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Amnesty International and ProtonMail join forces to fight cyber censorship – Amnesty International
Posted: March 11, 2017 at 7:43 am
On the occasion of World Day Against Cyber Censorship, ProtonMail and Amnesty International join forces to show how internet restrictions affect people around the world.
As the worlds largest encrypted email provider, ProtonMail is the privacy tool of choice for journalists, activists and privacy conscious everyday users. Today when logging into their inboxes, ProtonMails 2 million users from 150 countries will see Amnesty Internationals latest findings on cyber censorship.
The internet is a powerful tool for free speech and activism, but in the wrong hands it can also be a tool for repression.
The internet is a powerful tool for free speech and activism, but in the wrong hands it can also be a tool for repression. Amnesty International has documented cases of advanced "techno-censorship" across the world, as governments race to find new tools and tactics to silence dissent. The range of cyber censorship and surveillance tactics being employed by governments is getting more sophisticated with each passing year, with dire consequences for freedom of expression, said Sherif Elsayed-Ali, Head of Technology and Human Rights at Amnesty International.
Amnesty International and ProtonMail want people who believe in a free internet to take action. The tech firms developing the architecture of the internet need to build in stronger security, with end-to-end encryption for example, that we can use to protect our rights to privacy and free speech online. The decisions made about the nature of the internet will affect our societies for a generation to come.
The decisions made about the nature of the internet will affect our societies for a generation to come.
Each year governments around the world are increasingly restricting internet freedom. With the use of IP address blocking today Turkey and Saudi Arabia block over 50,000 and 400,000 websites respectively; including news and social media networking sites. Chinas Great Firewall continues to restrict internet to over 800 million users.
Cyber censorship not only steals peoples rights to freedom of information but can also have the disastrous effect of hampering creative and scientific development needed for a brighter future.
Cyber censorship not only steals peoples rights to freedom of information but can also have the disastrous effect of hampering creative and scientific development needed for a brighter future Dr. Andy Yen, co-founder and CEO ProtonMail.
It is becoming an increasingly common practice for governments to shut off the Internet during moments of unrest and protest, such as Ethiopia did on more than one occasion in 2016. Last year several governments also shut down encrypted messaging apps, like Signal in Egypt and Whats App in Brazil.
Cyber censorship is further exacerbated by the indifference from some of the biggest tech companies towards their users privacy. Last year, Yahoo confirmed that it cooperated with the NSA to implement a special surveillance software to scan all its users emails for the agencys use.
On 21 October 2016, Amnesty International warned that tech companies like Snapchat and Microsoft are failing to adopt basic privacy protections on their instant messaging services, putting users human rights at risk. Only 3 of 11 tech firms examined in Amnesty Internationals Message Privacy Ranking provide end-to-end encryption by default on all their messaging apps.
Today we are changing our login page to stimulate a debate about online privacy, digital freedom and cyber censorship. Many of our users are journalists, dissidents and everyday users who have experienced internet restrictions in one way or another and who have turned to encrypted email to secure their communications, said Dr. Andy Yen, ProtonMail co-founder and CEO.
Cyber censorship not only steals peoples rights to freedom of information but can also have the disastrous effect of hampering creative and scientific development needed for a brighter future. Earlier this year ProtonMail launched a Tor hidden website to combat censorship and today we are happy to highlight the brave work Amnesty international is doing to protect civil liberties online.
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Twitter Tests Censoring Entire User Accounts over ‘Sensitive Content’ – Breitbart News
Posted: at 7:43 am
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Mashable first reported on the feature when one of their contributors attempted to view the profile of tech analyst Justyn Warren but was unable to determine why or how the account was flagged. Warren was notinformed that his profile was hidden, nor understood exactly why Twitter imposed the measure on his account. Warrens tweets seem to contain some swearing, but nothing serious enough to seem to warrant a sensitive content warning. His profile has since been unflagged.
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Soon enough, there were reports of other accounts being grayed out:
Twitter claims that this new feature is to make the experience safer for users, and that it follows similar steps to their other safety features. Media, such as photos or videos,can already be reported as sensitive, with Twitter having the ability to mark an entire users media posts as sensitive permanently if they so choose. However, this new step verges away from stopping everyone immediately seeing pornography or graphic images to something potentially more worrying.
