Category Archives: Moon Colonization

Colonialism Reparation calls for Palestine to be granted the status of UN member State and on Israel, along with the United States of America, the United Kingdom and the other colonial powers of the time, to apologize and pay reparations to Palestine for the current and past colonization.

International recognition of Palestinegrew further in recent months, aswe predicted a couple of years ago, despite the lack of approval by the United Nations Security Council on December 30, 2014 ofresolution S/2014/916in order to terminate Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories by 2017 along the borders established in 1967.

On October 13, 2014 theParliament of the United Kingdomasks its Government to recognize the State of Palestine, on October 30, 2014 theGovernment of Swedenrecognizes the State of Palestine, on November 18, 2014 theParliament of Spainasks its government to recognize the State of Palestine, followed on December 2, 2014 by theParliament of France, on December 10, 2014 by theParliament of Irelandand on December 12, 2014 by theParliament of Portugaland finally on December 17, 2014 theEuropean Parliamentsupports in principle the recognition of the Palestinian State.

On December 19, 2014 the United Nations General Assembly approves theresolution 69/241that reaffirms the permanent sovereignty of the Palestinian people in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and of the Arab population in the occupied Syrian Golan over their natural resources and on January 2, 2015 Palestine is recognized as amember State of the International Criminal Court.

The current situation result of colonial mentality, aswe said a few months ago, can be solved only through reparations.

Colonialism Reparation calls for Palestine to be granted the status of UN member State and on Israel, along with the United States of America, the United Kingdom and the other colonial powers of the time, to apologize and pay reparations to Palestine for the current and past colonization so allowing a fast resumption of the Palestinian territories from decades of abuses.

ENDS

Scoop Media

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Calls for Palestine to be granted the status of UN member

The Apollo astronaut posts an impish photo with the message "Get your a** to Mars!"

Buzz Aldrin has a message for humanity: "Get your a** to Mars!" And he picked one of humanity's oldest astronomical monuments as the stage upon which to deliver it.

Aldrin, the second man to set foot on the Moon, posted a photo on his Facebook page this week showing himself standing in front of Stonehenge and pulling open his coat to reveal a T-shirt bearing his plea.

"While at Stonehenge yesterday I decided to send a message to the cosmos," he wote.

Aldrin has been a vocal proponent of launching a crewed mission to Mars. In 2013, he took to the radio airwaves to scold U.S. political leaders for dragging their feet on such an endeavor.

In one interview, Aldrin told 106.7 The Fan hosts Danny Rouhier and Holden Kushner that he'd taken it upon himself to try to convince NASA and the U.S. government to take the lead in settling Mars.

The Apollo 11 astronaut, who with Neil Armstrong spent nearly a day on the surface of the Moon in July 1969, cited the Netherlands-based non-profit Mars One foundation during that interview. In May 2013, Mars One kicked off its global search for prospective Mars colonists, recruiting adventurous souls to join a proposed four-person crew which would embark upon a one-way trip to Mars in about a decade to establish a base.

Mars One has since narrowed down its list of candidates to 100, but the non-profit has also taken some hits of late. One Mars One finalist, Dr. Joseph Roche of Ireland, this week alleged that the project is essentially a money-making scam with no hope of even mounting a voyage to Mars. Earlier this year, a group of MIT students published a paper expressing extreme skepticism about the project, opining that even if Mars One could send colonists to the Red Planet, they would likely perish in short order.

Of course, there are other, more practical Mars projects in the works. Dennis Tito has proposed a crewed flyby of the planet as early as 2018, while Space X boss Elon Musk has also expressed enthusiasm for a colonization effort.

Meanwhile, NASA Administrator Charles Bolden has remained adamant about building towards a crewed mission to Mars in the 2030. The space agency has already begun flight testing the long-haul Orion spacecraft that would carry astronauts to the planet, as well as ramping up tests of the enormous Space Launch System (SLS) rocket that will lift Orion into space.

