multiplexerfamily(or called Digital Video Optical Modem/Converter, CCTV/CATV transmitter and receiver) has over 20 models of products.Ittransmission1,2,4,8,16,32,64 channel uncompressed digital video, 1,2,4channel Hi-Fi stereo audio, 1~8 channelRS232/RS422/RS485 data over one single fiber cable. Provide one

FUTURISTFiber optic transmission systemsare frequently used in CCTV installations for transmittingCCTV video over fiber, PTZ camera control data, access control communications, intercom communications, and many other purposes. Main advantage of using fiber optic communications is longer transmission distances when compared

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The Futurist Magazine – World Future Society

Posted: at 11:30 pm

**THE FUTURIST Magazine will be transforming into a new kind of digital publication. Stay tuned!**

Click here to view an archive of past issues (member sign in required).

THE FUTURIST was a bimonthly magazine published from 1967 - Summer 2015 by the World Future Society. It was also available on newsstands coast to coast in the United States. The focus of THE FUTURIST was innovation, creative thinking, and emerging trends in the social, economic, and technological areas.

Among the many influential futurists and experts who contributed to THE FUTURIST include: Gene Roddenberry, Al Gore, Newt Gingrich, Alvin and Heidi Toffler, Buckminster Fuller, Frederik Pohl, Isaac Asimov, Vaclav Havel, Margaret Mead, Robert McNamara, B.F Skinner, Nicholas Negroponte, Arthur C. Clarke, Douglas Rushkoff, David Walker, Glenn T. Seaborg, Clay Shirky, and Robert James Woolsey.

THE FUTURIST magazines print edition was one of the world's most popular publications about the future. THE FUTURIST featured the writing of inventor Ray Kurzweil, management experts Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, technology "maverick" Kevin Kelly, marketing guru Seth Godin, nature writer Richard Louv, futurist Paul Saffo, science fiction authors David Brin and Brenda Cooper, Internet-freedom scholar Evgeny Morozov, environmentalist and MacAuthur Fellow Lester Brown, nanotechnology pioneer K. Eric Drexler and roboticist and TED fellow Rodney Brooks among many other thought leaders.

THE FUTURIST was nominated for an Utne Independent Press Award for Best Science and Technology Coverage.

Content distribution channels have fundamentally evolved over the last two decades. As futurists, we have long been talking about the disruptions to traditional industries as a result of digital technology. The publishing industry is no different. Today, print publications are high-cost, low-return efforts compared to digital publication. And today, there is no shortage of exceptional future-focused content circulating online from dozens of reputable sources. We want our readership to have access to the best content, whether that content is created in-house or by the future-minded thinkers outside of our built-in network. As a result, we will no longer be publishing and distributing a physical magazine. The Futurist will be transforming into a new kind of digital publication: an aggregator of curated and future-focused online content, combined with news and analysis from members who have blog articles and op-eds to contribute. The Futurist has been the World Future Society's trademark content offering for 50 years, and we expect it will be for another 50 years

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Cubism and Futurism Abstract Art – imodern.com

Posted: September 2, 2016 at 5:41 am

These are the two movements, with more or less abstract tendencies, that first influenced the majority of experimental artists in this country, beginning about 1913 when both movements were at their height.

Cubism and Futurism, both of which had a great influence in the United States derives from the researches of Cezanne and Seurat. The beginnings of Cubism date back to about 1908 under the twin aegis of Picasso and Braque.

In the case of Cubism, the primitivist, instinctual content of Gauguin's and van Goh's paintings and the later discovery of the barbaric, expressive power of Negro sculpture played an important part in such an early cubist picture of Picasso's as his Les Demoiselles d'Avignon. And however much Picasso and his cubist followers tended to limit their researches to the still life, they never divorced themselves completely from the sentimental, even romantic, implications of their chosen subject matters the paraphernalia of the studio, musical instruments, the guitar, mandolin and violin and the characters out of the old commedia dell'arte associated with such instruments, Harlequin, Columbine and Pierrot.

Despite such emotional or non-rational elements in cubist painting, however, its rational motivation must still be said to have remained uppermQst. It consisted in a process of analytical abstraction of several planes of an object to present a synthetic, simultaneous view of it.

And by directing the formal planes of this synthetic view towards the observer rather than making them retreat by traditional perspective principles into an illusionistic space, the picture frame no longer acted as a window leading the eye into the distance but as a boundary enclosing a limited area of canvas or panel. In the so-called analytical phase of Cubism, painting tended also to be monochromatic, presumably to avoid as much as possible any sensuous or naturalistic reference to color.

The leading Cubists, Picasso and Braque, refused to take abstraction further than this point and actually in time climbed down from their pinnacle of analytical experiment to a more decorative, sensuous plateau. They left the final step of total geometrical abstraction to others.

Another proto-abstract movement, an anti-rational offshoot of Cubism, Futurism was launched by the Italian Futurists about 1910. Rebelling against the cubist analysis of static form, the Futurists were above all inspired by the dynamism of the machine, which they proceeded to glorify and to make a central tenet in their artistic credo. Man to the Futurist must accept the machine and emulate its ruthless power. By way of emulation they attempted to paint movement by indicating abstract lines of force and schematic stages in the progress of a moving image. And furthermore, in some instances they sought to involve the observer in their pictures by viewing movement from an interior position-the inside of a trolley car, for example-thus denying, as the Cubists did, formal laws of perspective.

Where the Cubists strove to eliminate three-dimensional space and thus bring the image in the picture closer to the observer, although still at a distance, the Futurists attempted to suck the observer into a pictorial vortex. The greatest difference between these two proto-abstract movements, however, is that the one, Cubism, is concerned with forms in static relationships while Futurism is concerned with them in a kinetic state.

Furthermore, the Cubists, with few exceptions, paid no attention to the machine, as such, while the Futurists, as we have said, glorified it.

The cubist movement, significantly, had no overt political implications and indulged in no manifestoes.

The Futurists, on the other hand, worshipped naked energy for its own sake and in their writings pointed forward to the power-drunk ideology of Fascism.

The Cubists, it may be said, immured themselves from any contact with the public by shutting themselves up in their studio laboratories.

The Futurists came out into the market place and demagogically attempted to appeal to the man in the trolley car. If their pictures today seem dry and doctrinaire to some of us, the ideological appeal of Futurism and its political partner, Fascism, was, we are all uncomfortably aware, quite the reverse.

Furthermore, the generally rational-minded Cubist contented himself as we have noted with the still-life materials of his studio for subject matter and abstract dissection, whereas the futurist picture falls mainly into the category of landscape and figure compositions, however urban and mechanical the emphasis.

Davis' Lucky Strike abstract art from 1921 is a good example of Cubism.