Abhimanyu Ghoshal writing atTheNextWeb posited some of the negative outcomes, imagining if a potential employer looked up your profile and found that it was greyed out; its possible they could get the wrong impression about your online presence. Or, if you had an important idea to share, but people couldnt see your tweets because you cursed once [Twitter] needs to be careful that it doesnt end up censoring its users and stifl[ing] free speech.
Twitters safety features are done via an opt-out system, whereby users have to go into their profile and deliberately change their settings in order to ensure that they see everything they want to. There is merit to allowing people to avoid things they do not want to Gab, the free speech alternative to Twitter, implemented a word-filtering feature that Twitter lateradopted but this was the choice of the users, and not forced upon them as default.
This is not the first time Twitter has implemented new features that tend towards censorship. If accounts are seen to have potentially abusive behavior, they are locked out for a certain period of time.In February, Twitter announced safer search results, filtering out sensitive tweets, and collapsing abusive tweets from being seen as replies underneath a tweet.
Jack Hadfield is a student at the University of Warwick and a regular contributor to Breitbart Tech. You can follow him on Twitter @ToryBastard_ or on Gab @JH.
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Commentary Open Forum: The real ‘Logan’ Movie slices through censorship – The Winchester Star
Posted: at 7:43 am
Justin Chaffee
Anyone disturbed or surprised by the content and presentation of Logan has never read any of the comics/graphic novels involving this character, aka Wolverine.
Concerned moviegoers should understand producers of previous films involving Marvels popular foul-mouthed, cigar-toting antihero were not only doing audiences a huge favor by omitting the realistic gore that would result from Logans slicing and dicing, but also protecting their own budgeting-butts, bub. Ever bothered to track the body count in other movies?
Logan is a womanizing, problem-drinking, pro-bone-oh curbside-ampu-surgeon. Mutate this with a soft spot for defenseless loners and a rageful disposition toward oppressive organizations, and the result is a perfect role model for any Generation X-er.
Previous films subtly portray the heros true attributes and abilities as best as PG-13 ratings would allow. In X-Men: First Class, 20th Century Fox grants Wolverine the only allowable f-word, in his brief 60 seconds on screen. The new release comforts true fans in that Hollywood is finally growing a pair (of claws) to show audiences the real Logan through Logan.
American censorship is just a manifestation of unnecessary fear. It was culturally necessary that the conservative, home-schooling mom accidentally took her kids to see Sausage Party, before realizing its content was not suitable for her family. She should have done her research first.
How does she protect her children from hearing what some people publicly blast through the car radio? A theater accidentally showing a red-ban trailer in front of a family feature holds slightly different circumstances, yet all children grow up and will experience similar themes in the real world eventually. These types of mistakes just expedite the process.
Its a brave new world, again. Endless possibilities.
Justin Chaffee is a resident of Winchester and Newport News.
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Commentary Open Forum: The real 'Logan' Movie slices through censorship - The Winchester Star
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Ron Paul: Testimony in Support of Arizona Honest Money Bill, HB2014 – SilverSeek.com
Posted: at 7:43 am
Ron Paul visited the Arizona state Senate Committee on Finance on Wed. March 8, 2017 to testify in support of what he called a "very important" honest money bill, HB2014.
"If you want to have liberty and limit the size of government, you have to have honest money," said Paul.
The proposed legislation would treat gold and silver as they should be under the Constitution - that is, as money. In doing so, the state would no longer tax "capital gains" on the exchange of federal reserve notes for gold/silver and vice versa.
"We ought not to tax money - and that's a good idea. It makes no sense to tax money," said Paul.
Passage into law would remove a major roadblock in the way of gold and silver being used by everyday people. As Paul noted, the legislation would be "legalizing competition in a constitutional fashion."
The bill had previously passed the state House and after Paul's testimony, passed the Senate committee by a 4-3- vote. It will now need to pass the Senate rules committee and the full Senate before heading to the Governor's desk.
Similar legislation is up for consideration in 2017 in Maine, Idaho, Alabama, Texas, and elsewhere.
Thank you to the Arizona chapters of both the Campaign for Liberty and Tenth Amendment Center for all their work.