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Buzz Aldrin Hulks Out Over Mars at Stonehenge

Hacktivist collective Anonymous is mostly famous for launching attacks on the Church of Scientology, ISIS, world governments, child pornography websites and, er, Kanye West. But its latest mission is to unite humanity and get us working together to go into space and colonize new worlds. No, seriously.

I suspect someone at Anonymous may have enjoyed Christopher Nolans Interstellar a little too much.

A new video sets out the goal, and its impressively lofty. Heres the idea:

Greetings citizens of the world,

There's been a lot in the news lately; From threats of war, to future space endeavors. Two very different ends of the spectrum with vastly different consequences for humanity. While politicians bicker over power plays by opposing nations here on Earth, we continue to face many threats from beyond this world.

The unfortunate truth is that while our generation may survive the next 100 years... it's only a matter of time till humanity as a whole faces catastrophe on a global scale. We occupy one tiny world, around a single star out of billions, in a single galaxy out of trillions in the observable universe. That alone shows how fragile our species really is.

Thus we come to a realization, and an inevitability; Earth cannot remain our only home forever. Some of the voyagers we set forth to the farthest reaches of the galaxy will lose contact with us, and we'll never hear from them again in our life time. Nevertheless, our legacy will live on through them as they colonize new worlds across the stars...

While we can ensure the survival of humanity through migration & colonization, we can also help ensure the survival of Earth through unification. As we unite to explore other worlds, we'll in turn find ourselves securing our own. Earth will always be our homeworld, and as such it will always hold a special place in our hearts. While we don't know what the future might hold, we do know one thing for certain; it will be much brighter with humanity united.

If we continue on our current course, our mutual destruction is ensured; so some may ask why we continue to have wars and fight amongst ourselves? Humans are influenced by their cultures and many other factors growing up. From what their parents believed, to what school and religion teaches them. With that in mind, it's no wonder with over 270 religions, 196 countries, and with modern society being derived from thousands of different cultures... that people tend to bump heads on worldly views.

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Anonymous wants humanity to go into outer space and 'explore other worlds'

Mars One is pressing ahread with selecting crews for its initial missions, even though many technical and other uncertainties remain. (credit: Mars One)

The Mars One Project is the brainchild of Dutch entrepreneur Bas Lansdorp. The proposition is seemingly a simple one: select a team of four volunteers to establish a permanently colony on Mars with a launch date of 2024. Given that this will be, according to Lansdorp the media event of the century, the $6-billion venture will be funded in part by a reality TV show and subsequent media sponsorship.

Undoubtedly, Mars One has captured the zeitgeist with disproportionately optimistic media coverage heralding the selection of a group of hopeful colonists. Yet, significant criticisms and troubling questions encircle the project. This article will examine those questions and criticisms and provide a sobering evaluation of some of the technical, legal and ethical challenges facing Mars One. This article is not intended to be an exhaustive examination of all the technical, ethical, legal, and political issues facing this venture. Rather it is intended to be a prcis of some of the issues that need to be addressed by the Mars One Project if it to meet its deadline and its goals.

At the outset, there are two important and interlinked caveats that preface this discussion. First, it should be noted many of the problems facing the Mars One project are not sui generis to this endeavor. Any crewed mission to Mars will face them. The issue is not that such problems are insurmountable; merely that Mars One does not have the capacity or the budget for the research and development necessary to overcome them. Second, and perhaps crucially, this is not an attack on the people involved in the project. There is much to admire in the pioneering spirit and genuine enthusiasm held by those involved. This discussion is not seeking to discredit or diminish their bold vision. It is the project itself that is under scrutiny, a project that poses significant risk to these participants.

Although the ethical and legal challenges facing Mars One are considerable, this venture will ultimately rise or fall on the technical and engineering elements. The stated aim of Mars One, according to their website, is to use existing technologies available from proven suppliers.1 This statement provides the first crucial difficulty. At each crucial phase of the missiontravel to Mars, landing, and establishing a permanent colonythe claim that of utilizing existing technology is unsustainable.

