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Category Archives: Transhuman News
Cong’s reply: His DNA is modi-fied, remote in Modi hands – The Indian Express
Posted: August 29, 2022 at 7:28 am
STUNNED BY veteran leader Ghulam Nabi Azads resignation and his attack on Rahul Gandhi, the Congress initially questioned the timing of his decision, and then launched a scathing counter-attack, accusing him of being in cahoots with the BJP. Several Congress leaders, including its two chief ministers, Ashok Gehlot and Bhupesh Baghel, attacked Azad.
It is most unfortunate and most regrettable that this has happened when Congress president Sonia Gandhi, Rahul Gandhi and the entire Congress party organisation across the country is engaged in confronting, combating and fighting the BJP on public issues of price rise, unemployment and polarisation, Jairam Ramesh, AICC general secretary in charge of communication, said at a press conference.
The Congress had earlier scheduled a press conference to be addressed by Ajay Maken, to target the AAP government in Delhi on the liquor policy. But it cancelled this, and a short statement was read out by Maken and Ramesh on Azads resignation instead.
The entire Congress party organisation has been involved in preparing for the Mehangai Par Hallo Bol rally in New Delhi on September 4 which would be addressed by Rahul Gandhi. Twenty-two press conferences have been scheduled across the country on August 29. The launch of the Bharat Jodo Yatra will take place on September 7 in Kanyakumari; finalisation of that launch is also underway and 32 press conferences have been scheduled across the country to project the message of the Bharat Jodo Yatra, Ramesh said.
So, at a time when every Congressman and every Congresswoman is involved in ensuring that the rally is a success, and wants to be a Bharat yatri and walk along with Rahul Gandhi it is most unfortunate and most regrettable that we have had to read this letter that has been released to the press, Ramesh said.
Launching an all-out attack soon after, Ramesh tweeted: A man who has been treated with the greatest respect by the Congress leadership has betrayed it by his vicious personal attacks which reveal his true character. GNAs DNA has been modi-fied First Modis tears in Parliament, then Padma Vibhushan, then the extension for residence. Yeh sanyog nahi, sahyog hai (Its not a coincidence, its a collaboration).
Ramesh said the contents of Azads resignation letter were not factual and its timing was awful.
The partys media department head, Pawan Khera, linked Azads resignation to the end of his Rajya Sabha tenure. As soon as your Rajya Sabha term got over, you became restless, you cannot stay without a post even for a second. It is a challenging time, everyone is fighting together and the party is being strengthened under Rahul Gandhis leadership, he said, adding that the people who had contributed to weakening the party were now saying that the party has been weakened.
Claiming that every party worker was aware of this betrayal, Khera said his (Azads) remote control is in the hands of Modi. We have seen the love between Narendra Modi and Ghulam Nabi Azad, it was also seen in Parliament. That love has been manifested in this letter, he said.
It is very clear. Perhaps you have joined hands with those people who have scrapped Article 370 in Kashmir. Ho sakta hai kuch aapke unke saat madhur sambandh ho gaye honge (It is possible that you have a warm relationship with them). But I want to tell you one thing. You have written in the letter that it is time to unite the Congress. And in the same letter you are saying there is no need for Bharat jodo. Instead of uniting the Congress, I condemn the step that you have taken to divide the Congress, said senior party leader Digvijaya Singh.
And that at a time when Sonia Gandhi, whose family had given you everything, is abroad for medical treatment. I did not expect this from you. The Congress had given you everything. At such a time of crisis, you should have stood firmly with the Congress, he said.
Gehlot said Rahul would have his own ideas on taking the Congress forward. I am aghast. I am shocked. We have been together for 42 years. The party gave him every opportunity be it Indira Gandhi or Sanjay Gandhi they even went to attend Azads wedding in Srinagar. From there it all started they wanted to promote the young man for the last 42 years, he got all the posts, all the opportunities Union minister, AICC general secretary, chief minister The Congress never hesitated in giving him opportunities, Gehlot said.
Today, his identity in the country is because of the Congress, because of Indira Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi, P V Narasimha Rao and Sonia Gandhi. I do not think the way he has expressed his sentiment can be called proper Whatever our identity is today is due to the faith the Congress high command had in us. How many people get a chance? No one in the country expected that Azad saab would now write such a letter, he said.
Questioning the timing of the decision, at a time when Sonia is abroad for a medical check-up, Gehlot said: This, I believe, is against human nature, against sensitivity.
Baghel said Azad was constantly trying to harm the party. The party had given him full respect. He was made a cabinet minister and chief minister. His exit will cause no loss to the party, he said.
Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha Mallikarjun Kharge said Azads remarks against Rahul were not in good taste. He enjoyed everything, power and authority, for a long time and is now finding fault, he said.
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Cong's reply: His DNA is modi-fied, remote in Modi hands - The Indian Express
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What Is A Human? – The American Conservative
Posted: at 7:26 am
As ever, Paul Kingsnorth's Substack is one of the most important Substacks in the world, and it's not even close. In his latest essay, Kingsnorth talks about how the public controversy over transgenderism is not really about male and female. It's about human nature itself. The beginning of the essay is a reminder about how insane -- honestly, insane -- the public dialogue is around trans today, and how fast it got there. Five years ago, if you had said that a Berkeley law professor would have testified contentiously before Congress that women aren't the only people who give birth, people would have thought you were bonkers. But it happened this week. Excerpts from Kingsnorth's latest:
Back in America - now ground-zero for the abolition of biology - thousands of girls are undergoing double mastectomies, and teenage boys are being given puberty-blocking drugs designed tochemically castrate rapists.Eleven year old girls aretaughtthat if you feel uncomfortable in your body, it means you are transgender - which may explain why, in some classrooms,a quarter of the childrenidentify as precisely that. The concept oftrans kids- a notion that would have been inconceivably baffling to most people even a few years back, and for many still is - is now beingpushedso hard that it starts to look less like the liberation of an oppressed minority than an agenda to reprogramme society with an entirely new conception of the human body - and thus of nature itself.
