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Category Archives: Transhuman News

Shortcuts & Delusions: We’re All Gonna Die! – Being Libertarian (satire)

Posted: July 7, 2017 at 1:42 am

Within the past week, Ive had a drastic and sudden change of heart regarding my political ideology. For years, I considered myself a Thoreauvian Minarchist, a term I made up to reflect the influence Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau had on my libertarianism. My ideology, until my recent conversion, can be summed up as a melding of the Founding Fathers rationale for the formulation of government, as can be found in The Federalist Papers, with the self-reliance and spirituality of Transcendentalism.

As Emerson and Thoreau would say, I am still following my own genius, but it has led me into a new ideological realm: modern progressivism.

First, a little background. In my extended family, my grandparents and most of my aunts and uncles are conservatives, whereas my cousins are mostly liberals. My mother is not very political, but she could be described as right-of-center, and my father is a Reagan Republican. My extended family is quite large, and we would often discuss politics at reunions. I pride myself in understanding and appreciating both left and right sides of an issue, though I typically agreed with the more conservative side; I was more or less a conservative for a long time, but became disillusioned when the size of government never shrunk when the GOP held the reins of government and studied, and then embraced, libertarianism.

However, I am jumping ship yet again. The recent political strife over repealing and replacing Obamacare has enlightened me to a fact heretofore unknown to me. In 2010, I was very much against the imposition of Obamacare, but in recent weeks Massachusetts Senator Elizabeth Warren has warned that if Obamacare is repealed, people will die.

I took a few philosophy classes in college, one of which centered on logic. By applying a critical lens to what Warren has claimed, I realized that if Obamacare is not repealed, people will not die. I may be an outlier, but I do not want to die. I eat healthy, exercise regularly, and am risk-adverse to the point of not engaging in any sport or activity that requires a helmet, I dont attend Scottish soccer matches, and I drive well below the speed limit, often with my four-ways flashing.

There is nothing wrong with changing a position upon the availability of new information. I was very critical of Obamacare upon its passage and implementation, but upon learning that Obamacare is a source of immortality, I am now one of its staunchest supporters.

***

When I first started seeing all these ads and interviews about people dying, I thought, Im pretty sure everyone dies eventually. Sadly, Im not as eloquent as one of my favorite writers.

Ernest Hemingway has a few good quotes about death. From A Farewell to Arms, his novel about a double-amputee: The world breaks everyone and afterward many are strong at the broken places. But those that will not break it kills. It kills the very good and the very gentle and the very brave impartially. If you are none of these you can be sure it will kill you too but there will be no special hurry. But you will receive good treatment if cared for by doctors subsidized by the state.

From his essay titled, Notes on the Next War: They wrote in the old days that it is sweet and fitting to die for ones country. But in modern war there is nothing sweet nor fitting in your dying. You will die like a dog for no good reason. But if you do not die on the battlefield, rest assured Veterans Affairs will neglect you and you will perish in a waiting room from an infection caused by a routine hip replacement.

Another from a letter he wrote to his family when he was 19: And how much better to die in all the happy period of undisillusioned youth, to go out in a blaze of light, than to have your body worn out and old and illusions shattered. And it is most preferable for death to come while protesting on a college campus some conservative bastards right to free speech.

The one I relate to the most is from my favorite short story Hem wrote, Indian Camp:

***

Democrats/liberals/progressives/hippy douchebags, whatever you want to call them, fancy themselves as fighting for the vulnerable. To them, everyone who isnt part of the 1% are the unwashed masses littering 19th century Parisian streets. They act as though they are champions of the poor and destitute, protecting them from the indifferent landed gentry riding in their horse drawn coaches trampling beggars underfoot. And yes, I will confirm for those of you suspecting, that I just watched Les Misrables, which stars Wolverine, Jor-El, and Catwoman.