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Ron Paul to AZ lawmakers: End capital gains tax on gold coins – Arizona Daily Star
Posted: at 7:43 am
PHOENIX Invoking claims of illegally printed paper money, the use of gold in the Bible and even foreign entanglements, former Congressman Ron Paul urged Arizona lawmakers Wednesday to let coin collectors and investors escape the states capital gains tax.
Paul, a three-time presidential hopeful, told members of the Senate Finance Committee its not fair or even legal from his perspective for the government to take its share when someone who bought a coin at $300 later sells it for $1,200.
He said the value of the coin really remains the same. Its the value of that paper money money he contends is fraud thats gone down.
Pauls testimony helped buttress similar claims by Rep. Mark Finchem, R-Oro Valley, who already has ushered the tax break in HB 2014 through the House. The result was the Senate panel giving its OK on a 4-3 party-line vote and sending it to the full Senate.
But the real hurdle remains Republican Gov. Doug Ducey who vetoed similar measures in 2015 and again last year saying he feared the unintended consequences of such a change in tax law.
That isnt a unique concern. In 2013, Republican Jan Brewer also used her veto stamp.
This would result in lost revenue to the state, while giving businesses that buy and sell collectible coins or currency originally authorized by Congress an unfair advantage, she wrote at the time.
That was exactly the complaint made Wednesday by Sen. Steve Farley, D-Tucson, in urging colleagues to kill the measure.
He said the legislation would make sense if a $20 gold piece sold for $20 in what most people recognize as legal currency. But what it sells for, Farley said, is based on a combination of the amount of precious metal, the condition of the coin and the demand for what might be a rare coin.
So to give someone a capital gains tax break on the money they make from selling that coin seems like just simply a tax giveaway that other people would be paying for because were going to need to get enough money to pay for our roads and schools anyway, Farley said.
Why does the government need the money is the big question, Paul said. Anyway, he said, if the government needs money it should tax people more honestly than by making them pay capital gains for their efforts to protect themselves against inflation.
Farley, for his part, said the flaw in the arguments by supporters of the legislation is that somehow the type of investment decision should govern its tax liability.
Theres a lot of places people can decide to invest their money as a hedge against inflation, he said.
You can invest it in stocks, you can invest it in real estate, your house, a lot of other things, Farley continued. That also goes up in value over time and that represents, at least in some part, inflation.
The difference here, Farley said, is that people pay capital gains taxes taxed when they sell a stock or any other investment for a profit; this bill creates a special exemption for gold and silver coins.
So to me thats picking winners and losers, he told the former Texas congressman.
I understand your point, Paul responded. But the important point is stocks are not money and gold and silver is money.
And that goes to his contention that theres no legal basis for all this paper money out there.
Congress is allowed to coin money, Paul said. They dont have the authority to print money.
One thing the panel did not consider is what would be the cost to the state of such an exemption.
No one was able to provide a figure of the tax implications of such an exemption.
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Ron Paul to AZ lawmakers: End capital gains tax on gold coins - Arizona Daily Star
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GOP Favorite Ron Paul Stumps For Dumping Gold-Coin Tax In AZ – KJZZ
Posted: at 7:43 am
KJZZ | GOP Favorite Ron Paul Stumps For Dumping Gold-Coin Tax In AZ KJZZ A proposal to exempt U.S. gold coins from Arizona's capital-gains taxes got a boost from a GOP favorite. Former congressman and presidential candidate Ron Paul testified before the Senate Finance Committee on Wednesday on behalf of House Bill 2014. |
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Donald Trump Is No Libertarian – Being Libertarian – Being Libertarian
Posted: at 7:42 am
Being Libertarian | Donald Trump Is No Libertarian - Being Libertarian Being Libertarian Ladies and gentleman there you have it, straight from Merriam-Webster. It is with a sad heart that I write this article, but I feel I must. Many of us liberty minded ... |
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Why Teach? – Hill Post
Posted: at 7:42 am
This was not a question much asked in the hundred and more years between the nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries, being seen as perfectly irrelevant. There was so much to learn in order to get ahead. In virtually every country worth its name, learning came to be recognised as widely necessary in order to be able to get on top of the respective industrial revolutions, and escape the tyranny of land holdings and feudalism.