Kingsnorth gets into The Rise and Triumph of the Modern Self, Carl Trueman's invaluable book (now out in an abridged, reader-friendly version) about the roots of the West's falling apart, which, as PK points out, began with Trueman trying to answer the question of how it is the phrase "I am a woman trapped in a man's body" came to be meaningful. Kingsnorth:
Meanwhile Nietzsche and Darwin both helped, wittingly or unwittingly, to undermine the foundational assumptions of Western Christianity, thus unmooring the culture from its spiritual roots. Finally, figures such as Herbert Marcuse and Wilhelm Reich provided the justification for the removal of sexual taboos which exploded in the sixties counterculture and brought us into the pornified present.
It is this latter development, suggests Trueman, that may prove to be most significant. Identity in the contemporary West is now cored around sex and sexuality - a situation which he believes is arguably unprecedented in history. Trueman identifies Wilhelm Reich and his countercultural successors as prime movers in this culture shift. Sexual liberation, to Reich, represented the latest stage of the ongoing liberation of the individual from both nature and culture.
In his 1936 bookThe Sexual Revolution, Reich argued that sexual repression had been imposed and weaponised by governments and churches for centuries as a means of controlling the masses. Liberation of the individual was thus intimately tied up with liberated sexuality:
The existence of strict moral principles has invariably signified that the biological, and specifically the sexual, needs of man were not being satisfied. Every moral regulation is in itself sex-negating, and all compulsory morality is life-negating. The social revolution has no more important task than finally to enable human beings to realise their full potentialities and find gratification in life.
Sexual freedom is human freedom.
It doesn't take much to move from that point to accepting that one's "true self" is not a self that is given, or a self that is shaped by limits, but a self that is fully chosen, against the bounds presented by nature or society. Transgenderism is just the next phase in humankind's revolt against nature, says Kingsnorth. More:
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What does a transhumanist billionaire [Martine Rothblatt -- RD] who wants to make God have to do with a teenage boy who feels uncomfortable in his body? The answer is that Rothblatt isfar from the only personwho believes that the path to a disembodied, posthuman and post-natural future leads directly through the shattered gender binary. Looked at this way, the question of what pronouns to use, or who should be allowed into which bathroom, suddenly starts to look a lot more momentous than the newspapers are telling us. The unifying driver is the desire fortrans-cendence: the latest stage in what another transhumanist,Kevin Kelly, calls our ongoing liberation from matter.
I dont mean to suggest that the activists currently beavering away to queer the gender binary all have this end in mind, let alone that everyyone who considers themselves to be transgender buys into this worldview, or has even heard about it. But this is the direction of travel. People with gender dysphoria, girls with short hair, boys who play with dolls, people whose sexualities differ from the norm: they are not, in fact, the real issue.
The real issue is that a young generation of hyper-urbanised, always-on young people, increasingly divorced from nature and growing up in a psychologised, inward-looking anticulture, is being led towards the conclusion that biology is a problem to be overcome, that their body is a form of oppression and that the solution to their pain may go beyond a new set of pronouns, or even invasive surgery, towards nanotechnology, cyberconsciousness software and perhaps, ultimately, the end of their physical embodiment altogether.
I strongly urge you to read the whole thing -- and to subscribe. Unless we rise against these elite controllers, the day is coming when these writings will be outlawed.
This is all profoundly Luciferian. You know that, right? You should. Does anybody at your church ever talk about this stuff? If not, why not? If your church isn't talking about this stuff, it is not preparing you for the present that's here and the future that's coming.
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Stray – A simple and focused game in a world of games that go astray – Flayrah
Posted: at 7:25 am
Okay, this one may not technically be a furry game. If the late Fred Patten were to start this review off, he may have asked something along the lines that if you as a player moves around the world as a cat with a robot companion augmenting their ability to interpret the society around them, is that game actually anthropomorphic? Perhaps its more in line with transhumanism, but in this case more transfelinism, where your feline character is augmented by their technological companion.
And like Adam Jensen of Deus Ex: Human Revolution, the cat you play certainly didnt ask for this.
The opening of the game reminded me of Milo and Otis, an old movie of a dog and a cat that end up getting lost in the woods and need to make their way back home. Basically it was the predecessor of Homeward Bound: The Incredible Journey. In this case, the unnamed feline protagonist you play as is just catting around with other cats when you find yourself in trouble and are separated from your companions and fall down into a strange lost society of automatons.
You go on your own heros journey through this strange world that has established itself under what appears to be a giant blast shield facility. In order to return to the surface youll need to help your new robot friends, while avoiding the perils of an invasive species that has taken root in the darkness of this underworld.
While the game has been noted to be on the shorter side, it is very much a complete and contained experience. It has moments of tension and balances it well with a cathartic sense of discovery and exploration. I noted while playing that the designer definitely took inspiration from Valve works, and this includes their understanding of Battle Fatigue.
Things can work their way to a bit of an intensity when dealing with the headcrab like creatures that want to chew on your cat hide, but your moments of fleeing and fighting are spaced out where it doesnt become fatiguing.
