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Laboratory IT systems grapple with genetic testing surge – Healthcare IT News
Posted: June 14, 2017 at 3:46 am
BOSTON Precision medicine holds big promise, but it's also posing big challenges for hospital labs trying to manage a huge increase in requests for genetic tests.
At the HIMSS Precision Medicine Summit on Tuesday, Patrick Mathias, associate director of laboratory medicine informatics at University of Washington, spotlighted just how complex the genetic testing boom has become for clinical technology.
Hospital laboratories are "feeling the first wave of precision medicine," said Mathias, as they're "on the front lines of coordinating high-complexity testing."
[Also:How Penn Medicine primed its IT infrastructure for precision medicine]
Many hospitals rely on having to send out tests to reference laboratory when testing is unavailable at primary lab. But that leads to IT challenges for hospitals. Most distinct tests aren't integrated into EHRs and there's a big potential for order entry errors from tests not defined in clinical information systems.
As genetic testing has evolved in complexity beyond the single-gene paradigm, the genetic testing market has become similarly complex and dynamic, he said with more than 69,100 genetic testing products on the market and as many as 10 new ones every day.
[Also:EHRs and health IT infrastructure not ready for precision medicine]
To improve the management of tests and better integrate their genetic information into workflow, Seattle Childrens Hospital which spends more than $1,000,000 annually on genetic sendout testing helped launched the Pediatric Laboratory Utilization Guidance Services, or PLUGS, a nationwide network with more 60 other hospitals and health systems, with the aim of improving ordering, retrieval, interpretation and reimbursement for genetic tests.
Along the way, within its own walls, coordination between clinical and IT staff was key, said Mathias, and demanded a nuanced approach to process improvement from both sides of the equation.
The initiative required staff at Seattle Children's to embrace workflow standardization improve the efficiency of manual sendout processes through. The hospital had to bolster lab staff expertise to improve ordering process, streamlining test comparison and get better test result management.
It also made used lab genetic counselors to improve quality and reduce costs they help spot and correct errors that could impacting patient safety, said Mathias, leading to cost savings that in turn justify the addition of more resources.
Having achieved those successes, "the challenge was how can we do that so we can scale across all health systems," said Mathias.
PLUGS enables hospital labs across to decrease testing costs and errors. Seattle Children's says network members that have implemented smart utilization management have achieved savings of 10 percent or more on their sendout testing.
Within his hospital, Mathias said clinicians and IT staff are still grappling with certain aspects of precision medicine especially making better use of testing results in clinical workflow.
"There's this foundational question of, if you want data in the workflow, there has to be some EHR integration," he said. "I don't think we've really solved that question yet.
HL7 and FHIR standards are helping, he said, but "this is the tip of the iceberg we need to lower the barrier to move usable genetic data."
But while integrating genomic data remains "an ongoing challenge," said Mathias, "we are creating actionable results today."
Twitter:@MikeMiliardHITN Email the writer: mike.miliard@himssmedia.com
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Genome editing tools set to bring monumental change to healthcare – Healthcare IT News
Posted: at 3:46 am
It may still seem like science fiction, but the ability to nip-and-tuck problematic genomes to cure disease is easier than ever and will soon be getting easier.
At the HIMSS Precision Medicine Summit on Monday, Ross Wilson, principal investigator at UC Berkeley's California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, explained how tools such as CRISPR-Cas9 are set to transcend the confines of the lab to fundamentally change clinical care.
While there have been some intriguing recent strides made with gene editing technology, Wilson admits that so far, at least CRISPR's "hype eclipses early success stories."
But five to 10 years from now, he said, it "will come into its own and be safe and effective."
The process of fixing certain inheritable diseases by accessing the genome and fixing the root cause is clearly far more complex than the "cut-and-paste" analogies Wilson used to explain advanced precision medicine techniques to non-scientists.
But CRISPR-Cas9 is a "readily programmable genome-editing tool" that makes the process more intuitive and usable for researchers and clinicians than ever before.
[Also:How precision medicine can fix a broken healthcare system]
For an analogy, Wilson likened the use of similar techniques known as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) as wheeling in an '80s-era arcade game to play Frogger or Pac-Man. CRISPR-Cas9, he said, was more akin to an easy and agile Playstation.
