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Category Archives: Transhuman News

Researchers discover potential cancer treatment breakthrough – Medical Xpress

Posted: August 13, 2017 at 1:42 am

August 8, 2017 Killer T cells surround a cancer cell. Credit: NIH

Patients undergoing conventional chemotherapy for certain cancers could potentially receive more effective and less toxic drug treatment. In a July issue of the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), Dong Zhang Ph.D., associate professor of Biomedical Sciences at New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine (NYITCOM) and a team of researchers detail findings that suggest new synthetic lethal interactions could inhibit the growth of tumors in mesenchymal cells, cells that develop into connective tissue such as those found in bones, soft tissues, and the central nervous system.

Chemotherapy, known to injure healthy cells and cause unpleasant side effects such as hair loss and vomiting, is currently the only available treatment for persistent cancers known as alternative lengthening telomere (ALT) cancers. In healthy stem cell reproduction, the enzyme telomerase prevents the shortening of linear DNA ends (known as telomeres) with each replication. The enzyme can also be re-activated to promote genetic stability and immortality in many cancer cells. While many cancers that reproduce via telomerase re-activation may be treated with therapies other than chemotherapy, ALT cancer cells lack telomerase and few treatment options have been developed to inhibit their proliferation. Although ALT cancer cells account for only an estimated ten to fifteen percent of cancer cases, these incidences include some of the most deadly cancers, for example glioblastoma.

The researchers sought to better understand what conditions could inhibit the growth of ALT cancers, in the pursuit of uncovering potential new treatments. To do this they investigated three human genes associated with cancer development: FANCM (mutations of which are associated with blood cancers), BRCA1 (mutations of which are commonly found in patients with breast and ovarian cancers), and BLM (mutations of which cause a variety of cancers).

FANCM, known to repair DNA damage where two DNA strands have been incorrectly linked, was removed from cells also deficient of BRCA1 or BLM. As a result, the team found that simultaneous inactivation of BLM and FANCM or of BRCA1 and FANCM resulted in dramatic increases of unrepaired DNA damages, preventing the cancerous cells from further reproducing. These findings suggest that if drugs are developed to simultaneously inhibit BLM and FANCM, or BRCA1 and FANCM, they should kill the ALT cancers without posing the same toxic effects as the conventional chemotherapy drugs.

"In creating a more stressful replication environment at the site of ALT telomeres, cellular reproduction was halted, leading us to believe that there could be great potential for these novel synthetic lethal therapeutic strategies. Therefore, we recommend further exploring this possibility to target ALT cancers," said Zhang.

Explore further: Researchers discover BRCA1 gene is key for blood forming stem cells

More information: Xiaolei Pan et al, FANCM, BRCA1, and BLM cooperatively resolve the replication stress at the ALT telomeres, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2017). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1708065114

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I Am Not a Human Pacifier | Nurshable

Posted: at 1:41 am

Dear Daughter,

You are three weeks old. You nursed pretty much straight through the night last night, as I sort of drifted in and out of being fully awake.

Youre going through a growth spurt.

When you switch sides I feel the sting of letdown. Sometimes you nurse eagerly and gulp down the milk. Sometimes you become upset because you dont want milk. Or you dont want the fast flow of my over-active letdown. Sometimes you just want to lay in the semi-dark and nurse peacefully while your little dark blue eyes stare at my face and your little feet kick the still-soft skin of my belly which was your former home. Sometimes you want to comfort nurse. When this happens I kiss your forehead and switch you back to the empty side and let you lay close. You are a wise little creature that understands what it is that you need.

I am not a human pacifier.

Usually when a mom says that, its an expression of frustration that their infant insists on suckling for comfort. This is not what I mean when I say this.

I am not a warm human substitute for a cold silicone and plastic doohickey.