The world is fun and immersive and the robot characters are interesting. There are certain embellishments that were fun, such as a fully functioning pool table in the bars that you can bat the ball around with your paws. Desks are littered with items to knock down, though disappointingly it doesnt cause frustrations if the owner of said desk watches you knock things off like the true feline you are.
I would recommend this game if you are a curious sort, you know, like a cat. You like to explore places and enjoy the story of a exotic society. If youre the kind that likes a more visceral or reaction based game of skill, you may not enjoy it so much. Take your time and take in the environment around you and youll get the most out of it. Talk to as many folks as you can and do the tasks they ask of you to get the most out of it. Heck, you can even nap around and take in the world as the camera pans out. Because cats like their naps.
Not much to say, its a short game and its mostly the story which I cant go into without spoiling things. Its a nice and contained experience that should you enjoy its premise enough, youll come back to experience it again like a film or a book. Its sometimes refreshing to experience a game that is a contained experience rather than one that expects to be a service it sells to you for the next decade.
To me, I would rather pay 30 bucks for a complete and enjoyable experience even if it is short, then to get it for free and go through a bunch of immersion breaking microtransactions. If that is too pricey for you for a seven hour experience, then you can feel free to wait for the price point to come down.
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Stray - A simple and focused game in a world of games that go astray - Flayrah
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McDermott: Pinner may have been crackers, but in today’s GOP, she was practically normal – St. Louis Post-Dispatch
Posted: at 7:25 am
St. Louis County Republicans last week surely feel they dodged a bullet with the exit from the November ballot of Katherine Pinner, who was briefly the partys nominee for St. Louis County executive. Whatever issues shed hoped to focus on in her campaign, the real issue would have been the lawsuit she filed against her former employer alleging that its mask mandate was satanic and that getting vaccinated displeases God.
Pinner thus took her place among a long line of loons in elective politics these days. Not all, but most, hail from the rightward side of the political spectrum. Which invites some legitimate questions about what has happened to the once-sober conservative movement.
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Pinner is the 55-year-old political novice who emerged from out of nowhere this month to win the Republican nomination for the countys top political post. Online, she had voiced beliefs consistent with QAnon, the culty crowd that thinks a dark world of all-encompassing conspiracies hums just beyond plain sight a good-versus-evil epic that casts Donald Trump, improbably, as the former.
Pinners posts pointed out that if you replaced each B in President Bidens Build Back Better legislation with 6, youd end up with the mark of the devil. As voters started catching onto this plan of 6uild 6ack 6etter, the democrats quickly changed their slogan, she wrote. (Shes right. I remember the memo from headquarters.)
She suggested that coronavirus vaccines were laced with nanotechnology designed to bar code nine billion people in order to inventory them.
Its all connected, she warned.
Because, yknow, its always all connected.
After winning the Aug. 2 primary, Pinner apparently got some good advice and did some online house cleaning to remove indications that she is, well, crackers. But it seems she couldnt rein in her demons for long. The $1.2 million lawsuit Pinner filed last week against her former employer, the American Association of Orthodontists, for its pandemic policies, alleges that vaccines prompt transhumanism changes in the body that can lead to being barred from Gods graces. And it claims mask-wearing is associated with dehumanization and satanic ritual abuse.
In the latest head-spinning twist, Pinner late Thursday told the county Republican chair she plans to drop out of the race, without explaining why. Its a welcome if undeserved reprieve for the party, which can now put someone less demonstrably loopy on the ballot.
But the question remains: Why do Republicans, here and around America, keep nominating candidates who, if they approached them on the sidewalk, would prompt them to cross the street?
The poster-child for this phenomenon, of course, is Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, R-Georgia. Evidence of her psychosis is too voluminous to detail here, so lets leave it at her suggestion that Californias wildfires were caused by space-based lasers controlled by a cabal of Jewish overlords.
Rep. Lauren Boebert, R-Colorado, hasnt achieved quite that level of bonkers, but its not for lack of effort. Among her litany of lunacy was a speech in June declaring, The church is supposed to direct the government Im tired of this separation of church and state junk thats not in the Constitution. (Narrator: Except in the very first words of the very first amendment in the Bill of Rights.)
Republican candidates coming up through this years congressional primaries promise more of this derangement. Even Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell who has more motive than anyone to get Republicans seated, no matter the details recently worried aloud that his party might fail to take back the Senate because of what he diplomatically called candidate quality issues.
Dr. Mehmet Oz, Pennsylvanias Republican Senate nominee, has pushed such quack remedies that it prompted an essay in the normally staid Scientific American headlined: Dr. Oz Shouldnt Be a Senator or a Doctor. Arizona Republicans have nominated to the Senate 36-year-old Blake Masters, who has praised the anti-tech manifesto of Ted Unabomber Kaczynski. In Georgia, GOP Senate nominee Herschel Walker the former NFL star who has already been in the politically awkward position of having to issue clarifications to the media regarding how many children he has fathered by how many women bashed Bidens new climate law last week by asking, Dont we have enough trees around here?
Then (as always) theres Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis, who last week lambasted Dr. Anthony Fauci at a fundraising event. Fauci, the federal governments top infectious-disease expert, is retiring in the face of conservative fury over his allegiance to science instead of Trump. But thats not good enough for DeSantis, who told the crowd that someone needs to grab that little elf and chuck him across the Potomac. Its worth noting that this elevated rhetoric comes from the man who many Republicans view as the more-sane alternative to Trump for the GOPs 2024 presidential nomination.