Democrats fancy themselves pro-science (jurys still out on that one), but they are definitely not pro-math, and I daresay they are not pro-reality. They piss and moan that if Trumpcare passes and envelopes Obamacare, proposed Medicaid cuts (which are just reductions in projected annual increases) would lead to poor and middle class Americans dying in the streets.

Forgive me for changing metaphors midstream, but if you desired to keep a vulnerable people afloat, as well as add to their numbers, and were capable of logic, you might try to renovate the ship so it could accommodate more passengers, or design and build a new and improved ship. You wouldnt put more passengers aboard an already sinking ship, would you?

National Review writers state, Medicaid is really the low-hanging fruit of the entitlement wars. If Congress cant reform Medicaid, how can it ever be expected to make changes to Social Security and Medicare, which have wider and more powerful constituencies? & Arkansas is taking significant steps toward reversing Obamacares devastating impact. Other expansion states should take note. Mises.org ran an article stating, Believe it or not, the data suggest that if anything, ObamaCare actually caused more Americans to die and at the Federalist, [R]esearch has shown that being on Medicaid produces no better health outcomes than being uninsured.

I never would have allowed him to treat me if he wasnt also suffering from cancer, dear old dad said. How could I trust him to know how to properly provide treatment? From years and years of medical school and practice? Are you nuts?!

***

And thats the way it is, as far as you know.

Image: Fox News

This post was written by Dillon Eliassen.

The views expressed here belong to the author and do not necessarily reflect our views and opinions.

Dillon Eliassen is the Managing Editor of Being Libertarian. Dillon works in the sales department of a privately owned small company. He holds a BA in Journalism & Creative Writing from Lyndon State College, and needs only to complete his thesis for his Masters of English from Montclair State University (something which his accomplished and beautiful wife, Alice, is continually pestering him about). He is the author of The Apathetic, available at Amazon.com. He is a self-described Thoreauvian Minarchist.

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The future of football is post-human despair (and fascinating sports meta-fiction) – A.V. Club

Posted: at 1:41 am

We dont normally associate online sports coverage with pushing the boundaries of multimedia fiction, but Voxs SB Nation blog dropped a fascinating, mind-bending treat on the internet last night, in the form of Jon Bois speculative 17776, or What Football Will Look Like In The Future. Consisting (so far) of scrolling text interludes interspersed with pictures and video, Bois serial story is still in progress, but seems largely concerned with the why of sports. That is, given the massive resources, time, and information at our disposal (not to mention those available to our descendants), why does communal game-playing still hold such an important place in society? To say more would be to risk spoilers on a truly innovative piece of work, so if youve got an hour to spend thinking about football, consciousness, hope, despair, and the absolutely staggering amount of creative latitude SB Nation apparently allows its premiere writers, you can start the story right here.

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Fears mount for detained Bahraini human rights activist – The Jerusalem Post

Posted: at 1:41 am

Activists of Amnesty International demonstrate to show their support with the Syrian people at the Fontaine des Innocentes in Paris May 29, 2012.. (photo credit:REUTERS)

Amnesty International and Bahraini democracy advocates based in Britain and the US are concerned for the safety of a prominent woman human rights activist arrested in Bahrain on Monday after she tweeted criticism of the king.

Ebtisam al-Saeghs arrest came weeks after she was beaten and sexually assaulted by members of the National Security Agency during a previous arrest, according to Amnesty International. She was warned then to stop her human rights activities, which included documenting police abuses in connection with the killing in May of five peaceful demonstrators in shootings that were condemned as unlawful by UN human rights experts. Her whereabouts are unknown and the fear is she will face the same or worse treatment this time.

The Bahraini authorities must immediately and unconditionally release Ebtisam al-Saegh, whose only crime is speaking up against a government committed to crushing all forms of dissent. We are deeply concerned about Ebtisams well-being, said Samah Hadid, director for Amnesty International campaigns in the Middle East.

We fear she is at high risk of torture as long as she remains in custody, Hadid added.