Your father may sometimes be a human pacifier. You suckle on his pinky finger during diaper changes or when I desperately need to wash my milk-stained body in the shower and remember for a few moments that I have two arms with two hands and that the dimensions of my body do not include an oddly independent nine pound female child that is frequently suspended from my body in a wrap of lightweight gauze. Your grandfather may be a human pacifier, as he holds you lovingly while I get your big brothers ready for bed or eat a hot meal without waiting for it to cool first- a luxury of not being afraid of hot bits of soup falling on you while I eat. Your brothers may briefly be human pacifiers when they offer up their pinky fingers for you to suck on, always imitating their daddy.Your grandma may be a human pacifier when she offers you her pinky finger to suck on and sings you Russian songs from her childhood.

But my breasts are not pacifiers. Comfort sucking is not time wasted. Its part of the job that my body and you have. It is how we evolved. We are the product of a long process of evolution that causes you to seek out my arms and my breasts, to suckle for comfort, to communicate with my immune system, to stay close and warm and protected, to stimulate the supply of your food, your antibodies, the components of breastmilk that scientists can see but cannot identify the function of.

Maybe you want the comfort of non-nutritive suckling because there is something that has you stressed out. Maybe you want a slow flow of high fat hindmilk that comes from comfort nursing. Maybe your body has some bacteria in it and you need the closeness so that your immune system can communicate with my immune system and it all can be taken care of without either of us ever knowing and without you ever becoming sick from the foreign invaders that your body cannot cope with but that my adult immune system attacks with the ferocity of a mama bear defending her cub.

Independence will come at your pace. I DO IT MYSELF! will become the phrase of the moment soon enough. The need to peel off and be independent is as natural a need as the need to breathe, to sleep and to eat. It comes from within the child when the child has the ability. It has come from within your brothers as they get older. It will come from within you as well. I can see it already as you bob your head against my chest in the wrap and peek over the side eager to strengthen your muscles and look at the world.

I choose to neither hold you past when you wish to be held, nor deny you comfort while it is something that you seek. I push you gently to be independent, recognizing that your world naturally expands within your comfort zone without me needing to push you past it into tears.

I am not a human pacifier. I am what you have a biological and evolutionary need for. I will not devalue your needs by implying that you lack the wisdom and understanding of what those needs are. I will not devalue your needs by becoming frustrated by your refusal to accept something that does not meet those needs. I want you to listen to your body from the beginning, to understand the difference between a healthy need of yours and a pacifying object. To have an understanding that dates back to the beginnings of your time on this planet.. That comfort comes from having your needs met, not from distracting yourself with something pink, pretty and plastic.

No manufacturer makes what you need for happiness, little one. I want you to understand this from the beginning of your life. Happiness comes from love, from closeness, and from deep inside of you. Seek this happiness, and never be distracted by things that simply pacify you rather than satisfying your needs.

<3 Mama.

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Obama Responds To Charlottesville Violence With A Quote From Nelson Mandela – HuffPost

Posted: at 1:41 am

Former President Barack Obama tweeted a quote from former South African President Nelson Mandela Saturday in an apparent response to the violence in Charlottesville, Virginia.

No one is born hating another person because of the color of his skin or his background or his religion.People must learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love.For love comes more naturally to the human heart than its opposite, Obama tweeted.

The quote is from Mandelas autobiography, Long Walk to Freedom. Obamas series of tweets also featured a photo of him greeting children at a day care facility in Bethesda, Maryland, in 2011.

President Donald Trump mentioned Obama in his response to the Charlottesville protests, during which white supremacists and other fringe groups clashed with counter-protesters.

We condemn in the strongest possible terms this egregious display of hatred, bigotry and violence on many sides on many sides,Trump said Saturday. Its been going on for a long time in our country, not Donald Trump, not Barack Obama. Its been going on for a long, long time.

At least three people died in the Charlottesville area Saturday. A 32-year-old woman was killed after a car plowed into a group of anti-racist protesters. Two more people were killed in a helicopter crash near Charlottesville. The Associated Press has reported that the crash was linked in some way to the violence in Charlottesville, but the details were not immediately clear.

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Taiwan master offers handwriting with a human touch – South China Morning Post

Posted: at 1:41 am

There is no chasm that cannot be bridged by sincerity, especially when its conveyed in a handwritten letter. Handwriting compels you to revisit the basics and helps build bridges between people by putting pen to paper. This is what 30-year-old Taiwan-born handwriting expert Ye Ye wants to focus on.