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Reaching Singularity: Physicist Asserts We Will Never Truly …

Posted: August 30, 2016 at 10:53 pm

Consciousness Conundrum

One of the most probable ways we will reach the Singularity is with computers that mimic our brains. But to achieve that, we will have to tackle one of the bigger mysteries of life: consciousness. What it is, how it works, and why it works will have to be answered if we want to put our brains into computers.

Sadly, we may not be able to answer those questions. Edward Witten, a bigly-regarded physicist, is of the view that we wont be able to decipher consciousness, and that it will always remain a mystery tous.

In an interview with journalist Wim Kayzer, Witten had this to say about our understanding of consciousness:

Biologists and perhaps physicists will understand much better how the brain works. But why something that we call consciousness goes with those workings, I think that will remain mysterious. I have a much easier time imagining how we understand the Big Bang than I have imagining how we can understand consciousness

Understanding the function of the brain is a very exciting problem in which probably there will be a lot of progress during the next few decades. Thats not out of reach. But I think there probably will remain a level of mystery regarding why the brain is functioning in the ways that we can see it, why it creates consciousness or whatever you want to call it. How it functions in the way a conscious human being functions will become clear.But what it is we are experiencing when we are experiencing consciousness, I see as remaining a mystery

Perhaps it wont remain a mystery if there is a modification in the laws of physics as they apply to the brain. I think thats very unlikely. I am skeptical that its going to be a part of physics.

If you dont want to watch the wholevideo interview with Witten, the relevant part begins at 1:10:25.

Witten is saying that, we either already understand, or will someday understand, the processes behind thinking, learning, feeling, and doing. However, we will never understand the higher philosophy of consciousness. We may know that we are conscious, but not why.In essence, understanding thehow of consciousnesswill be achievable and knowable, while the whyswill remain out of our grasp.

While we would be inclined to trust the man who has been called the modern day Einstein, others point out that Witten could be wrong, though. John Horgan from Scientific American writes,

Just because Witten is a genius does not mean he is infallible. He is wrong, I believe, that string theory will eventually be validated, and he could be wrong that consciousness will never be explained.

We will just have to wait and see if our consciousness can tackle the philosophy of itself.

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How Media Censorship Affects the News You See

Posted: August 29, 2016 at 7:30 am

Media censorship takes many forms in the way you get your news. While news stories are often edited for length, there are many choices that are made that are designed to keep some information from becoming public. Sometimes these decisions are made to safeguard a person's privacy, others to protect media outlets from corporate or political fallout.

This is probably the least controversial form of media censorship.

When a minor commits a crime, his identity is concealed to protect him from future harm -- so he isn't turned down from getting a college education or a job. That changes if a minor is charged as an adult, like in the case of violent crime.

Most media outlets also conceal the identity of rape victims, so those people don't have to endure public humiliation. That was not the case for a brief period at NBC News, when it decided in 1991 to identify the woman accusing William Kennedy Smith (part of the powerful Kennedy clan) of raping her. NBC later reverted to the common practice of secrecy.

Every day, someone commits a heinous act of violence or sexual depravity. In newsrooms across the country, editors have to decide whether saying a victim "was assaulted" suffices in describing what happened.

In most instances, it does not. So a choice has to be made on how to describe the details of a crime in a way that helps the audience understand its atrocity without offending readers or viewers, especially children.

It's a fine line. In the case of Jeffrey Dahmer, the way he killed more than a dozen people was considered so sick that the graphic details were part of the story.

That was also true when news editors were faced with the sexual details of Pres. Bill Clinton's relationship with Monica Lewinsky and the accusations of sexual harassment Anita Hill made about then-U.S.

Supreme Court justice nominee Clarence Thomas. Words that no editor had ever thought of printing or a newscaster had ever considered uttering were necessary to explain the story.

Those are the exceptions. In most cases, editors will cross out information of an extremely violent or sexual nature, not to sanitize the news, but to keep from offending the audience.

The U.S. military, intelligence and diplomatic operations function with a certain amount of secrecy. That confidentiality is regularly challenged by whistleblowers, anti-government groups or others who want to remove the lid on various aspects of U.S. government.

In 1971, The New York Times published what's commonly called the Pentagon Papers, secret Defense Department documents detailing the problems of American involvement in the Vietnam War in ways the media had never reported. The Nixon administration went to court in a failed attempt to keep the leaked documents from being published.

Decades later, WikiLeaks and its founder Julian Assange are under fire for posting more than a quarter million secret U.S.

documents, many involving national security. When The New York Times published these U.S. State Department papers, the U.S. Air Force responded by blocking the newspaper's website from its computers.

These examples show that media owners face a difficult relationship with the government. When they approve stories containing potentially embarassing information, government officials often try to censor it.

Media companies are supposed to serve the public interest. Sometimes that's at odds with the conglomerate owners who control traditional media voices.

Such was the case when The New York Times reported that executives from MSNBC owner General Electric and Fox News Channel owner News Corporation decided it wasn't in their corporate interests to allow on-air hosts Keith Olbermann and Bill O'Reilly to trade on-air attacks. While the jabs seemed mostly personal, there was news that came out of them.

The Times reported that O'Reilly uncovered that General Electric was doing business in Iran. Although legal, G.E. later said it had stopped. A cease-fire between the hosts probably wouldn't have produced that information, which is newsworthy despite the apparent motivation for getting it.

Cable TV giant Comcast faces a unique charge of censorship. Shortly after the Federal Communications Commission approved its takeover of NBC Universal, it hired FCC commissioner Meredith Attwell Baker who had voted for the merger.

While some denounced the move as a conflict of interest, a single tweet is what unleashed Comcast's wrath. A worker at a summer film camp for teenage girls questioned the hiring through Twitter. Comcast responded by yanking $18,000 in funding for the camp.

The company later apologized and offered to restore its contribition. Camp officials say they want to be able to speak freely without being hushed by corporations.

Critics often lambast media for having political bias. While viewpoints on the editorial pages are clear to see, the link between politics and censorship is harder to spot.

The ABC news program Nightline once devoted its broadcast to reading the names of more than 700 U.S. servicemen and women killed in Iraq. What appeared to be a solemn tribute to military sacrifice was interpreted as a politically-motivated, anti-war stunt by Sinclair Broadcast Group, which didn't allow the program to be seen on the seven ABC stations it owned.

Sinclair is the same company that a media watchdog group says called more than 100 members of Congress "censorship advocates" for raising concerns to the FCC about Sinclair's plans to air the film Stolen Honor. That production was blasted for being propaganda against then-presidential candidate John Kerry.

Sinclair responded by saying it wanted to air the documentary after the major networks refused to show it. In the end, bowing to pressure on several fronts, the company aired a revised version that only included parts of the film.

Communist countries that once stopped the free flow of information may have largely disappeared, but even in America censorship issues keep some news from reaching you. With the explosion of citizen journalism and internet platforms, the truth will now have an easier way of getting out.

