Category Archives: Human Longevity

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A recent report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention classified 25.3% of the American adult population as physically inactive.

That doesnt sound great. But what does it mean, exactly? That figure is the result of a multi-year survey conducted by the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System(BRFSS), which called Americans up to ask them a simple question: During the past month, other than your regular job, did you participate in any physical activities or exercises such as running, calisthenics, golf, gardening, or walking for exercise? Those that answered no were classified as inactive.

Across the board, the survey had some fascinating results:

Surveys that rely on self-reporting sometimes struggle to paint an accurate picture; consider that American obesity prevalence stands at 42.4%, well above the mark for inactivity prevalence. Obesity (like BMI) is an imperfect metric, but its fair to say that inactivity prevalence is likely a little higher from state to state than expressed here.

That said, the amount of activity necessary to answer yes to that BRFSS question is pretty light. Theres a widespread misconception that starting an exercise routine means putting in as much time and effort as Marvel movie stars or Instagram influencers. But recent longevity research has confirmed over and over again that you can radically change your biomarkers by putting in the bare minimum.

A walk a day some 10 to 20 minutes spent outside will work wonders for your health. As renowned evolutionary biologist Dr. Daniel Lieberman says, per The Washington Post: The most important message is that something is better than nothing. Just move more. You dont need a Peloton or a personal trainer if you dont want one. You just need some sort of activity that occurs away from a desk chair or couch. Because while the desk chair helps you make money, and the couch helps you relax, neither are a friend to your heart, brain or back.

A recent paper published by Dr. Lieberman and his fellow evolutionary researchers puts the damaging modern lifestyle into perspective. Titled The active grandparent hypothesis, it pushes back against the widely held myth that our ancestors lived shorter, unhealthier lives. Life expectancy, in fact, was hijacked by high infant mortality rates and childhood infections.

Adults of the time were actually less likely to suffer from chronic conditions that we now accept as inevitable (and spend the last 30 years of our lives fighting/pouring money into). Using the modern Hadza people, a Tanzanian hunter-gatherer tribe, as a proxy for ancestral living, the authors concluded that old age evolved in humans along with a highly active lifestyle. In other words, the human race only started living as long as it did because it moved around, constantly.

Early humans hunted animals for food and warmth, foraged berries and honey for sustenance, migrated to and fro in deference to water access and seasonal change. Those who lived through and after the Neolithic Revolution werent exactly sitting in armchairs all day, either. There is evolutionary debate over whether a transition to agriculture ruined the health of the human race, but according to Liebermans paper, all that digging and tilling still qualified as consistent movement, and kept humans fit.

Its once we stopped moving (especially in the last 50 years), and started behaving more like chimpanzees, that chronic conditions reached the mainstream. Weve come to accept that exercise burns calories and catalyzes an important repair and maintenance process in the body, but we cant forget that the absence of exercise isnt neutral its an actively damaging state, which breaks down the body in small yet permanent ways.

If youre someone whod answer no to that BRFSS question and feel overwhelmed by all this chat of chimpanzees and farmers, its best to start small. Get a daily walk in. You have the time. You know you do. From there, identify palatable activities. If it gets your body moving, and doesnt feel like a chore, thats all you can really ask for. From there, as your body starts to reward you, and you develop a taste for your natural setting again, start thinking about taking it to the next level.

Lots of people bemoan the idea of a long life but thats because theyre recalling the last 10, 20 or 30 years a loved one mightve suffered from chronic conditions. If you start now, you can live more years, and crucially, live more healthy years.

Thanks for reading InsideHook. Sign up for our daily newsletter and be in the know.

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What Percentage of American Adults Are Classified as "Inactive"? - InsideHook

The figure skating rivalry between Nathan Chen of the United States and Yuzuru Hanyu of Japan is enduring, but sporadic. Compelling, but infrequent.

Hanyu is the two-time reigning Olympic gold medalist. Chen has won the last three world titles. But they have met in the same individual competition just nine times over six seasons.

And that only makes the rivalry more compelling. Absence makes the heat grow stronger.

Never will it be more intense than next Monday, when Hanyu and Chen begin skating for the mens singles title at the 2022 Winter Olympics.

What happens next week can only embellish Hanyus legacy. By becoming in 2018 the first man to win consecutive Olympic gold medals in singles since Dick Button of the United States in 1952, Hanyu already became a permanent member of a pantheon open to few.

Chen, yet to win an individual Olympic medal, is seeking a career-defining singles gold. Even if he gets it, Chen understands his rivals place in the sports history will remain distinct.

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He is in a completely different status than I am as a skater, Chen told me before this season began. I will always respect that.