For example, at present the only existing operational human spaceflight vehicle is the Russian Soyuz capsule. Mars One states that the existing technology that will be used to traverse millions of kilometers from the Earth to Mars will instead be a variant of SpaceXs Dragon capsule. To call the considerable research and development that this would require as existing technology is, at best, grossly oversimplifying the issue.

The Mars One project also provides no detail in respect of the development of reliable and effective life support systems and the problematic subject of dealing with human waste disposal. These are issues that will ultimately need to be solved for a successful mission to Mars, and there is significant research and development activity ongoing in this area.2 Such technology is, however, by no means existing without a significant amount of investment in research and development.

The picture is very much the same when considering the critical issue of landing the Mars One colonists on the Martian surface. Considered one of the most problematic aspects of human exploration, it is this aspect of the Mars One project where the notion of using existing technology is exposed as being dangerously misleading. The existing technology that has landed rovers on Mars is inadequate for landing humans.3 The Martian atmosphere poses considerable and serious challenges for landing a heavy payload onto the surface. The atmosphere varies considerably, making it extremely difficult to scale up existing technology used to land small rovers. Supersonic retropropulsion, which at present seems the most promising method of overcoming the obstacles posed by the variable Martian atmosphere, still requires expensive research and development.4 Again, this is not a problem unique to the Mars One project. It is, however, a fundamental obstacle to a 2023 mission with a projected budget of $6 billion.

Assuming, however, that the Mars One crew successfully makes it to the Martian surface, one aspect of space technology that remains untested, and makes the Mars One project fundamentally different from any previous space activity, is the technology required for the permanent settlement of Mars. Much has been made of in situ resource utilization (ISRU) technologies that will enable the colonists to live off the land. The much-publicized MIT feasibility study of Mars One casts significant doubt on the readiness of this technology, none of which has been deployed in practice.5 When challenged on this, the Mars One team responded by maintaining that the MIT study was based on ISS operations and therefore the study does not provide a valid comparison.6

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Failure to launch: the technical, ethical, and legal case against Mars One

NASA Moon Colonization
Comm 111 6 minute video. Colon.

By: Leila Artuz

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NASA Moon Colonization - Video

NASA scientists announced theyve found evidence that Ganymede, the largest moon in the solar system, has a vast subsurface liquid ocean that contains more water than the Earths surface. Ganymede is already unique in other ways its larger than the planet Mercury (but less than half Mercurys mass), twice the mass of our own moon, and the only satellite known to have its own magnetosphere. Like Europa, Ganymede may have an incredibly thin atmosphere of oxygen. The discovery of a liquid ocean on Ganymede increases the chances that life exists or has existed within its depths.

This discovery marks a significant milestone, highlighting what only Hubble can accomplish, said John Grunsfeld, associate administrator of NASAs Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters, Washington. In its 25 years in orbit, Hubble has made many scientific discoveries in our own solar system. A deep ocean under the icy crust of Ganymede opens up further exciting possibilities for life beyond Earth.

Ganymedes magnetic field is the reason Hubble was able to peer across the void and detect the presence of subsurface water. Just as Earth has the northern and southern lights (Aurora Borealis and Aurora Australis), Ganymede has its own auroral belts, as shown below:

Water is whats known as dimagnetic, meaning it generates a weak magnetic field in opposition to whatever magnetic field is applied to it. The aurora around Ganymede are expected to rock back and forth in response to Jupiters magnetic field (Ganymedes self-generated magnetic field is embedded in Jupiters as shown below):

What the scientists found is that the rocking motion across the surface was much reduced compared to what theyd expect to see if there was no water underneath the surface of the moon. Current thinking is that the ocean is an estimated 60 miles deep, but buried 95 miles beneath the icy crust.

Weve known for decades that Ganymede contained significant amounts of water ice, but the presence of liquid oceans was less certain. At 95 miles below the surface, the oceans could run quite hot. For reference, the average temperature on the surface at the Kola Superdeep Borehole in July is just 52F / 11C, while the temperature at the bottom of the shaft, 49,000 feet below the surface, was 356F / 180C. At more than 10x the depth, Ganymedes hypothetical ocean would be insulated from the cold vacuum of space and warmed by the moons active core.

