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Genomic Research Aids in the Effort to Understand How Best to Treat Deadly Infections Caused by a Fungus – UMass News and Media Relations
Posted: October 6, 2022 at 12:40 pm
A research team led by a University of Massachusetts Amherst scientist has made a significant genetic discovery that sheds light on the use of the drug caspofungin to treat a deadly fungal infection, Aspergillus fumigatus, which kills some 100,000 severely immunocompromised people each year.
Typically, healthy people inhale about 50 to 100 spores of A. fumigatus every day when outdoors. Our body does a great job of identifying them and destroying them, says UMass Amherst associate professor of food science John Gibbons, whose microbial genomics lab studies the fungus.
But in people with compromised immune systems from cancer treatment, organ transplants, HIV, COVID-19 and other conditions, A. fumigatus can cause a really nasty infection, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, with a 50% mortality rate, Gibbons says. And theres a limited way to treat these infections.
To complicate matters, when given in high concentrations as a treatment for an A. fumigatus infection, the anti-fungal drug sometimes creates a caspofungin paradoxical effect [CPE], which increases the fungal growth rather than eradicating it.
In research published in the journal Microbiology Spectrum, senior author Gibbons, Shu Zhao, a former graduate student in the Gibbons lab, and colleagues describe a first important step in the effort to understand when and why treatment with caspofungin could be more harmful than beneficial. The team, including scientists from Vanderbilt University, the University of Tennessee Science Health Center and the University of So Paolo in Brazil, completed the first genomic and molecular identification of two genes that contribute to the paradoxical effect in A. fumigatus.
This is one of the first studies to apply genome-wide association (GWA) analysis to identify genes involved in an Aspergillus fumigatus phenotype, the paper states.
The team sequenced the genome of 67 clinical samples, about half of which had CPE, spotting genetic differences between the groups and then using GWA, a statistical method, to determine how these genetic variants are associated with growth patterns at high concentrations of caspofungin. We identified a few candidate genes that we thought might contribute to this paradoxical effect, Gibbons says.
The scientists then used the genetic engineering technology, CRISPR, to delete those candidate genes from the genome, creating gene-deletion mutants and enabling the researchers to determine that two of the genes were involved in the paradoxical effect.
It looks like there are many genes and many genetic variants that contribute to this phenotype, Gibbons says. We arent done yet. One idea is that we could potentially generate new drug targets if we find the full collection of genes. We dont understand the mechanisms yet.
Ultimately the team hopes they can use DNA sequencing to understand the genetic basis of different phenotypes in general and to predict for clinical benefits if a patient sample of A. fumigatus has a genotype that is associated with the paradoxical effect.
That would be an important tool that could really improve treatment, Gibbons says.
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Estimation of the mutation rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in cases with recurrent tuberculosis using whole genome sequencing | Scientific Reports…
Posted: at 12:40 pm
Studying M. tuberculosis latency in humans is harsh due to the difficulty of isolating the dormant bacteria, which is not possible until the active disease. Much has been published regarding latent TB and the percentages of reactivation and disease, but the latency data in patients who have already passed the disease have not been studied. Different approaches were used to mimic this process10,11,12. This work shows, for the first time, results obtained using isolates of patients with recurrent TB. Aragon, a region in the North of Spain, has a low incidence of TB. Thanks to the surveillance protocol carried out in this region since 2004, all M. tuberculosis isolates are genotyped and registered, allowing to trace the clinical TB history of the patients. Around 5% of the TB cases in our population correspond to recurrent TB. Of them, 89.8% were TB cases with isolates showing identical IS6110-RFLP patterns, indicating a potential relapse. Most of them (71%) were later considered as fail of treatment. In contrast, 10.2% of the patients had isolates with different genotypes, considered as reinfections. Among the total of TB cases in our community, reinfection occurs in 0.5% of the TB cases, reflecting that reinfection is uncommon among our population. These data are in agreement with a previous study in Madrid population, which showed an 87.5% of relapses and 12.5% of reinfections among the cases with recurrent TB13. However, in a study in the Canary Islands, the results showed a higher reinfection percentage (44%) versus the 55% of relapses14. A more extreme result was obtained in a study in London, in which 72.6% of the repeated patients were classified as reinfections against a 27.4% of relapses15. The large variation of the results among the different studies suggests that they largely depend on the population sample studied. It would be very interesting to analyse the reinfection cases in each of the studies to understand the reasons for these differences. Regarding endemic TB regions, a higher percentage of recurrent TB was found. Around 9.5% of TB patients had recurrent TB in Malawi (39.6% had relapse and 14.4% reinfection, the rest was undetermined)16 and a study carried out in India demonstrated that the majority of relapses they had were among HIV negative people (95% of TB recurrences) while the majority of reinfections were among HIV positive people (75% of TB recurrences)17.
Regarding the epidemiological and risk factors of the relapsed TB cases studied, we found that relapse was significantly earlier in HIV positive patients (in the first two years since the first episode) when compared to HIV negative patients (p value=0.041), what would be in accordance with a compromised immune system. We also found a trend that males suffered relapse earlier than females, which could be linked to other risk factors such as the use of IV drugs, smoking and the HIV status, which were more frequent in males in our study population. Any risk factor was found as significant for causing an earlier reactivation by Colangeli et al. 12, however they recognized that the clinical cases studied did not have in general any comorbidity.
