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Psoriasis vs. Eczema | Types | Causes | Symptoms | Diagnosis | Treatment | Complications | Prevention

Eczema does not refer to a single health condition. Its an umbrella term for a number of closely related skin diseases, all of which cause a cluster of skin issues. Up to 30 percent of the United States population has some form of eczema, and its typical symptoms include red, itchy, swollen patches of skin on the hands, cheeks, feet, or on the insides of the knees or elbows. Regardless of its underlying cause, eczema isnt contagious, and its symptoms tend to come and go.

While a handful of health conditions cause eczema, the most common trigger is atopic dermatitisa chronic inflammatory disease that tends to show up during childhood (and usually before age 2). Many people use the terms eczema and atopic dermatitis interchangeably. But in the same way that not all headaches are migraines, not all eczema cases are atopic dermatitis. Allergies, stress, and contact with substancesincluding water or chemicalscan trigger eczema flare-ups even in those without atopic dermatitis.

Eczema is slightly more common among women than men, and African Americans tend to experience higher rates of eczema than other populations. Eczema has grown more common during the past two decades, though experts arent sure exactly why thats happening.

It's easy to mix up plaque psoriasis and eczemathey're both frustrating conditions that cause itchy, red skin. To an untrained eye, they may look similar, but there are some key differences:

While all forms of eczema are associated with skin symptoms, there are several different types of eczema. These types are defined by their presentation (how and where they show up) and by their underlying causes or triggers.

Atopic dermatitis

The most common type of eczema, atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory skin disease related to improper immune system activity and problems with the skins outermost layers. Inflammation promotes a breakdown in the skins protective barriers, which leads to dryness and other symptoms. Atopic dermatitis tends to show up during childhood, and often presents as red, itchy rashes on a persons cheeks, or on the insides of her knees or elbows. While the condition may subside before adulthood, it can stick around throughout a persons lifetime. Between 7 and 10 percent of adults have atopic dermatitis.

Contact dermatitis

As its name implies, this type of eczema is caused by skin contact with either an allergen or an irritant. Allergens could include certain metals like nickel, and in these cases symptoms emerge within 24 hours. Irritants include chemicals, acids, or even water, and symptoms can flare almost immediately. (If the hands become red and itchy after washing dishes or otherwise being wet, this is a form of irritant contact eczema.)

Dyshidrotic eczema

This type of eczema shows up as small fluid-filled blisters on the palms or soles of the feet. These blisters can itch and burn, and may leak clear fluid. The causes of dyshidrotic eczema arent known, but it often shows up in patients with atopic dermatitis or allergies.

Neurodermatitis

While its underlying causes arent known, this form of eczema is caused by chronic rubbing or scratching. That irritation causes the skin to thicken, and can lead to the formation of scaly red patches on the head, lower legs, wrists, or arms.

Seborrheic dermatitis

This form of eczema may be related to a type of yeast irritant in the oils of the skin that causes an immune system reaction. It tends to show up as dandruff, or flaky red patches of skin on the scalp or face.

Stasis dermatitis

This type usually shows up as thick, red, inflamed and itchy skin on the shins or legs. Its often caused by blood-flow problems, and it may show up more commonly in people with varicose veins.

In many cases, the exact causes or triggers of eczema arent well understood. But eczema sometimes results from a specific gene mutation that causes a lack of protective proteins in the outer layer of a persons skin. This genetic component helps explain why eczema runs in families.

Environmental factors, especially early in life, also seem to play a part. Its possible that kids with underlying genetic vulnerabilities develop eczema if theyre exposed at a young age to specific allergens, irritants or chemicals. Research has shown that breastfed babies are less likely to develop eczema, while a fast-food diet or lots of time spent indoors seem to increase a childs risk. Experts are still teasing apart how all these factors may contribute to a persons risks for eczema.

Eczema symptoms can appear anywhere on the skinfrom the scalp to the bottom of the feet. But the symptoms below usually show up on an adult's hands, the insides of the elbows or knees, and the back of the neck. In infants and kids, all those same hot spots are still a problem, though eczema often also shows up in a childs cheeks, arms, legs, and torso.

Those symptoms include:

There are no lab tests for eczema. Dermatologists and physicians diagnose the condition based on a physical exam and a discussion with the patient about his symptoms.

If a patient comes in with red, scaling skin on his face and scalp, a doctor may determine after close inspection that the patient has seborrheic dermatitis. Or, if the patient is an infant or toddler with rashes on her cheeks, arms and legs, a doctor may diagnose her with atopic dermatitis.

During the doctor-patient discussion, a doctor is likely to ask if scratching the itchy skin feels goodeven if it also makes the skin irritation worse. If the patient answers yes, thats a telltale sign that he has eczema. (While other skin conditions are itchy, scratching them tends to be painfulnot enjoyable.)

A doctor may also ask a patient if she has been stressed, if she has any known allergies, if shes taking any medications, or if shes been exposed to any metals or chemicals. Each of these factors could help a doctor determine if eczema (or something else) is to blame for a patients skin issues. A doctor may also ask how long symptoms have been occurring, whether those symptoms ebb and flow, and what (if anything) seems to make them worse or better.