Ganymede isnt the only water-related news this week. NASA has also detected hot springs and hydrothermal vents operating beneath the icy crust, within subsurface oceans. Its long been known that Enceladus had significant water reserves, the moon periodically emits particle blasts and weve detected cryovolcanoes volcanos that emit frozen compounds rather than magma actively on the surface.

Finding hydrothermal vents, however, is still a first since Earth was previously the only planet known to have them. Its not clear if Enceladus core is active or if proximity to Saturn and its orbital resonance with other moons keeps it warm via tidal heating, but either way, its another example of how we continue to learn about the planets and moons within the solar system. Recent years have proven that water essential to human life and and to any future colonization efforts is far more common within the solar system than was previously believed.

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NASA detects subsurface ocean on solar systems largest moon

Cocoa Beach, FL (PRWEB) March 13, 2015

If Moon Express, Astrobotic, Masten, Part-Time Scientists and Interorbital Systems have any say about it, we will see their Lunar Landers on the Moon by the end of next year. These five major players in the newest race for space will be presenting at LSA 5, making this the premier event for Lunar Landers in 2015. Moon Express, Astrobotic, Part Time Scientists and Interorbital Systems (with Synergy Moon) are also serious contenders for the Google Lunar XPrize, which will award 30 million dollars to the first privately funded team to send a robot lander to the Moon, travel 500 meters, and transmit videos and data back to the Earth.

LSA 5 will includes presentations on lunar surface science and in situ resource utilization, both key concerns in the future exploration and colonization of space. Other Lunar Surface presentation topics include: Surface Measurements, Lander Leg Applications, Finding and Utilizing Resources, Communications and Software, and Lunar Landing Sites and Missions.

Astronaut Cady Coleman will be participating at LSA5 as both a keynote speaker and guest panelist on the Yuris Night Discussion panel scheduled for the evening of April 15. This panel discussion is entitled "Isolated and Dangerous:Analogue Research for Human Space Exploration" and will include not only Cady Coleman, but also representatives from the HI-SEAS, Desert Rats, NEEMO, and Aquarius Reef Project research teams.

Friday, April 17th is focused on Entrepreneurship in New Space and the how-tos to not only survive but thrive in todays commercial space industry.

Get involved in the newest race for space. If youre interested in Lunar Surface Applications and their implications in space exploration, this is the workshop to attend. Participate in person or via the Internet. Register now at http://www.lsaworkshops.com or call 888-874-0560. Early bird registration ends March 16, 2015.

ABOUT LSA 5: The Lunar Surface Applications Workshops is one of three space-related workshops sponsored by Flexure Engineering and the Select Investor each year. Other workshops in the series include Scientific Opportunities in Cislunar Space and LunarCubes. For information about any of these events please contact Faith Urban at 888-874-0560 or info(at)lsaworkshops(dot)com.

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To The Moon at the 5th International Workshop on Lunar Surface Applications - April 14-17, 2015 in Cocoa Beach, FL

Everything is silent. The surface is cold and dusty and over the horizon Earth and beyond.

Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were able to feel what its actually like to traverse the moons surface, but a group of ISU students is now trying to do the next best thing send their new creation to the moon in their stead.

The ISU Lunabotics Club, led by Garret Schieber, senior in mechanical engineering and president of the Lunabotics Club, is working on a completely automated machine that has the potential of opening a path to a trillion dollar industry via space mining and colonization.

Schiebers team is one of 19 teams slated to compete at NASAs 2015 Robotic Mining Competition.

The clubs results have been on the rise in recent years.

Its been a great ride these last four years, Schieber said. Getting to watch the club grow from a group that had no awards to a group with many, on top of being one of the best in the competition.

When the time comes for these robots to be deployed into space, they will ride the new state of the art Orion spacecraft.

Once in space, they can be taken to the moon or even farther.

On the moon, the robots can begin paving the way for mankind.

Through the use of 3D printing, they will be able to start building shelters that will eventually be covered by lunar soil, which is called regolith.