Ye was recently in the city for the annual Hong Kong Book Fair, gracing visitors with his live demonstrations.

He started off as a teacher of fine arts, but is now a full-time instructor of handwriting skills for both adults and children.

Yes determination to improve his handwriting was spurred after he was ridiculed by a classmate back in Secondary Three.

The reason I started to practice writing was due to someone who I feel is an important benefactor.

Back then, a classmate said that my writing was the ugliest of all in the class. I felt really hurt at the time, but on the other hand, I wanted to make some improvements, so it was an important starting point and inspiration.

With only a simple goal in mind, Ye started off his journey, which is to make sure that [his] handwriting is not the ugliest in class.

It was not until much later that he felt writings healing effect, especially when he focuses on getting every stroke down in a slow and steady manner in a bid to improve the writing.

Echoing the same sentiments as his followers who view his videos religiously, Ye said: Sometimes when I watch my own videos, I feel strangely at peace.

Of the many tools he uses, his choice of sticking with the simplicity of a ballpoint pen comes to many as a surprise.

He started using such pens in school and still prefers them because of their accessibility and cheapness.

Afterwards, when I took up pointed pen calligraphy, I realised there were certain limitations, which is why I started to learn brush calligraphy. In the learning process, regardless of your origin or nationality, everyone at the very beginning encounters the fonts used in ancient times, which in a way gives you the opportunity to attain a deeper understanding of traditional Chinese characters.

Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan use traditional characters, whereas mainland China created a simplified system in the 1950s to lift the majority of the population out of illiteracy.

There are also different ways of writing characters, including running and cursive script.

If we look at the structural beauty of the characters, I feel that traditional Chinese characters have an obvious advantage, Ye said.

However, I realise there are many parts in simplified Chinese characters which are adopted from the running and cursive scripts, and this is something that I really appreciate.

The inventors of the simplified script borrowed some characters from running script to reduce the number of strokes in the traditional system. Both the running and cursive script are preferred over standard script for their efficiency.

Watch: Examples of Ye Yes style

Bearing this in mind, I personally hope that when we write, we are able to explore and embrace the versatility and all-encompassing nature of Chinese characters, Ye said.

However, he adopts a conciliatory approach in the competition between simplified and traditional characters, urging everyone to appreciate the charm of both.

When asked how he would judge the beauty of someones handwriting, Ye said: There are only a number of fixed rules and techniques that I can impart to my pupils, and ultimately it is up to them to develop their own style.

To be able to express ones state of mind in the flow of ones writing and in terms of whether ones writing is comfortable to the eyes, to have that delivered to the reader, that would be the true definition of beauty.

Ye encourages everyone to pick up a pen to write as it is never too late to start. But he sees technology as one of the main factors in the decline of handwriting.

I feel that many processes will be replaced by technology. Despite this, things that come with a human touch cant be replaced.

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First human case of West Nile virus reported in Carson City-Douglas area – KRNV My News 4

Posted: at 1:41 am

CARSON CITY, Nev. (News 4 & Fox 11)

Carson City Health and Human Services and Douglas County Mosquito Abatement are reporting the first human case of West Nile virus in the Carson City-Douglas area for 2017.

The individual had the more serious form of the illness, which can impact the brain and surrounding tissues.

This coincides with the report of one positive mosquito collection in Carson City. The human case is not related to this collection.

Officials tested wetlands, ditches and other small bodies of water during the first week of August and of the samples collected, the virus is present in one of the test sites.

CCHHS staff plan to treat the areas to keep the virus from spreading. Mosquito surveillance and abatement activities have already been conducted a number of times throughout the summer in Carson City and Douglas County and are ongoing in those areas.

The most effective way to avoid the virus is to prevent mosquito bites. CCHHS and DCMA advise Nevadans and visitors to take the following precautions to prevent West Nile virus throughout the summer months:

For information about West Nile virus and other mosqutio-borne illnesses, visit http://www.GetHealthyCarsonCity.org.

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We’re one step closer to using pig organs in human transplants – CBS News

Posted: at 1:41 am

An average of 22 people die in America every day while waiting for organ transplants, but a group of researchers from the biotech company eGenesis hope to eventually change that statistic by using organs from cloned pig cells.