If a doctor believes a patients eczema is being triggered by an allergy, she may order skin-prick tests to confirm that an allergy is indeed part of the problem. But that has less to do with diagnosing eczema than in identifying its potential triggers. (A patient can be diagnosed with eczema even if its cause is never identified.)

The best eczema treatment for you depends on symptoms and how severe they are. That said, several remedies are commonplace, including over the counter ointments, sprays, and lotions, prescription creams, doctor-administered drugs, phototherapy, relaxation therapy, and biofeedback.

A doctor may prescribe a topical anti-inflammatory cream or geloften a steroid like cortisone, in either prescription or OTC strengthto reduce redness, swelling, itching and irritation.

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CeraVe Hydrocortisone Anti-Itch Cream

Once a flare-up has settled down, eczema patients are instructed to moisturize regularlymultiple times a day, if possiblein order to keep their skins protective barrier intact and to avoid another flare-up. In many cases, over-the-counter moisturizing products are fine, although doctors typically recommend products without heavy fragrance or tint. (Look for products containing words like sensitive skin or hypoallergenic.) Moisturizes that contain ceramidesone of the natural fats found in the skinoften work well for eczema patients.

Eucerin Eczema Relief Flare-Up Treatment

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While topical treatments are sufficient for some patients, others may need next-level medications. These could include an injectable drug called dupilumab, which helps switch off some immune system signaling pathways that promote eczema. Topical immunomodulators (TIMS) are another class of drug that can help calm down the skins immune activity and have been shown to help some eczema patients.

Exposure to UV light rays can help suppress some overactive immune cells in the skin, and so can prevent flare-ups.

For some patients, anxiety or mindless skin-scratching can fuel eczema. Counseling or therapy can help these patients manage their stress and unhelpful personal habits, which can prevent new symptom break-outs.

The most common and crippling complication of eczema may be the social embarrassment and insecurity that can accompany symptoms. Especially for adolescents and young adults, living with eczema can be mortifying.

There are other serious complications:

There is no cure for eczema, and there are no well-established ways for a person to protect herself from developing the condition in the first place. But there's good news: when it comes to preventing eczema from flaring, there are several well-established safeguards, and all they require are some relatively simple lifestyle changes.

Take short, lukewarm showers and baths

Long, hot showers or baths irritate and draw water from the skin, and so promote flare-ups. Gently patting the skin dry after bathing (as opposed to wiping it harshly) can also help.

As skin dries, moisture is naturally wicked away. To prevent over-drying, always moisturize after bathing, swimming, or getting skin wet.

Fragrance-free soaps made for people with sensitive skin can help prevent dry skin and eczema flares.

Wearing gloves to do dishes or chores can keep the skin away from contact with harsh chemicals, soaps, or other irritants that can trigger a symptom outbreak. Washing clothing in detergents designed for people with sensitive skin is also a good idea.

Staying well-hydrated can help prevent dry skin. Aim for eight glasses a day.

New duds often come coated with chemicals that can irritate the skin. Wash them before wearing. Loose cotton clothing is also less likely to irritate skin than tight, synthetic garments.

Stress is a known eczema trigger. Meditation, yoga, and exercise are all proven stress-fighters. Counseling can also help individuals develop effective stress-reduction techniques.

Aaron Drucker, MD, assistant professor in the Department of Medicine at the University of Toronto and Adam Friedman, MD, associate professor of dermatology at George Washington University contributed to this report.

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Eczema Causes, Symptoms, & Treatments - How to Get Rid of Eczema

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Ive had eczema since I was a kid, which means my skin has never not been dry, scaly, and red, even in the summertime. Im always itchy, too; right now, I can pinpoint about three different places on my body that Id love to scratch.

Unfortunately, there is no cure for eczema. And although steroids do help, when youve used them for as long as I have Im going on three decades now they can wreak havoc on your skin, adding extra wrinkles and discoloration and thinning out the top layers. (My hands look more tattered and aged than the rest of my body, and Im pretty sure its because, over time, Ive applied the strongest steroids there.)

Thankfully, however, Ive found creams that, with diligent use, help prevent my eczema from getting to the point where I actually need steroids. They keep my skin smooth, moisturized, and free of that pesky itch. Below are the best eczema creams Ive ever used.

Its been said that eczema is the itch that rashes first you itch, then you scratch, and the next thing you know, youve got a red, weepy rash. This CeraVe lotion is the only product that has ever stopped my itching cold. I just slather a generous layer on the itchy spot and truly, within seconds, I no longer want to claw at my flesh. It is hands down the best product I could recommend to you for eczema. Buy this ASAP.

Oh my God,this product. For a year, I had a stubbornpatch of eczema on my cheek that refused to go away, no matter what creams I put on it. Steroids would make itdisappear, but only temporarily, because days after I stopped the steroid the spot would come back even angrier. I begrudgingly resigned myself to the cycle of steroids and suffering. But after justonedayof using the Avne Cicalfate Restorative Skin Cream, the redness, dryness, and overall irritation in the area was significantly reduced. After a few days, the spot wasgone.