Among the most striking reasons for Hanyus status is his longevity at the top. His world championship bronze medal last March was not only his seventh at that competition, including two golds, but it came nine years after his first, also bronze, in 2012. No other man since World War II has won world singles medals over that long a span. Hanyus seven world medals match East German Jan Hoffmans as the most by any man since World War II.

I always say a multigenerational athlete like that, thats like all-universe status, thats difficult to find, Chen said.

Not only that, but Hanyu at 27 is still trying to push the athletic boundaries of the sport in a seemingly obsessive quest to become the first to land a clean quadruple axel, a jump that requires 4 revolutions in the air.

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SEE MORE: Yuzuru Hanyu wins Japan figure skating nationals

As was the case prior to the 2018 Olympics, when Hanyu was single-minded about getting consistency on his quadruple lutz, the axel quest has come with physical risk.

An ankle ligament injury on a failed quad lutz attempt left him out of competition from late November 2017 until the Winter Games the following February. At last years worlds, when Hanyu won the short program impressively but stumbled to fourth in the free skate, he said that frequent practice of the quad axel had overworked my body.

This season, when Hanyu once again is committed to the quad axel, he injured the same ankle and was out of competition until winning the Japanese Championships in late December. He made his first competitive attempt of the jump in the free skate at those nationals but landed on two feet after an under-rotation that downgraded it to a triple axel.

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When I spoke with Chen before the season, I asked if he found it strange that Hanyu appeared more fixated on the quad axel than on trying to win a third Olympic gold medal.

I dont think so, Chen said. Listen, if I was two-time Olympic champion, I wouldnotbe in this sport anymore, you know. I would be long gone.

Chen laughed, and then continued.

If I was in his position, if I could do one quad toe and still try to medal, okay, Im good. The fact he is still trying to push himself to do something no one has ever done before is unreal.

U.S. skater Jason Brown, headed for his second Olympics, trained with Hanyu in Toronto for the two seasons before the pandemic led Hanyu to return to Japan. Brown saw in Hanyu a relentlessness that offers an insight into his mindset about the quad axel.

He comes at everything with, Im going to get it done, no matter what, Brown said. Its almost like hes able to turn a switch and become this genius.

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Ive seen him have the most rough training days and struggle through. Then the Zamboni comes on the ice, and he gets back on and pushes himself five times harder. Theres no giving up, no surrendering. And hes always after more.

Im not surprised at all (about Hanyus quad axel emphasis). He has this unbelievably focused mentality, this determination, this persistence, this, Im getting this done, Im going to solve this puzzle.

For all that, for his being around Hanyu every so often at competitions and then training with him for nearly two years, Brown said he is no different than the rest of the world in puzzling over who Hanyu is when he is not skating.

To everyone, he is a bit of a mystery, Brown said.

SEE MORE: How to watch Figure Skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics on NBC and Peacock

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Hanyu is not only his sports singular current global superstar but also one who inspires nearly religious reverence among his vast number of fans, known broadly as Fanyus, many of whom travel the globe to see him at competitions major and minor. Some of his most passionate supporters act at times like members of a cult, unable to brook even justifiable criticism of their idols performances.

Yet Hanyu has done little to fuel such passions beyond skating brilliantly and exuding an ever-boyish charisma. He has no social media presence. He rarely does interviews other than those during press conferences at competitions.

After nearly eight years working with coach Brian Orser in Toronto, Hanyu has essentially been in seclusion most of the time since spring 2020. He has been training by himself at the rink in Sendai, Japan, he literally fled during the devastating earthquake and tsunami that hit the region in 2011. He has been very active in raising funds for the disaster relief, making donations in excess of $300,000 himself.

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Hanyu also used some of the time freed by pandemic shutdowns to finish his undergraduate thesis in Human Informatics and Cognitive Sciences at Tokyos Waseda University. The thesis is one of the few things Hanyu has revealed about his life outside the rink.

And then there is the Pooh thing. That a Disney character beloved by children has become his mascot and good luck charm adds to the air of innocence that further endears Hanyu to his fans. They have celebrated his skating by dressing in Poohraphernalia and throwing thousands of plush Poohs onto rinks around the world after he performs.

In a survey done by the Sasakawa Sports Foundation in late summer 2020, Hanyu was chosen as Japans most popular athlete, ahead of such global icons as Naomi Osaka and Shohei Ohtani. He also has remarkable worldwide appeal, as evidenced by an English-language fan site dedicated to him, the aptly named Planet Hanyu.

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Hanyu has a long list of sponsors, among them the airline ANA, Citizen watches, and Kos personal care products. Estimates of his recent annual income have been around $13 million.