2016 About, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Ron Paul backs tea party challenger Chris McDaniel in …

Posted: at 7:30 am

Paul says the candidate supports 'smaller government and more personal liberties.'

By Associated Press

06/09/14 11:36 AM EDT

Former presidential candidate Ron Paul on Monday added his name to the list of tea party supporters of Chris McDaniel's effort to deny longtime Republican Sen. Thad Cochran of Mississippi a seventh term.

McDaniel and Cochran were heading toward a June 24 runoff that illustrates the split within the GOP between its anti-establishment, tea party-flavored wing and its more staid establishment base. Neither candidate captured the required 50 percent of the vote in last week's primary.

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Tea party and anti-tax groups have rushed to McDaniel's side in an effort to block Cochran's reelection. FreedomWorks, the Club for Growth and the Tea Party Express have sent cash and staff to Mississippi to help McDaniel.

The winner of the runoff faces former Rep. Travis Childers, a Democrat.

"Chris McDaniel has been a fighter in the Mississippi Senate for smaller government and more personal liberties," Paul said in a statement released through the McDaniel campaign.

Paul's son, GOP Sen. Rand Paul of Kentucky, has not backed a candidate in Mississippi.

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Transhumanism – .xyz

Posted: August 27, 2016 at 7:06 pm

Welcome to the website of Transhumanist Party (Global); A place where you can get news and information about the Transhumanist Party worldwide. The Transhumanist Party is the primary political branch of the broader Transhumanist movement.

If you are looking for links and information about the various national-level Transhumanist Party groups, please see the links in our wiki (further information on the wiki below).

The largest and most effectively organised Transhumanist Party in the world is currently the one constituted and registered in the UK. As of late 2015, anyone can JOIN the Party as a full voting member, regardless of what citizenship they hold or where they live in the world. You can find the Transhumanist Party here:

In an attempt to share the lessons learned in setting up the UK party, its founders created Transhumanist Party (Global) TPG as an organisation dedicated to supporting Transhumanist Parties around the world and encouraging effective cooperation between them. TPG does not hold any dominion over the national-level Transhumanist Parties, which manage their own affairs, but only exists to help them do so in a spirit of effective cooperation.

TPG MISSION: To facilitate cooperation between national-level Transhumanist Parties and continental TP organisations, and to enable party members worldwide to interact directly regardless of which national parties they support.

TP (Global) does not support individual membership. Instead, it is composed of continental and national-level party organisations, plus a small number of TPG initiatives. You can see all of these listed in the TPG wiki.

The primary, initial function of TPG is to help with the development of new national-level Transhumanist Parties. New parties start as precursor groups, dedicated to laying the groundwork for the establishment of a party, and all that is really needed for that is a single person with commitment, time, and energy.

For advice on establishing and developing new Transhumanist Party groups, please see advice for new groups in the TPG wiki, and if you would like direct help in setting up or developing a new group then please contact TPG: info@transhumanistpartyglobal.org.

The following information is from Using the TPG wiki:

You may be able to see this wiki, but not be able to see buttons allowing you to edit its pages. If that is the case, then you have either not yet requested access (everyone who requests is given editing access without good reason otherwise, for now), or you are not signed in to Google (look for a tiny blue sign in link at the bottom of the page).

If you are having trouble and would like to be sent an invitation to edit this wiki, please email info@transhumanistpartyglobal.org from the email address you would prefer to sign in with.

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Transhumanist Party | Facebook

Posted: at 7:06 pm

Friends, Have you heard off the 22-day push-up challenge? My good friend Mike La Caze nominated me to do it. Basically, one does 22 push-ups a day for 22 days t...o raise awareness for combat veterans (and we record our pushup experiences and share it). There are approximately 22 vets a day that are committing suicide, and this is a small way to raise awareness for that issue. As a journalist who has been to war zones and seen tragedy, I'm especially interested in making sure our soldiers are happy when they return home. The hope here is that awareness of this tragic issue brings more funding, resources, and support to the vets that need it when they face depression.

Everyday, I'm supposed to nominate somone else to do this too. Today I nominate Transhumanist Party officer and friend Chris T. Armstrong.

The rules are simple: * Once you are nominated your 22 days start the following day. * Every day, you record yourself doing 22 push-ups. Try your best to reach 22. If that means doing assisted (from your knees) push-ups or that you have to stop and take a break that's fine but try to get them all done in one video. * Every day you must nominate a different person. Try to choose people you think will want to do this and/or have the ability to do it. * And finally, have fun with this. This is a simple and fun way to get the word out about a matter that more people need to be aware about. **These brave men and women put their lives on the line to protect our freedom and it's sad that so many veterans feel that suicide is the only way out. For more information: http://stopsoldiersuicide.org/about/ #transhumanism #ScienceCandidate #Election2016 #POTUS #22PushupChallenge

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Human mitochondrial genetics – Wikipedia, the free …

Posted: August 25, 2016 at 4:19 pm

Human mitochondrial genetics is the study of the genetics of human mitochondrial DNA (the DNA contained in human mitochondria). The human mitochondrial genome is the entirety of hereditary information contained in human mitochondria. Mitochondria are small structures in cells that generate energy for the cell to use, and are hence referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is not transmitted through nuclear DNA (nDNA). In humans, as in most multicellular organisms, mitochondrial DNA is inherited only from the mother's ovum. There are theories, however, that paternal mtDNA transmission in humans can occur under certain circumstances.[1]

Mitochondrial inheritance is therefore non-Mendelian, as Mendelian inheritance presumes that half the genetic material of a fertilized egg (zygote) derives from each parent.

Eighty percent of mitochondrial DNA codes for mitochondrial RNA, and therefore most mitochondrial DNA mutations lead to functional problems, which may be manifested as muscle disorders (myopathies).

Because they provide 30 molecules of ATP per glucose molecule in contrast to the 2 ATP molecules produced by glycolysis, mitochondria are essential to all higher organisms for sustaining life. The mitochondrial diseases are genetic disorders carried in mitochondrial DNA, or nuclear DNA coding for mitochondrial components. Slight problems with any one of the numerous enzymes used by the mitochondria can be devastating to the cell, and in turn, to the organism.

In humans, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) forms closed circular molecules that contain 16,569,[2][3] DNA base pairs,[4] with each such molecule normally containing a full set of the mitochondrial genes. Each human mitochondrion contains, on average, approximately 5 such mtDNA molecules, with the quantity ranging between 1 and 15.[4] Each human cell contains approximately 100 mitochondria, giving a total number of mtDNA molecules per human cell of approximately 500.[4]

Because mitochondrial diseases (diseases due to malfunction of mitochondria) can be inherited both maternally and through chromosomal inheritance, the way in which they are passed on from generation to generation can vary greatly depending on the disease. Mitochondrial genetic mutations that occur in the nuclear DNA can occur in any of the chromosomes (depending on the species). Mutations inherited through the chromosomes can be autosomal dominant or recessive and can also be sex-linked dominant or recessive. Chromosomal inheritance follows normal Mendelian laws, despite the fact that the phenotype of the disease may be masked.