That said, the "future of medicine" is still some way off from full fruition. There are three key hurdles to overcome, said Wilson:
Efficacy. Although cutting out a gene can be done reliably, it's still not easy or efficient to "paste" the corrected gene.
Delivery. Researchers still lack robust and reliable technology for sending genome-editing enzymes to the cells in need of repair.
Genetic understanding. Clinicians' ability to cure disease remains hamstrung by an impressive but still too limited knowledge of the underlying genetic causes, said Wilson.
"The total scope of genome editing will be defined by our genetic understanding," he said.
There are currently three conceivable approaches to genome-editing, in order of prevalence, said Wilson: ex vivo, in vivo (systemic), in vivo (targeted).
The "earliest success stories will be ex vivo" enabling clinicians to snip and edit genomes in a petri dish with a "high-efficiency that will let you do the 'pasting' of the effective gene that's hard to do in the host," he said.
In vivo delivery essentially allowing gene editing to be done by injection, whether into the body as a whole or "compartmentalized" to specific places such as the brain or the eye is the "holy grail," said Wilson. The challenge, of course, is that it's hard to distribute effectively to the correct areas of the body.
[Also:Eric Dishman wants precision medicine to move from personal to universal]
Taken as a whole, gene editing has come a long way in recent years. Early trials have been promising for diseases such as cancer, sickle cell anemia and eye disease, he said. Soon after, "I expect to see good progress on" cystic fibrosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Huntington's disease and hemophilia.
Then there are areas where "I think we'll be able to see genome editing applied to things that might be a bit more elective, but could have huge impact, since they're so common," said Wilson, such as Alzheimer's, diabetes, osteoporosis, HIV risk and cholesterol.
Still, he cautioned, "we have to wait a few years to see how safe effective this could be."
One complication for therapeutic genome editing is simply the existence of such a dizzying array of genetic diversity.
Wilson notes that it's "kind of incredible" that, of 3 billion bases in the human genome, just 3 million bases ("a fraction of a percent") of are responsible for all human diversity." Moreover, 100 to 200 bases worth of new changes arise per generation.
That means that close attention must be paid to genetic diversity and novel mutations in order to minimize the serious risks of off-target genomic editing.
Still, Wilson is convinced that genome sequencing will "come to the forefront" of primary care in the near future, with these techniques more commonly identifying genetic risk factors.
That comes with big responsibilities. Clinicians will have to design sequences to minimize off-target risks something that demands whole-genome analysis and "an established gene target will have several validated flavors of enzyme, and the appropriate one will be administered based on the patients genetic profile," he said.
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Altered virus may expand patient recruitment in human gene therapy trials – Medical Xpress
Posted: at 3:46 am
June 13, 2017 by Doug Bennett Credit: CC0 Public Domain
For many patients, participating in gene therapy clinical trials isn't an option because their immune system recognizes and fights the helpful virus used for treatment. Now, University of Florida Health and University of North Carolina researchers have found a solution that may allow it to evade the body's normal immune response.
The discovery, published May 29 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, is a crucial step in averting the immune response that prevents many people from taking part in clinical trials for various disorders, said Mavis Agbandje-McKenna, Ph.D., a professor in the University of Florida College of Medicine department of biochemistry and molecular biology and director of the Center for Structural Biology.
During gene therapy, engineered viruses are used to deliver new genes to a patient's cells. While the recombinant adeno-associated virus, or AAV, is effective at delivering its genetic cargo, prior natural exposure to AAV results in antibodies in some people. As many as 70 percent of patients have pre-existing immunity that makes them ineligible for gene therapy clinical trials, Agbandje-McKenna said.
The findings provide a road map for designing virus strains that can evade neutralizing antibodies, said Aravind Asokan, Ph.D., an associate professor in the department of genetics at the University of North Carolina, who led the study. At UF Health, the structural "footprints" where pre-existing antibodies interact with the virus were identified using cryo-electron microscope resources provided by the UF College of Medicine and the UF Office of Research's Division of Sponsored Programs. The UNC researchers then evolved new viral protein shells. Using serum from mice, rhesus monkeys and humans, the researchers showed that the redesigned virus can slip past the immune system.
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"This is the blueprint for producing AAV strains that could help more patients become eligible for human gene therapy. Now we know how to do it," Agbandje-McKenna said.