Chen too is doing well financially, with several major sponsorship deals, including Panasonic, Bridgestone, Toyota and Visa. In 2020, he was included in Forbes 30 under 30 spotlight on the next generation of sports talent, a group that also included pro basketballs Klay Thompson and Breanna Stewart and pro footballs Patrick Mahomes.

NBC has been constantly promoting Chen leading up to the Olympics, with wide exposure during its NFL playoff telecasts and a joint campaign with the upcoming Universal Studios film, Jurassic World: Dominion. Yet even with Olympic gold, Chen may remain a domestic star of what has become a niche sport in the United States, where the best-known figure skaters have always been women.

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View social media post: https://twitter.com/JurassicOutpost/status/1487148870756933638

Hanyus identity as a skater is clear, if still a bit mystical. With a reed-thin, 5-foot, 7-inch body, he blends a sense of fragility, lithe grace and seemingly effortless athleticism into an ethereal whole underpinned by a fierce competitiveness. He was in the vanguard of the quad revolution in mens skating and the first to land a quadruple loop jump in competition. He has done four clean quads in a free skate several times.

His triple axel seems like sleight of foot. While most skaters telegraph its arrival with long glides across the rink, Hanyu makes it appear out of nowhere. Turn, takeoff, boom.

There is little question that Hanyu is thegreatest mens skater at least since Button.Another Olympic medal of any color would make a convincing argument that he is the GOAT, no matter how hard it is to compare across eras.

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Hes one of those athletes where when you step up (to him), youre a little star struckeven now. Chen said after beating Hanyu for the 2021 world title. He has just been around a long time and has been consistently successful. Thats really impressive.

Chens coach, Rafael Arutunian, unashamedly asked Hanyu for his autograph several years ago. Arutunian still has the magazine Hanyu signed.

Yet Hanyu has been unable to beat Chen in their three meetings at individual competitions since the 2018 Olympics, when he lost the free skate decisively to his U.S. rival. Chen has a 5-4 advantage in their nine overall meetings, the first coming at the 2016 NHK Trophy Grand Prix event.

There were quite a few times when I thought that my growth stopped when I was about 24 to 25 years old, and when I couldnt skate my free program well, Hanyusaid in an online press conferenceat Decembers Japanese Championships. But Im probably at my best now. Definitely.

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And anyone who dares count Hanyu out because of injury and time away from both practice and competition would be wise to remember what he did under similar circumstances four years ago.

Hes a man that rises to the occasion, 1988 Olympic champion Brian Boitano said. When you think there is little chance for him, he delivers.

Over the seasons since the 2018 Olympics, Chen has narrowed what once had seemed an unassailable edge for Hanyu in component scores (which broadly reflect artistic quality), and he has a potentially substantial advantage over Hanyu in technical base value. With the short and free program layouts each had at his national championships, Chens aggregate element base value is 13 points higher.

They are now both super well-rounded skaters, Boitano said.

SEE MORE: Nathan Chen finds peace in music, playing guitar

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At the 2019 Grand Prix Final, where Chen won by nearly 44 points with a world record total of 335.30, the second-place Hanyu expressed lighthearted exasperation over how high Chen, five years younger, had raised the technical bar. In that event, Chen did two clean quads in the short program and five in the free while getting positive grades of execution and maximum difficulty levels on all 19 elements in the two programs.

Nathan is really pushing harder and harder, Hanyu said. Why is he making it harder, because Im really older than him?

I really love competing with him. If I alone can get over the 300 (points), I feel like I am lonely and then I cant find the motivation for the skating, so its like here is my motivation. Finally I can feel like competing, and its sport on the ice.

Chen is the only skater to have cleanly done all five types of quadruple jumps that have been landed so far. He was the first to do five clean quadruple jumps in a free skate and the first to get full rotational credit for six in a free skate.

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I wouldnt want to go under four quads in the free, Chen said, in a matter-of-fact statement that he admitted sounded crazy but shows just how far the sports best skaters have pushed the envelope.

It also shows how Hanyu catalyzed Chens desire to master the technical content that has given him a better chance to defeat Hanyu.

He has unintentionally pushed me, Chen said.

I asked if Chen if he would be the skater he is today without Hanyu as a competitor. His answer was unequivocal: Certainly not.

I think Yuzuru completely pushed the sport into a different position, not just how he shaped me as an athlete, how he shaped the sport, Chen said. Everyone is doing bigger and better things because of him. Figure skating is definitely indebted to him for all he has done to progress the sport.