Saeghs renewed arrest is part of a crackdown on Bahraini civil society and human rights activists that has drawn international condemnation. Human rights groups allege that Bahrain has moved from arresting and/or banning the travel of rights activists to torturing them in a bid to silence them.

On Monday, Saegh tweeted about the ill treatment of women at the hands of the National Security Agency, writing that the king, Hamad bin Isa al-Khalifa, was responsible for their actions. At 11:45 that night her house was raided by masked officers in civilian clothing carrying body and head cameras, Amnesty said. Around 25 officers claiming to belong to the Criminal Investigation Directorate arrived at her house in five civilian cars and a minibus, it said. No warrant for her arrest was presented.

In response to written questions from The Jerusalem Post, the press office of Bahrains embassy in London wrote that Bahrain is firmly committed to the protection and safeguarding of human rights and has oversight bodies to safeguard them and independently investigate violations.

Allegations such as the ones raised are taken very seriously and it is within the mandate of both the National Institution for Human Rights and the Ombudsmans Office to examine complaints when received in order to take all necessary measures to promote and defend fundamental freedoms in the Kingdom of Bahrain. At the time of writing the embassy is not aware of any complaint lodged with the oversight bodies mentioned above, the press office said.

The embassy did not answer a question on where Saegh is being held, instead referring the Post to the National Institution for Human Rights in Manama, which did not respond to an email query.

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Law makes a mockery of human rights – Bangkok Post

Posted: at 1:41 am

Some migrant workers made a statement this week on Thai social media. Many shared photos posing with their passports, ID cards and even employment documents festooned about their bodies.

Some strung their documents into necklaces. One man tied a few ID cards to his forehead. Another attached every document he had to his back to show he works in Thailand legally.

It was their immediate response to the government's issuance of an emergency decree on migrant labour management on June 23. With its "harsh" penalties on the recruitment of undocumented migrant workers, the decree was supposed to be "strong medicine" to battle human trafficking.

Paritta Wangkiat is a reporter, Bangkok Post.

Unfortunately, this medicine has instead triggered fear among many small- and medium-size business operators who depend on migrant labour. It also panicked migrant workers who flocked to the borders to get out of Thailand.

But will the new law solve the chronic problems of human trafficking and the corrupt bureaucratic system of migrant labour management as intended?

As of May, according to the Department of Employment, over 1.26 million documented migrant workers from Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar were in Thailand. It's estimated that undocumented migrants number one to two million.

The figures seem to have alarmed many Thais who hold traditional views of migrants as a national security threat or a burden on public resources. Those from Myanmar are even classified in the historical context of being viewed as descendants of "the enemy" of old Siam.

These perceptions reflect deeply rooted nationalism among many Thais who believe the presence of "too many foreigners" poses a threat to our nation which "has never been colonised".

Migrant workers are often seen as separate to Thai society. As a result, some people think it is okay to limit their rights or even punish and exploit them.

Interviewing many migrant workers over the past few years, I found similar stories of them being smuggled and exploited through many corrupt systems in Thailand. They shared backgrounds of being abused and exploited by brokers. They had to pay bribes and be temporarily kept in dark, locked rooms being being taken to their employers.

There are also many stories of illegal brokers and smugglers who brought workers to Thailand against their will.

Many were trafficked in harsh conditions in fishing boats, helping to bring seafood to our dining tables and our export markets. Sadly, they ended up abused, tortured and even killed on these boats.

Only rarely do we hear about brokers and smugglers being arrested. In 2015, after authorities discovered trafficking camps in Thailand's southern provinces, a high-ranking military officer was among 103 civil servants and civilians arrested for suspected involvement in trafficking Rohingya refugees.

Even as this and other cases prove the Thai bureaucratic system is corrupt, migrant workers are still seen as criminals rather than victims. This notion is reflected in the new decree, now suspended for six months.

Unregistered migrant workers who are not victims of human trafficking, will face a maximum of five years in prison and/or a fine of 2,000 to 100,000 baht under the decree. Those who are found taking a job, working in a location or with an employer different to what is stated in their work permits will be fined up to 100,000 baht. These penalties will only push more migrants into underground work and exploitation.