While the findings prove that one variation of AAV can be evolved, further study in preclinical models is needed before the approach can be tested in humans. Next, the immune profile of one particularly promising virus variant will need to be evaluated in a larger number of human serum samples, and dose-finding studies are needed in certain animal models. Researchers may also need to study whether the same virus-manipulating technique can be used in a broader range of gene therapy viruses, Agbandje-McKenna said.
Although human gene therapy remains an emerging field and has yet to reach patients on a wide scale, researchers elsewhere have used AAV therapy to successfully treat hemophilia, a blood-clotting disorder, in a small trial. It has also been or is now being studied as a way to treat hereditary blindness, certain immune deficiencies, neurological and metabolic disorders, and certain cancers.
The latest findings are the result of more than 10 years of studying the interactions between viruses and antibodies and a long-standing collaboration with Asokan, who heads the synthetic virology group at the UNC Gene Therapy Center, according to Agbandje-McKenna.
Explore further: Prednisone may improve effectiveness of AAV-based gene therapy by reducing immune response
More information: Longping Victor Tse et al. Structure-guided evolution of antigenically distinct adeno-associated virus variants for immune evasion, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2017). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1704766114
A new study of gene transfer using adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene delivery into skeletal muscle of rhesus macaques showed that oral prednisone reduced immune responses to AAV that can weaken expression of the therapeutic ...
A team of researchers led by the University of Florida, Gainesville, has determined the precise structure of a virus that has promise as a delivery vehicle for gene therapy. The research appears in the June 2012 issue of ...
Scientists in The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital have found a way to overcome one of the biggest obstacles to using viruses to deliver therapeutic genes: how to keep the immune system from neutralizing ...
Gene therapy researchers have produced a bioengineered decoy that fools the immune system and prevents it from mistakenly defeating the benefits delivered by a corrective gene. The decoy was effective in animal studies, and ...
A new, long-term study examined the antibody response to natural infection with adeno-associated virus (AAV) in chimpanzees for the purpose of characterizing the broad-based immune responses that could reduce the effectiveness ...
For many patients, participating in gene therapy clinical trials isn't an option because their immune system recognizes and fights the helpful virus used for treatment. Now, University of Florida Health and University of ...
In about half of all patients with rare hereditary disorders, it is still unclear what exact position of the genome is responsible for their condition. One reason for this is the enormous quantity of information encoded in ...
It is almost axiomatic in medicine that the study of rare disorders informs the understanding of more common, widespread ailments. Researchers from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania who study ...
Our DNA influences our ability to read a person's thoughts and emotions from looking at their eyes, suggests a new study published in the journal Molecular Psychiatry.
Heart disease kills more than 600,000 Americans every year, which translates to more than one in every four deaths. Although lifestyle choices contribute to the disease, genetics play a major role. This genetic facet has ...
Mice have a reputation for timidity. Yet when confronted with an unfamiliar peer, a mouse may respond by rearing, chasing, grappling, and bitingand come away with altered sensitivity toward future potential threats.
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Dad Meets the Sexual Revolution: A Politically Incorrect Father’s Day Guide – Fox News
Posted: at 3:46 am
Fox News | Dad Meets the Sexual Revolution: A Politically Incorrect Father's Day Guide Fox News This coming Sunday, in homes across the nation, millions of American men will awake to the arrival of breakfast in bed. Prepared and served by their children, these Father's Day repasts convey appreciation as well as contributing to the general ... |
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‘Whitetards’: Politically incorrect insults common in South Korea – The Nation
Posted: at 3:46 am
Dr Frank stated he was surprised The Nation would publish a letter that contained an insult based on the word retard.
Of course, it is not good manners to ever use the word retard, yet the fact that someone would use it says more about them than about this publication. Dr Frank acts as if this is the first time that retard has been conflated with another word. Perhaps he is an older person who comes from a more enlightened generation. But in fact it is now quite common to use the word retard in combination with another word, when seeking to discredit someone else.
For instance, when I was in South Korea a few years back, many locals would refer to the Japanese as Jtards, in order to express their hatred of their former colonial rulers. South Koreans would even call Americans whitetards when they disagreed with parts of American policy. I could give further examples here, but I think one gets the point. While this publication could perhaps have used more discretion in accepting a letter that used the insult retard, The Nation in fact was not doing anything extraordinary in publishing it.