The number of SNPs between the pairs ranged from 0 to 8. Remarkably, three among the 18 pairs had more than 5 SNPs between the first and the relapsed isolate, interpreted as not recent transmission18, even though the bacteria were isolated from the same patient. This could be related to clinical characteristics of the patients, as immunosuppression, HIV status or the treatment adherence. Surprisingly, several SNPs were found in the first isolates that were absent in the relapsed isolates, as if they had reverted. This phenomenon was extreme in P12, in which six out of the seven SNPs found were absent in the relapsed isolate. The explanation could be the presence of different clones in the patient19,20. In this way, in the different disease episodes a different clone was isolated, resulting from different bottlenecks and selective pressures of the original strain21,22. The reinfection with an identical strain has been described as a limitation of these kind of studies, but in our case, it can be discarded as only one of the pairs belonged to a large endemic cluster (P4, with 0 SNPs). The rest of the pairs were infected with orphan or small-outbreak strains of up to four cases, differently from other studies with large endemic clusters and high TB prevalence22.
Same as Colangeli et at.12, we did not find a significant correlation between the number of SNPs and the time between episodes. However, it is possible that P8 (160months between episodes and 0 SNPs) is altering the trend of SNP accumulation when the time between episodes increases. This is one limitation when working with small sample size, that a single point could have a great impact in the results. None of the SNPs found seemed related with recurrence as all were unique and therefore not common to more than one pair of isolates. It has been described that 0.5 SNPs per genome, per year is the standard mutation rate for M. tuberculosis10. Some studies, where multiple MDR/XDR isolates coming from the same patients were sequenced, have reported that selective pressure and antibiotic resistance can increase this mutation rate as high as more than 3 SNPs17,21. Despite all strains had been under the selective pressure of treatment, they did not achieve such a higher rate, maybe because they were drug susceptible. The mean mutation rate found in our study was 0.64 SNPs, slightly above the standard, due to the high mutation rate found in L4.1, almost double than the standard.
The correlation between the mutation rate and the relapsing period was found just marginally significant (p value=0.0613), differently to Colangeli et al.12, who found it significant. It is important to remark that the approaches were completely different: they used transmission events to mimic the latency period as the time between the diagnosis of the two cases, while we used isolates from the same patient who had a previous TB episode. We eliminated all patients with less than one year between the diagnosis of the episodes, as this was considered as a treatment failure, while Colangeli et al. 2020 had latency periods from one month, which was not possible in our clinical cases as a minimum of 6months of treatment was required. We did not find a significant correlation between the mutation rate along the variable generation times analysed when we split the data into [12years] and (214years), we observed just a small difference. This difference was much smaller than that found by Colangeli et al. 2020 (as high as 81010 for early latency), suggesting that mutation rate was constant during the relapsing period in recurrent TB cases. The mutation rate found in our study, 2.71010, was similar to that found by Ford et al. 2011 (21010)10, therefore both more distant from the one found by Colangeli et al. 2020. The reason why our results are similar to those of Ford et al. 2011 could be due to the similarity of the approaches applied, as they used lesions of the same macaques for studying latency and we used relapsed isolates from the same patients.
The analysis of the IS6110 element showed differences in the number of IS6110 copies in six of the pairs studied, affecting more than one IS copy in several pairs. It has been observed that IS6110 transposed more in great starvation conditions23, which could be similar to the conditions the mycobacteria found in the granuloma4. It was surprising that in four of the pairs studied, the relapsed isolates had lost 1 to 3 copies that were present in the first isolates. Noteworthy, the number of reads obtained in the fastQ files for these copies was considerably lower than for the rest of the IS copies. This suggests that those lost copies were not still fixed in the complete bacteria population, therefore a selection among the different clones present in the same patient had taken place24. It could be that the lost copies in the relapsed isolates had some deleterious effect for the mycobacteria as the relapsed bacteria were the ones without that IS copies. The fact that five out of the six pairs with IS6110 movements had more than 2years of relapsing period supports the idea of IS transposing more during the asymptomatic state of the patient23.
The main limitation to analyse the evolution of the bacteria during the dormancy period is the approach used for resembling this state. There is not a perfect approach, as it is impossible to reproduce what is happening inside the granuloma of a concrete patient, but we think that using isolates of the same patient is the closest way to do it. The difficulty to obtain the complete epidemiological information of the patients is another limitation because it does not allow to determine the accurate development of the diseases episodes. Another limitation is that some of the SNPs could be the result of a sequencing error or due to laboratory management, what would have a huge impact on the mutation rate. In addition, although there were more cases of potential relapses in our records, DNA of the isolates was not available. We decided not to re-cultivate these stored isolates to avoid more manipulation that could introduce errors such as additional SNPs that were not present in the original strains.
As a conclusion, the patients with HIV seemed to suffer reactivation in the first two years after the initial episode of TB more frequently than HIV negative patients. Besides, IS6110 movements occurred more frequently in patients with more than two years between episodes and it seems that different clones of the original strain could be responsible for the first and the following episodes. No correlation was found between the number of SNPs and the time between episodes, neither between the mutation rate and the relapsing period, just a trend of diminishing in longer time periods. Finally, the mutation rate seemed to be constant along all the period between episodes.
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Estimation of the mutation rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in cases with recurrent tuberculosis using whole genome sequencing | Scientific Reports...
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Bionano Genomics Announces Six User Presentations of OGM Results in Cancer Genomics Research at the Spanish Society of Hematology (SEHH) 2022 -…
Posted: at 12:40 pm
SAN DIEGO, Oct. 06, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Bionano Genomics, Inc. (Nasdaq: BNGO) today announced its participation at theSpanish Society of Hematology (SEHH) 2022 Conference, with six scientific presentations from independent researchers covering a wide variety of the cancer genomics landscape, highlighting the application of optical genome mapping (OGM) for hematologic malignancies and cancer research.
SEHH 2022 is a three-day conference dedicated to basic, preclinical and translational cancer research. SEHH sessions will take place October 6-8, 2022 in Barcelona, Spain. Six separate scientific presentations delivered by faculty and clinicians from Spanish hematology institutes, cancer centers and hospitals will illustrate the application of Bionanos OGM solutions in blood cancer research areas including leukemias, lymphomas and myelofibrosis.