Because of the complex ways in which mitochondrial and nuclear DNA "communicate" and interact, even seemingly simple inheritance is hard to diagnose. A mutation in chromosomal DNA may change a protein that regulates (increases or decreases) the production of another certain protein in the mitochondria or the cytoplasm; this may lead to slight, if any, noticeable symptoms. On the other hand, some devastating mtDNA mutations are easy to diagnose because of their widespread damage to muscular, neural, and/or hepatic tissues (among other high-energy and metabolism-dependent tissues) and because they are present in the mother and all the offspring.

Mitochondrial genome mutations are passed on 100% of the time from mother to all her offspring. So, if a female has a mitochondrial trait, all offspring inherit it. However, if a male has a mitochondrial trait, no offspring inherit it. The number of affected mtDNA molecules inherited by a specific offspring can vary greatly because

It is possible, even in twin births, for one baby to receive more than half mutant mtDNA molecules while the other twin may receive only a tiny fraction of mutant mtDNA molecules with respect to wildtype (depending on how the twins divide from each other and how many mutant mitochondria happen to be on each side of the division). In a few cases, some mitochondria or a mitochondrion from the sperm cell enters the oocyte but paternal mitochondria are actively decomposed.

Genes in the human mitochondrial genome are as follows.

It was originally incorrectly believed that the mitochondrial genome contained only 13 protein-coding genes, all of them encoding proteins of the electron transport chain. However, in 2001, a 14th biologically active protein called humanin was discovered, and was found to be encoded by the mitochondrial gene MT-RNR2 which also encodes part of the mitochondrial ribosome (made out of RNA):

Unlike the other proteins, humanin does not remain in the mitochondria, and interacts with the rest of the cell and cellular receptors. Humanin can protect brain cells by inhibiting apoptosis. Despite its name, versions of humanin also exist in other animals, such as rattin in rats.

Mitochondrial rRNA is encoded by MT-RNR1 (12S) and MT-RNR2 (16S).

The following genes encode tRNA:

In humans, the light strand of mtDNA carries 28 genes and the heavy strand of mtDNA carries only 9 genes.[5] Eight of the 9 genes on the heavy strand code for mitochondrial tRNA molecules. Human mtDNA consists of 16,569 nucleotide pairs. The entire molecule is regulated by only one regulatory region which contains the origins of replication of both heavy and light strands. The entire human mitochondrial DNA molecule has been mapped[1][2].

The genetic code is, for the most part, universal, with few exceptions: mitochondrial genetics includes some of these. For most organisms the "stop codons" are "UAA", "UAG", and "UGA". In vertebrate mitochondria "AGA" and "AGG" are also stop codons, but not "UGA", which codes for tryptophan instead. "AUA" codes for isoleucine in most organisms but for methionine in vertebrate mitochondrial mRNA.

There are many other variations among the codes used by other mitochondrial m/tRNA, which happened not to be harmful to their organisms, and which can be used as a tool (along with other mutations among the mtDNA/RNA of different species) to determine relative proximity of common ancestry of related species. (The more related two species are, the more mtDNA/RNA mutations will be the same in their mitochondrial genome).

Using these techniques, it is estimated that the first mitochondria arose around 1.5 billion years ago. A generally accepted hypothesis is that mitochondria originated as an aerobic prokaryote in a symbiotic relationship within an anaerobic eukaryote.

Mitochondrial replication is controlled by nuclear genes and is specifically suited to make as many mitochondria as that particular cell needs at the time.

Mitochondrial transcription in Human is initiated from three promoters, H1, H2, and L (heavy strand 1, heavy strand 2, and light strand promoters). The H2 promoter transcribes almost the entire heavy strand and the L promoter transcribes the entire light strand. The H1 promoter causes the transcription of the two mitochondrial rRNA molecules.[6]

When transcription takes place on the heavy strand a polycistronic transcript is created. The light strand produces either small transcripts, which can be used as primers, or one long transcript. The production of primers occurs by processing of light strand transcripts with the Mitochondrial RNase MRP (Mitochondrial RNA Processing). The requirement of transcription to produce primers links the process of transcription to mtDNA replication. Full length transcripts are cut into functional tRNA, rRNA, and mRNA molecules.[citation needed]

The process of transcription initiation in mitochondria involves three types of proteins: the mitochondrial RNA polymerase (POLRMT), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and mitochondrial transcription factors B1 and B2 (TFB1M, TFB2M). POLRMT, TFAM, and TFB1M or TFB2M assemble at the mitochondrial promoters and begin transcription. The actual molecular events that are involved in initiation are unknown, but these factors make up the basal transcription machinery and have been shown to function in vitro.[citation needed]

Mitochondrial translation is still not very well understood. In vitro translations have still not been successful, probably due to the difficulty of isolating sufficient mt mRNA, functional mt rRNA, and possibly because of the complicated changes that the mRNA undergoes before it is translated.[citation needed]

The Mitochondrial DNA Polymerase (Pol gamma, encoded by the POLG gene) is used in the copying of mtDNA during replication. Because the two (heavy and light) strands on the circular mtDNA molecule have different origins of replication, it replicates in a D-loop mode. One strand begins to replicate first, displacing the other strand. This continues until replication reaches the origin of replication on the other strand, at which point the other strand begins replicating in the opposite direction. This results in two new mtDNA molecules. Each mitochondrion has several copies of the mtDNA molecule and the number of mtDNA molecules is a limiting factor in mitochondrial fission. After the mitochondrion has enough mtDNA, membrane area, and membrane proteins, it can undergo fission (very similar to that which bacteria use) to become two mitochondria. Evidence suggests that mitochondria can also undergo fusion and exchange (in a form of crossover) genetic material among each other. Mitochondria sometimes form large matrices in which fusion, fission, and protein exchanges are constantly occurring. mtDNA shared among mitochondria (despite the fact that they can undergo fusion).[citation needed]

Mitochondrial DNA is susceptible to damage from free oxygen radicals from mistakes that occur during the production of ATP through the electron transport chain. These mistakes can be caused by genetic disorders, cancer, and temperature variations. These radicals can damage mtDNA molecules or change them, making it hard for mitochondrial polymerase to replicate them. Both cases can lead to deletions, rearrangements, and other mutations. Recent evidence has suggested that mitochondria have enzymes that proofread mtDNA and fix mutations that may occur due to free radicals. It is believed that a DNA recombinase found in mammalian cells is also involved in a repairing recombination process. Deletions and mutations due to free radicals have been associated with the aging process. It is believed that radicals cause mutations which lead to mutant proteins, which in turn led to more radicals. This process takes many years and is associated with some aging processes involved in oxygen-dependent tissues such as brain, heart, muscle, and kidney. Auto-enhancing processes such as these are possible causes of degenerative diseases including Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and coronary artery disease.[citation needed]