But brokers or smugglers who run trafficking rings face a maximum of six months' imprisonment and/or a maximum fine of 100,000 baht.

Employers will be fined from 400,000 to 800,000 baht for each unregistered migrant worker they hire. No jail terms for them. No penalty is prescribed for corrupt officials.

This shows that lawmakers overlooked or rejected the fact that human trafficking involves corruption within the Thai bureaucracy and among influential people. The law bypasses the need for human rights to protect trafficking victims.

It does not recognise the importance of migrant workers who help drive the Thai economy and take on jobs that Thais won't do.

The government must promote the contribution of migrant workers to the economy and bring them into the legal employment system by making registration an open, year-round and uncomplicated option.

It is the government's job to ensure they are protected.

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Trump wants us to defend ‘our values.’ Which ones? – Washington Post

Posted: at 1:41 am

DO WE have the confidence in our values to defend them at any cost? President Trump asked during his speech in Warsaw on Thursday. Thats an important question, and so is this: Which values is he summoning us to defend?

There were encouraging elements in his address suggesting that he was referring to the universal values that America celebrated earlier this week, on the anniversary of its declaration of independence. Repeatedly, Mr. Trump invoked the parallel Polish and American devotion to freedom. He spoke of Americas commitment to your security and your place in a strong and democratic Europe. Unlike during his first trip to Europe as president, he embraced NATOs Article 5, which binds the United States and its allies to treat an attack on one as an attack on all.

Mr. Trump warned against powers that use propaganda, financial crimes and cyberwarfare against the United States and its allies and, in case that wasnt clear enough, explicitly warned Russia to cease its destabilizing activities in Ukraine and elsewhere and its support for hostile regimes, including Syria and Iran. He assured his audience, We treasure the rule of law and protect the right to free speech and free expression.

Yet elements of his address left doubt as to whether Mr. Trump views such values as truly universal. The fundamental question of our time is whether the West has the will to survive, he said. If by the West he means anyone embracing the values of human rights, freedom and the dignity of every individual, he may be right. But those are hardly the property of the United States and Europe. They are treasured by the ailing Liu Xiaobo in China, by bloggers fighting for freedom in Uganda and by legislators fighting off the Maduro regimes thugs in Venezuela. They belong to people of all colors, all sexual orientations and all or no religion. When Mr. Trump urges us all to fight like the Poles, for family, for freedom, for country and for God, does all truly mean all?

Perhaps what gives the most doubt is that he celebrated the right to free speech and free expression without mentioning that the government welcoming him has worked worryingly to narrow those freedoms, along with the independence of its judiciary and without mentioning that, at home, Mr. Trump himself has been far from a tribune of the free press. Above all, he said, we value the dignity of every human life, protect the rights of every person and share the hope of every soul to live in freedom. Many people will cheer those words and will watch to see how his administration lives up to them in its interactions with Saudi Arabia and China, Russia and Egypt, and at home.

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IBM is Challenging Congress’s Apocalyptic Perceptions of AI – Futurism

Posted: at 1:40 am

In BriefIBM representatives are meeting with congress to challenge thelawmakers' apocalyptic perceptions about artificial intelligence(AI). IBM paints a different picture of the future in which AI willcreate jobs, drive progress, and help us develop as a species. IBM to Meet Washington

IBMis taking a stand for artificial intelligence (AI). The technology giant islobbying Washington with the hope of challenging the view of fearful prophets envisioning massive job loss, or even an eventual AI overlord that controls humanity as David Kenny, the vice president for IBM Watson, wrote in an open letter to congress.

He went on towritethat the real disaster would be abandoning or inhibiting cognitive technology before its full potential can be realized. Kenny is also participating with the bipartisan Artificial Intelligence Caucus.