Using agene-editing tool called CRISPR, the researchers edited the DNA of pigs, removing potentially harmful viruses from their organs. Scientists then cloned those edited cells, put them in an egg, and implanted that egg into a sow. This enabled them to ultimately breed pigs with virus-free organs.

So why is this significant?

"In studies done before, if you took pig cells and human cells and put them together, the viruses would go to the human cells. And so now they've been eliminated, or inactivated. So all of a sudden, it opens the door for the potential of pigs," CBS News medical contributorDr. David Agussaid Friday on "CBS This Morning." "Pigs' organs are about the same size as human organs, so it's actually perfect for transplantations."

The breakthrough in eliminating viruses like the porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) brings us one step closer to xenotransplantation, or transplants between different species.

"It's absolutely wild I mean literally considered science fiction several years ago," Agus said.

In human heart valve replacements, pig valves are used, but they are put in formaldehyde and fixed, Agus said. The new research is different because "these are live cells, functioning [organs] kidneys, livers, hearts. It really is going to be dramatic how it could affect many human lives," he added.

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Scientists in the U.S. have successfully repaired a faulty gene in human embryos for the first time. Researchers used the powerful technology kno...

Altering the DNA and the rapid advances with CRISPR have raised legal and ethical concerns. Most recently, scientists announced they successfully repaired a disease-causing gene in human embryos using CRISPR. Agus called for an international group to start drawing boundaries.

"We're talking about some dramatic advances and literally happening week by week, but they can keep going. And so the challenge is to do it right," Agus said. "The challenge is someone not to change an embryo to make them taller, stronger, faster. The challenge is to do it to benefit human health in a positive way on a global sense."

2017 CBS Interactive Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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DARPA is Working on Enhancing Human Senses with Computers – Futurism

Posted: at 1:41 am

In Brief DARPA, the research arm of the U.S. Department of Defense, awarded contracts to six teams working on developing better brain-computer interface technology. The goal, according to DARPA, is to repair and enhance the senses of those with disabilities. Repairing and Enhancing

The U.S. Department of Defense is moving forward with its work on brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), with the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) awarding contracts to five research groups and one private company on Tuesday.

BCIs have been around for a while now, but the potential for expanding their capabilities is relatively recent. The primary purpose of BCIs have been developing better neuroprostheses, which is also one of the visions of DARPAs Neural Engineering System Design (NESD) program. Through NESD, DARPA wants to develop high-resolution brain interfaces that could restore and enhance human senses.

The NESD program looks ahead to a future in which advanced neural devices offer improved fidelity, resolution, and precision sensory interface for therapeutic applications, founding NESD program manager Phillip Alvelda said at the announcement, the Singularity Archive reports. Of the six awarded contracts, four will work on vision enhancement while the other two will focus on hearing and speech.

Back in 2016, DARPA announced that NESD will develop neural interface systems that will improve communication between the brain and the digital world. The idea is to convert electrochemical signals in the brain into the binary bits of zeros and ones used in computers. Braintree founder Bryan Johnson even thinks its possible to make our neural code programmable through such systems.

Not only would this help treat persons with sense disabilities by inputting various senses directly into the brain as digital signals, it would also enhance them. The ability of such neural interface systems to do this has led others working on similar technologies like Elon Musk with his Neuralink to consider BCIs as humanitys way of keeping up with the development of intelligent machines. Indeed, the power of BCIs to meld the human mind with machines has led to the emerging field ofneuroreality, which is a transformation of how we see and interact with the world around us.

For DARPA, it starts with helping those that suffer from sensory impairments. [I]f were successful in delivering rich sensory signals directly to the brain, NESD will lay a broad foundation for new neurological therapies, Alvelda said.

Significant technical challenges lie ahead, he added, but the teams we assembled have formulated feasible plans to deliver coordinated breakthroughs across a range of disciplines and integrate those efforts into end-to-end systems.

Disclosure: Bryan Johnson is an investor in Futurism; he does not hold a seat on our editorial board or have any editorial review privileges.