Because mitochondrial growth and fission are mediated by the nuclear DNA, mutations in nuclear DNA can have a wide array of effects on mtDNA replication. Despite the fact that the loci for some of these mutations have been found on human chromosomes, specific genes and proteins involved have not yet been isolated. Mitochondria need a certain protein to undergo fission. If this protein (generated by the nucleus) is not present, the mitochondria grow but they do not divide. This leads to giant, inefficient mitochondria. Mistakes in chromosomal genes or their products can also affect mitochondrial replication more directly by inhibiting mitochondrial polymerase and can even cause mutations in the mtDNA directly and indirectly. Indirect mutations are most often caused by radicals created by defective proteins made from nuclear DNA.[citation needed]

In total, the mitochondrion hosts about 3000 different types of proteins, but only about 13 of them are coded on the mitochondrial DNA. Most of the 3000 types of proteins are involved in a variety of processes other than ATP production, such as porphyrin synthesis. Only about 3% of them code for ATP production proteins. This means most of the genetic information coding for the protein makeup of mitochondria is in chromosomal DNA and is involved in processes other than ATP synthesis. This increases the chances that a mutation that will affect a mitochondrion will occur in chromosomal DNA, which is inherited in a Mendelian pattern. Another result is that a chromosomal mutation will affect a specific tissue due to its specific needs, whether those may be high energy requirements or a need for the catabolism or anabolism of a specific neurotransmitter or nucleic acid. Because several copies of the mitochondrial genome are carried by each mitochondrion (2-10 in humans), mitochondrial mutations can be inherited maternally by mtDNA mutations which are present in mitochondria inside the oocyte before fertilization, or (as stated above) through mutations in the chromosomes.[citation needed]

Mitochondrial diseases range in severity from asymptomatic to fatal, and are most commonly due to inherited rather than acquired mutations of mitochondrial DNA. A given mitochondrial mutation can cause various diseases depending on the severity of the problem in the mitochondria and the tissue the affected mitochondria are in. Conversely, several different mutations may present themselves as the same disease. This almost patient-specific characterization of mitochondrial diseases (see Personalized medicine) makes them very hard to accurately recognize, diagnose and trace. Some diseases are observable at or even before birth (many causing death) while others do not show themselves until late adulthood (late-onset disorders). This is because the number of mutant versus wildtype mitochondria varies between cells and tissues, and is continuously changing. Because cells have multiple mitochondria, different mitochondria in the same cell can have different variations of the mtDNA. This condition is referred to as heteroplasmy. When a certain tissue reaches a certain ratio of mutant versus wildtype mitochondria, a disease will present itself. The ratio varies from person to person and tissue to tissue (depending on its specific energy, oxygen, and metabolism requirements, and the effects of the specific mutation). Mitochondrial diseases are very numerous and different. Apart from diseases caused by abnormalities in mitochondrial DNA, many diseases are suspected to be associated in part by mitochondrial dysfunctions, such as diabetes mellitus, forms of cancer and cardiovascular disease, lactic acidosis, specific forms of myopathy, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinsons's disease, stroke, male infertility and which are also believed to play a role in the aging process.[citation needed]

Human mtDNA can also be used to help identify individuals.[7] Forensic laboratories occasionally use mtDNA comparison to identify human remains, and especially to identify older unidentified skeletal remains. Although unlike nuclear DNA, mtDNA is not specific to one individual, it can be used in combination with other evidence (anthropological evidence, circumstantial evidence, and the like) to establish identification. mtDNA is also used to exclude possible matches between missing persons and unidentified remains.[8] Many researchers believe that mtDNA is better suited to identification of older skeletal remains than nuclear DNA because the greater number of copies of mtDNA per cell increases the chance of obtaining a useful sample, and because a match with a living relative is possible even if numerous maternal generations separate the two. American outlaw Jesse James's remains were identified using a comparison between mtDNA extracted from his remains and the mtDNA of the son of the female-line great-granddaughter of his sister.[9] Similarly, the remains of Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse), last Empress of Russia, and her children were identified by comparison of their mitochondrial DNA with that of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, whose maternal grandmother was Alexandra's sister Victoria of Hesse.[10] Similarly to identify Emperor Nicholas II remains his mitochondrial DNA was compared with that of James Carnegie, 3rd Duke of Fife, whose maternal great-grandmother Alexandra of Denmark (Queen Alexandra) was sister of Nicholas II mother Dagmar of Denmark (Empress Maria Feodorovna).[11]

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5th International Conference and Exhibition on Cell and …

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Track-1 Cell Therapy:

Cell therapyas performed by alternativemedicinepractitioners is very different from the controlled research done by conventionalstem cellmedical researchers. Alternative practitioners refer to their form of cell therapy by several other different names includingxenotransplanttherapy,glandular therapy, and fresh cell therapy. Proponents ofcell therapyclaim that it has been used successfully to rebuild damaged cartilage in joints, repair spinal cord injuries,strengthen a weakenedimmune system, treat autoimmune diseases such as AIDS, and help patients withneurological disorderssuch as Alzheimers disease,Parkinson's diseaseand epilepsy.

Related Conferences:

6th International Conference onTissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Baltimore, USA, Aug 20-22, 2017; 8th World Congress and Expo onCell & Stem Cell Research,Orlando, USA, March 20-22, 2017; 15thWorld Congress on Biotechnology and Biotech Industries Meet,Rome, Italy,March 20-21,2017; 2nd International Conference onGenetic Counselling and Genomic Medicine ,Beijing, China,July 10-12, 2017; International Conference onClinical and Molecular Genetics, Las Vegas, USA, April 24-26, 2017.

Track-2 Gene therapy:

Gene therapyand cell therapy are overlapping fields of biomedical research with the goals of repairing the direct cause of genetic diseases in the DNA orcellularpopulation, respectively. The development of suitablegene therapytreatments for manygenetic diseasesand some acquired diseases has encountered many challenges and uncovered new insights into gene interactions and regulation. Further development often involves uncovering basic scientific knowledge of the affected tissues, cells, and genes, as well as redesigning vectors, formulations, and regulatory cassettes for the genes.Cell therapyis expanding its repertoire of cell types for administration.Cell therapytreatment strategies include isolation and transfer of specific stem cell populations, administration of effector cells, and induction of mature cells to becomepluripotent cells, and reprogramming of mature cells.

Related Conferences:

2nd International Conference onMolecular Biology , London, UK ,June 22-24, 2017; 3rd World Bio Summit & Expo, Abu Dhabi, UAE, June 19-21, 2017; 5th International Conference onIntegrative Biology, London, UK, June 19-21, 2017; 2nd World Congress on Human Genetics, Chicago, USA, July 24-26, 2017; 9th International Conference onGenomics and Pharmacogenomics, Chicago, USA, July 13-14, 2017.