Kennys arguments center around three core principles. The first is that past technologies likethe bar code scanner and ATM have vastly improved efficiency and drove job creation. The second is that taxing or otherwise inhibiting the process of AI will cost the U.S. its competitive advantage. Instead, there should be a change in education and training to prepare the country for the technology. The third is any AI company should be transparent about their systems decision-making process and promote a principle of individual data governance.

IBM isweaved into the history of AIs development. Its engineerspioneered some of the earliest AI systems, including Deep Blue, which was responsible for beating world chess champion Gary Kasparov one of AIs greatest achievements to date. Currently, IBMs Watson is one of the leading cognitive computing systems in the world, with applications stretching from diagnosing disease, to writing cookbooks and creating recipes, to tackling the data-heavy tasks of the federal government.

IBMs proposal to inform congress about AI is not the first high-profile venture to do so. Numerous think tanks, meetings, and summitshave occurred to discuss the ethics of AI and promote responsible integration of the technology.

Last year, representatives from Google, Amazon, Microsoft, IBM, and Facebook formed the Partnership on AI to Benefit People and Societywith the goal of developing a possible set of guidelinesfor AI development. There have also been more individual attemptsto investigate AI such as those by Pierre Omidyar, the founder of eBay, and Reid Hoffman, co-founder of LinkedIn, both of whom have invested millions in AI research.

Despite the minds and the money devoted tosolving the problem, the ethics of AI remains a remarkably sticky moral bog, which involves questions of personhood, sentience, and rights that have troubled philosophers for centuries.

However, IBMsefforts represent a positive step toward apragmatic approach to solve a problem before we are amidst it. Our regulation of and relationship with AI is likely to govern our future. We can take solace that the industry leaders are at least taking it seriously and thinking about the implications of their decisions.

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France Just Announced a New Law Making 11 Vaccines Mandatory – Futurism

Posted: at 1:40 am

In Brief A decrease in vaccination levels has lead to an increase in measles and other preventable diseases taking lives across Europe. To combat this, numerous countries are implementing legislation to ensure their citizens are protected. Europes Vaccine Nightmare

Frances Prime Minister douard Philippe has announced that the government will make the 11 vaccines universally recommended by health authorities mandatory from 2018 onward. The announcement comes in response to measles outbreaks across Europe, with 79 cases reported in France in January and February alone. Philippe branded the state of affairs unacceptable.

The resurfacing of diseases like measles is believed to be caused by people believing less and less in the power of vaccines. In France, a recent surveyfound that three in 10 people dont trust vaccines, with only 52 percent stating they believed that the benefits outweighed the risks.

Italy has also seen a worrying increase in measles infections the number of cases in April was five times higher than the same month in 2016. Beatrice Lorenzin, the Italian health minister, said that the rapid increase was an emergency generated by fake news and cited the Five Star Movement (MS5), a political party that opposes vaccines, as a contributing factor.

The shift in public perception in Italy and France is symptomatic of a Europe-wide trend that has been attributed to the growing anti-vaccine movement. The genesis of the skepticism was Andrew Wakefield, who stated in a1998 research paper that there was a link between the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine and the development of autism. The claim has been irrefutably debunked, although dubious science and scare tactics like those used by MS5 are perpetuating the findings of the report.

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that vaccines saved more than 10 million lives between 2010 and 2015, and thanks to vaccines, were on the brink of completely eradicating some diseases, such as polio.Despite this, countries in both the developing and developed world remain doubtful of their effects.

In response, many countrieshave taken measures to increase the use of vaccines. Italy has made 12 vaccinations obligatory for children, whileAustralia has introduced a financial incentive by offering parents $129 for every child who meets recommended vaccination levels between the ages of 18 months and 24 months, with the payment being repeated if the same requirements are met between the ages of four and five.

Slovenia, in Eastern Europe, has the worlds strictest vaccination policy, with fines being issued to any parents who fail to provide their children with the nine mandatory vaccines. This has resulted in a compliance rate of 95 percent.