Despite the controversy surrounding Pinners brief presence on the St. Louis County ballot, she perhaps shouldnt completely discount a future in the GOP. At the rate its going, todays Republican Party will likely have a place for people like her for a long time to come.
Kevin McDermott is a Post-Dispatch columnist and Editorial Board member. On Twitter: @kevinmcdermott Email: kmcdermott@post-dispatch.com
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McDermott: Pinner may have been crackers, but in today's GOP, she was practically normal - St. Louis Post-Dispatch
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Axiom Verge 2 The Games Sole Creator, Thomas Happ, Discusses How Science Fiction Impacted Bot… – Happy Gamer
Posted: at 7:25 am
Fans eagerly anticipated solo developer Thomas Happs follow-up game after the original Axiom Verges 2015 release for the PlayStation 4 to much critical acclaim. In 2021, Axiom Verge 2 was exclusively made available on the Epic Games Store for the PC and PS4, and it is now available on the PS5 and Steam. Many of the elements that fans of the first Axiom Verge gameplay loved to see in the follow-up, such as the abundance of collectibles, power-ups, and weapons, are present in the sequel. Still, it also differs drastically from the original in several ways.
Happ discussed Axiom Verge 2s new mechanics and influences in an interview. Due to this, despite sharing a Metroidvania history, the sequel takes a unique approach to exploration, fighting, and puzzles.
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The first Axiom Verge featured a high-concept science fiction story with elements of transhumanism, the fungibility of reality, and a dubious biomechanical alien race. Many of the ideas in Axiom Verge 2 are carried over from its predecessor, but it also finds some new sources of inspiration.
The connecting thread between both games can be found in the writings of Alastair Reynolds, a former astronomer, and physicist who now writes hard sci-fi and space opera. Huge time stretches, nearly omnipresent nanotechnology and space opera themes like those found in the Mass Effect franchise are all present in both Happs and Reynolds novels.
RELATED: Dark Moonlight Is An Upcoming Action Horror Adventure Announced For PC
Although they could be let down, players seeking clarification on Traces story might be. Even though the events of AV2 provide Axiom Verge with new context, it is not a straight sequel to the first games narrative, leaving numerous unsolved questions and room for other tales in the Axiom Verge universe.
The narrative of Axiom Verge 2 includes a tonal shift in terms of storytelling in addition to the new gameplay and influences.
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Axiom Verge 2 The Games Sole Creator, Thomas Happ, Discusses How Science Fiction Impacted Bot... - Happy Gamer
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From Silk Road to NFTs: Why Musician and Artist Tycho Sees Web3 as the Endgame – Decrypt
Posted: at 7:25 am
Tycho first heard about crypto back in the Silk Road days, calling the underground marketplace the coolest thing in the world at the time. Now, decidedly legit, hes launching his own Tycho Open Source Community using Polygon NFTs.
Tycho says he bought his first hardware wallet in 2011, but didnt put Bitcoin on it. In an interview with Decrypt, the artistalso known as Scott Hansen, or ISO50 from his blogging days in the aughtsshared the story of how he got into crypto and Web3.
In 2016, he bought Ethereum and vowed to never sell it, just to see what happened with it.
We should get this thing Ethereum, he recalled telling musician Jakub Alexander at the time while on tour. Bitcoin is old school but Ethereum, this things cool.
He then all but forgot about his crypto for years as he kept making music and visual art. Hansen designed all the graphics for his albums and engineered his distinct melodic, ethereal electronic soundmusic which earned him two Grammy nominations.
Our pact was that we should never sell any of it, and see what happens with it, he said of the ETH hes still hodling today.
In 2021, Hansen released some NFTs on Nifty Gateway and OpenSea, which he calls a learning experience. Inspired by the likes of Beeple, Justin Blau (3lau), and artist Reuben Wu, Hansen sees Web3 and crypto as a great fit for his community.
We knew each other from speaking at graphic design conferences back in the day, Hansen said of Beeple, who recently collaborated with Madonna on an NSFW NFT collection.
Tychos communitywhich he says includes VFX artists, musicians, and other graphic designerswas first formed in the blogosphere but has since spread to a token-gated Discord server.
Given its collaborative and professional members, its not unlike the one music producer Illmind is also building through NFTs with his Squad of Knights, which offers holders IRL perks like recording studio space and musical collaboration opportunities.
Hansen sees Web3 as a way for artists to get rid of the middleman of social media.
Web2 social media platforms came around and kind of hijacked this whole thing, Hansen said of how social media changed internet communities. It doesnt really feel like a two-way street anymore.
When he learned about Medallion, a full-service crypto platform, Hansen was intrigued. He said he started working with the company because he found their terms appealing.
What is interesting to me about the Web3 space and leveraging Web3 to this end is, with Patreon, youre just creating a login, Hansen said.
But with his Open Source community, which grants holders access to things like advance album listening parties, and livestreams, the artist owns the data.
Hansen said he always wants the NFTswhich act as access tokensto be free, while additional perks might cost money or crypto in the future.
I think this was the endgame, to create this kind of community space, this Web3 community, Hansen said.
As for whether Hansen will release any music NFTs under his Tycho alias in the future, its something he says hes exploring. Hansen told Decrypt he has a couple releases on the horizon that he might turn into music NFTs, but that he doesnt have concrete plans yet.
When asked why electronic artists like Steve Aoki, 3lau, deadmau5, Dillon Francis, and himself are so open to Web3 compared to artists in other genres, Hansen has a few ideas.