Paul
Khon Kaen
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NJ teacher suspended over Trump yearbook censorship – USA TODAY
Posted: at 3:45 am
USA Today Network Mike Davis, Asbury Park (N.J.) Press Published 9:31 p.m. ET June 12, 2017 | Updated 9:44 p.m. ET June 12, 2017
Grant Berardo, a Wall High School junior, saw his image digitally altered with a plain black T-shirt in his yearbook. Mike Davis
Wall Township High School junior Grant Berardo's T-shirt was digitally altered in the school's yearbook. He wore a Donald Trump campaign shirt for his portrait.(Photo: Courtesy of Joseph Berardo, Jr.)
WALL, N.J. The Wall High School teacher and adviser of the yearbook club has been suspended due to alleged censorship of images and quotes by students supporting President Trump.
Superintendent Cheryl Dyer said Monday that the teacher, who she declined to name, was suspended "pending further disciplinary action" from the school board.
On the high school's website, the yearbook club's adviser is listed as Susan Parsons. According to public records, she collected an$87,950 salary last year.
"I don't have definitive answers to all of my questions yet, but I knew enough at this point to get board approval to take that action," Dyer said.
Related:
Teen's Trump T-shirt censored in yearbook photo
Fact check: No, Neil Gorsuch didnt start a fascism club in high school
Dyer declined to identify what disciplinary action could be taken. Termination would require the board to file tenure charges against her.
According to her LinkedIn page, Parsons has worked in the district for 15 years.
On her yearbook class's website within the district homepage, Parsonsincludes "photo editing" as one of the "real world skills" that students learn during yearbook production.
She did not return a call to her home seeking comment.In an interview with the New York Post, she said we have never made any action against any political party.
But when asked if she knew who altered the photos, Parsons simply said, Im going to hang up.
Wall Township High School junior Grant Berardo's T-shirt was digitally altered in the school's yearbook. He wore a Donald Trump campaign shirt for his portrait.(Photo: Courtesy of Joseph Berardo, Jr.)
There have been three reported instances of censorship in the yearbook, all revolving around students supporting Trump.
Grant Berardo, a junior at the school, took his school pictures wearing a navy blue "Make America Great Again" shirt from the campaign. But in the yearbook, his photo had been digitally altered so it resembled a nondescript black T-shirt, which you can see in the video at top of the story.
It was Photoshopped," Grant said in an interview on Friday. "I sent it to my mom and dad, just like You wont believe this. I was just overall disappointed.
"I like Trump, but its history too. Wearing that shirt memorializes the time," he said.
According to CNN, a brother and sister at the school also alleged censorship. Wyatt Debrovich-Fago wore a sweater vest in his picture with a Trump campaign logo, but it was seemingly cropped out of the photo.
His sister, Montana, served as president of the school's freshman class. That role usually comes with a quote next to a picture, and Montana selected: "I like thinking big. If you are going to be thinking anything, you might as well think big."
"I want to know who thought it was OK to do this," Janet Dobrovich-Fago, the teens' mother, told CNN. "I want the school to seek disciplinary action and to be held accountable."
In a statement released Sunday night, Wall school board President Allison Connolly said the board "found the allegations of wrongdoing disturbing and take the charge that students have had their free speech rights infringed upon very seriously."
Wall High School(Photo: File photo)
In a previous interview, Dyer saidthe only reason a student's image would be altered isif itwasin violation of the dress code clothing referencingdrugs, alcohol or violence. Political messages are "absolutely not" a violation, she said.
A spokesman for Jostens, the companythat takes the photographs and prints the yearbooks, did not respond to multiple requests for comment.
It's not immediately clear whether the change was made by someone from the school district or photography company.
In an interview, Joseph BerardoJr. Grant's father called for the school to recall the yearbooks and reissue new ones with the unaltered photo. He said he would consider legal action if that doesnt happen.
From my perspective, I dont understand the censorship, Berardo said.I think it was probably politically motivated. It was inherently offensive to somebody and they made a decision to Photoshop it and without discussion, which is the worst part."
The problem would be "equally" as egregious if images of clothing supporting Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton also had been altered, Berardo said.
What are you doing? Dont you go to school to debate this stuff at the collegiate level, at the high school level, asked Berardo. Whats frustrating to me is that this was the first election he took interest in, but what message did the school send?
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N.J. teacher suspended over yearbook censorship of pro-Trump … – Washington Times
Posted: at 3:45 am
A New Jersey high school teacher has been suspended after pro-President Trump messages were Photoshopped and edited out of the schools official yearbook.