Doves DermaSeries line is relatively new, but the lotion is an instant classic its seriously incredible. I lather it all over my body at night after I shower, and I never feel gross and sticky when I put my pajamas on afterward. Its light enough that it absorbs into my skin quickly, but heavy enough that it restores my moisture barrier better than any over-the-counter product Ive ever used. With regular application, my skin remains smooth and supple.

This body lotion is my go-to. Its light but heavy, and it dries down in a way that makes me feel moisturized but not greasy. I like this one just as much as I like Dove DermaSeries theyre interchangeable for me. You cant go wrong with either. Ive also seen people use thecream versionof this product on their face, though Ive yet to try that myself.

Doves lotion is amazing, but if you like a thicker, heavier moisturizer, try this Eucerin product. Its sticky, so youll definitely feel it on your skin when you finish applying it, but you will also get really great results. I especially like lathering it on my legs at night and waking up feeling like a Nair ad.

Full disclosure: This lotion is not for me. I think the consistency is too watery, and even when it absorbed into my skin, I never felt like it was actually doing anything. But tons of people love it, including a friend who swears if she goes more than three days without using it, all her eczema symptoms come back. Its also worth noting that it has an average of 4.1 out of 5 stars on Amazon.

I use this on my lips and on areas of my skin that are extra dry and irritated and are probably one night of scratching away from requiring topical steroids. And it really does help. Even though it has the same petroleum-jellylike consistency as Vaseline, its not as greasy and it wont just sit on top of your eczema; it will actually absorb into your skin, soothing the redness and slowing down the itchy feeling.

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Best Eczema Creams 2020 the Best Products for Eczema

The appearance of eczema can vary from mild forms, when skin looks dry and flaky, to severe forms, when skin can be extremely irritated and red. The most severe forms of eczema can make your skin crack and ooze. Even if your skin does not look dry, flaky, or red, it needs consistent care and protection.

Its important to remember that eczema happens in cycles at times, your skin may feel okay. Other times, it will feel itchy, and scratching leads to red, rashy, and/or leathery skin. Eczema tends to flare up when youre exposed to triggers, which are substances or conditions that aggravate your eczema. These can include irritants, rough fabrics such as wool, emotional stress, heat and sweating. When youre experiencing a flare, youre more likely to scratch, which can aggravate already irritated skin and make the condition worse. NEOSPORIN ESSENTIALS Products are for people with mild to moderate eczema.

Eczema most frequently appears on the face, arms, and legs, but it can show up in other areas, too.

Since there are varying levels of severity within eczema, it may be hard to know if you just have dry skin, or if you have eczema. Normal dry skin is usually a temporary problem, and does not tend to be very itchy or inflamed. If your dry skin turns into an itchy rash that appears frequently, it could be eczema. You may want to see a physician to confirm whether or not you have eczema, or to find out how severe your eczema is. NEOSPORIN ESSENTIALS Products are for people with mild to moderate eczema.

With the proper management and product solutions, you can begin living your life with fewer interruptions from eczema.

In babies and children, eczema is seen in differing severity and different places on the body depending on age. Head, face and/or feet are more common areas for flares in babies and young children than adults.

Read more:
Eczema Symptoms & Signs | NEOSPORIN

What is the treatment for atopic dermatitis vs. eczema?

If the disease does not respond to mild local over-the-counter treatment then a physician is required. With proper treatment, most symptoms can be brought under control within three weeks.

Topical corticosteroid creams and ointments are the most frequently used treatment. Since many of these are quite potent it will be necessary to have frequent physician visits to assure that the treatment is successful.

Tacrolimus (Protopic) and pimecrolimus (Elidel) are non-steroid topical ointments that contain molecules that inhibit a substance called calcineurin which is important in inflammation. They rather expensive topical medicated creams that are used for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. They are particularly effective in when used on the faces of children since they seem less likely to produce atrophy. These new drugs are referred to as "immune modulators."

Crisaborole (Eucrisa), a recently approved topical treatment for children and adults with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis (AD) which seems to work by inhibiting a different portion of the inflammatory cascade in skin.

Dupilumab (Duxipent) was recently approved by the FDA for treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in adults. It is an anti-IL-4 antibody that is given by injection twice a month and shows great promise in the control of severe atopic dermatitis.

A newer class of OTC (over the counter) creams have been recently developed which claim to repair and improve the skin's barrier function in both children and adults. They include Atopiclair, MimyX, and CeraVe. These creams may be used in combination with topical steroids and other emollients to help repair the overall dryness and broken skin function.

Additional available treatments may help to reduce specific symptoms of the disease.

Oral antibiotics to treat staphylococcal skin infections can be helpful in the face of pyoderma.

Certain antihistamines that cause drowsiness can reduce nighttime scratching and allow more restful sleep when taken at bedtime. This effect can be particularly helpful for patients whose nighttime scratching aggravates the disease.

If viral or fungal infections are present, the doctor may also prescribe medications to treat those infections.

Phototherapy is treatment with light that uses ultraviolet A or B light waves or a combination of both. This treatment can be an effective treatment for mild to moderate dermatitis in older children (over 12 years old) and adults. Photochemotherapy, a combination of ultraviolet light therapy and a drug called psoralen, can also be used in cases that are resistant to phototherapy alone. Possible long-term side effects of this treatment include premature skin aging and skin cancer. If the doctor thinks that phototherapy may be useful in treating the symptoms of atopic dermatitis, he or she will use the minimum exposure necessary and monitor the skin carefully.