Scientific presentations on OGM include:
More details on the conference can be found here.
We believe the information covered in these SEHH presentations demonstrates the potential of OGM becoming an essential tool in the arsenal of cancer researchers across Spain, commentedErik Holmlin, president and chief executive officer of Bionano. These presentations point to the continued expansion of OGM into clinical research applications for hematological malignancies and we are excited to see how much more of an impact OGM may make in the future.
About Bionano Genomics
Bionano Genomics is a provider of genome analysis solutions that can enable researchers and clinicians to reveal answers to challenging questions in biology and medicine. The Companys mission is to transform the way the world sees the genome through OGM solutions, diagnostic services and software. The Company offers OGM solutions for applications across basic, translational and clinical research. Through its Lineagen d/b/a Bionano Laboratories business, the Company also provides diagnostic testing for patients with clinical presentations consistent with autism spectrum disorder and other neurodevelopmental disabilities. Through its BioDiscovery business, the Company also offers an industry-leading, platform-agnostic software solution, which integrates next-generation sequencing and microarray data designed to provide analysis, visualization, interpretation and reporting of copy number variants, single-nucleotide variants and absence of heterozygosity across the genome in one consolidated view. For more information, visit http://www.bionanogenomics.com, http://www.bionanolaboratories.comor http://www.biodiscovery.com.
Forward-Looking Statements of Bionano Genomics
This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as believe, potential, may, and similar expressions (as well as other words or expressions referencing future events, conditions or circumstances) convey uncertainty of future events or outcomes and are intended to identify these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include statements regarding our intentions, beliefs, projections, outlook, analyses or current expectations concerning, among other things, the utility of OGM in cancer and hematologic research. Each of these forward-looking statements involves risks and uncertainties. Actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected or implied in these forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause such a difference include the risks and uncertainties associated with: the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and the global economy; general market conditions; changes in the competitive landscape and the introduction of competitive technologies or improvements to existing technologies; failure of the adoption of OGM as a tool for cancer or hematologic research; future study results contradicting the results reported in the presentations given and posters made available at the SEHH 2022 Conference; changes in our strategic and commercial plans; our ability to obtain sufficient financing to fund our strategic plans and commercialization efforts; the ability of medical and research institutions to obtain funding to support adoption or continued use of our technologies; and the risks and uncertainties associated with our business and financial condition in general, including the risks and uncertainties described in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including, without limitation, our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 and in other filings subsequently made by us with the Securities and Exchange Commission. All forward-looking statements contained in this press release speak only as of the date on which they were made and are based on managements assumptions and estimates as of such date. We do not undertake any obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of the receipt of new information, the occurrence of future events or otherwise.
CONTACTSCompany Contact:Erik Holmlin, CEOBionano Genomics, Inc.+1 (858) 888-7610eholmlin@bionanogenomics.com
Investor Relations:Amy ConradJuniper Point+1 (858) 366-3243amy@juniper-point.com
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Bionano Genomics Announces Six User Presentations of OGM Results in Cancer Genomics Research at the Spanish Society of Hematology (SEHH) 2022 -...
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The Datasets Were Looking At This Week – FiveThirtyEight
Posted: at 12:37 pm
Youre reading Data Is Plural, a weekly newsletter of useful/curious datasets. Below youll find the Oct. 5, 2022, edition, reprinted with permission at FiveThirtyEight.
Grid emissions, chain and indie restaurants, wildfire smoke pollution, federal audits and a decade of tasks.
Grid emissions. Ember, an energy think tank that uses data-driven insights to shift the world from coal to clean electricity, has begun compiling annual and monthly statistics on electricity demand, generation and estimated greenhouse gas emissions by country, standardized from national and international sources. The annual estimates span two decades and 200-plus countries and territories; the monthly dataset provides somewhat less coverage. Both can also be explored online. Related: Singularitys Open Grid Emissions initiative estimates the hourly grid emissions of balancing authorities and power plants in the U.S., currently for 2019 and 2020. Previously: Other energy-related datasets. [h/t Philippe Quirion]
Chain and indie restaurants. Xiaofan Liang and Clio Andris of Georgia Techs Friendly Cities Lab have published a map and dataset examining the chainness of 700,000-plus U.S. restaurants. Starting with records provided by a marketing-data company, the researchers standardized the restaurants names, counted their frequencies and classified them as chains (those with more than five outlets) or not. The dataset also lists each restaurants cuisine and location. As seen in: Andrew Van Dams exploration of the data for his new-ish Washington Post column, Department of Data.
Wildfire smoke pollution. Marissa L. Childs et al. have developed a machine learning model of daily wildfire-driven PM2.5 concentrations using a combination of ground, satellite, and reanalysis data sources that are easy to update. (PM2.5 refers to particulate matter 2.5 micrometers in diameter or smaller.) The researchers then used that model to generate daily smoke PM2.5 estimates for each county, Census tract and 10-kilometer-grid tile in the contiguous U.S., for 2006-2020. Read more: Coverage and maps in the New York Times. [h/t George LeVines]
Federal audits. Nonprofits, state/local governments and other noncommercial entities expending $750,000-plus of federal funds in a year are required to undergo a standardized audit of their financials and compliance. The U.S. Federal Audit Clearinghouse maintains a public database of those audits; it offers bulk downloads of the report data (about the auditee, auditor, findings and more), as well a tool to search and access individual reports. [h/t Big Local News]
A decade of tasks. Between April 2009 and February 2019, software engineer Renzo Borgatti set 17,000-plus daily tasks for himself. He completed slightly less than half of them. He labeled them with tags such as @meeting, @talk and @clojure. He estimated how many pomodoros each would take, and how many they really did. We know this because Borgatti allowed Derek M. Jones to publish a partially redacted dataset of his tracked tasks. Previously: One software companys task estimates (DIP 2019.04.24), also published by Jones.