Wall Township Public Schools Superintendent Cheryl Dyer said Monday that a teacher had been suspended pending further disciplinary action over the reported anti-Trump censorship at Wall Township High School, the Asbury Park Press reported.
The action comes after three students reported that their pro-Trump messages were censored by school officials. Grant Berardo, a junior, said a campaign slogan reading, TRUMP: Make America Great Again, was digitally editied from the shirt he wore in his class portrait.
It was Photoshopped, Grant told the Asbury Park Press. I sent it to my mom and dad, just like, You wont believe this. I was just overall disappointed.
A photo of Wyatt Debrovich-Fago, a junior, was cropped so that the Trump campaign logo on his sweater vest wasnt visible, CNN reported. Wyatts sister, Montana, was also left without an accompanying quote for her photo as class president when her quote from Mr. Trump didnt make it to print.
I want to know who thought it was OK to do this, their mother, Janet Dobrovich-Fago, told CNN. I want the school to seek disciplinary action and to be held accountable.
Ms. Dyer said the high school administration does not condone any censorship of political views on the part of our students.
In a statement Sunday night, Wall school board President Allison Connolly said the board found the allegations of wrongdoing disturbing and take the charge that students have had their free speech rights infringed upon very seriously, the Asbury Park Press reported.
Ms. Dyer did not name the suspended teacher, but the schools yearbook instructor is listed as Susan Parsons. Ms. Parsons told the New York Post: We have never made any action against any political party.
When asked if she knew who censored the messages, she said, Im going to hang up, the Post reported.
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Dozens of news sites blocked as Egypt ramps up digital censorship – Amnesty International
Posted: at 3:45 am
The Egyptian authorities have shifted their onslaught against media freedom to the digital sphere, blocking access to more than 40 news sites without justification in recent weeks, in an attempt to eliminate the countrys last remaining spaces for criticism and free expression, said Amnesty International.
At least 63 websites have been blocked in total since 24 May according to the Association for Freedom of Thought and Expression, including 48 news sites. Mada Masr, an independent news site which regularly published news and analysis deeply critical of the authorities was among the first to be blocked. Most recently on 11 June the Egyptian news sites Albedaiah, run by independent journalist Khaled al Balshy, Elbadil and Bawabit Yanair were blocked. Access to the global online publishing platform Medium was also cut off on 10 June.
The latest clampdown on digital media is further evidence of Egypts age-old police state tactics in motion. Even in the darkest days of the repressive Mubarak era the authorities didnt cut off access to all independent news sites, said Najia Bounaim, Amnesty Internationals North Africa Campaigns director.
With this move the Egyptian authorities seem to be targeting the few remaining spaces for free expression in the country. It shows just how determined the authorities are to prevent Egyptians from accessing independent reporting, analysis and opinion about Egypt. The authorities must immediately stop arbitrarily blocking news websites.
With this move the Egyptian authorities seem to be targeting the few remaining spaces for free expression in the country
On 24 May, state media announced that Egyptian authorities had blocked a group of websitesincluding the prominent independent news platforms Mada Masr, Daily News Egypt, Elborsa and Masr Al Arabia. The authorities failed to provide any evidence of illegal activity or to clarify the legal basis for the decision. Instead officials made vague statements to the media saying this was in connection with publishing false information and supporting terrorism.
On 25 May, Egyptian newspapers published reports citing a sovereign agency (a term usually used to refer to Egyptian intelligence agencies) justifying the move on the grounds of combating terrorism and accusing Qatar of supporting some of the blocked websites, again without providing evidence.
Amnesty International has reviewed the list of blocked websites. The majority are news sites but the list also includes sites where VPN and TOR, which can be used to access blocked sites, can be downloaded. Amnesty International was able to identify only one website connected to groups that use or advocate violence.
Many of the sites that have been blocked had served as a refuge for Egypts remaining critical voices who no longer are allowed to appear on TV or in the print media, which have been firmly in the grip of the state since President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi came to power.
The independent news and analysis website Mada Masr is known for unflinchingly exposing human rights violations committed by the Egyptian authorities in recent years, including arbitrary detention, unfair trials, the crackdown on human rights NGOs, extrajudicial executions and the use of the death penalty.