Electronic musicians in general [] have to be somewhat technically adept to even be able to get into it, and I think youre probably pretty interested in technology just as a general concept anyways if youre getting into this kind of music, he said.
As someone with a background in computer science, digital graphic design, and electronic music, Web3 and crypto felt like a natural thing for Hansen to explore.
In his view, Web3 hasnt leveled the playing fieldits still hard for new musicians to find successbut he believes Web3 will eventually become the norm.
Im not looking at it [...] as this like utopian vision that it kind of was being touted as at the beginning, he said. But I definitely think its another tool in the toolkit of artists, so anytime we have any other kind of leverage I think that is going to shift [the] power dynamic in some way.
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From Silk Road to NFTs: Why Musician and Artist Tycho Sees Web3 as the Endgame - Decrypt
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The Three-City Problem of Modern Life – WIRED
Posted: at 7:25 am
But today there is a third city affecting the other two. Silicon Valley, this third city, is not governed primarily by reason (it is practically the mark of a great entrepreneur to not be reasonable), nor by the things of the soul (the dominant belief seems to be a form of materialism). It is a place, rather, governed by the creation of value. And a large component of value is utilitywhether something is useful, or is at least perceived as good or beneficial.
I realize that some people in Silicon Valley think of themselves as building rationalist enterprises. Some of them might be. The citys guiding spirit, however, is summed up by investor and podcast host Shane Parris, popular among the Silicon Valley set, when he says: The real test of an idea isnt whether its true, but whether its useful. In other words, utility trumps truth or reason.
Our new centurythe world from 2000 to the present dayis dominated by Silicon Valleys technological influence. This city has produced world-changing products and services (instantaneous search results, next-day delivery of millions of products, constant connectivity to thousands of friends) that create and shape new desires. This new city and the new forces it has unleashed are affecting humanity more than anything Tertullian could have imagined.
And this new city is growing in power. Never before have the questions of Athens and the questions of Jerusalem been mediated to us by such a great variety of things that vie for our attention and our desires. Silicon Valley, this third city, has altered the nature of the problem that Tertullian was wrestling with. The questions of what is true and what is good for the soul are now mostly subordinated to technological progressor, at the very least, the questions of Athens and Jerusalem are now so bound up with this progress that its creating confusion.
It is hard to escape the utilitarian logic of Silicon Valley, and we lie to ourselves when we rationalize our motivations. The most interesting thing about the cryptocurrency craze was the ubiquity of white papersthe framing of every new product in purely rational terms, or the need to present it as a product of Athens. And then there was Dogecoin.
Were not living in a world of pure reason or religious enchantment, but something entirely new.
Reason, religion, and the technology-driven quest to create value at any cost are now interacting in ways we scarcely understand, but which have vast influence over our everyday lives. Our two-decades-long experiment with social media has already shown the extent to which reason, or Athens, is being flooded with so much content that many have referred to it as a post-truth environment. Some social psychologists, like Jonathan Haidt, believe its making us crazy and undermining our democracy. Humanity is at a crossroads. We are trying to reconcile various needsfor rationality, for worship, for productivityand the tension of this pursuit shows up in the things we create. Because the three cities are interacting, we are now living with technology-mediated religion (online church services) and technology-mediated reason (280-character Twitter debates); religiously adopted technology (bitcoin) and religiously observed reason (Covid-19 cathedrals of safety); rational religion (effective altruism) and rational technology (3D-printed assisted-suicide pods).
If Tertullian were alive today, I believe he would ask: What does Athens have to do with Jerusalemand what do either have to do with Silicon Valley? In other words, how do the domains of reason and religion relate to the domain of technological innovation and its financiers in Silicon Valley? If the Enlightenment champion Steven Pinker (a resident of Athens) walked into a bar with a Trappist monk (Jerusalem) and Elon Musk (Silicon Valley) with the goal of solving a problem, would they ever be able to arrive at a consensus?
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The Three-City Problem of Modern Life - WIRED
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What is a Libertarian? Beliefs & Examples | Study.com
Posted: at 7:23 am
Libertarian Theory
Libertarians believe in the governing and economic concepts of individualism, spontaneous order, rule of law, and limited government.
Most Libertarians tend to believe in conservativism on economic issues. They believe strongly in free-market capitalism, deregulation of business through laissez-faire practices, and any other liberty that a business enterprise can enjoy. Libertarians are against the current progressive income-tax system and support a revamp of the entire system. They will also more closely align with conservatives when it comes to limited government involvement, not just in business but also in state or local matters.
Libertarians base their economic leanings on the spontaneous order concept. They argue that society will experience the most efficient economic model through self-interest and self-preservation. Businesses and individuals overtime will naturally find the most useful ways to combine resources to be both profitable and efficient.
When it comes to enforcing laws and the legal system, Libertarians want the government restricted to its proper place as defined in the Constitution. Libertarians continue to stress limited government but with a strong sense of rule of law, which means no person or entity is above the law. Libertarians believe that rule of law, under the guidance of the Constitution, is the supreme law of the land in the United States and all else falls inferior to that.
On the left-leaning side of the spectrum, Libertarians are against almost all forms of government involvement in private or family matters. They strongly believe and will advocate for individual rights. Libertarian social stances include decriminalizing marijuana, having no authority or regulation on abortions, and promoting a strong defense of individualism. This usually means that a person has strong authority over themselves and is not centrally controlled by another entity like a government. They also agree with more liberal policies for a clear separation of church and state.