Dataset suggestions? Criticism? Praise? Send feedback to jsvine@gmail.com. Looking for past datasets? This spreadsheet contains them all. Visit data-is-plural.com to subscribe and to browse past editions.
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The Hayflick Limit: Why Every Human Can Live Up to 125 Years – History of Yesterday
Posted: at 12:33 pm
ld manuscripts from different cultures that have a long history behind them have taught us that we are not immortal, but our ancestors once had a life span of hundreds of years. Until 1961 we thought based on our knowledge that cells within an organic body are immortal when it comes to the aging process. We as humans age, but our cells have the same abilities.
Until 1961 we turned to different religions, cultures, and other historical sources to gain some understanding as to why we age. Science did not quite understand it, therefore it wasnt able to give a reason behind the natural aging process. That was until 1961 when a biomedical expert made a discovery that changed the medical world forever.
Hayflick was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on the 20th of May, 1928. His parents, Edna Hayflick and Nathan Hayflick were working in the medical field which is a factor in Hayflicks attraction to science and also biomedicine. What really pushed him forward to becoming a scientist in the medical field was at his birthday when he was turning nine. His uncle brought him a chemistry set as a birthday present.
Later on, in his teenage years, his parents built him a small biology and chemistry laboratory in the basement of their house. Once he started going to John Bartram High School in Philadelphia,Hayflick was so knowledgeable that he was the one correcting his chemistry teacher.
Hayflick was supposed to start studying at the University of Pennsylvania in 1946, but he had postponed his studies for military service. After his military service from 1946 to 1948, he returned to continue his studies. After graduating in 1951, he was hired as a research assistant in bacteriology. Although the job was good, he loved the environment within the University of Pennsylvania, which is why he returned to do a Masters degree. Once he graduated,he won a fellowship to a Ph.D. program in medical microbiology and chemistry. He received his Doctorate in 1956.
At the Wistar Institute in 1958, Hayflick began to study whether or not viruses could cause cancers inhumans. That is why he would extract the viruses said to cause cancer and place them into normal healthy human cells to see if this was the case. In order to make the study unbiased, he had to use multiple samples, this meant growing more cells. Working on the culture of cells, he noticed something out of the ordinary, an older group of cells stopped dividing and he didnt understand why.
The cells were not dead as they kept metabolizing, but they would not divide anymore. After looking at other cell cultures, he noticed thatmost of them would stop dividing about 50 cell population doublings.
In order to understand why this is quite unusual, here is a quick science lesson. Within our life, all our cells divide, this is a process that cannot be stopped. With each division, thetelomeresthat can be found at the end of eachChromosomeget shorter and shorter to the point where they become very short. At that point, the cells stop dividing.A representation of a cell dividing and with each division the telomeres get shorter (Source:CleanPNG)
Up to that point, scientists believed that the natural aging process was linked to the source of life, something that even to this day we are not able to understand or comprehend. Upon discovering this about the cells, Hayflick stopped his research of cancerous cells and focused on what today is known as gerontology (the study of the aging process).
In 2 years of research, he discovered that cellular aging was linked to the age of our human body and it is the reason why we only live around 125 years. His paper was published in 1961 entitled The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains. In another study conducted, he looked at cells collected from different parts of the body as well as compared the cells collected from adults and fetuses.
All of the cells were dividing about 40 to a maximum of 60 times before stopping.Once they have stopped they would degenerate and die. The same applies to humans once they reach senior age, and this is what is the cause of natural death. The body degenerates and therefore it dies. The theory is very well described in his paper, as he mentions that the length of telomeres presented in different cells can take more or less time to shorten to the point where the cell division stops.
Some cells divide only 40 times before they stop because due to the length of the telomers, also proving that every DNA is quite Unique. What this means is prof to why some people age quicker than others, it all comes down to genes. At around 60 divisions (if taken in correlation with the age of a person), the age of that person should be around 125 years old, anddue to good genes containing longer telomeres, they manage to reach such an age.
A cell could completemitosis, or cellular duplication and division, only forty to sixty times before undergoingapoptosisand subsequent death. As our bodies are made up only of cells, this would explain why death from old age is a thing. Also, the paper shows that with every cellular duplication and division, the cell itself becomes more fragile, sort of weaker, and less efficient at the mitosis process.Presenting the lifecycle of cells that are in the subcultivation process (duplicating and dividing) from Heyflicks study in 1961. (Source:ScienceDirect)
Above we can see the study conducted by Heyflick in 1961 where he tried to see how many times can a cell duplicate and divide within a cellular culture. When the 50th mitosis is complete, the cell stops and quickly begins the apoptosis process where the cell dies.
This is a perfect representation of the human aging process. With time as we become older, our bodies weaken, so do all the senses such as sight or hearing and most importantly, the healing process of any wound is slowed down due to cells taking longer to regenerate. As the cells are shown in the study and as in the cell of every organism, everything becomes slower and more difficult. Now when you hear old people complaining about pain and life becoming harder and harder you will understand why.
If it werent for Heyflick, we would still probably not understand the process of aging. Of course, there are much newer studies out there that give a better-defined explanation of the aging process. Isnt it interesting how the most important discoveries within the medical field happened by accident? In this case, it was not really an accident, but a small detail within another study that could have been simply overseen.
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The Hayflick Limit: Why Every Human Can Live Up to 125 Years - History of Yesterday
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Downtown Lecture Series, now in 10th year, will focus on sexualities – University of Arizona News
Posted: at 12:33 pm
By Lori Harwood, College of Social and Behavioral Sciences
Wednesday
This year's Downtown Lecture Series, hosted by the University of Arizona College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, will focus on the theme "sexualities," exploring the complex ways that gender and sexuality shape our lives, from the intimate to the institutional.