Track-3 Cell and gene therapy products:

Articles containing or consisting ofhuman cellsor tissues that are intended for implantation,transplantation, infusion, or transfer to a human recipient.Gene therapiesare novel and complex products that can offer unique challenges in product development. Hence, ongoing communication between the FDA and stakeholders is essential to meet these challenges.Gene therapy productsare being developed around the world, the FDA is engaged in a number of international harmonization activities in this area.

Examples:Musculoskeletal tissue, skin, ocular tissue, human heart valves;vascular graft, dura mater, reproductive tissue/cells, Stem/progenitor cells,somatic cells, Cells transduced withgene therapyvectors , Combination products (e.g., cells or tissue + device)

Related Conferences:

7th International Conference onPlant Genomics, Bangkok, Thailand, July 03-05, 2017; 15th Euro Biotechnology Congress, Valencia, Spain, June 05-07, 2017; International Conference onIntegrative Medicine & Nutrition, Dubai, UAE, May11-13, 2017; 14th Asia-Pacific Biotech Congress, April 10-12, 2017; Beijing, China,15th Biotechnology Congress, Baltimore, USA, June 22-23, 2017.

Track-4 Cellular therapy:

Cellular therapy, also calledlive cell therapy, cellular suspensions, glandular therapy, fresh cell therapy, sick cell therapy,embryonic cell therapy, andorgan therapy- refers to various procedures in which processed tissue from animal embryos, foetuses or organs, is injected or taken orally. Products are obtained from specific organs or tissues said to correspond with the unhealthy organs or tissues of the recipient. Proponents claim that the recipient's body automatically transports the injected cells to thetarget organs, where they supposedly strengthen them and regenerate their structure. The organs and glands used in cell treatment include brain, pituitary,thyroid, adrenals, thymus, liver,kidney, pancreas, spleen, heart,ovary, testis, and parotid. Several different types of cell or cell extract can be given simultaneously - some practitioners routinely give up to 20 or more at once.

Related Conferences:

3rd International Conference onSynthetic Biology, Munich, Germany, July 20-21, 2017; 5th International Conference and Exhibition onCell and Gene Therapy,Madrid, Spain,Mar 2-3, 2017;International Conference onCell Signalling and Cancer Therapy,Paris, France,Aug 20-22, 2017; 7th Annual Conference on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Paris, France,Aug 04-05, 2016;3rd International Conference & Exhibition onTissue Preservation and Bio banking, Baltimore, USA,June 29-30, 2017.

Track-5 Cancer gene therapy:

Cancer therapiesare drugs or other substances that block the growth and spread ofcancerby interfering with specific molecules ("molecular targets") that are involved in the growth, progression, and spread ofcancer. Many cancer therapies have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat specific types of cancer. The development of targetedtherapiesrequires the identification of good targets that is, targets that play a key role in cancer cell growth and survival. One approach to identify potential targets is to compare the amounts of individualproteinsin cancer cells with those in normal cells.Proteinsthat are present in cancer cells but not normal cells or that are more abundant incancercells would be potential targets, especially if they are known to be involved incell growthor survival.

Related Conferences:

2nd Biotechnology World Convention,London, UK,May 25-27, 2017; International Conference on Animal and Human Cell Culture, Jackson Ville, USA, Sep 25-27, 2017; 9th International Conference onCancer Genomics, Chicago, USA, May 29-31, 2017; 6th International Conference onTissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Baltimore, USA, Aug 20-22, 2017; 8th World Congress and Expo onCell & Stem Cell Research, Orlando, USA, March 20-22, 2017.

Track-6 Nano therapy:

Nano Therapymay be defined as the monitoring, repair, construction and control of human biological systems at themolecular level, using engineerednanodevicesand nanostructures. Basic nanostructured materials, engineeredenzymes, and the many products of biotechnology will be enormously useful in near-term medical applications. However, the full promise ofnanomedicineis unlikely to arrive until after the development of precisely controlled or programmable medical Nano machines andnanorobots.

Related Conferences:

15thWorld Congress on Biotechnology and Biotech Industries Meet ,Rome, Italy,March 20-21, 2017 ;2nd International Conference onGenetic Counselling and Genomic Medicine ,Beijing, China,July 10-12, 2017; International Conference onClinical and Molecular Genetics, Las Vegas, USA, April 24-26, 2017; 15th Euro Biotechnology Congress, Valencia, Spain, June 05-07, 2017; International Conference onIntegrative Medicine & Nutrition, Dubai, UAE, May11-13, 2017.

Track-7 Skin cell therapy:

Stem cellshave newly become a huge catchphrase in theskincarebiosphere. Skincare specialists are not usingembryonic stem cells; it is impossible to integrate live materials into a skincare product. Instead, scientists are creating products with specialized peptides andenzymesor plantstem cellswhich, when applied topically on the surface, help to protect the human skinstem cellsfrom damage and deterioration or stimulate the skins own stem cells. Currently, the technique is mainly used to save the lives of patients who have third degree burns over very large areas of their bodies.

Related Conferences:

5th International Conference and Exhibition onCell and Gene Therapy,Madrid,Spain,Mar 2-3, 2017;International Conference onCell Signalling and Cancer Therapy,Paris, France,Aug 20-22, 2017;2nd Biotechnology World Convention,London, UK,May 25-27, 2017; International Conference on Animal and Human Cell Culture, Jackson Ville, USA, Sep 25-27, 2017; 9th International Conference onCancer Genomics, Chicago, USA, May 29-31, 2017.

Track-8 HIV gene therapy:

Highly activeantiretroviral therapydramatically improves survival inHIV-infected patients. However, persistence of HIV in reservoirs has necessitated lifelong treatment that can be complicated bycumulative toxicities, incomplete immune restoration, and the emergence of drug-resistant escapemutants. Cell and gene therapies offer the promise of preventing progressiveHIV infectionby interfering with HIV replication in the absence of chronicantiviral therapy.

Related Conferences:

3rd International Conference onSynthetic Biology, Munich, Germany, July 20-21, 2017; International Conference onIntegrative Medicine & Nutrition, Dubai, UAE, May11-13, 2017; International Conference on Animal and Human Cell Culture, Jackson Ville, USA, Sep 25-27, 2017; International Conference onCell Signalling and Cancer Therapy,Paris, France,Aug 20-22, 2017;7th Annual Conference on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine,Paris,France,Aug 04-05, 2016.

Track-9 Diabetes for gene therapy:

Cell therapyapproaches for this disease are focused on developing the most efficient methods for the isolation ofpancreasbeta cells or appropriatestem cells, appropriate location forcell transplant, and improvement of their survival upon infusion. Alternatively, gene andcell therapyscientists are developing methods to reprogram some of the other cells of the pancreas to secreteinsulin. Currently ongoingclinical trialsusing these gene andcell therapystrategies hold promise for improved treatments of type I diabetes in the future. The firstgene therapyapproach to diabetes was put forward shortly after the cloning of theinsulingene. It was proposed that non-insulin producing cells could be made into insulin-producingcells using a suitable promoter and insulin gene construct, and that these substitute cells could restore insulin production in type 1 and some type 2 diabetics.