On foreign policy and military matters, Libertarians are typically more conservative. They believe the military should be only used to secure national borders or defend against domestic threats. Libertarians usually oppose most wars and the foreign relations the U.S. has been involved in.
Regardless of the political spectrum, which the Libertarian Party will argue they do not belong on either the left or the right side, their main principles are:
The Libertarian Party is most well known for its specific pro-business or business-friendly policies. Libertarians believe that businesses owners best operate in a mostly free enterprise economic system. Libertarians often take the position that the more freedom businesses are able to enjoy, the more beneficial they can be towards society creating goods and services.
The party pushes for deregulation of business through laissez-faire practices and any other liberty that a business enterprise can enjoy. Libertarian proponents will argue that if the government stays in its constitutional sphere of influence and does not interfere with business operations through regulation or taxes, the economy will prosper.
In economic terms, this makes the whole of the laissez-faire argument align with supply-side economic policy. This means that the government would be cutting taxes, deregulating businesses as well as making financing easier to come by so that business can increase their production.
Though the modern Libertarian Party was founded in the early 1970s, its roots trace back to key political figures in Europe and the US founding fathers. In the 18th century, Thomas Hobbes and John Locke constructed "libertarian" ideals in Europe through their works. Thomas Hobbes wrote the Social Contract Theory which directly represents the base of the Libertarian "Spontaneous Order" belief. John Locke wrote the Treatise of Government that primarily discussed that the whole purpose of government is to protect the natural rights of its citizens, which is the foundation of the Libertarian movement. People like Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and Thomas Paine all wrote and debated the purpose of government and how a limited government that protects the rights of its citizens would be the best foundation of the new nation of the United States.
The Libertarian Party was founded and became official in 1971 and had its first national convention in 1972. The party quickly became the 3rd most popular political party in the U.S. because of the growing neo-libertarian movement brought on by the resentment of government in the post-Vietnam timeline, as well as the district of government following the Nixon Administration era. By 1980, they were able to place a candidate on the ballots in all 50 states.
Today, the Libertarian Party has representation in all 50 states and supports candidates in elections ranging from local officials all the way to candidates for Presidential Office. The party is also heavily involved in high school and college campuses nationwide. There are multiple private organizations that are associated with the Libertarian Party that help with fundraising, election or poll working, membership, and advertising.
Some of these organizations include:
The official symbol of the Libertarian Party is the Statue of Liberty however a lot of organizations associated with the party utilize the hedgehog as the unofficial mascot symbol. The hedgehog animal is a defensive animal that does not bother anyone but will act in an aggressive way when provoked.
Although no Libertarian candidate has won the Presidential election or a Governorship, they have seen some limited success in local and other state-wide elections. Some candidates have made switches to other parties for better exposure and success. Most Libertarians have switched to the Republican party, but a few have changed over to the Democratic Party when they needed more national or state recognition.
Libertarian Presidential Candidates have never earned an electoral college vote (270 total electoral votes to win Presidency) but they have secured hundreds of thousands to millions of the popular vote across the U.S. This has greatly impacted close elections on the national stage.
With the growing partisanship in modern-day politics, third parties like Libertarians have been gaining a sizeable following and influence in national politics. Several members from other political parties even show tendencies to align more with Libertarians to gain their support in elections or on important pieces of policy.
Some of the more well known "Libertarian Friendly" politicians are:
President Donald Trump (R) was able to gain a following from some Libertarian voters during the 2016 and 2020 campaigns by appealing to "hands-off Government" policies that Libertarians support.
In recent state-wide campaigns, discontented Democratic and Republican voters are starting to show more support for independent third-parties and will start to vote or align themselves more with Libertarian causes.
With more and more American citizens discouraged by the two-party system, many are looking to find a "new home" with the Libertarian cause. The Libertarian Party has seen more involvement with their movement and is seen at the forefront of some of these key national hot topics in the U.S. :
Examples of Libertarian stances on more conservative, or right-leaning, economic issues:
Examples of Libertarian stances on more liberal, or left-leaning, social issues:
Libertarians face constant criticism from the general population but also from Democrat and Republican officials. Since the platform is strongly opinionated on hot-topic issues, they often receive many negative comments towards their officials or policies.
For example, critics would argue that the belief in a deregulated economy, markets, and businesses free of government involvement, could abuse the nation's resources or does not necessarily create efficient economic opportunities for all citizens.
Opponents against the Libertarian Party have even cited that there are no historical or modern examples of a nation being successfully lead by majority libertarian policies. Opposition towards the platform also debates that the concept of Libertarianism is borderline neo-anarchism where, if there is not enough government involvement, it could lead to a collapse of a nation.
The U.S. political system is still dominated by the two major parties, Republican and Democrat, but independent third parties like Liberatairians play a key role in local, state, and national elections and policy influence.
The modern Libertarian Party was founded in the 1970s but has historical influence from European politicians like John Locke and Adam Smith. Founding fathers like Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and Thomas Paine all played an important role in establishing a base of beliefs for the modern Libertarian movement.
Multiple organizations support and associate themselves with the Libertarian Party from various sectors like education advocates, business groups, religious organizations, other political parties, and more. The party and movement have gained small success in local, state, and national elections.
Libertarians usually align themselves with conservatives when it comes to economic or financial issues. They usually support more liberal stances when it comes to individual liberties, civil rights, family, or private matters. When it comes to foreign policy, the platform takes more of a pacifist isolation stance.
Modern politicians, even if they are not Libertarian party members, try to appeal more to Libertarians because of the growing popularity in the party's platform.