Speakers for this year's series will address the cultural impacts of drag performance, 19th-century sex scandals, reproductive justice and how gender and sexuality are taught, or not taught, in schools. The talks will be held on Oct. 12, 19, 26 and Nov. 1 at 6 p.m. at the Fox Tucson Theatre, 17 W. Congress St.
The series is sponsored by the Stonewall Fund at the Community Foundation for Southern Arizona.
In-person attendees can register online for free tickets. The talks will also be recorded for those who can't attend, with livestream links available on the lecture series website.
Launched in 2013, the Downtown Lecture Series was created to bring the university and Tucson communities together in downtown Tucson to learn about topics that relate to people's everyday lives. Over the years, College of Social and Behavioral Sciences faculty along with university and community colleagues have presented on happiness, food, immortality, privacy, truth and trust in the global scene, music, animals, woman power, and compassion.
"As the new dean of SBS, I am excited to be a part of the 10th anniversary of the Downtown Lecture Series. Our scholars will draw on their research to share fresh insights and add nuance to complex and timely topics involving gender and sexuality," said Lori Poloni-Staudinger, who joined the university as dean of the college in July. "I am also pleased that this year's series shares the expertise of not just amazing SBS faculty but also brilliant scholars from the Colleges of Humanities and Education."
Eric Plemons, associate professor in the School of Anthropology, studies the politics and practice of transgender medicine and is the curator of this year's series.
"It's been exciting to conceptualize this series on such a huge topic that touches our lives in so many different ways," Plemons said. "My approach to the series was to think broadly about sexualities. We often imagine sexuality as an identity-based word or about our intimacies. But certainly when we think about educational policy or health care or marriage, these are all places where our sexuality as individuals and as a group gets really messy and blurry."
Plemons added, "I often say as an anthropologist, you always want to study a controversy, because that's where you know that something really matters to people."
Here is the full series lineup.
Oct. 12: 21st Century Drag: Queer Play from Social Media to Story Hour
Harris Kornstein, assistant professor in the College of Humanities, will discuss research into two of drag's more recent frontiers: digital performances of identity via social media, and children's story hours. Drawing on their own performance practice, Kornstein will focus on the ways drag disrupts binaries of truth and fiction, visibility and privacy, and pleasure and politics.
Oct. 19: Sex, Scandal, and Reputation in Early California
Erika Prez, associate professor in the Department of History, will discuss her ongoing research on sex scandals and sex crimes in 19th-century California, focusing on a few specific legal cases and newspaper accounts to illustrate popular debates and societal anxiety about female sexuality, courtship and the absence of patriarchal protection.
Oct. 26: Personhood Under Patriarchy: Reproductive Justice in Arizona and Beyond
Louise Marie Roth, professor in the School of Sociology, will explore legal cases and birth trends that illustrate the implications of fetus-centered and woman-centered approaches to pregnancy for evidence-based care during pregnancy, miscarriage and birth. She will argue that an emphasis on fetal personhood has the effect of negating personhood for fertile women.
Nov. 1: The Power of Stories: Talking about Gender and Sexuality in Schools
Carol Brochin, associate professor in the College of Education, will discuss the power of stories in transforming classrooms and communities. Drawing from theory and research, Brochin argues that we need schools that are not just inclusive for LGBTQ+ students but are sites of critical transformation where everyone can experience joy in learning about each other and their communities.
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Downtown Lecture Series, now in 10th year, will focus on sexualities - University of Arizona News
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Scent of Wind Review: A Simple Tale of Kindness From Iran Echoes the Countrys Masters – Yahoo Entertainment
Posted: at 12:33 pm
The Japanese may have invented the haiku, but Iranians perfected its cinematic equivalent: a kind of film that plays almost like a poem short, sweet and disarmingly profound in its simplicity. Jafar Panahi, director of The White Balloon, is the master; Majid Majidi (Children of Heaven) a close second. While this pared-down, less-is-more approach hardly applies to all of Iranian cinema, these seemingly elemental Persian narratives have a way of resonating worldwide. It is this discipline that director Hadi Mohaghegh practices with Scent of Wind, a film whose title alone evokes the great Abbas Kiarostami (A Taste of Cherry), and whose subject could be described with just one word: kindness.
Returning to the Busan Film Festival seven years after earning two major prizes for his previous feature, Immortal, Mohaghegh casts himself as the films main character, Eskandari, an electrician called out to inspect an issue with a transformer bringing power to a remote home practically a ruin, really, with crumbling stone walls and grass growing on its roof. Eskandari doesnt make his entrance until several scenes into the movie. Before that, the film focuses on the man (Mohammad Eghbali) who lives in this ramshackle home, where he tends to a bedridden boy. The mans legs are lame, folded beneath him, and walking is a labored process that requires dragging each foot forward a step at a time with his hands.
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Contacting the electricity company is a feat unto itself, which entails traveling a kilometer or more just to borrow a phone. But then, this mans work is arduous it consists of retrieving from a steep rock face special plants that can be ground into medicine and sold to his neighbors and yet, he does the job without complaint. If this sounds miserable, think again. Told in the neorealist tradition, where nonprofessional actors are naturalistically observed in real environments, Scent of Wind is a film about kindness, and that tendency, however rare in the wider world, informs every interaction.
Story continues
There are no villains here, only decent people, willing to help one another in ways that surprise and inspire. The disabled man pulls himself to the nearest home, and there he finds an elderly couple sitting silently on stones. The movie strikes a patient, Zen-like pace. In this scene, for instance, the old man and his wife sit on opposite sides of the frame; his hands tremble as he tries to thread a needle. The disabled man appears between them in the distance, crawling toward them. He asks to borrow a mobile phone, but they have none, and so he turns to leave. It will be a long walk to reach the next person. Now the old man has a request: Could he help thread the needle? Without hesitation, the visitor agrees, and the scene continues for several more minutes until the task is complete.