Many, many people of great intellect, of varied talents and capabilities, from learned and even aristocratic families , who were already educated in India but also definitely overseas took to teaching. They saw readily, how much at an advantage they were, in response to the demands of a new world order stark, colourless, driven; immediate and complicated on the one hand. Yet fruitfully successful on the other, with promise of various levels of prosperity and usefulness as opposed to a life of intellectual void and endless peasantry. These people taught for the calling, not for money. You often heard how such and such person had asked to be paid a rupee a year. Many considered it demeaning to ask for or even accept a salary, genuinely believing that they had something to give, of themselves and freely. And so they did. The mathematician was as familiar with Yeats as he was with cricket, thumris and Impressionism. This eclectic catholicism, generated talent or appreciation or both. And translated into a passion for independence, for the freedom to apply all we knew in our way for ourselves.
As education spread, the concept of earning a monthly income and the accompanying financial independence grew. Governance, legalities and administration had also to come into existence. And then adapt and change. But as the demand for learning, for knowledge and information grew, education as we think of it now, went into overdrive, together with the idea of a literate nation. Literacy was associated with everything from national pride to patriotism, to preseumptions and the intimations of immortality. Science and medicine began to make big break-throughs, streaking ahead into a universe of pure imagination and startling discoveries. And so too did earthly infrastructure and goods & services. These brought about spaces that needed to be occupied by front-line creativity, by support and supply lines, rules and regulations and arbitration and laws and permissions and bureaucracy. Today, it would appear, everything is available to everyone everywhere. If you know how to access the net you can do anything. Best of all, you can teach yourself anything. And be a provider instead of taker, self-esteem at your fingertips. That we are limited by nothing except the lack of imagination and will.
In truth, what has strangled our Nation, is the practically insurmountable problem of discrepancies. Created by us and of us; and, in specific cases, even for us.
Despite the proliferation of information and its construct, almost impossible to contain within specifics, a pall of distances shrouds us. We are at a time of great discomfort and suffering. Our school & college education is mostly awful. The number of young people who are class XII/ inter pass, with nothing else going for them, is enormous. It limits our horizons, constantly threatening self esteem and inclusive growth. The generous education referred to above has all but disappeared. In its place is something gooey; like some unmentionable gruel; amorphous and difficult to outrun. Teaching is suspect. Tuitions fill voids, threatening institutions. Its more about patterns and breaking codes and cracking a test with high scores. Its a way out for many. For first generation educated wanting to uplift the quality of ones own home and family, from out of wretchedness and into contentment. To combat illness and disease, suddenly all around us all the time, like stalking. Success is possible. Success can mean jobs and pay and marriage and upward mobility.
Some success may be happening, whether in suicidal frenzy or quiet isolation. But in the process there is no time for consideration of what is good or bad, but rather what can or cannot be got away with. It has spawned the venal and the feral and thus let loose the beasts of endless strife. Conscience has little or no say when it comes to the logic of income and expenditure. If there is money there can be respect. Anyone not born with the mysteries of money making in their blood is of little or no significance. As a result, employees are obligated, beholden and servile. And the employers implacable in demand. Dignity is not their purview, though pass percentages are. Sometimes.
The redress lies in education. But we are far yet from such an evolution. Literacy has turned to much upon itself. Govt. institutions are too frequently a mess despite handsome salaries, perquisites and the eternal issue of security, marriage prospects and other useful advantages. Private institutions are monotonously exploitative under the garb of cost effectivity.
The government makes all sorts of well-intentioned rules and regulations in favour of the underdog but our follow through and monitoring are generally insufficient and we continue to get away with murder. It is a huge irony that the governments definition of corruption is financial, what they refer to as ill gotten gains. But the real corruption that is choking us is the corruption of attitude and of exploitation not in the jungles of Madhya Pradesh and Orrisa but in every city and town and district. If money comes it disappears. But persecution, lack of attendance, lack of application, shortcuts, under-motivation, non-adherence, non-compliance, deliberate diversion of opportunities, blackmail, laziness, lack of initiative, intolerance, impatience to get ones way, compound the disrespect of one another. It, in fact, fills our lives. We end the day and go to sleep with it and we wake with it. Filth is everywhere, on streets, around homes and places of work and worship and worse, in our minds and actions. Make-do and jugaad are everywhere too. Little or nothing is sacrosanct. Not the Constitution; not governance and politics, not the given word, not provisioning and neither treatment nor health.