When other treatments are not effective, the doctor may prescribe systemic corticosteroids, drugs that are taken by mouth or injected into muscle instead of being applied directly to the skin. An example of a commonly prescribed corticosteroid is prednisone. Typically, these medications are used only in resistant cases and are only given for short periods of time. The side effects of systemic corticosteroids can include skin damage, thinned or weakened bones, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, infections, and cataracts. It can be dangerous to suddenly stop taking corticosteroids, so it is very important that the doctor and patient work together in changing the corticosteroid dose.

In adults, immunosuppressive drugs, such as cyclosporine, are also used to treat severe cases of atopic dermatitis that have failed to respond to any other forms of therapy. Immunosuppressive drugs restrain the overactive immune system by blocking the production of some immune cells and curbing the action of others.

The side effects of cyclosporine can include high blood pressure, nausea, vomiting, kidney problems, headaches, tingling or numbness, and a possible increased risk of cancer and infections.

There is also a risk of relapse after the drug is discontinued. Because of their toxic side effects, systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs are used only in severe cases and then for as short a period of time as possible.

Patients requiring systemic corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs should be referred to a dermatologist or an allergist specializing in the care of atopic dermatitis to help identify trigger factors and alternative therapies.

In extremely rare cases, when no other treatments have been successful, the patient may have to be hospitalized. A five- to seven-day hospital stay allows intensive skin care treatment and reduces the patient's exposure to irritants, allergens, and the stresses of day-to-day life. Under these conditions, the symptoms usually clear quickly if environmental factors play a role or if the patient is not able to carry out an adequate skin care program at home.

Each type of eczema requires a specific sort of therapy. The easiest eczemas to cure permanently are those caused by fungi and scabies. Allergic contact eczema can be cured if a specific allergenic substance can be identified and avoided.

The treatment of acute eczema where there is significant weeping and oozing requires repeated cycles of application of dilute solutions of vinegar or tap water often in the form of a compress followed by evaporation. This is most often conveniently performed by placing the affected body part in front of a fan after the compress. Once the acute weeping has diminished, then topical steroid (such as triamcinolone cream) applications can be an effective treatment. In extensive disease, systemic steroids may need to be utilized either orally or by an injection (shot).

Mild eczema may respond to compresses composed of tepid water followed by room air evaporation. Chronic eczema can be improved by applying water followed by an emollient (moisturizing cream or lotion). Mild eczema can be effectively treated with nonprescription 1% hydrocortisone cream.

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Atopic Dermatitis vs. Eczema: Cause & Treatment for Dry Skin ...

While baby eczema is the result of immune-system dysfunction, likely from a genetic predisposition, studies have found a number of risk factors.

For example, a study published inFebruary 2018 in theInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Healthsuggested that children have a higher risk of developing eczema if their mothers experienced high-stress situations during pregnancy. (4)

In a study published in May 2018 in theJournal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, researchers in the United Kingdom analyzed the sociodemographic characteristics of about 675,000 children in a primary-care database. They found that the children were more likely to be diagnosed with eczema if they fit one of the following descriptions:

Another study, published in May 2018 in theJournal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, looked at how the outdoor environment specifically air pollutants and meteorological conditions affected eczema risk in children of both sexes. The researchers concluded that high levels of carbon monoxide, ammonia, formaldehyde, lead, particulate matter, and ozone levels may all influence the development of infantile eczema. (6)

Other studies, though, have had contradictory findings. For example, one study of American children published in August 2016 in the journalPediatric Allergy and Immunologysuggested that a hot and sunny climate combined with high particulate matter and ozone levels actually appears to protect against eczema. (7)

A small Australia-based study, published in March 2019 in theJournal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, found an association between ultraviolet (UV) sunlight exposure in early infancy and lower incidence of eczema by 6 months of age.(8)

The scientists, though, caution against intentionally exposing babies to direct sunlight until researchers better understand this complicated issue.(9)

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Baby or Infant Eczema: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment | Everyday ...

What Is the Treatment for a Fungal Skin Infection vs. Eczema?

A wide array of treatment options are available to treat candidiasis. Options include creams, lotions, ointments, tablets or capsules, troches (lozenges), and creams. Talk to a doctor to find the option that is right for you.

Medications used to treat yeast infections generally fall into two main categories.

Avoid scratching the affected area. Medical treatment includes prescription anti-inflammatory medications, and steroid creams. Antibiotics may have to be prescribed to clear the affected irritation. Anti-itch creams, especially those containing hydrocortisone, may be helpful, but many experts recommend avoiding topical diphenhydramine and topical anesthetics because of concern of becoming sensitized and developing a secondary allergic contact dermatitis in reaction to these medications. Anti-itch creams containing pramoxine and menthol may be safer in this regard.

Removing exacerbating factors is a good place to start when managing eczema at home. This may be as simple as changing the laundry detergent to one that is fragrance free or as difficult as moving to a new climate or changing jobs.