It is the same when Eskandari appears. He is professional (this alone seems like some kind of miracle to anyone whos dealt with utility workers in countries around the world), and hes empathetic to boot. Few words are exchanged between Eskandari and the disabled man, and yet, the former makes repairing the transformer as important and personal a mission as crossing Middle-earth to Mordor was for the hobbits in The Lord of the Rings. The setbacks are many. He needs a special insulator to restore the power, and that means driving to a nearby town. His pickup stalls while traversing a stream, and he spins his tires in vain for a time, then walks for miles to find someone with a tractor who can pull the auto free.
After all that, it turns out Eskandari misunderstood the dispatcher, and he had the wrong town. But he cant turn down the blind man he meets there another rural character who typically manages alone, but is grateful for others generosity when it comes and agrees to drive him to a date down the road, stopping to collect a bouquet of flowers along the way. Gestures like this might seem minor compared with whatever plots youre accustomed to watching, but rest assured, they will linger in your mind far longer. On its face, kindness may not seem inherently dramatic. Conflict, after all, is what fuels the vast majority of world cinema. And yet, theres adversity here too. Eskandaris car breaks down, and a man passing by on a donkey lends a hand without hesitation. At one point, Eskandari must cross a raging river to reach the part he needs, and we watch as hes nearly swept away by the current.
When the job cannot be done in a single day, he rents a generator with what might be his own funds. And touched by the situation he sees in the customers home where the bedridden boy lies almost directly on the floor he takes it upon himself to buy a special mattress. Name another narrative in which people behave like this, by instinct, with nothing to gain from it themselves.
At the Busan Film Festival, where the movie premiered, the catalog states, In a world that seems devoid of goodness, Scent of Wind is a film that reaffirms our faith in humanity. To be clear: The world is not devoid of goodness, but its rare enough to witness on screen that the film uplifts and inspires in a way that never feels false or manipulative, even in those few instances when Mohammad Darabifars score kicks in. The region, identified as Cham-e Ali Mardaan, supplies beauty to every frame via landscapes that look like matte paintings. Iran is not alone in giving the world such films (Scent of Wind also occasionally recalls the Macedonian documentary Honeyland), but its encouraging to see the tradition of Panahi, Majidi and Kiarostami alive and well at a time when the country itself is facing such hardship.
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Proxy voting rises when Congress usually flies in and out of town, analysis finds – Oil City Derrick
Posted: at 12:33 pm
WASHINGTON A line of idling cars quietly rumbled near the House steps last Friday, ready to whisk lawmakers back to the campaign trail and away from Washington until after the midterm elections.
And some of them left sooner than others, even as the chamber worked to finish some key business, like avoiding a government shutdown and compensating families of 9/11 victims. Nearly 75 members cast their final vote of the day by proxy.
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Proxy voting rises when Congress usually flies in and out of town, analysis finds - Oil City Derrick
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Keith Simpson reviews ‘Boris Johnson: The Rise and Fall of a Troublemaker at Number 10’ – PoliticsHome
Posted: at 12:33 pm
3 min read05 October
Well-written, with a discerning eye for detail, Andrew Gimsons biography sets out to understand the electoral appeal of a man so frequently dismissed as a charlatan and a clown
Andrew Gimson is a political journalist and author with considerable knowledge and expertise about British politics. An amused observer of politicians and ministers, his original life of Boris Johnson first appeared in 2006 and has been revised and updated on numerous occasions. This volume looking at Johnson as prime minister is not a traditional biography, but rather a series of vignettes that could be mistaken for columns appearing in the national press.
Gimson set out to discover how a man dismissed as a liar, charlatan and tasteless joke was able, despite being written off more frequently than any other British politician of the 21st century, to become prime minister. Gimson has a thorough knowledge of British political history and a discerning eye for the foibles of leading politicians. He writes well and tries to analyse the conflicting interpretations of Johnsons life, and although prepared to give him the benefit of the doubt this is no hagiography.
Gimson repeats known facts of Johnsons life, including his early ambitions and a complete failure to be bound by the constraints in private and public life that others are forced to observe. As Gimson writes, he has tried to work out what kind of person Johnson is, and what kind of a country would dream of making him its prime minister.
Johnson is a great campaigner, a dissembler, at times a huckster who promotes firewater as real medicine
As Gimson shows, everything about Johnson should have prevented his rise to power, including a rackety private life, an ability to exaggerate and tell lies, and a failure to develop an overarching political philosophy apart from optimism and what became known as cakeism. As Gimson concludes: Johnson is in many ways an 18th century figure, at ease with sex and money and rudeness. He has successfully, despite being an Old Etonian, cast himself as an anti-establishment figure, who exudes positive thinking and a robust love of life, which goes some way to explaining his electoral successes.
Johnson has exemplified in todays politics a variation of the old saying to read Tory men and Labour measures. Johnson is a comedian, with a brilliant instinct for power who yearns for immortal fame. Gimson sees him as Benjamin Disraelis heir, and there are comparisons with Lord Palmerston, and, your reviewer would say, David Lloyd George but without his multiple political achievements.
Johnson is a great campaigner, a dissembler, at times a huckster who promotes firewater as real medicine. In a series of short chapters, Gimson reminds us of the successes and all too frequent failures of the Johnsonian premiership. Johnson hadnt got the temperament or the attention to detail required, and had a transitory relationship with his MPs. I have not forgotten Johnsons rambling appearance as foreign secretary in front of the Intelligence and Security Committee. The never-ending failures and gaffes finally persuaded his MPs and many ministers that he had to go.