Coming into this season, Chen looked like an odds-on pick for Olympic gold. Yet he has made big errors in two of his three competitions, and a third place at Skate America ended a 14-event win streak that began with his first of three straight world titles in 2018. Chens dominance had reached the point that after Vincent Zhou won Skate America, he said, Obviously I dont expect to win everything Im not Nathan Chen.

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I think Chen is showing signs of being human after all and that Hanyu seems to be getting stronger despite age, wear and tear and lack of competition outings, said Kurt Browning of Canada, a four-time world champion.

Chen came into the 2018 Olympics as a medal contender but imploded in consecutive short programs during the team and individual events, falling twice and not managing a single clean jumping pass among the six he attempted. He finished 17thin the mens short program and, with nothing to lose, did six quads, landing five cleanly, to take first in the free skate and fifth overall.

That put skating and competition and all that in perspective, Chen said. As a kid, I thought if I bombed an opportunity to skate well in an Olympics, thats basically the end of everything for me, and its the only reason I compete.

I finished that competition and went to worlds and another competition and then another competition. Then I realized okay, yeah, I wish I could have gone back and changed it, but my life continues moving forward and skating continues moving forward.

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Looking back, Chen realized that he had been too fixated on medals and also had been getting input from too many sources about which jumps he should do.

What it comes down to, everyone wants the best (for you), but they dont necessarily always agree on it, and I have to make the final judgment call, he said. Being as young as I was and not really knowing what the right call was, just being inexperienced as a skater at that level, I didnt know what the best judgment was to make.

Having had a little bit more experience obviously Im still quite young and being able to use that competition as a learning experience definitely has better prepared me since then.

Chen and Hanyu are not the only gold medal contenders. Two other Japanese skaters, reigning Olympic silver medalist Shoma Uno and reigning world silver medalist Yuma Kagiyama, also can be factors should the top two make serious errors.

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Hanyu had not even fully committed in public to competing in Beijing until winning the Japanese Championships with a brilliant performance in the short and a strong, steady performance in the free after the opening mistake on the quad axel. This presumably will be his last Olympics and possibly his final competition, period.

Chen also may step away from competition after this season, at least for a while. He intends to go back to Yale, where he is a rising junior, after a two-year academic leave.

It kind of depends on how the Games go and how the season goes, Chen said. I hope the answer will be more clear when I finish the Olympics.

And that will more than likely be the end of a rivalry that has become more and more fascinating since the 2018 Olympics.

Think of what the mens event would have looked like if Hanyu or Chen had not had the other to chase or be chased by, Browning said. It would have been a one-man show, and those are always tough sells. Together, they make the Olympics much more interesting.

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Boitano knows how much intense rivalries can make each skater better. In the two seasons leading up to the Battle of the Brians at the 1988 Winter Games in Calgary, he and Orser traded world titles. Boitano won gold with one of the greatest free skate performances in Olympic history, and the outcome was decided by the smallest judging margin possible under the old 6.0 scoring system.

This has been going and going and going between Yuzuru and Nathan, and that is what is required to make a rivalry very special, Boitano said. It has been year after year of great skating against great skating. Now its down to this moment.

Philip Hersh, who has covered figure skating at the last 11 Winter Olympics, is a special contributor to NBCOlympics.com.

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In pushing each other, Hanyu and Chen have redefined the meaning of figure skating greatness - WDIV ClickOnDetroit

Two-time Olympic 1500m medallist Nick Willis broke four minutes for the mile at the Millrose Games on Saturday (29), running 3:59.71 at the World Athletics Indoor Tour Gold meeting in Manhattan.

The time itself is perhaps no surprise from an athlete of his calibre. But what made it special for Willis that night is that, at 38 years old, the New Zealander became the first man to run under four minutes for the distance for 20 consecutive years.

There are many iconic barriers in athletics.

For men, beating 10 seconds in the 100m or clearing six metres in the pole vault defines you as an athlete. Likewise, for women, leaping farther than seven metres in the long jump or breaking four minutes for 1500m is something to be celebrated.

All of this can seem futile or arbitrary. Distances and times are, after all, based upon basic unit systems, so being on one side of a mark or the other should not matter.

And yet, it does. Because it is precisely what makes the sport exhilarating and relatable to people. Breaking a barrier can act as your entry ticket to the world all-time lists.

Breaking a barrier 20 years in a row is something else. Not a world record per se, but an incredible demonstration of consistency and dedication to the sport.

Nick Willis in 2021 ( Tracksmith)

Running the mile within four minutes was, for a long time, considered impossible.