Related Conferences:

15thWorld Congress on Biotechnology and Biotech Industries Meet ,Rome, Italy,March 20-21, 2017;6th International Conference onTissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Baltimore, USA, Aug 20-22, 2017; 8th World Congress and Expo onCell & Stem Cell Research, Orlando, USA, March 20-22, 2017; 14th Asia-Pacific Biotech Congress,Beijing, China,April 10-12, 2017;5th International Conference onIntegrative Biology, London, UK, June 19-21, 2017.

Track-10 Viral gene therapy:

Converting avirusinto a vector Theviral life cyclecan be divided into two temporally distinct phases: infection and replication. Forgene therapyto be successful, an appropriate amount of a therapeutic gene must be delivered into the target tissue without substantial toxicity. Eachviral vectorsystem is characterized by an inherent set of properties that affect its suitability for specific gene therapy applications. For some disorders, long-term expression from a relatively small proportion of cells would be sufficient (for example, genetic disorders), whereas otherpathologiesmight require high, but transient,gene expression. For example, gene therapies designed to interfere with a viral infectious process or inhibit the growth ofcancer cellsby reconstitution of inactivated tumour suppressor genes may require gene transfer into a large fraction of theabnormal cells.

Related Conferences:

3rd International Conference onSynthetic Biology, Munich, Germany, July 20-21, 2017;5th International Conference and Exhibition onCell and Gene Therapy,Madrid, Spain,Mar 2-3, 2017; International Conference on Animal and Human Cell Culture, Jackson Ville, USA, Sep 25-27, 2017; 9th International Conference onCancer Genomics, Chicago, USA, May 29-31, 2017; 14th Asia-Pacific Biotech Congress,Beijing, China,April 10-12, 2017.

Track-11 Stem cell therapies:

Stem cells have tremendous promise to help us understand and treat a range of diseases, injuries and other health-related conditions. Their potential is evident in the use ofblood stem cellsto treat diseases of the blood, a therapy that has saved the lives of thousands of children withleukaemia; and can be seen in the use ofstem cellsfor tissue grafts to treat diseases or injury to the bone, skin and surface of the eye. Some bone, skin andcorneal(eye) injuries and diseases can be treated bygraftingor implanting tissues, and the healing process relies on stem cells within thisimplanted tissue.

Related Conferences:

2nd World Congress on Human Genetics, Chicago, USA, July 24-26, 2017; 2nd International Conference onGenetic Counselling and Genomic Medicine ,Beijing, China,July 10-12, 2017; International Conference onClinical and Molecular Genetics, Las Vegas, USA, April 24-26, 2017; 2nd International Conference onMolecular Biology,London, UK,June 22-24, 2017; 15th Biotechnology Congress, Baltimore, USA, June 22-23, 2017.

Track-12 Stem cell preservation:

The ability to preserve the cells is critical to theirclinicalapplication. It improves patient access to therapies by increasing the genetic diversity of cells available. In addition, the ability to preserve cells improves the "manufacturability" of acell therapyproduct by permitting the cells to be stored until the patient is ready for administration of the therapy, permitting inventory control of products, and improving management of staffing atcell therapyfacilities. Finally, the ability to preservecell therapiesimproves the safety of cell therapy products by extending the shelf life of a product and permitting completion of safety and quality control testing before release of the product for use. preservation permits coordination between the manufacture of the therapy and patient care regimes.

Related Conferences:

7th Annual Conference on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine,Paris, France,Aug 04-05, 2016; 2nd Biotechnology World Convention,LONDON, UK,May 25-27, 2017; International Conference on Animal and Human Cell Culture, Jackson Ville, USA, Sep 25-27, 2017; 9th International Conference onCancer Genomics, Chicago, USA, May 29-31, 2017; 3rd International Conference onSynthetic Biology, Munich, Germany, July 20-21, 2017.

Track-13 Stem cell products:

The globalstemcell,Stem cell productsmarket will grow from about $5.6 billion in 2013 to nearly $10.6 billion in 2018, registering a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.6% from 2013 through 2018.This trackdiscusses the implications ofstemcellresearchand commercial trends in the context of the current size and growth of thepharmaceutical market, both in global terms and analysed by the most important national markets.

Related Conferences:

6th International Conference onTissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Baltimore, USA, Aug 20-22, 2017; 8th World Congress and Expo onCell & Stem Cell Research, Orlando, USA, March 20-22, 2017; 15thWorld Congress on Biotechnology and Biotech Industries Meet,Rome, Italy,March 20-21, 2017; 2nd International Conference onGenetic Counselling and Genomic Medicine ,Beijing, China,July 10-12, 2017; International Conference onClinical and Molecular Genetics, las vegas, USA, April 24-26, 2017.

Track-14 Genetically inherited diseases:

Agenetic diseaseis any disease that is caused by an abnormality in an individual'sgenome, the person's entiregeneticmakeup. The abnormality can range from minuscule to major -- from a discrete mutation in a single base in the DNA of a single gene to a grosschromosome abnormalityinvolving the addition or subtraction of an entirechromosomeor set of chromosomes.Most genetic diseases are the direct result of a mutation in one gene. However, one of the most difficult problems ahead is to find out how genes contribute to diseases that have a complex pattern ofinheritance, such as in the cases of diabetes,asthma,cancerandmental illness. In all these cases, no one gene has the yes/no power to say whether a person has a disease or not. It is likely that more than one mutation is required before the disease is manifest, and a number of genes may each make a subtle contribution to a person's susceptibility to a disease; genes may also affect how a person reacts toenvironmental factors.

Related Conferences:

15th Biotechnology Congress, Baltimore, USA, June 22-23, 2017; 3rd International Conference onSynthetic Biology, Munich, Germany, July 20-21, 2017; 5th International Conference and Exhibition onCell and Gene Therapy,Madrid, Spain,Mar 2-3, 2017; International Conference onCell Signalling and Cancer Therapy,paris, France,Aug 20-22, 2017; International Conference on Animal and Human Cell Culture, Jackson Ville, USA, Sep 25-27, 2017.

Track-15 Plant stem cells:

Plantshave emerged as powerful production platforms for the expression of fully functional recombinantmammalian proteins. These expression systems have demonstrated the ability to produce complexglycoproteinsin a cost-efficient manner at large scale. The full realization of thetherapeuticpotential of stem cells has only recently come into the forefront ofregenerative medicine. Stem cells are unprogrammed cells that can differentiate into cells with specific functions.Regenerative therapiesare used to stimulate healing and might be used in the future to treat various kinds of diseases.Regenerative medicinewill result in an extended healthy life span. A fresh apple is a symbol for beautiful skin. Hair greying for example could be shown to result from the fact that themelanocyte stem cellsin the hair follicle have died off.