So why teach? Because. Because its the only way to bring out the better creature. The only way, comprised of a million things, that can shape an individual. And so restore the integrity she once had and which startled almost all who came to know her.
Children are killing one another in classrooms and at homes. Such is their intolerance and rage at being belittled or insulted; buffeted by deprivation or want or ridicule. There is an immediacy of care and need that we are simply not seeing, too busy filling seats and growing numbers. Whether it is because we cant see it, blinded by our own needs, or because we choose to ignore it in favour of other priorities, is anybodys guess in given situations. What is critical to acknowledge is that there is virtually no Civil Society left among us. We have neither faith nor strength enough to protect the country from ourselves.
And yet the assertion is that education can make us change. Not literacy but a totality of education that permeates our very beings. For those who may disagree, they need only to look to themselves. To their own education and wisdom. To the civility of their own homes; the ethical goodness of their own blood.
Good schools in India are countable schools that build and care and give. Those who benefit from these institutions are also countable among our vast billions. Leadership is therefore thrust upon us by circumstance. Nurturing, respectful family (irrespective of money people maybe in positions of great hardship and yet are generous and kind and an example for the children to follow); nurturing respectful school; the best of tertiary options; exclusive graduate programmes, selections and promotions and then employment almost whatever you want to do Civil Services, Defence, Corporate & Tech; any profession anywhere, business, trade & commerce, science and medicine and design and film and entertainment.
But from the moment you occupy a chair you may be looked to. Looked up to also perhaps, but certainly expected to be trustworthy and to set an example and thus to lead. It may only be a small team to begin with but you will have to lead it nevertheless. How will you lead? What will your team be? What impact upon others will your team make; how will they be perceived? What is your the reliability, that others can turn to you? If you are well brought up, your work will be ethical and perceptive. Top quality will be a primary objective. Others will be proud to be associated with you; good people will come to you and want to be part of your small still anonymous team. And that is how goodess grows. None of this is wishful thinking. There are homes and schools and teachers which send out batch after batch of good people, year after year, around the country and the world.
But, they can be counted.
So then? So then teach! Teach your Math and English and languages and science and every other subject in the world if you can. But teach it so that the learning will never be forgotten. Teach it with depth. With the very potency with which it has come to be, from its origins in thought and experience and pursuance. Who thought it? How was it come upon? What really is it? What does it change? Why should there be change? Will it exclude or encompass? Will it deprive or enrich?
Know yourself before you teach: everyday, all the time. Between class and library and office and conference and meetings and the setting of a routine by balance, by time duly managed and not made treacherous. By examples that give hope; by hope that is achievable. Create the curriculum and endorse it. Teach thinking and cogitation and introspection and pursuance. Teach from wit and imagination. Hunt for stuff from the past; show up greatness; anticipate the inheritance. Not one school or one teacher or some but every school and every child and every teacher and parent always.
Stop complaining about good teachers being unavailable. Find good people instead, and help them to become great. Tap them from the inside, where they keep dreams and capabilities and talents and skills, so far back some of them, they forget what they have. The born teacher is as much a surprise as is the teacher who started with little. Make them, like soldiers are made.
Evict the tyranny of the syllabus by a simple expedient decide on content by means of understanding what learning outcomes are and need to be. Plan the year. Teach and question. Ask so the question is not a threat and answering it is not fraught with the danger of ridicule. Teach little text and more experience. And assign. And correct. And give back and ask for more. Stick at it. Suddenly you will see how much youve done.
Decompress the exams. Work through multi-test processes. Some of which is happening but far too little. Reduce numbers in classes and increase the number of teachers so that the optimum can be maintained and so that the balance of reverence and respect cannot be easily assailed ever again. Divest from ownership and administration. Empower and monitor instead. Reward and appreciate instead of castigation, humiliation and distance. Bug, irritate, quarrel, fight, demand and give. And then look at what is coming out of your hands after 12 or 15 or 16 years. Does it fill you with pride? You may forget how it was right back then but the children will never forget you. And you may be pretty safe in the knowledge that they wont let their world down.
And thus may you go peacefully to the great sleep, where, as a little girl in class VI said, there are no pockets.
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The post-human rights world – The Phnom Penh Post
Posted: at 7:41 am
Less than two months in, President Donald Trump is already shaping up as a disaster for human rights. From his immigration ban to his support for torture, Trump has jettisoned what has long been, in theory if not always in practice, a bipartisan American commitment: the promotion of democratic values and human rights abroad.