The sites editor-in-chief, Lina Attallah, told Amnesty International that she believes the site was blocked because it publishes well-researched investigations based on verified information. We publish what authorities dont want people to read, she said.
The Egyptian government appears to be exploiting recent violent attacks by armed groups in the country to crack down on the remaining free space and silence critical voices. Once again the authorities are using national security grounds to justify outright repression, said Najia Bounaim.
Instead of attacking critical and independent voices Egypt should respect the obligations enshrined in its own constitution and in international law not to impose arbitrary restrictions on freedom of expression and to protect the right of everyone to seek, receive and share information.
Once again the authorities are using national security grounds to justify outright repression
The governments decision to block these websites also flouts Egypts constitution, which prohibits censorship of the media, except at times of war and military mobilization, and protects freedom of expression and press freedom both in print and digital formats. The constitution also upholds the right of all citizens to use telecommunication tools and methods.
The legal grounds and authority the government has used to block these sites is ambiguous and it remains unclear whether emergency law provisions were applied. There are, however, a number of Egyptian laws that can be used to censor the media and the internet, on the grounds of national security.
After the bombing of two churches in Tanta and Alexandria in April 2017, President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi declared a three-month state of emergency. An hour later, the authorities confiscated that days edition of Albawaba newspaper, which demanded that the Minister of Interior be held accountable for failing to prevent the bombing.
Under emergency laws, the authorities have broad powers to impose surveillance and censorship on media. On 10 April, the head of the Egyptian parliament, Dr Ali Abdelal announced that these laws will extend to social media platforms, such as Twitter, Facebook and YouTube. He added that these platforms were being used as means of communication between terrorists and warned that online offenders would face prosecution.
The vaguely worded articles of Egypts counterterrorism law also allow punishments of up to 15 years in prison for establishing a website for the purpose of promoting terrorist ideas and grant the authorities the power to block websites suspected of promoting terrorism.
Two of the blocked websites, Daily News Egypt and Elborsa, belong to the Business News Company, which is licensed by the government. In November 2016, the government froze the companys assets under the pretext that it belonged to the Muslim Brotherhood, without providing evidence to support this claim. The papers 230 staff have not received their salaries since.
Representatives of many of the websites affected have filed complaints with the Press Syndicate, the National Council for Media, the Ministry Communications and the Public Prosecutor, but so far received no response. Mada Masr has filed an appeal against the decision to block its website before an administrative court, but it has not yet heard the appeal.
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How the Russian Internet Censor Banned Itself – Bloomberg
Posted: at 3:45 am
Two way street.
Censoring the internet is as difficult as it is futile, and Russian internetusers have convincingly demonstrated this to the government this month by turningits website-blocking system against itself.
During President Vladimir Putin's third term, which began in 2012, Russia has significantly stepped up attempts to purge the internet of "extremist" views. But the Kremlindoesn't havean equivalent of China's "Great Firewall," whichcontrols the internet through the gateways between the nationalsegment and the rest of the global network. Instead, internet providers are required to block the sites on theblacklistof the regulator agency Roskomnadzor.
Internet providers are not legally required touse a specific blocking method--such as deep packet inspection which analyzes data that passes through the internet for undesirable elements-- so many of them, including large cellular operators, merely block any IP addresses linked toa banned web address. In recent days, this peculiarity of the Russian system has led to an effective anarchic protest against censorship.
Instructionshave spread on social networks on how to block virtually any site. First, turnthe blacklist intoa shopping list, and buy up or re-register domains that are no longer in use. Then, link those sites to government IP addresses to trigger anautomatic blocking. It worked spectacularly well.The nationalcellular operator BeeLine, for example, promptly shut down access to many sites, including bank payment serversand pro-Kremlin media outlets such as Life.ru and NTV.ru. Even Roskomnadzor, the keeper of the blacklist, ended up blacklisted. According to Alexander Litreev, a St. Petersburg developer who runs a cybersecurity channel on the Telegram messenger, more than 30 percent of Russian users were at some point affected by the blockages.
This presented a problem for Roskomnadzor, but not for the obvious reason that bank transactions weren't going through for many people.To address complaints, the censorship agency merely put out a press releaseblaming providers and saying it would all be fine if Roskomnadzor could dictate the blocking method. The real problem was that Putin's annual "direct line" with voters -- a major event with questions collected through the internet and the resulting multi-hour marathon broadcast online as well as on TV --was scheduled for June 15, and the owners of blacklisted domains had the power to block it.