Long baths in soapy water or long hot showers may worsen eczema. On the other hand, soaking in warm, non-soapy water followed immediately by moisturizers to "seal in the moisture" is helpful. Prevent dry skin by taking short lukewarm showers or baths. Use a mild soap or body cleanser. Short contact of the skin with a shampoo is generally not a problem, but prolonged contact may worsen the rash on the neck and face. Prior to drying off, apply an effective emollient to wet skin. Emollients are substances that inhibit the evaporation of water. Generally, they are available in jars and have a "stiff" consistency. They do not flow and ought to leave a shine with a slightly greasy feel on the skin. Most good emollients contain petroleum jelly although certain solid vegetable shortenings do a more than creditable job. The thicker, the better, although patient preference is usually toward thinner lotions because of ease of application and avoidance of a greasy feel. Oatmeal baths (Aveeno and others) may be soothing to itchy, fissured skin although best outcomes will still result from applying moisturizers after rinsing off.

A patient with longstanding eczema may become sensitized to the products they are putting on the skin and develop allergic contact dermatitis that may be identical in clinical appearance. Skin allergy may develop to over-the-counter (OTC) products such as topical anesthetics, topical diphenhydramine (Benadryl), lanolin (an ingredient in Eucerin and other common moisturizers), coconut oil, and tea tree oil or even prescription medications such as topical steroid creams.

Avoid wearing tight-fitting, rough, or scratchy clothing.

Avoid scratching the rash. If it's not possible to stop scratching, cover the area with a dressing. Wear gloves at night to minimize skin damage from scratching.

Anything that causes sweating can irritate the rash. Avoid strenuous exercise during a flare.

An anti-inflammatory topical cream may be necessary to control a flare of atopic dermatitis.

The topical form may sensitize people and cause allergic contact dermatitis.

Avoid physical and mental stress. Eating right, light activity, and adequate sleep will help someone stay healthy, which can help prevent flares.

A variety of home remedies such as apple cider vinegar and tea tree oil are frequently touted as cures for eczema, but there is little or no scientific basis for these claims. Bleach baths, on the other hand, may help. The goal of bleach baths is to suppress colonization by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with the resulting flare that may cause. Several formulas exist, but a cup of bleach for a full bathtub full of water (or cup for a half bath) is a good balance between getting the desired effect and generating an irritant dermatitis. A summer substitution for bleach baths would be regular use of overchlorinated community swimming pools.Do not expect a quick response. Atopic dermatitis is controllable but consistency in application of treatment products is necessary.

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Fungal Skin Infection vs. Eczema: Differences

The chilly season brings along a lot of troubles for our skin, and can even lead to eczema flares ups. One of the major reasons it worsens during the winter season is because the skin cant keep itself moisturised. Moreover, wearing too many layers of clothes along with the use of heaters can cause the skin to turn red and itchy, said Dr Aakriti Mehra, dermatologist, cosmetologist, and trichologist at Skingenius, Colaba.

Below, she explains the skin condition, its triggers, and also shares how one can treat the same. Read on to know more.

What is Eczema?

Eczema (dermatitis) is a rash that can appear anywhere on the body. It appears as inflamed, itchy, red, and very dry, explains Dr Mehra. This happens to be the most common type is atopic dermatitis, which is usually a lifelong condition present since childhood. It is more commonly found in individuals who have a family history of atopy. Moreover, it is seen most commonly in skin flexures and can be triggered by multiple internal or external factors, adds the dermatologist.

What are the causes?

The most common cause of atopic eczema is dry skin. People who suffer from this condition lack the ability to pull moisture into the upper layers of the skin and therefore various triggers can irritate the skin, in turn, exacerbating the condition, says Dr Mehra.

These triggers range from environmental factors such as dust, pollen, perfumes, or even food allergies such as nuts, vegetables, and even from seafood. However, stress happens to be a prominent reason along with sweating.

What are the signs and symptoms?

The major signs, as mentioned above, include dry, red, and itchy skin. However, it can also be associated with excessive sebum production, but according to Dr Mehra, the chances are rare.

How can it be treated?

The condition occurs because of a gene variation, and therefore there isnt any cure available. However, it can be managed symptomatically with topical and oral medication as well as a few lifestyle modifications, says the dermatologist. Other than that, one should ensure their skin is thoroughly moisturised, and avoid the triggers as much as possible. Here are other ways to avoid flaring up of the skincare issue.

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Winter skincare: How to spot eczema and treat it - The Indian Express

A person may notice red dots on their skin for a number of reasons, ranging from allergic reactions to heat exposure.

Many causes of red dots on the skin are harmless and resolve on their own. Others may require at-home or over-the-counter (OTC) treatment.

In this article, we discuss some of the possible causes of red dots on the skin, their treatment options, and when to contact a doctor.

Skin rashes come in a variety of sizes, colors, and textures.

Not all rashes require emergency medical treatment. However, people should seek immediate medical attention if they have a rash and notice any of the following symptoms:

People should also seek immediate attention for any new rashes that are painful and that affect the eyes, inside of the mouth, or genitalia.

When in doubt, a person should seek the opinion of a primary care provider or board-certified dermatologist.