In the mid-1950s, as the barrier seemed to be standing still (after nine years without any progress made on Swedens Gunder Hggs world record of 4:01.40), the British press referred to it as the Everest on the track. A relevant nickname, since both the ascent of Earths highest mountain and the athletics feat ended up being accomplished for the first time only a few months apart.

At a time when nobody had ever broken 10 seconds for the 100m, breaking four minutes for four laps of a track was an extremely satisfying and ambitious feat to envision. So ambitious that some scientists called it unfeasible for the human body.

On a foggy evening in May 1954, however, Great Britains Roger Bannister, a medical intern from the University of Oxford, became the first man to do it, proving the world wrong in the process. At the Iffley Road Track now known as the Roger Bannister Track in Oxford, he ran 3:59.40.

The Everest was conquered.

Seven decades later, breaking four minutes for the mile has become something of a prerequisite for professional middle-distance.

Indeed, about 1300 more men in the world have now managed to complete the distance in a time that starts with a three.

While the 1500m is the standard middle-distance championship discipline, the mile is still extremely popular in some countries, especially in the United States where it is often run at collegiate level.

As a matter of fact, this is where Willis ran his first sub-four mark (3:58.15) while competing for the University of Michigan at the 2003 Notre Dame Meyo Indoor Invitational in South Bend, Indiana, just four years after Moroccos middle distance great Hicham El Guerrouj set a still-standing world record of 3:43.13.

The following year, and at the age of 21, Willis lowered his personal best to 3:56.55 at the same venue before eventually running 3:53.51 at the Prefontaine Classic for his first outdoor sub-four mark. A couple of months after that, he participated in his first Olympic Games in Athens, running 3:39.80 in the heats and 3:41.46 in his semifinal of the mens 1500m.

Nick Willis at the 2004 Olympic Games ( Getty Images)

It was in 2006 that Willis experienced international success for the first time, claiming 1500m gold at the Commonwealth Games in 3:38.49 ahead of Canadas Nathan Brannen and Australias Mark Fountain. That same year, he lowered his mile personal best to 3:52.75.

In 2007, Willis made his first world 1500m final, placing 10th in Osaka in 3:36.13.

The following year, Willis ran what he considers one of his best races to improve his mile personal best to 3:50.66, finishing second behind Kenyas Shadrack Korir at the Prefontaine Classic in Eugene, Oregon. Two months after that, he went on to claim 1500m silver at the Beijing Olympics in China.

At the following 2012 Olympic Games, Willis had the privilege of being his countrys flag bearer during the opening ceremony held at the London Stadium. He finished ninth in the Olympic 1500m final and had a season's best of 3:51.77 for the mile.

In 2014 at the Glasgow Commonwealth Games, Willis earned 1500m bronze, his third straight Commonwealth medal after the one he had taken in Delhi four years prior. It was also in 2014 that he set his lifetime best of 3:49.83 in the mile in Oslo.

In 2015, Willis clocked an Oceanian record of 3:51.46 for the indoor mile, and a national 1500m record of 3:29.66 at the Herculis Diamond League meeting in Monaco. That same year he finished sixth with 3:35.46 in the 1500m final at the World Championships in Beijing, his best placing in the competition.

The following year, Willis added two global medals to his tally with a 1500m bronze at the World Indoor Championships in Portland and an Olympic 1500m bronze in Rio.

At 38, Willis was the oldest athlete in the 1500m field at the Tokyo Olympics, where he placed ninth in his semifinal in a seasons best of 3:35.41.

Earlier in 2021, he had already broken the record of 19 consecutive years of sub-four-minute miles. And he finally went on to improve that record to 20 on 29 January 2022 with his 3:59.71 run.

In a recent podcast, Willis confessed that his secret to longevity might be that he never experienced any major injuries that forced him to step away from the track for too long.

In 2020, however, Willis left his sponsor to turn amateur.

After years of top-level racing, Willis indeed claimed that he needed to fall back in love with the sport in a different way. And for him to maintain his longevity and consistency, he would have to do it on his own terms. He is now involved with the Boston-based running apparel brand Tracksmith where he is working as an athlete experience manager.

I am yearning to have a broader impact on our sport, beyond just participating as an athlete, Willis said in one of the brands releases.

Ultimately, I want to inspire and help more and more people fall in love with the sport that has given me so much.

Consider that done.

Laurent Dieste for World Athletics

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Willis becomes first man to break four minutes in the mile for 20 consecutive years | FEATURE - World Athletics

We know, from this research, that people want their CBD to be a destination that offers more than just workplaces. They want more green space and more residents. They want more places for creativity and culture. They want safety, sustainability and celebrity chefs.

This research is insightful but is from one moment in time. We need to continue to take the pulse of our city populations to understand what they want from their CBDs.