Worse is probably set to come. Trump has lavished praise on autocrats and expressed disdain for international institutions. He described Egyptian strongman Abdel Fattah al-Sisi as a fantastic guy and brushed off reports of repression by the likes of Russias Vladimir Putin, Syrias Bashar al-Assad, and Turkeys Recep Tayyip Erdogan.
As Trump put it in his bitter inauguration address: It is the right of all nations to put their own interests first. We do not seek to impose our way of life on anyone. Kenneth Roth, the executive director of Human Rights Watch, has written that Trumps election has brought the world to the verge of darkness and threatens to reverse the accomplishments of the modern human rights movement.
But this threat is not new. In fact, the rise of Trump has only underlined the existential challenges already facing the global rights project. Over the past decade, the international order has seen a structural shift in the direction of assertive new powers, including Xi Jinpings China and Putins Russia, that have openly challenged rights norms while at the same time crushing dissent in contested territories like Chechnya and Tibet.
These rising powers have not only clamped down on dissent at home; they have also given cover to rights-abusing governments from Manila to Damascus. Dictators facing Western criticism can now turn to the likes of China for political backing and no-strings financial and diplomatic support.
This trend has been strengthened by the Western nationalist-populist revolt that has targeted rights institutions and the global economic system in which they are embedded. With populism sweeping the world and new superpowers in the ascendant, post-Westphalian visions of a shared global order are giving way to an era of resurgent sovereignty. Unchecked globalisation and liberal internationalism are giving way to a post-human rights world.
All this amounts to a challenge to the global human rights norms that have proliferated since the end of World War II. In that time, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted in 1948, has been supplemented by a raft of treaties and conventions guaranteeing civil and political rights, social and economic rights, and the rights of refugees, women and children. The collapse of the Soviet Union served to further entrench human rights within the international system.
Despite the worlds failure to prevent mass slaughter in places like Rwanda and Bosnia, the 1990s would see the emergence of a global human rights imperium: a cross-border, transnational realm anchored in global bodies like the UN and the European Union and supervised by international nongovernmental organisations and a new class of professional activists.
The professionalisation of human rights was paralleled by the advance of international criminal justice. The decade saw the creation of ad hoc tribunals for Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia and the signing in 1998 of the Rome Statute that created the International Criminal Court an achievement that then-UN secretary-general Kofi Annan hailed as a giant step forward in the march towards universal human rights and the rule of law. On paper, citizens in most countries now enjoy around 400 distinct rights.
Crucially, this legal and normative expansion was underpinned by an unprecedented period of growth and economic integration. Like the economic system in which it was embedded, the global human rights project attained a sheen of inevitability; it became, alongside democratic politics and free market capitalism, part of the triumphant neoliberal package that Francis Fukuyama identified in 1989 as the end point of mankinds ideological evolution.
In 2013, one of Americas foremost experts on international law, Peter J Spiro, predicted that legal advances and economic globalisation had brought on sovereigntisms twilight. Fatou Bensouda, the current chief prosecutor of the ICC, has argued similarly that the creation of the court inaugurated a new era of post-Westphalian politics in which rulers would now be held accountable for serious abuses committed against their own people. (So far, no sitting government leader has.)
But in 2017, at a time of increasing instability, in which the promised fruits of globalisation have failed for many to materialise, these old certainties have collapsed. In the current age of anger, as Pankaj Mishra has termed it, human rights have become both a direct target of surging right-wing populism and the collateral damage of its broader attack on globalisation, international institutions, and unaccountable global elites.
The outlines of this new world can be seen from Europe and the Middle East to Central Asia and the Pacific. Governments routinely ignore their obligations under global human rights treaties with little fear of meaningful sanction. For six years, grave atrocities in Syria have gone unanswered, despite the legal innovations of the responsibility to protect doctrine. Meanwhile, many European governments are reluctant to honour their legal obligations to offer asylum to the hundreds of thousands of people fleeing its brutal civil war.
To be sure, not all of these developments are new; international rights treaties have always represented an aspirational baseline to which many nations have fallen short. But the human rights age was one in which the world, for all its shortfalls, seemed to be trending in the direction of more adherence, rather than less. It was a time in which human rights advocates and supportive leaders spoke confidently of standing on the right side of history and even the worlds autocrats were forced to pay lip service to the idea of rights.