Libertarians have faced strong criticism, mostly concerning their stance on the lack of government regulation. Critics argue this would only encourage anarchism and a failed government would lead to a dissolved nation and a collapsed society.
Because of their strong beliefs about personal freedoms, Libertarian platforms tend to focus heavily on business and free trade. For example, in the United States, business and economic trade is heavily monitored and regulated by the government to ensure that it's fair and safe. Libertarians might claim that this governmental involvement restricts a person's right to make a living however they choose and would advocate for no governmental restrictions.
Rather than support the government's role in economic trade and commerce, Libertarians tend to encourage an open and unregulated system in which people are free to conduct their business as they see fit. This type of economic system is what is known as laissez-faire capitalism.
Unlike other political belief systems, like Republican and Democratic, it can be difficult to pinpoint where Libertarianism started and how it evolved. This is because Libertarianism isn't really a political affiliation; it's more of a personal philosophy that strongly influences a person's political views.
For example, Libertarian thought can be traced back to 18th century Europe, during a time in which many people began to advocate for smaller governments and increased personal freedoms. These 'free thinkers,' as they're known, placed considerable importance on personal autonomy, which emphasized an individual's right to make decisions for themselves and act on their own behalf.
In the United States, Libertarianism grew out of the Neoliberal movement during the 1970s. Like Libertarians, Neoliberals wanted a more open and unrestricted form of commerce and society that was free from governmental interference.
The Libertarians became an official U.S. political party in 1971, in an effort to challenge American policies on issues like the Vietnam War and economic depression. For more than 40 years, the Libertarian party has run in elections on a platform that opposes foreign intervention, advocates free trade, and encourages limiting governmental powers.
As you might imagine, such strong opinions and beliefs about politics and society are not without their critics. The most common criticism of Libertarianism is its focus on the individual. The right to do whatever you want, whenever you want may sound good in theory, but nations are made up of different people who need to compromise in order to make it work. In light of this, there are no examples of a Libertarian nation anywhere in the world.
Another common criticism of Libertarianism is their perspective on substantially reduced government. Once again, in theory, getting rid of restrictions and governmental involvement may sound like a good thing, but it has substantial downsides. For example, imagine what would happen if the government eliminated the Department of Education. This would save federal money and reduce governmental involvement in private life, but it would dramatically affect the number of people that could go to college in the United States by eliminating federally subsidized student loans.
Though some critics will admit that Libertarian beliefs and perspectives are not entirely invalid, it's widely believed that these theories don't work in the context of a functioning society, and would likely lead to much larger earning gaps, social inequality, and so on.
In theory, the perspectives and beliefs of Libertarianism may sound reasonable, or even enticing. After all, personal freedom, autonomy, and the right live your life the way that you see fit are admirable goals. From the critics' perspective, however, limiting the government and engaging in laissez-faire capitalism would have a harmful effect on society, and perhaps even worsen the problems that Libertarianism hopes to solve.
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Libertarian Vs. Liberal (Whats The Difference?) – The Cold Wire
Posted: at 7:23 am
Among the political parties, the libertarian party is often confused with being either conservative or liberal.
Many even confuse libertarianism with liberalism.
Part of that is due to libertarianisms origin in Classical Liberalism.
However, there are several differences between libertarianism and liberalism.
Well dig into them and the different types of each.
The primary difference between a libertarian and a liberal is the way in which they view the government.
A libertarian believes that the government should have minimal involvement in economic and social policies.
They believe that the government coerces society too much.
Instead of the government, they believe that individuals can hold themselves accountable.
Liberals believe that the government is something society needs to help them achieve freedom and equality.
Liberals use peaceful protests to push their agendas.
However, theyre not afraid to use civilized violence to also state their cases.
Civilized violence is something like intimidation.
They differ in how they approach protesting from libertarians.
Libertarians believe in non-violent protests.
They rely on rational debate.
The very foundation of their philosophy is an ethical one.
Their belief in 100% voluntary contracts without coercion means that they are responsible for themselves and their behavior.
There are a few different ways to measure equality.
One is equality of outcome.
This type of equality means that the processes or methods used arent equal, but the end result is equal.
An example is the taxation of the rich.
A rich individual needs to pay more taxes than a poorer individual.
As a result, everyone in society is able to receive equal benefits like healthcare, security, and income.
While everyone is equal in the end, the method in which they achieve that equality is not equal.
The rich have to contribute more than the poor.
This type of concept is something that liberal philosophy adopts.
They believe in equality of outcome.
They also rely on the government to determine whats fair for everyone involved in society.
Then the government must reinforce those regulations.
The other type of equality is equality of opportunity.
This type of equality means that everyone follows the same rules.
If they break the rule, then theyre punished the same.
An example is two individuals that get caught speeding on the highway.
Theyre arrested and taken to court.
If one of those individuals is able to hire a rich attorney, then they may be able to bend the rules in their favor.
Equality of opportunity means that both individuals have the same access to the same resources for their defense.
They are both given the same punishment regardless of their wealth or identity because they broke the law.
You follow the rules like everyone else, or you receive punishment like everyone else.
Libertarians believe in equality of opportunity.
When everyone has to follow the same rulebook, then society is equal.
Originally, libertarianism was a part of Classical Liberalism.
It shared many of the same views on the economy as Classical Liberalism.
It wasnt until the 1960s and the Vietnam War that libertarianism started to branch out on its own.
During the Vietnam War, anti-war protests were common.
Americans were being drafted and forced to fight in a war that they didnt believe in.
Individuals started to see it as the government forcing itself into the lives of people when it had no business doing so.