Heat rash, or miliaria, occurs when the sweat glands become blocked, trapping sweat in the deep layers of the skin.

While anyone can have heat rash, this condition is most common among infants and young children with immature sweat glands.

Symptoms of heat rash include:

Heat rash usually goes away within 24 hours.

Treatment typically involves using lotions to soothe the itching, irritation, and swelling.

People can also keep the skin cool and avoid tight-fitting clothing.

Learn more about the treatment options for heat rash here.

Keratosis pilaris (KP) is a common skin condition that causes tiny red, white, or flesh-colored bumps on the skin.

It most often affects the outer parts of the upper arms. It can also affect the forearms and upper back, but this is less common.

Symptoms of KP include:

People can treat the symptoms of KP with:

Learn more about home management for KP here.

Contact dermatitis occurs when a person comes into contact with a substance that irritates their skin or triggers an allergic reaction.

Contact dermatitis symptoms vary depending on the trigger and the severity of the reaction.

Symptoms of contact dermatitis include:

Learn more about contact dermatitis here.

Treatment for contact dermatitis depends on the cause and severity of a persons symptoms.

Mild to moderate symptoms improve when a person avoids contact with the irritant or allergen. If possible, people should:

If the dermatitis is limited to a small area, a person can apply 1% hydrocortisone cream.

A doctor can prescribe stronger topical or oral antihistamines for people who do not respond to OTC medication.

Atopic dermatitis, also known as eczema, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition.

There are many different types of eczema, including:

Alongside red bumps on the skin, eczema can cause:

People can manage atopic dermatitis symptoms and even prevent flare-ups with the following treatments:

For severe atopic dermatitis that does not respond to the above treatment options, a person should see a board-certified dermatologist.

Taking bleach baths, which require using half a cup of bleach per 40-gallon tub, 12 times per week may also help.

Learn more about the treatment options for eczema here.

Rosacea is a skin condition that causes skin irritation, redness, and small pimples.

Although anyone can develop rosacea at any point in their lives, this condition most often occurs among adults aged 3060 years, people with fair skin, and those going through menopause.

Symptoms of rosacea include:

People can treat rosacea with various strategies and medication. Some strategies that can help relieve rosacea include:

People should also avoid caffeinated products and spicy foods, as these can also trigger rosacea.

Medical treatments for rosacea include:

Learn more about the treatment options for rosacea here.

Certain infections can also lead to red dots on the skin.

If a person suspects an infection of the skin, they should consult a doctor.

Examples of these include:

The varicella-zoster virus causes these infections, which produce red, itchy, fluid-filled blisters that can appear anywhere on the body.

Chickenpox usually occurs in infants and young children. However, adolescents and adults can also develop chickenpox.

Shingles occurs in adults who have already had chickenpox. According to the National Institute on Aging, shingles usually affects one area on one side of the body.

This contagious viral infection causes a distinctive rash of small red or pink dots.

The rash usually starts on the face before spreading to the trunk, arms, and legs. Rubella infections also cause a fever, a headache, and swollen lymph nodes.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) note that rubella is a relatively rare infection in the United States due to the widespread use of the MMR vaccine. The vaccine is available for infants and children aged between 9 months and 6 years.

Meningitis is a medical emergency. It is the inflammation of the membranes that cover the spinal cord and brain. It typically occurs due to a bacterial or viral infection.

Symptoms of meningitis include:

A rash does not always appear. However, if it does, a person might notice small pink, red, brown, or purple pinpricks on the skin. Also, it will not fade when a person rolls a glass over it.

The CDC define Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as a type of bacteria that is resistant to several antibiotics.

MRSA often infects the skin, leading to painful areas of inflamed skin. People may also experience pus drainage from the affected skin and fever.

Other bacterial infections of the skin may also cause painful and inflamed areas of the skin. If a person suspects that they are experiencing a skin infection, they should consult a doctor.

Streptococcus bacteria cause this infection.

These bacteria naturally inhabit the nose and throat. They cause a red rash on the neck, under the armpit, and on the groin. The rash consists of small red dots that are rough to the touch.

If a person suspects an infection of the skin, they should always consult a doctor.

People should also speak with a doctor if their rash does not improve despite using OTC or at-home treatments.

People should also seek medical attention if they have a skin rash accompanied by the following symptoms:

If a person suspects a skin infection, they should contact a healthcare professional before trying any home remedies.

To relieve and manage skin rashes, people can try the following home treatments:

There are several possible causes for red dots on the skin, including heat rash, KP, contact dermatitis, and atopic dermatitis.

Red dots on the skin may also occur due to more serious conditions, such as a viral or bacterial infection.

If people suspect that they have a skin infection, they should contact a doctor rather than use home remedies.

People can treat some skin rashes and their accompanying symptoms with home remedies and OTC treatments. These include avoiding the source of irritation and using OTC anti-itch ointments.

People can contact a doctor or dermatologist if their symptoms persist despite using at-home or OTC treatments. A doctor or dermatologist can diagnose the underlying cause and make appropriate treatment recommendations.