Dr. Farah Jameeltold doctors attending the British Medical Associations annual meetingin June that deaths in Wales from measles in 2013 were a waste of life. This is arguably true for all deaths that could have been easily prevented through vaccination, especially giventheir ever-decreasing price and new delivery methods.

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Finance Expert Predicts Bitcoin’s Value Could Soar as High as $4000 – Futurism

Posted: at 1:40 am

In Brief Bitcoin's stunning year continues as Goldman Sachs head of technical strategy Sheba Jafari predicts a fifth wave for the cryptocurrency. After a temporary drop, Bitcoin could hit a record-high value of almost $4,000 per coin, according to Jarari.

Were barely past the halfway mark, and already Bitcoin is having a big year. The value of the cryptocurrency soared past $1,000 in January and then again in February. By March, its value surpassed that of gold, and on May 10, it hit what was then a record-high value of more than $1,700 per coin. In June, Bitcoin set a new record, closing above$3,000 beforefinishing the month at close to $2,500.

In all, Bitcoins first-half gain was approximately 168 percent this year, which has led various commentators,including Mark Cuban and Charles Schwab chief global investment strategist Jeffrey Kleintop, to suggest that the cryptocurrencyis in a bubble.

The latest expert to weigh in on the future of Bitcoin is Goldman Sachs head of technical strategy Sheba Jafari, who sent a note to clientson Sunday, July 2, advising that while the value of Bitcoin may drop, it is ultimately likely to go even higher.

According to Jafaris note, which waspublished by Zero Hedge, Bitcoin is still in the midst of a corrective 4th wave during which the value may fallas low as $1,857 a drop of around 25 percent.According to Jafari, Bitcoin investors shouldnt worry about this drop very much, though, because the currency couldhit a record value during its fifth wave, perhaps as high as $3,915.

Whether the value of Bitcoin does soar toward the $4,000 mark or not, 2017 will still go down as a historic year for digital currency.

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Volvo Becomes the First Premium Car Maker to Go All Electric – Futurism

Posted: at 1:40 am

In Brief Starting 2019 onwards, all vehicles manufactured by veteran automaker Volvo will either be hybrid or electric. According to Hkan Samuelsson, Volvo Car Group's president and CEO, "We are convinced that the future of Volvo is electric." Committed to Electrification

Electric vehicles are quickly becoming the future of automobiles, thanks to efforts by both veteran car manufacturers and startups. Perhaps taking acue from electric car manufacturing leaderslike Tesla, traditional auto industry heavyweight Volvo has decided to focus on electric and hybrid vehicles from 2019and beyond.

Volvo cars is taking a bold step forward, the company explained in a video onVolvos official Twitter account,heralding the end of an era for the pure internal combustion engine.

While other companies have yet to take the leap,Volvo knows investing in electric car production makes good sense from a business perspective: This is about the customer, Hkan Samuelsson, Volvo Car Groups president and CEO,said in a press release. People increasingly demand electrified cars and we want to respond to our customers current and future needs.

Its also a decision rooted in a sense of environmental responsibility,We are determined to be the first premium car maker to move our entire portfolio of vehicles into electrification, Samuelsson said in the video. This is a clear commitment towards reducing our carbon footprint, as well as contributing to a better air quality in our cities.

For a car company like Volvo to commit to hybrids and EVs is no small feat. It could easily translate to over 500,000 cars turned electric, if we base the numbers on Volvos 2016 sales. According to the EPA, a single passenger vehicle produces an average of 4.7 metric tons of carbon dioxide each year. With their committment to electric vehicles, Volvo could potentially remove about 2.3 million metric tons of carbon emissions in just one year. The company hasalready set a sales target of 1 million hybrid and electric cars by 2025.

Will other car manufacturers follow suit?Several other companies already have their own EVs in the works: German automaker Volkswagen aims to produce one million EVs by 2025and already hasthree concept vehicles. Chevrolet has also been working to perfect its Bolt EV, and Honda is hard at work on anew charging system that could give electric cars unlimited range.