If the human rights age was one in which the contours of history were clear, today it is no longer obvious that history has any such grand design. According to the latest Freedom in the World report, released in January by Freedom House, 2016 marked the 11th consecutive year of decline in global freedom. It was also a year in which 67 countries suffered net declines in political freedoms and civil liberties.
Keystone international institutions are also under siege. In October, three African states South Africa, Burundi, and Gambia announced their withdrawal from the ICC, perhaps the crowning achievement of the human rights age. (Gambia has since reversed its decision, following the January resignation of autocratic president Yahya Jammeh.) Angry that the ICC unfairly targets African defendants, leaders on the continent are now mulling a collective withdrawal from the court.
African criticism reflects governments increasing confidence in rejecting human rights as Western values and painting any local organisation advocating these principles as a pawn of external forces. China and India have both introduced restrictive new laws that constrain the work of foreign NGOs and local groups that receive foreign funding, including organisations advocating human rights. In Russia, a foreign agent law passed in 2012 has been used to tightly restrict the operation of human rights NGOs and paint any criticism of government policies as disloyal, foreign-sponsored, and un-Russian.
In the West, too, support for human rights is wavering. In his successful campaign in favour of Brexit, Nigel Farage, then-leader of the UK Independence Party, attacked the European Convention on Human Rights, claiming that it had compromised British security by preventing London from barring the return of British Islamic State fighters from the Middle East.
During the US election campaign, Donald Trump demonised minorities, advocated torture, expressed admiration for dictators and still won the White House. Meanwhile, a recent report suggests that Western support for international legal institutions like the ICC is fickle, lasting only as long as it targets other problems in other countries.
In the post-human rights world, global rights norms and institutions will continue to exist but only in an increasingly ineffective form. This will be an era of renewed superpower competition, in what Robert Kaplan has described as a more crowded, nervous, anxious world. The post-human rights world will not be devoid of grassroots political struggles, however. On the contrary, these could well intensify as governments tighten the space for dissenting visions and opinions. Indeed, the wave of domestic opposition to Trumps policies is an early sign that political activism may be entering a period of renewed power and relevance.
What, then, is to be done? As many human rights activists have already acknowledged, fresh approaches are required. In December, RightsStart, a new human rights consultancy hub, launched itself by suggesting five strategies that international rights NGOs can use to adapt to the existential crisis of the current moment. (Full disclosure: I have previously worked with one of its founders.)
Among them was the need for these groups to communicate more effectively the importance of human rights and use international advocacy more often as a platform for local voices. Philip Alston, a human rights veteran and law professor at New York University, has argued that the human rights movement will also have to confront the fact that it has never offered a satisfactory solution to the key driver of the current populist surge: global economic inequality.
In a broader sense, the global human rights project will have to shed its pretensions of historical inevitability and get down to the business of making its case to ordinary people. With authoritarian politics on the rise, now is the time to re-engage in politics and to adopt more pragmatic and flexible tactics for the advancement of human betterment.
Global legal advocacy will continue to be important, but efforts should predominantly be directed downwards, to national courts and legislatures. It is here that right-wing populism has won its shattering victories. It is here, too, that the coming struggle against Trumpism and its avatars will ultimately be lost or won.
Foreign Policy
Sebastian Strangio, a former editor and reporter for The Phnom Penh Post, is a journalist and author focusing on Southeast Asia.
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Value Conflicts surrounding the Meaning of Life in the Trans/Post/Human Future – Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies
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Posthumanists and perhaps especially transhumanists tend to downplay the value conflicts that are likely to emerge in the wake of a rapidly changing technoscientific landscape. What follows are six questions and scenarios that are designed to focus thinking by drawing together several tendencies that are not normally related to each other but which nevertheless provide the basis for future value conflicts.
Steve Fuller is Auguste Comte Professor of Social Epistemology in the Department of Sociology at the University of Warwick, UK. Originally trained in history and philosophy of science, Fuller is best known for his foundational work in the field of social epistemology, which is concerned with the normative grounds of organized inquiry. He has most recently authored (with Veronika Lipinska) The Proactionary Imperative: A Foundation for Transhumanism (2013).
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