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Red dots on skin: Pictures, causes, treatment, and when to seek help - Medical News Today

The only thing more persistent than dry skin in the winter is those 15-second insurance company ads at the beginning of YouTube videos you're not allowed to skip. You can try to avoid them (or it, if we're talking about dry skin) but they will undoubtedly pop up again.

While you might come to expect parched, flakey skin in winter, dryness on your eyelids is a different story. It's the kind of skin-care dilemma that makes you say to yourself in the bathroom mirror "Seriously?" as you assess the damage. Dry eyelid skin can be itchy and uncomfortable, can make achieving a smooth makeup application nearly impossible, and is hard to treat due to its less-than-ideal location. (Is it even safe to put a normal face moisturizer on your eyelids?!)

We're sharing how to heal dry patches on your eyelids and determine if it's just a regular case of the winter blues or due to a chronic condition like eczema.

Genetics, environmental factors, beauty products, and lifestyle factors can all contribute to dry skin on your eyelids flakey skin on your eyelids can be triggered by a number of things, just as dryness anywhere else on your body.

"Often in the winter, it is eyelid eczema or just common dry skin," Angela J. Lamb, MD, associate professor of dermatology at Mount Sinai, told POPSUGAR. "Often eczema is more chronic and doesn't respond as well to thicker moisturizers. Some of the most common symptoms of eczema include red and inflamed skin, an itchy rash, [and] dark-colored patches." If you're unsure, the best way to determine whether you have eczema or just regular dry skin is to see a dermatologist.

Dry skin on your eyelids is such a common issue, even those who usually have an oily or normal skin type can experience it. This is because the skin around your eyes is the thinnest on your entire body. "The eyelids are particularly vulnerable to the harsh weather conditions," said Dr. Lamb. "Particularly, the skin around this area is thin, so it's difficult to protect from the different elements."

So, what's the best way to treat it and what products can you put on eyelids? Dr. Lamb recommends applying cortisone (something you probably already have tucked away in your medicine cabinet) several times throughout the day for extreme cases and eczema. "Using a plain moisturizer [that's] fragrance-free, suitable for sensitive skin, and paraben-free is definitely something that you should opt for," she said. It also doesn't hurt to look for additional ways to add moisture into your routine, like by incorporating a hyaluronic acid serum and switching your cleanser out for a hydrating formula in the winter or whenever you're experiencing dryness. Try: La Roche-Posay Toleriane Ultra Eye Cream ($25), Aveeno Maximum Strength 1% Hydrocortisone Anti-Itch Cream ($10), or CeraVe Moisturizing Cream ($19).

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Dry Skin on Your Eyelids? Here's How to Heal It With a Product You Already Have at Home - POPSUGAR

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I know, I know you might be sick of hearing about skin-care oils. After all, there are approximately 10 billion of them (maybe I'm exaggerating, but you get the picture). That said, of all of the many oils you may have seen or heard of, there's one that flies somewhat under the radar, yet deserves some time in the spotlight. I'm talking about sea buckthorn oil, an oil that's truly unique among its counterparts, thanks to a laundry list of skin benefits.

Sea buckthorn oil is extracted from the berries, leaves, and seeds of the sea buckthorn plant, a small shrub that grows in the Himalayan region, explains board-certified dermatologist Corey L. Hartman, M.D., founder of Skin Wellness Dermatology in Birmingham, AL. "It's rich in many vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants and is referred to as a super fruit of skin care," he says. And because sea buckthorn oil can be either applied topically or ingested, it also has a litany of health benefits, including lowering blood pressure and reduced risk of heart disease and cancer, points out dermatologist Purvisha Patel, M.D., founder of Visha Skincare.

But back to the skin-care side of things. The oil is one of the only ones to contain all four types of omega fatty acids omega-3, omega-6, omega-7, and omega-9, notes Dr. Patel. "This makes it a good oil to help repair the skin barrier in inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis and eczema," she adds. It also makes it deeply hydrating, a choice pick for anyone dealing with extremely dehydrated skin. (Related: The Best Eczema Cream, According to Dermatologists)

That being said, pretty much anyone can benefit from incorporating sea buckthorn oil into their skin-care regimen; the vitamin, mineral, and antioxidant profile makes it ideal for improving the overall health (and appearance) of the skin, says Annie Gonzalez, M.D., a board-certified dermatologist at Riverchase Dermatology in Miami, FL. Those antioxidants, in particular, neutralize skin-damaging free radicals, reducing the signs of aging, she adds. The oil is packed with tons of them, but is especially high in vitamin C and vitamin E. In fact, the sea buckthorn plant berries contain ten times more vitamin C than an orange, and are the third highest source of vitamin E in the plant world, points out Dr. Hartman.

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So, what's the best way to work sea buckthorn oil into your routine? You can look for the oil in its purest form, in which case you should use it after or in lieu of a moisturizer. The point of a facial oil is to seal in moisture, and if you apply it before a water-based lotion or cream, the benefits of that moisturizer won't make it inside the oil layer, explains David Petrillo, cosmetic chemist and founder of Perfect Image. If you can't find pure sea buckthorn oil, you can most often spot it in lightweight serums, where it's combined with other hydrating ingredients, such as jojoba oil or hyaluronic acid, he notes. (Psst, serums can and should be applied under a moisturizer.) You also may want to save it for morning use. "Depending on which part of the plant it's extracted from, the oil can have a reddish, orange, or yellow color that can stain white bedding," cautions Dr. Patel. (It shouldn't have any tinting effect on your skin.)