As we keep our finger on the pulse of changing needs and desires, we must also consider how behavioural economics play into those choices. What we know is that not all decisions we make are rational, and that people use myriad biases and emotional shortcuts to make decisions. While street parties, markets and open-air concerts can be short-term sugar hits, we must also truly understand how people operate to deliver structured and sustained behavioural change.

Second, we need to start small but cast a wide net to collaborate with as many stakeholders as we can. Bring together all the players council, state government, asset owners, employers, food and beverage, retail and community groups to focus our efforts on a particular small place or, as we are calling it, a micro district.

Micro districts can be a magnetic point of attraction. But to be successful, we need a new way of thinking and working together, with a governance framework and funding model that supports longevity. And we need to back up our collaborative efforts with data, analysis and user insights to understand whats working and what isnt. Our CBDs certainly need some sugar hits the excitement, buzz and Insta-moments are what many people have been craving. But sugar hits need to come with a sustainable diet that keeps people coming back to healthy, resilient CBDs

We know focusing on the micro can deliver huge dividends. If we look to global best practice, Bryant Park in Midtown Manhattan was once dubbed needle park, and surrounding office towers were plagued by vacancy. But a four-year renovation transformed it into one of New York Citys best public spaces and a magnet for many types of people.

Think flower beds, lush lawns and portable chairs, outdoor movies, summer concerts and winter ice skating. The park became a theatre of shifting stage sets. These small but significant interventions could be tested and tweaked depending on how people responded. Today, 12 million people visit Bryant Park each year and real estate immediately around the park is worth $US5 billion ($7 billion) more than when it was a no-go zone.

The pandemic presents us with a once-in-a-generation opportunity to re-envision our CBDs. We can expect many false starts and restarts, but our challenge is to use the multimillion-dollar funding, resources and collective efforts to turn our Central Business Districts into Central Belonging Districts.

Selina Short is managing partner at EY Oceania Real Estate and Construction.

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CBD revitalisation needs to create places where more people feel they belong - The Australian Financial Review

We want to make it possible to live healthily for a longer period of time

In the not-too-distant future, youll be able to check into the Human Longevity Laboratory to find out how old you really are, physiologically speaking.

If the news is less than optimal, clinicians will determine why and check a litany of body systems as well as your neurological and orthopaedic health. Then, youll be prescribed an intervention to stave off further decline or better yet restore your vitality.

Douglas Vaughan, MD, chair and Irving S. Cutter Professor of Medicine, and director of the new Potocsnak Longevity Institute.

Sounds sci-fi, but its actually the mission of the new Potocsnak Longevity Institute, which launched today at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine.

The Human Longevity Laboratory is just one part of the ambitious multi-center institute, whose goal is to foster new discoveries and build on Northwesterns ongoing research in the rapidly advancing science of aging.

The biological processes that drive aging may be malleable, said Douglas Vaughan, MD, director of the new institute and chair of medicine at Northwestern. We think we can slow that process down, delay it, even theoretically reverse it. The curtain is being pulled back on what drives aging. We want to contribute to that larger discovery process.

The goal of the institute, funded by a very generous gift from Chicago industrialist John Potocsnak and family, is to extend what Vaughan terms the human healthspan. Scientists and clinicians will address the period of life when people are at the greatest risk for aging-related comorbidities arthritis, dementia, heart disease, diabetes, aging-related cancer and hypertension and frailty.

We want to make it possible to live healthily for a longer period of time, not just live longer, said Vaughan, also the Irving S. Cutter Professor of Medicine. Aging is the most important risk factor for every disease we care for in adult medicine. If we can push that process back, we can push back the onset of disease.

The new institute builds on the decades of work by Vaughan and scientists across Northwestern, unifying programs studying populations that seem resistant to some of the negative consequences of aging. These include certain members of an Amish community in Berne, Indiana or a group of cognitively young octogenarians called SuperAgers.Other projects will continue to seek biological levers that drive aging and investigate approaches including new drugs to minimize the impact of aging and extend the healthy lifespan of older adults.

We are grateful for the opportunity to support the vision put forth by Northwesterns leaders, scientists, and physicians to help people live their longest, healthiest lives possible, said Potocsnak. The promise of the amazing work being done by Doug, Frank and many others holds the potential to profoundly impact quality of life for millions. My wife Laura, myself and my family are proud to support this important work as we strive to make the world a better place than when we got here.

The Potocsnak Longevity Institute is a momentous step forward for the science of aging and lifespan, said Eric G. Neilson, MD, vice president for medical affairs and Lewis Landsberg Dean. The potential impact of this institutes advancements cant be overstated; the time is now right to push the field forward.