Libertarianism suggested that society should live without most, if not all, forms of government coercion.
The idea attracted both liberals and conservatives to it.
While there are several types of libertarianism, there are two main schools of thought.
One is that society should exist without government involvement entirely.
Instead, control comes either from corporations or labor forces.
The other school of thought, one that Modern Libertarians adopt, is that the government needs minimal involvement.
Limited government control is primarily over the military defense and thats it.
Otherwise, they believe that individuals can hold themselves accountable.
Liberalism began with Classical Liberalism.
Its a school of thought that believes people are bound by their own agreements, contracts, and decisions.
They also believe in voluntary association, self-interest, and incentives.
This means that an individual has the right to make the choice to work a job that they dont want to because it pays well.
That same person also has the right to work at a job that they enjoy.
Out of Classical Liberalism came many different types of liberalism.
One of the main types that contrast from Classical Liberalism is Welfare Liberalism.
Welfare liberals believe that the people deserve certain welfare guarantees.
They also expect the government to fund and enforce those welfare guarantees.
Welfare liberals also focus on social obligations.
Theyre less concerned with basic rights.
They believe that those who are financially fortunate have a social obligation to help those who are not.
They have a right to help and serve their community.
As a result, theyre more inclined to seek help from the government to enforce those rights and social obligations.
This is different from Classical Liberalism which favors incentives.
They believe that individuals can better themselves through their upbringing and participation in certain jobs and organizations.
Libertarians have ties to both left-wing and right-wing policies.
Many consider them extreme radicals of the left or right.
In truth, they reside at the center of the political spectrum.
Some types of libertarianism are even more liberal or more conservative than the actual political parties themselves.
Some of the right-wing policies that libertarians share with conservatives are their stances on the economy.
Libertarians are in favor of tax cuts to stimulate the economy.
Their tax cuts arent reserved solely for corporations and big businesses, however.
Both conservatives and libertarians believe that the government needs to stay out of the market.
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Libertarian Vs. Liberal (Whats The Difference?) - The Cold Wire
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Libertarianism Philosophy and History – Study.com
Posted: at 7:23 am
Libertarianism Defined
Larry is a libertarian. Libertarianism is a political philosophy that places the political and social value of personal liberty over all other political values, even those like equality. Liberty is a political concept that means to be free from undue or oppressive restraints on a person's actions, thoughts or beliefs imposed by the State. A person with liberty possesses certain social, political and economic rights protected from improper private and public interference.
Keep in mind that from the standpoint of political thought, liberty is different from freedom. Freedom is, in its purist form, unrestrained action. Liberty is more restrained. For example, while Larry has the liberty of movement, he does not have the liberty to move his fist into someone's face.
Basically, you can think of libertarianism as valuing personal autonomy above all else - to be left alone, free from the coercion of other people, and especially the State. Consequently, Larry and other libertarians are pretty much hostile to all but the bare minimum of government, whose role is simply to prevent coercion and acts of fraud.
While the roots of libertarianism can be traced back to the 18th and 19th centuries and the writings of philosophers such as John Locke and John Stuart Mill, the modern formulation started in the 1950s. Some contemporary leaders of libertarian political thought include Robert Nozick, Murray Rothbard, Milton Friedman and F.A. Hayek.
Larry has been pretty politically active as a libertarian and decided to go to a libertarian convention. While at the convention, he was quite surprised to find out that not all libertarians think like he does. In fact, there are different types of libertarian philosophies. Let's take a quick look.
Larry's form of libertarianism is grounded upon natural rights, based in large part on the writings of the English philosopher John Locke. Locke believed that all people had certain rights pursuant to 'natural law,' which are universal principles that govern all human action.
Under natural rights libertarianism, the sole role of the State should be to protect the individual rights of its citizens. In other words, the government's role should be restricted to providing for the personal security of citizens against crime, preventing citizens from being coerced into doing something against their will and ensuring that personal property rights are protected.
Larry meets Charlie at the convention. Charlie adheres to consequentialists libertarianism, which means that Charlie doesn't rely upon a complicated theory of natural rights to support a limited government. Instead, Charlie and other followers of consequentialists libertarianism believe a minimalist government provides for better consequences than a large amount of government intervention. Charlie believes resources are allocated more efficiently through private market transactions and people are better at looking after their own interests than a government. Thus, the consequences of libertarianism lead to a better society overall.
Larry also meets Ayn at the conference. Ayn believes in anarcho-capitalism. Anarcho-capitalists believe that there is no need for even a minimal State. According to Ayn and her fellow anarcho-capitalists, private firms can perform all functions traditionally performed by a government. For example, instead of a police force, people would simply contract with private security firms to provide protection and private court systems to enforce contracts. Even money would be a private affair, where firms would compete for individuals to use their private currencies. This type of society would be based almost entirely on voluntary contractual relations.
Let's review what we've learned. Libertarianism is a political philosophy that has roots in the 18th and 19th centuries but didn't come into its own until the 1950s. Libertarianism holds personal liberty above all other political values. Libertarians advocate for a minimal government that should only protect individual liberty from coercion and fraud.
You can actually divide libertarian theory into a few different schools of thought. Natural rights libertarianism holds personal liberty above all else and believes the government's role should be restricted to protecting that liberty. Consequentialists libertarianism believes that individual choice and markets free of government intervention lead to a better society. Anarcho-capitalists believe that society can function perfectly well without any government whatsoever by relying on voluntary exchanges between individuals and firms.
After this lesson is done, you should be able to:
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