This could, indeed, herald a new era for passenger vehicles. At the very least, this proves that EVs are no longer just a pipe dream.They are the future of clean transportation at least for these automakers. As Samuelsson said, We are convinced that the future of Volvo is electric.

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Now Is the Time to Colonize Mars, Elon Musk Says

Posted: July 5, 2017 at 10:55 pm

Artists illustration showing SpaceX's Dragon spacecraft landing on Mars.

SAN FRANCISCO Humanity shouldn't dally in its quest to colonize Mars, SpaceX's billionaire founder and CEO Elon Musk says.

"Now is the first time in the history of Earth that the window is open, where it's possible for us to extend life to another planet," Musk told a huge crowd here Tuesday (Dec. 15) at the annual winter meeting of the American Geophysical Union (AGU).

"That window may be open for a long time and hopefully it is but it also may be open for a short time," he added. "I think the wise move is to make life multiplanetary while we can." [SpaceX's Plan for Mars & Reusable Rockets (Video)]

SpaceX founder and CEO Elon Musk talks to Margaret Leinen, the director of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, on Dec. 15, 2015, at the annual fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco.

Colonizing Mars has long been a passion of Musk's. Indeed, the entrepreneur has repeatedly said that he founded SpaceX in 2002 primarily to help make humanity a multiplanet species. Having a self-sustaining outpost on the Red Planet would serve as an insurance policy, making humanity's extinction unlikely even if something goes terribly awry here on Earth, Musk said Tuesday.

Colonizing Mars would have other benefits as well, he added; the effort would greatly advance science discoveries and technological capabilities, and it would help inspire and excite people from all walks of life and from all around the globe.

Mars settlement "would be a great adventure," Musk said. "There need to be things that people look forward to when we wake up in the morning."

Colonizing Mars won't be easy, but humanity can do it with a few key technological advances, Elon Musk said. Chief among them are fully and rapidly reusable rockets, and the ability to produce rocket propellant from local materials on the Red Planet.

Currently, rockets are used just once and then ditched into the ocean. That means a lot of money is sinking to the ocean floor after every launch.

For example, SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket costs about $16 million to build, but the fuel for each of the booster's liftoffs costs just $200,000, Musk said Tuesday. So finding a way to fly rockets again and again has the potential to slash the cost of spaceflight by a factor of 100, he added.

SpaceX is working hard to do just that. The company has tried twice this year to land a Falcon 9 first stage on an "autonomous drone ship" in the Atlantic Ocean during orbital launches. Both attempts, which occurred in January and April, were near misses; the rocket stage hit the target but ended up toppling and exploding on the ship's deck.

SpaceX will try again soon to bring a Falcon 9 first stage back down for a soft landing this time, perhaps on land at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida, Musk said recently.

Mars colonization could be complicated by the discovery of indigenous life forms on the surface, Musk said Tuesday; in such a case, scientists and decision makers would have to make sure Red Planet pioneers tread as carefully as possible.

But Musk doesn't think such planetary-protection concerns will end up being a major issue.

"It really doesn't seem like there's any life on Mars, on the surface at least," Musk said here Tuesday. "We're not seeing any sign of that."

The Martian underground is more hospitable, since any life forms there would be protected from the harsh radiation environment and cold temperatures encountered on the surface, he added. But Musk doesnt think subsurface life would or should derail Red Planet colonization.

"I think anything we do on the surface is really not going to have a big impact on the subterranean life," he said.

Musk hopes to be a key player in the spread of humanity to another planet, but he doesn't expect to be around to see the full fruits of his labor.

"It will be superhard to do this, and it will take a long time," he said of Mars colonization. "I suspect I won't live to see it become self-sustaining."

Follow Mike Wall on Twitter@michaeldwallandGoogle+.Follow us @Spacedotcom, Facebookor Google+. Originally published onSpace.com.

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