Human Longevity Laboratory

Our tasks, challenges and opportunities at the institute and Human Longevity Laboratory are severalfold, said Frank Palella, MD, associate director of the institute and the Potocsnak Family C.S.C Professor at Northwestern. We plan to ascertain those factors and conditions that determine not just how long people live but how well they live. We will design therapeutic and interventional clinical trials to study important aspects of aging in order to identify ways to extend the healthspan and delay or prevent harmful aging processes.

Our goal is, ultimately, to prolong the period of time during which individuals can enjoy optimal physical and cognitive functioning, independence and a full life. The possibilities are staggering.

What HIV teaches us about aging

The science behind HIV and aging will be a cornerstone of the institutes research at the Potocsnak Center for Aging and HIV, led by Palella.

While the lifespan of people with HIV has been extended with potent antiviral therapy, these individuals experience accelerated aging in heart disease, cancer, dementia, frailty and other diseases. They also die earlier than people without HIV. One primary reason is chronic inflammation and a constantly activated immune system.

HIV becomes a good model in which to explore determinants and interventions for aging processes, Palella said. There is a cross-pollination here between studying what improves and extends the healthspan/lifespan of people with HIV and the general population.

People who treat HIV and people who are subspecialists in geriatrics, cardiology, neurology and other health care disciplines will join forces at the center to discuss approaches that will benefit persons with diverse aging syndromes and persons with HIV, Palella said.

How some longer-living Amish could help us live longer, too

A few years ago, Vaughan discovered an extended family of Old Order Amish in Indiana have a genetic variant that protects them against multiple aspects of biological aging. Amish people with this mutation have significantly less diabetes and a younger vascular age than those who dont have the mutation. It turns out these individuals have very low levels of PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor), a protein that comprises part of a molecular fingerprint related to aging or senescence (death) of cells.

We are collecting data from this natural experiment, and Mother Nature is going to tell us how a drug that blocks PAI-1 could prevent or block aging in an average human being, Vaughan said.

Northwestern has contributed to the development of experimental drug with a Japanese company that blocks PAI-1 that is now being tested in clinical trials. One of these trials is in patients with COVID-19 at Northwestern. PAI-1 causes blood clotting, which is a primary driver of morbidity and organ damage in the coronavirus.

The Geroscience Academy will train and educate clinicians, students and scientists about the rapidly progressing science of aging.

There has been tremendous progress made in understanding what aging is all about, Vaughan said. It is moving beyond the realm of science fiction to imagine altering the velocity of aging in humans. The potential impact it may have on us and on our children and grandchildren cannot be overstated.

We want to be recognized not only as one of the epicenters of aging research but also in teaching our students, faculty and the world about the rapidly evolving science of aging.

Center for Population Science and Aging

Scientists in this center will utilize and refine existing tools to demystify the aging process in large populations of humans at all ages.

There are already well-defined biochemical and genetic markers that can be used to calculate the physiological age of a person and predict their risk for aging-related diseases, Vaughan said. These tools will only get better and more precise in the years to come.

Our biological age is not determined by how many times weve orbited the sun as passengers on planet Earth. The complex biological changes associated with aging impact nearly every aspect of a persons health, but some populations seem less affected by aging than others.

Center for Nanoscience and Aging

This center will leverage some of Northwesterns unique strengths to develop nanotechnological devices, novel diagnostic measures and innovative anti-aging therapies and drug-delivery platforms.

This center will improve our ability to measure the biological age of patients and bring new precision therapies into being that will alter the trajectory of aging, Vaughan said. Scientists will develop novel devices to measure specific physiological parameters that reflect age. For example, the older you get, the slower you walk, your heart rate variability goes down and blood pressure goes up. We might be able to track these types of functional changes in real time in patients enrolled in clinical trials. The goal will be to see if we can impact the patients physiological age, maybe with specific lifestyle interventions or new therapeutics.

Basic and Translational Biology

There is already a tremendous amount of basic and translational research in the field of aging taking place at Northwestern. Research funding from the National Institute of Aging (NIA) has risen to more than to nearly $40 million since 2016, placing it at number 13 in overall funding from the NIA.

We anticipate the resources and new scientific momentum created by the Longevity Institute will allow Northwestern to be recognized as one the leading institutions in the world in the field of human aging and longevity, Vaughan said.

Original post:
New Potocsnak Longevity Institute Hopes to Lengthen Human ...