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Researchers Develop Bendable Batteries That Could Make Implants and Wearables Safer – Futurism

Posted: at 1:41 am

In BriefChinese researchers have developed two safer alternatives totraditional batteries, which can leak hazardous chemicals. Thesenew batteries are flexible and thin, which could make them idealfor use in wearables and implantable devices. Flexible and Safe

Leaking batteries can corrode the interiors of electronics, sometimes causing irreparable damage. Even worse, they can harm people, and given the increasingprevalence of wearable technology and implantable devices, such a hazard is troublesome.

To avoid this issue altogether, researchers from ChinasFudan Universityhave developed a new kind of battery that doesnt include the chemicals that can make traditional batteries dangerous. As a bonus, their designs are also thin and flexible.

Current batteries like the lithium-ion ones used in medical implants generally come in rigid shapes, Yonggang Wang, one of the researchers from Fudan, said in a press release. Additionally, most of the reported flexible batteries are based on flammable organic or corrosive electrolytes, which suffer from safety hazards and poor biocompatibility for wearable devices, let alone implantable ones.

In a study recentlypublished in Chem, the researchers present their two flexibledesign alternatives, neither of which requires the electrolytes used in current batteries. Instead, these batteries use one of two bio-compatible sodium-based liquids: a normal saline solution or a cell culture medium that contains amino acids, sugars, and vitamins.

The first design is a 2D belt made of thin electrode films overa steel strand mesh. The other features a carbon nanotube fiber weave with nanoparticle electrodes embedded on it. According to the researchers, both designs showed excellent performance, even faring better than most existing lithium-ion batteries used in wearable electronics in terms of how much energy they could hold and the power they could produce.

The thinness and flexibility of these batteries make them idealfor implants, the researchers noted, and theycould be hugely beneficial to the development ofbrain-computer interfaces, which are, obviously, implanted into one of the most sensitive organs inside the human body.

The researchers also stumbled upon an unexpected potential use for their second battery design. The batterys carbon nanotube backbone caused the conversion of dissolved oxygen into hydroxide ions to accelerate. This isnt good for the battery itself, the researchers said, but it could prove beneficial forcancer starvation therapy.

We can implant these fiber-shaped electrodes into the human body to consume essential oxygen, especially for areas that are difficult for injectable drugs to reach, Wang explained in the press release. Deoxygenation might even wipe out cancerous cells or pathogenic bacteria since they are very sensitive to changes in living environment pH.

Of course, as this wasnt the object of the research, much more in-depth studies would be required to validate this effect. Until then, it remains largely theoretical.

The batteries themselves, though, show a great deal of promise for their intended use. The next step is to make sure they would be able to meet the power needsof todays wearables and implants, as well as those that are still to come.

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Space station crew to get three shots at solar eclipse – CBS News

Posted: August 11, 2017 at 5:50 pm

The International Space Station's crew will enjoy views of the Aug. 21 solar eclipse during three successive orbits, giving the astronauts a unique opportunity to take in the celestial show from 250 miles up as the moon's shadow races across from the Pacific Ocean and the continental United States before moving out over the Atlantic.

"Because we're going around the Earth every 90 minutes, about the time it takes the sun to cross the U.S., we'll get to see it three times," Randy Bresnik said Friday during a NASA Facebook session. "The first time will be just off the West Coast, we'll actually cross the path of the sun, and we'll have (a partial) eclipse looking up from the space station."

For the station crew, the first partial eclipse opportunity will begin at 12:33 a.m. EDT (GMT-4) and end 13 minutes later.

Floating in the European Columbus laboratory module, Bresnik showed off a solar filter shipped up to the station earlier, saying "we've got specially equipped cameras that'll have these solar filters on them that allow us to take pictures of the sun. That's going to be pretty neat, we'll have a couple of us shooting that."

Space station astronaut Randy Bresnik shows off a solar filter that will be used by the crew during multiple opportunities to photograph the Aug. 21 solar eclipse from their perch 250 miles up.

NASA TV

One orbit later, the station will cross the path of the eclipse in the extreme northwest following a trajectory that will carry the lab over central Canada on the way to the North Atlantic. From the station's perspective, 44 percent of the sun will be blocked in a partial eclipse. But the crew will be able to see the umbra, where the eclipse is total, near the southern horizon.