Related Conferences:

9th International Conference onGenomics and Pharmacogenomics, Chicago, USA, July 13-14, 2017; 7th International Conference onPlant Genomics, Bangkok, Thailand, July 03-05, 2017; 15th Euro Biotechnology Congress, Valencia, Spain, June 05-07, 2017; 5th International Conference and Exhibition onCell and Gene Therapy,Madrid, Spain,Mar 2-3, 2017; 3rd International Conference & Exhibition onTissue Preservation and Bio banking,Baltimore, USA,June 29-30, 2017.

Track-16 Plant stem cell rejuvenation:

Asplantscannot escape from danger by running or taking flight, they need a special mechanism to withstandenvironmental stress. What empowers them to withstand harsh attacks and preserve life is the stem cell. According to Wikipedia, plantstem cellsnever undergo theagingprocess but constantly create new specialized and unspecialized cells, and they have the potential to grow into any organ, tissue, or cell in the body. The everlasting life is due to the hormones auxin andgibberellin. British scientists found that plant stem cells were much more sensitive toDNAdamage than other cells. And once they sense damage, they trigger death of these cells.

Rejuvenate with Plant Stem Cells

Detoxifyand release toxins on a cellular level. Nourishyour body with vital nutrients. Regenerateyour cells and diminish the effects of aging.

Related Conferences:

International Conference on Animal and Human Cell Culture, Jackson Ville, USA, Sep 25-27, 2017; 14th Asia-Pacific Biotech Congress,Beijing, China,April 10-12, 2017; 15th Biotechnology Congress, Baltimore, USA, June 22-23, 2017; 3rd International Conference onSynthetic Biology, Munich, Germany,July 20-21, 2017; 5th International Conference and Exhibition on Cell and Gene Therapy,Madrid, Spain,Mar 2-3, 2017.

Track-17 Clinical trials in cell and gene therapy:

Aclinical trialis a research study that seeks to determine if a treatment is safe and effective. Advancing new cell andgene therapies(CGTs) from the laboratory into early-phaseclinical trialshas proven to be a complex task even for experienced investigators. Due to the wide variety ofCGTproducts and their potential applications, a case-by-case assessment is warranted for the design of each clinical trial.

Objectives:Determine thepharmacokineticsof this regimen by the persistence of modified T cells in the blood of these patients, Evaluate theimmunogenicityof murine sequences in chimeric anti-CEA Ig TCR, Assess immunologic parameters which correlate with the efficacy of this regimen in these patients, Evaluate, in a preliminary manner, the efficacy of this regimen in patients with CEA bearingtumours.

Related Conferences:

2nd Biotechnology World Convention,London, UK,May 25-27, 2017; International Conference on Animal and Human Cell Culture, Jackson Ville, USA, Sep 25-27, 2017; 9th International Conference onCancer Genomics, Chicago, USA, May 29-31, 2017; 8th World Congress and Expo onCell & Stem Cell Research, Orlando, USA, March 20-22, 2017; 15thWorld Congress on Biotechnology and Biotech Industries Meet,Rome, Italy,March 20-21, 2017.

Track-18 Molecular epigenetics:

Epigeneticsis the study of heritable changes in thephenotypeof a cell or organism that are not caused by its genotype. The molecular basis of anepigeneticprofile arises from covalent modifications of protein andDNAcomponents ofchromatin. The epigenetic profile of a cell often dictates cell fate, as well as mammalian development,agingand disease. Epigenetics has evolved to become the science that explains how the differences in the patterns ofgene expressionin diverse cells or tissues are executed and inherited.

Related Confderences:

5th International Conference onIntegrative Biology, London, UK, June 19-21, 2017; 2nd World Congress on Human Genetics, Chicago, USA, July 24-26, 2017; 9th International Conference onGenomics and Pharmacogenomics, Chicago, USA, July 13-14, 2017; International Conference onIntegrative Medicine & Nutrition, Dubai, UAE, May11-13, 2017; 14th Asia-Pacific Biotech Congress,Beijing, China,April 10-12, 2017.

Track-19 Bioengineering therapeutics:

The goals ofbioengineeringstrategies for targetedcancertherapies are (1) to deliver a high dose of an anticancer drug directly to a cancer tumour, (2) to enhance drug uptake by malignant cells, and (3) to minimize drug uptake by non-malignant cells. In ESRD micro electro mechanical systems andnanotechnologyto create components such as robust silicon Nano pore filters that mimic natural kidney structure for high-efficiency toxin clearance. It also usestissue engineeringto build a miniature bioreactor in which immune-isolated human-derived renal cells perform key functions, such as reabsorption of water and salts.In drug delivery for a leading cause ofblindness, photo-etching fabrication techniques from themicrochipindustry to create thin-film and planar micro devices (dimensions in millionths of meters) with protectivemedicationreservoirs andnanopores(measured in billionths of meters) for insertion in the back of the eye to deliver sustained doses of drug across protective retinalepithelial tissuesover the course of several months.

Related Conferences:

6th International Conference onTissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Baltimore, USA, Aug 20-22, 2017; 8th World Congress and Expo onCell & Stem Cell Research, Orlando, USA, March 20-22, 2017; 15thWorld Congress on Biotechnology and Biotech Industries Meet,Rome, Italy,March 20-21, 2017; 2nd International Conference onGenetic Counselling and Genomic Medicine ,Beijing, China,July 10-12, 2017; International Conference onClinical and Molecular Genetics, Las Vegas, USA, April 24-26, 2017.

Track-20 Advanced gene therapy:

Advanced therapiesare different fromconventional medicines, which are made from chemicals or proteins.Gene-therapymedicines:these contain genes that lead to atherapeuticeffect. They work by inserting 'recombinant' genes into cells, usually to treat a variety of diseases, including genetic disorders, cancer or long-term diseases.Somatic-cell therapymedicines:these contain cells or tissues that have been manipulated to change their biological characteristics.Advanced Cell &Gene Therapyprovides guidanceinprocess development, GMP/GTP manufacturing,regulatory affairs, due diligence and strategy, specializing in cell therapy,gene therapy, and tissue-engineeredregenerative medicineproducts.

Related Conferences:

9th International Conference onGenomics and Pharmacogenomics, Chicago, USA, July 13-14, 2017; 7th International Conference onPlant Genomics, Bangkong,Thailand, July 03-05, 2017; International Conference onIntegrative Medicine & Nutrition, Dubai, UAE, May11-13, 2017; 14th Asia-Pacific Biotech Congress, Beijing,China,April 10-12, 2017; 2nd World Congress on Human Genetics, Chicago, USA, July 24-26, 2017.

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