Now for the million dollar question what if you have acne-prone skin? These experts point out that sea buckthorn oil isn't pore-clogging in and of itself; it's safe for all skin types, adds Dr. Gonzalez. That being said, it is sometimes used in thicker creams or lotions that can be problematic for those with oily or acne-prone skin. In that case, seek it out in a product that's labeled as non-comedogenic (translation: won't clog pores) if you do want to try it. (Related: The Best Drugstore Acne Products, According to Dermatologists)

Ready to get on board the sea buckthorn oil train? Ahead, eight products worth trying.

Both Dr. Patel and Petrillo recommend this completely pure, unadulterated version of the oil. "A little goes a long way," says Dr. Patel, who advises using just one drop for your full face after cleansing. Petrillo points out that, because this contains just the oil and nothing else, it's also a nice option to mix in with another oil or oil-based serum that you may like using to reap the benefits of both ingredients. Bonus points for the affordable price.

Buy It: The Ordinary 100% Organic Virgin Sea Buckthorn Fruit Oil, $15, skinstore.com

Sea buckthorn is one of several antioxidant-rich oils that come together in this protective and hydrating face oil that's great for any and all skin types. It's a top choice for Dr. Patel, who also lauds it for the dark, glass packaging and dropper dispenser that help prevent light and air from breaking down the oils and making them rancid. (And now you may be wondering if you need to store your products a certain way or if you need to invest in a skin-care fridge.)

Buy It: Grown Alchemist Antioxidant Facial Oil, $55, credobeauty.com

"This is an affordable option for all skin types. A hybrid between a facial oil and a serum, it nourishes the skin with sea buckthorn oil, camellia oil, and sodium hyaluronate," says Dr. Gonzalez of one of her picks. She adds that it's great for hydrating and helping strengthen the skin barrier, while also tamping down redness. (Credit the anti-inflammatory effects of the sea buckthorn oil.) Top tip: It's a dual-phase (or bi-phase) product, meaning the ingredients have distinct densities which make them separate and sit in layers. Give it a good shake to help combine the oil and serum before each use.

Buy It: Versed Sunday Morning Antioxidant Oil-Serum, $20, revolve.com

Hesitant to try oils on your face? Consider using them on the skin below your chin. Sea buckthorn oil is the star of the show here, combined in a sesame oil base to effectively hydrate even the driest spots on your body (think: ashy knees and cracked heels and elbows). It absorbs quickly without leaving behind any greasy residue, but does impart a gorgeous glow to the skin. With over 5,000 five-star ratings on Amazon, shoppers mentioned that it also seems to help reduce the appearance of cellulite on their butt and thighs.

Buy It: Weleda Hydrating Body and Beauty Oil, $24, was $26, amazon.com

Sea buckthorn oil has some anti-aging benefits on its own, but this oil is an especially great youth-booster. It combines sea buckthorn oil with rosehip oil, rich in anti-aging vitamin A, and bakuchiol, a plant-based alternative to retinol, says Petrillo. Nordstrom customers with sensitive skin say they love how it seriously hydrates sans irritation, while others raved about the oil's ability to plump skin and reduce fine lines.

Buy It: Omorovicza Miracle Facial Oil, $125, skinstore.com and nordstrom.com

For those dealing with extra-dry skin, adding hydration at every step in your skin-care routine is paramount, starting with cleansing. Enter this newbie, a supremely moisturizing cleanser that combines, you guessed it, sea buckthorn oil with soothing chamomile. The result? A formula that effectively removes all dirt and makeup, yet still leaves skin feeling lusciously soft and smooth. (Related: The 9 Best Pore Cleansers That Actually Remove Dirt, Oil, and Build-Up)

Buy It: 100% Pure Calendula Flower Cleansing Milk, $28, 100percentpure.com

This is another product that earns both Petrillo and Dr. Patel's seal of approval. They both appreciate the fact that there's sea buckthorn oil and soothing buckwheat honey in the mix, a nice option for calming irritated skin. It's also great if you're prone to breakouts, since it's not only lightweight and fast-absorbing, but also non-comedogenic, they say. One Amazon reviewer said they mix two drops of this facial oil with their moisturizer as opposed to applying it directly to their face and it makes their skin incredibly soft.

Buy It: Farmacy Honey Grail Ultra-Hydrating Facial Oil, $48, amazon.com

Can't get enough oils in your skin-care routine? This splurge-worthy option packs a ton of different ones, all with complimentary benefits, into one bottle. Along with all those benefits of sea buckthorn oil, there are plenty of other antioxidant-rich and skin-strengthening oils in the formula, such as tsubaki and pomegranate seed oils to name a few. There's also squalane, an oil-like substance that mimics the sebum naturally found in your skin, which contributes to the silky and fast-absorbing texture.

Buy It: Mutha Face Oil, $110, violetgrey.com

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What Is Sea Buckthorn Oil and Should You Add It to Your Skin-Care Routine? - Yahoo Lifestyle