"We'll be north of Lake Huron in Canada when we'll be able to see the umbra, or the shadow of the eclipse, actually on the Earth, right around the Tennessee-Kentucky (area), the western side of both those states," Bresnik said. "That'll be an opportunity for us to take video, and take still pictures and kind of show you from the human perspective what that's going to look like."

During the second of three successive orbits, the space station crew, passing just south of Hudson Bay, will have a chance to see and photograph the moon's shadow as it moves across western Kentucky and northwestern Tennessee some 1,100 miles away.

NASA

The umbra, defining the 70-mile-wide shadow where the sun's disk will be completely blocked out, will be at its closest to the space station at 2:23 p.m. The moon's shadow will be about 1,100 miles away from the lab complex, but from their perch 250 miles up, the astronauts should be able to photograph the dark patch as they race along in their orbit.

"And then the third pass is actually just off the East Coast," Bresnik said. "We'll come around one more time and from the station side we'll see about an 85 percent eclipse of the sun looking up (at 4:17 p.m.). So we should be able to get really neat photos, with our filters, of the sun being occluded by the moon."

NASA plans to provide four hours of eclipse coverage, starting at noon EDT, on the agency's satellite television channel, in web streams and via social media, including Twitter, Instagram and Facebook.

"We have a lot of options to share all this," Bresnik told a Facebook questioner. "It's U.S. taxpayer dollars. ... You're paying us to take these pictures, and they go to you. They're free to everybody, and you can access them from the NASA website."

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SpaceX is launching a supercomputer to the International Space Station – Ars Technica

Posted: at 5:50 pm

Enlarge / Karen Nyberg, of Expedition 37, works with a plant experiment in the Destiny laboratory of the space station.

As it nears the end of its second decade, the International Space Station is starting to hit its stride. The large orbital laboratory offers private companies a chance to test business ideas in microgravity, serves as a testbed for astronaut health, and allows NASA to prove technologies for future missions into deep space.

One of the critical technologies NASA will need if it really does send humans beyond the Earth-Moon system within the next few decades is more powerful computers capable of operating in the deep space environment. Presently, the main command computers that operate the space station use Intel i386 processors. However, thatis fine for the station because all of its critical systems are monitored around the clock by ground-based flight controllers who can work in real time with the crew to fix any problems that arise.

If humans do travel to Mars, they will face increasingly long communications delaysstretching out to more than half an hourbetween Earth and their spacecraft. In that situation, the astronauts are likely to become more reliant on more powerful computers and artificial intelligence to make critical course corrections or decisions within seconds or minutes.

A "smart" spacecraft, however, will require a considerably more powerful and robust computer. So NASA andHewlett-Packard Enterprise (HPE) are taking the first step toward that by launching a "supercomputer" to the International Space Station. It will ride into space as early as Monday aboard SpaceX's next supply mission to the station.

"This goes along with the space station's mission to facilitate exploration beyond low Earth orbit,"Mark Fernandez, HPE's leading payload engineer for the project, told Ars. "If this experiment works, it opens up a universe of possibility for high performance computing in space."

For the year-long experiment, astronauts will install the computer inside a rack in the Destiny module of the space station. It is about the size of two pizza boxes stuck together. And while the device is not exactly a state-of-the-art supercomputerit has a computing speed of about 1 teraflopit is the most powerful computer sent into space. Unlike most computers, it has not been hardened for the radiation environment aboard the space station. The goal is to better understand how the space environment will degrade the performance of an off-the-shelf computer.

During the next year, the spaceborne computer will continuously run through a set of computing benchmarks to determine its performance over time. Meanwhile, on the ground, an identical copy of the computer will run in a lab as a control.

If the test is successful, it will open the door to the use of even more powerful computers aboard the space station and other spacecraft NASA is developing to send humans farther into space. Fernandez said HPE also envisions that scientists could eventually use an on-board supercomputer for data processing of their experiments on the station, rather than clogging the limited bandwidth between space and ground with raw data.

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