So at first, Roskomnadzor's regional agencies sent out to providers a whitelist of more than 2,000 domains that were not to be blocked even if they were linked to a banned domain. Gov.ru and Kremlin.ru, the domains for the government and the presidential office, were at the top of the list. It also included all the variations of "Google," making it possible to register a site like BlowUp.Google.AllahAkbar.org and avoid being blocked. It wasn't a great solution, especially since providers weren't obliged by law to implement the whitelist, and most wouldn't bother merely to avoid the hassle of deactivating it once it was, inevitably, recalled.
OnJune 9, the censorship agency came up with a better solution. It sent out a letter to providers, saying that up until June 16 -- the day after the Putin event -- they were to block only the specific IP addresses on the blacklist and not the ones to which traffic from them was redirected. It promised not to penalize providers for softening censorship in this way.
The censors will eventually solve this particular problem, perhaps by weeding out inactive domains from the blacklist so it won't be as easy to buy them, perhaps by pushing through legislation that would give them more power to tell providers what blocking technology to use. Last week, a bill was also introduced in the Russian parliament that would limit the use ofanonymizing software to bypass the blacklist. After all, since Putin's re-election in 2012, the number of Russian users of the anonymizing Tor network has grown from some 20,000 a day to more than 200,000.
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But the bans are a game of whack-a-mole. Having tasted relative internet freedom, Russia is less accepting of censorship than, say, China. As the whole world knows now, it also has a large, inventive hacker community that doesn't have much respect for restrictions, foreign or homegrown. Exploiting the Roskomnadzor flaw didn't require any hacking expertise, but if it's required as the censorship grows tighter and more sophisticated, it will be applied.
This column does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the editorial board or Bloomberg LP and its owners.
To contact the author of this story: Leonid Bershidsky at lbershidsky@bloomberg.net
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Mike Nizza at mnizza3@bloomberg.net
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How the Russian Internet Censor Banned Itself - Bloomberg
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Feminists and Social Justice Activists Call for Video Game Developer Censorship Blacklist – Heat Street
Posted: at 3:45 am
Thought policing is alive and well in the new media as social justice activists ramp up their crusade to silence and de-platform wrongthinkers from producing content within their medium, citing issues as nebulous as cyberviolence as reasons to censor those who oppose progressive ideology.
Following the explosion of outrage against an independent game developer who once expressed views critical of feminism in the video game industry, outrage warriors are now calling for the industry to enact strict rules against hiring and associating with developers whose views do not align with feminist orthodoxy. The target of their ire, Tim Soret, is producing a game called The Last Night, which went viral at E3 2017 after its reveal.
As developers, collaborators, publishers we have to vet those we work with, wrote Maya Felix Kramer, a queer activist and PR person in the indie game scene.
Kramer, who lists they/them pronouns in her bio and sits on the board for Feminist Frequency, and manages Fez developer Polytron, has worked withZoe Quinn, Christine Love, and numerous other large personalities in the gaming scene. Her words have been magnified and re-tweeted by hundreds of game developers and high-profile game journalists.
If that sounds too bleak, youre in a position of privilege, continued Kramer. We have to make our entities, companies, and studios have public policies and then hold our collaborators to those policies. We have to.
Referencing Soret, who had a good reputation prior to Zoe Quinns call to arms against him, Kramer wrote: We can no longer afford to say we didnt know or they seem nice many people havent had this luxury in a long time. Welcome to 2017.
Among many others, game designer Jennifer Scheurle echoed Kramers call with a tweet of her own.
Essentially calling for a blacklist or the creation of a sort of Games Code Authority against developers guilty of wrongthink, Kramer and her supporters are outraged by game developers and products that do not partake in their crusade for social justice.
I would urge those who want to see the world grow and progress to make sure they align themselves only with people who share those dreams, wrote Kramer.
Censoring media to fit a narrative is an impediment to creative expression. As it was with comic books and the Comics Code Authority in the 1950s, history shows that institutionalizing rules and forcing compliance for acceptable or prohibited content only condemns a creative medium to rot in the ghetto of hollow art.
Ian Miles Cheong is a journalist and outspoken media critic. You can reach him through social media at@stillgray on Twitterand onFacebook.
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Feminists and Social Justice Activists Call for Video Game Developer Censorship Blacklist - Heat Street
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