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Club 'shoots for the moon' by making robot in NASA competition

Neil Mohindra and Anna Lalani had 30 minutes to celebrate Valentine's Day.

The couple, in their early 20s, donned their nicest clothes and perched across from each other in a booth at a local sushi restaurant. After two years of dating, both Mohindra and Lalani knew something bigger was in store for the night: the Cricket World Cup.

At 9 p.m., Mohindra unbuttoned his dress shirt to reveal the blue India jersey he had worn underneath. Lalani pulled on a green Pakistan jersey with a half moon and star emblazoned on the front and a pair of green socks. They were a couple divided, cheering for rival teams during one of the biggest athletic competitions in the world.

"This isn't just a sports game," said Mohindra, a Rush University student from Naperville. "It's political pride. Whoever walks out of that stadium a winner gets to stand a little taller. I was born in India, a country filled with passion for cricket. It gets in your blood."

The Cricket World Cup is one of the most widely watched international sports tournaments in the world. According to the International Cricket Council, more than a billion people were expected to tune in to watch India play Pakistan. In comparison, about 114.4 million people watched Super Bowl XLIX.

"The world loves cricket," said Faizan Seedat, 25, of Glendale Heights. Seedat is a Pakistan fan. "Both countries have a strong pride for their cricket teams. The fact that the game happened on Valentine's Day added more ambience to the love-hate relationship between Pakistanis and Indians."

Cricket is more than a sport for Chicagoans of Pakistani and Indian descent. It's a vital part of identity and a link to home countries and cultures. Mohindra, who grew up in New Delhi, said both countries are paralyzed during big cricket games. Offices and schools shut down, and people cluster around TVs to cheer on their respective teams.

The game in Adelaide, Australia, on Saturday night was the sixth time that India, the defending World Cup champion, defeated Pakistan.

"There's not a soul that doesn't watch an India versus Pakistan game in either country," said Fatir Khan, 22, of Orland Park. Khan grew up in Kirachi, Pakistan, and cheers for that country's team. "We try to imitate that here. I'm doing the exact same things my cousins are doing right now in Pakistan. Even if you don't watch cricket, you know what this game means."

Originally a British game, cricket gained popularity in the Caribbean, Asia, New Zealand and Australia following colonization. The bat-and-ball sport is similar to baseball in that each team of 11 players takes turns batting to score runs while the other team fields. The game is played on a giant oval field with a rectangular pitch in the middle.

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Cricket World Cup links fans to home

AMSTERDAM, Netherlands, Feb. 17 (UPI) -- Dutch interplanetary exploration startup Mars One has further narrowed down the list of potential colonists from over 202,000 to just 100.

"I got one step closer to launching the dawn of a new era, human life on mars," declared Ryan MacDonald as he learned he was still a candidate.

MacDonald was one of three applicants for the Mars one mission thrust into the spotlight by a Guardian profile on three of the second round finalists. Of the three candidates spotlighted before the latest round of cuts, only MacDonald is still a candidate.

"I think the most important thing to do in life is to leave a legacy," the Oxford physics student said at the time.

Other potential colonists include a wide variety of scientists, project managers and even a man who claims to be a a martian.

"If you compare the Mars One mission to the moon landing, I think scientific progress, on a similar scale to what we experienced following that endeavor, is a reasonable expectation, " says 34-year-old Christian Knudsen of Denmark.

"Furthermore, personally, and without any scientific backing, I believe that the increase in living standard these advances allow, will leave more space for individuals to expand the sphere of people they care for and will sacrifice for, beyond themselves, beyond their family and beyond their nationality."

Australian Dianne McGrath, 45, wants to bring her "expertise in sustainable food" to Mars One's colonization attempt as she feels her skill set will be "critical in a completely new environment for human habitation."

And one candidate, 38-year-old Mikolaj Zielinski of Poland, says he is a millennia-old Martian eager to return to his home plane and help the Earthlings traverse Mars' dangerous lands.

"I am one of the first four Martians to arrive on your planet," claims Zielinski, who says his real name is M1-K0.

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Mars One cuts list of potential colonists to 100