Johnson left office with no real public display of regret but rather a sense of defiance, and with his ardent supporters spinning the line that he had been stabbed in the back Erich Ludendorff revisited. Like Lloyd George, one suspects he believes he will be recalled to No 10 and for Conservative MPs fearful or hopeful of that prospect Andrew Gimsons book is a useful aide-memoire to this subversive troublemaker.
Keith Simpson is a former Conservative MP for Broadland and Mid Norfolk
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Keith Simpson reviews 'Boris Johnson: The Rise and Fall of a Troublemaker at Number 10' - PoliticsHome
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Disney+ Releases Official Trailer for the Original Series Limitless with Chris Hemsworth from National Geographic – Yahoo Finance
Posted: at 12:33 pm
All Six Episodes of the Series, Where the Global Movie Star Explores How We All Can Live Better for Longer, Begin Streaming on Nov. 16
The Series Hails from Academy Award-Nominated Filmmaker Darren Aronofsky and Protozoa Pictures, Jane Roots Nutopia, and Chris Hemsworth and Ben Graysons Wild State
Trailer Here: https://youtu.be/SJPnK_NgHVI
BURBANK, Calif., October 06, 2022--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Today, Disney+ revealed the official trailer for the original series "Limitless with Chris Hemsworth" from National Geographic. In the six-part documentary series, global movie star Chris Hemsworth ("Extraction," "Thor," "The Avengers") takes viewers on a rollercoaster personal journey as he explores how to combat aging and discover the full potential of the human body. Building on the latest scientific research, "Limitless" shatters conventional wisdom about maximizing life. All episodes of the series premiere Nov. 16, exclusively on Disney+.
From Academy Award-nominated filmmaker Darren Aronofsky ("The Whale," "Black Swan") and his production company Protozoa, Jane Roots Nutopia, and Chris Hemsworth and Ben Graysons newly formed Wild State, "Limitless" puts cutting-edge science of human longevity center-stage. Part global scientific adventure, part personal journey, each episode of the series follows Chris as he takes up a gauntlet of physical and mental feats designed by world-class experts, scientists and doctors to unlock different aspects of the aging process. Each meticulously crafted challenge is rooted in game-changing science, drawing on new research and long-held traditions. Chris mission is to understand the limits of the human body better and discover ways we can all extend health and happiness into old age.
Keeping himself in peak physical condition and best known for portraying an immortal superhero, Chris has always taken care of his health and fitness. But, now in his late 30s, he wants to find out how to harness the potential of his mind and body to stay sharper, stronger and healthier for longer not only for himself and his children but for his childrens children too. Each challenge pushes Chris further than he has ever gone before. Through the series, viewers will learn techniques they can use to improve their health and enhance their own lives.
Story continues
Years in the making and with his friends and family alongside, including wife Elsa Pataky and brothers Luke Hemsworth and Liam Hemsworth, Chris entered into "Limitless," determined to explore his emotional and cognitive health in addition to challenging his physical limits. Open-minded and honest, he worked tirelessly to enhance his mental resilience and face up to some of the toughest realities life holds for all of us. Its an experience that is deep, authentic and humbling for Chris. In addition to his daring and emotional challenges, "Limitless" also shares fascinating stories from around the world of people who have woven the lessons of longevity into their own lives, with surprising benefits we can all reap.
Chris didnt want to just talk about the scientific theories that might extend and improve his life; he wanted to test them for real and he wanted to go big! Every epic challenge is spectacular and unique. They include swimming 800 feet across a 36-degree Arctic fjord, climbing a 100-foot rope dangling over a canyon, and walking along a crane atop a 900-foot-tall skyscraper, 80 stories high.
Each challenge requires an authentic training and immersion program from Chris alongside world-class experts. Some, like the rope climb over a canyon, needed months of preparation. Others, like Chris four-day long water-only fast, were (thankfully!) much shorter, but it was so tough he almost walked away from it all. The enlisted experts and scientists who guided Chris through six fundamental aspects of living better for longer include:
Ross Edgley, an extreme athlete and sports science author, prepares Chris body to handle a swim in nearly freezing waters;
Dr. Peter Attia, a longevity physician at Attia Medical, teaches Chris the science of aging and how to combat it through different techniques;
Professor Modupe Akinola, an associate professor of management at Columbia Business School, gives Chris the tools to deal with his stress head-on;
Dr. Sharon Sha, a doctor and clinical associate professor and associate vice chair of clinical research neurology and neurological sciences for Stanford Center for Memory Disorders, helps Chris combat his minds aging process;
Dr. BJ Miller, president and counselor at Mettle Health, guides Chris on a journey through old age and mortality;
Alua Arthur, death doula and founder of Going with Grace, gets Chris to open up about his own death; and
Tanya Streeter, a professional freediver, coaches Chris on his underwater breath-holding capacity.
The six episodes streaming on Nov. 16 include the following:
Stress-Proof: Ever since his teenage years, stress has been part of Chris life, and he wants to learn how to deal with it better. Psychologist Modupe Akinola challenges him to stay calm during a terrifying walk along a crane thats projecting out from the roof of a skyscraper. Modupe will train Chris in powerful physical and psychological techniques we can use to control the stress in our lives and combat the risk it poses to long-term health.
Shock: To maximize longevity, you might think its best to play it safe and stay cozy. But some scientists believe we should do the opposite, as exposure to extreme temperatures can trigger our bodies own defenses against the killer diseases of old age. Chris heads for the freezing Arctic with his brothers Liam and Luke to take on the ultimate cold therapy.
Fasting: Chris turns to longevity doctor Peter Attia to find out how changing his eating habits can help his quest for longevity. Ironically, the answer is to eat no food at all for four long days. If he can bear the hunger, fasting will unlock his bodys own anti-aging powers and give Chris the edge he needs when he tries to hunt for his next meal by spearfishing off the Great Barrier Reef.
Strength: As Chris bulks up for "Thor: Love and Thunder," he needs to build a body that looks right for an immortal god. But, he also wants the kind of muscles that are scientifically proven to help him stay strong and healthy as he grows older in real life. Teaming up with extreme sports guru Ross Edgley, he trains for a grueling 100-foot rope climb challenge, changing him from an ornament into an instrument.
Memory: Chris has always worked to keep his body healthy; now its time to start looking after his brain. Neurologist Dr. Sharon Sha challenges him to go off-grid into the wilderness without a GPS or map. Teaming up with his buddy, First Nations artist Otis Hope Carey, Chris will need to tune into nature to navigate through Otis remote ancestral homeland. The hike stirs up Chris most precious memories.
Acceptance: So far, Chris has done everything possible to delay the aging process. Now hes facing his most extreme and emotional challenge: three days in a retirement village while wearing an aging suit that turns the simplest activity into a Herculean task. Hes testing the theory that the best way to combat aging and fear of mortality might not be to fight it but accept it.
"Limitless with Chris Hemsworth" is produced by Protozoa, Nutopia and Wild State for National Geographic. Chris Hemsworth and Ben Grayson are executive producers for Wild State. Darren Aronofsky and Ari Handel are executive producers for Protozoa. For Nutopia, Jane Root, Arif Nurmohamed and Ruth Shurman are executive producers. Bengt Anderson and Matt Renner are executive producers for National Geographic.
For more information on the series, please visit: https://dmedmedia.disney.com/disney-plus/limitless-with-chris-hemsworth
Twitter: @DisneyPlus | @chrishemsworth Instagram: @DisneyPlus | @chrishemsworth Facebook: @DisneyPlus | @chrishemsworth TikTok: @DisneyPlus #LimitlessWithChrisHemsworth
About Disney+ (Global)
Disney+ is the dedicated streaming home for movies and shows from Disney, Pixar, Marvel, Star Wars, and National Geographic, along with The Simpsons and much more. In select international markets, it also includes the general entertainment content brand, Star. The flagship direct-to-consumer streaming service from The Walt Disney Company, Disney+ is part of the Disney Media & Entertainment Distribution segment. The service offers an ever-growing collection of exclusive originals, including feature-length films, documentaries, live-action and animated series, and short-form content. With unprecedented access to Disneys long history of incredible film and television entertainment, Disney+ is also the exclusive streaming home for the newest releases from The Walt Disney Studios. Disney+ is available as a standalone streaming service, as part of the Disney Bundle in the U.S. that gives subscribers access to Disney+, Hulu, and ESPN+, or as part of Combo+ in Latin America with Star+, the standalone general entertainment and sports streaming service in the region. For more, visit disneyplus.com, or find the Disney+ app on most mobile and connected TV devices.
About National Geographic Partners
National Geographic Partners LLC (NGP), a joint venture between The Walt Disney Company and the National Geographic Society, is committed to bringing the world premium science, adventure and exploration content across an unrivaled portfolio of media assets. NGP combines the global National Geographic television channels (National Geographic Channel, Nat Geo WILD, Nat Geo MUNDO, Nat Geo PEOPLE) with National Geographics media and consumer-oriented assets, including National Geographic magazines; National Geographic studios; related digital and social media platforms; books; maps; childrens media; and ancillary activities that include travel, global experiences and events, archival sales, licensing and e-commerce businesses. Furthering knowledge and understanding of our world has been the core purpose of National Geographic for 134 years, and now we are committed to going deeper, pushing boundaries, going further for our consumers and reaching millions of people around the world in 172 countries and 43 languages every month as we do it. NGP returns 27 percent of our proceeds to the nonprofit National Geographic Society to fund work in the areas of science, exploration, conservation and education. For more information, visit natgeotv.com or nationalgeographic.com, or find us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, LinkedIn and Pinterest.
About Protozoa Pictures
Protozoa Pictures, based in Chinatown NYC, is headed by Darren Aronofsky and his partner, Ari Handel. Their past film credits include Aronofskys , REQUIEM FOR A DREAM, THE FOUNTAIN, THE WRESTLER, BLACK SWAN, NOAH, mother! and THE WHALE; as well as Pablo Larrains JACKIE, Yann Demanges WHITE BOY RICK, Lance Oppenheims documentary SOME KIND OF HEAVEN, Josef Kobuta Wladykas CATCH THE FAIR ONE, and Alex Pritzs recent documentary THE TERRITORY. Their upcoming films include Tobias Lindholms THE GOOD NURSE and Jack Begerts LITTLE DEATH. Their recent TV credits include ONE STRANGE ROCK and WELCOME TO EARTH for Nat Geo, and BLACK GOLD for Paramount+. Upcoming will be LIMITLESS and SENTIENT for Nat Geo, and KINDRED for FX.
About Nutopia
Nutopia is known for creating award-winning, factual series on a global scale, and a new genre of television, the "mega-doc," which combines epic cinematography with action-driven drama or high-end documentary and A-list talent. Nutopias critical successes include the award-winning series "One Strange Rock" for National Geographic, "The Last Czars" for Netflix, "Extra Life: A Short History of Living Longer" for PBS, "A World of Calm" for HBO Max, "Babies" for Netflix, "The World According to Jeff Goldblum" and "Welcome to the Earth" with Will Smith for Disney+. Upcoming projects include "African Queens" with Jada Pinkett Smith for Netflix and a new six-episode series with Jos Andrs for Discovery Plus.
View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20221006005799/en/
Contacts
Media Disney+ Alexis GreenbergAlexis.Greenberg@disney.com
National Geographic Jennifer DriscollJennifer.Driscoll@natgeo.com
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