Human longevitywho lives longer, who doesn't, and how that ratio might be tweakedis still a mystery that has captured the imagination and intense study of researchers. In recent years, studies have provided tantalizing clues about who lives longer, why, and how that might be predicted. New research suggests there's one potential indicator that can predict how long you'll live: A simple eye test. Read on to find out moreand to ensure your health and the health of others, don't miss these Sure Signs You've Already Had COVID.

The retinaa membrane in the back of the eye that contains light-sensitive cells and a tiny network of blood vesselsis crucial to sight. It may also be a bellwether of how long you're going to live.

Scientists already knew that cells in the retina deteriorate as we get older. (Glaucoma, an eye disease that becomes more common with age, damages retinal cells and causes them to die.) But according to a new study published in the British Journal of Ophthalmology, people whose retinas were "older" than their actual age were closer to the end of life themselvesthey were more likely to die within the next decade.

"The retina offers a unique, accessible 'window' to evaluate underlying pathological processes of systemic vascular and neurological diseases that are associated with increased risks of mortality," said study co-author Dr. Mingguang He from the Center for Eye Research Australia.

RELATED: Signs You Have a "Hidden" Health Problem, According to Experts

The study involved more than 47,000 adults between the ages of 40 and 69, who were tracked by the researchers for an average of 11 years. Each person had their retinas scanned. The scientists then compared each retina's "biological age" with that person's chronological age. They discovered many participants had a "retinal age gap."

Large gaps in retinal age were associated with a 49 to 67 percent higher risk of death from any cause other than cardiovascular disease or cancer. That was after adjusting for potential contributing factors such as high blood pressure, BMI, lifestyle habits, and ethnicity.

And for every one-year increase in the age gap, the researchers saw a 2% increase in the risk of death from any cause and a 3% increase in the risk of death from a specific cause other than cardiovascular disease and cancer.

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The retina contains a network of small blood vessels that are crucial to sight. (In a condition called retinopathy, older blood vessels are damaged and new ones form, potentially leading to blindness.) Several studies, including this new one, suggest the vessels cause also gauge the health of the brain and circulatory system overall.

"Our novel findings have determined that the retinal age gap is an independent predictor of increased mortality risk, especially of non-cardiovascular disease/ non-cancer mortality. These findings suggest that retinal age may be a clinically significant biomarker of aging," the researchers wrote. And to get through this pandemic at your healthiest, don't miss these 35 Places You're Most Likely to Catch COVID.

Original post:
This Simple Eye Test Can Reveal How Long You'll Live Eat This Not That - Eat This, Not That

Star Bradbury| Guest columnist

Did you happen to read the story recently about the oldest living human being? Kane Tanaka, who is Japanese, is 119 years old. She is what is known as a supercentenarian.

What has changed? Are people really living much longer?

As many as half of todays 5 year olds in the United States can expect to live to the age of 100 and, according to the Stanford Center on Longevity, this may become the norm for newborns by 2050. Why are people living longer? Better health care and nutrition, a focus on disease prevention, better education and rising standards of living for a larger portion of the world population.

Everything I just listed is expected to improve in all countries, even the poorest. If you doubt this, pick up the book Factfulness, by Hans Rosling, past advisor to the World Health Organization and UNICEF. This book was a real eye-opener for me on world trends and how the world is in a much better state than we think.

It is hard to believe that the average lifespan in 1950 was just 47. Human life expectancy has doubled between 1900 and 2000 and is still rising, despite the COVID pandemic. Currently in the U.S. there are over 75 million aging baby boomers, and many are expected to live well past 90.

The possibility of living for nine, ten or more decades raises a uniquely twenty-first-century question: what are we going to do with our century-long lives? The Stanford Center on Longevity poses this question and does an excellent job of answering it. In 2018 it launched an initiative called The New Map of Life, believing that one of the most profound transformations of the human experience calls for equally momentous and creative changes in the ways we lead these 100-year lives, at every stage.

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This study is truly inspirational, as it calls on all of us to completely reevaluate what it means to grow old. We need to reinvent ourselves on many levels such as the way we work and for how long, housing, financial planning and new policies for health care. Instead of focusing on lifespan, we need to look at what they call health span, or the years in which people are healthy, active, mentally sharp and free of pain.

The Stanford Longevity Center has a goal: … we take a forward-facing perspective on the economic potential of a more age-diverse population in which older adults contribute increasingly significant and measurable ways to the social good and to GDP, so that opportunities for healthy longevity are shared across races, geographical regions, and socioeconomic status.

All of us need to re-think everything from front-loading education into the first two decades of life, to retiring at age 65. What if education was a continuum of lifelong learning, acquiring knowledge at each stage of life? If you thought you could live to 100 with a reasonable quality of life, would you go back to school at 50, have multiple flexible careers, take better care of yourself?

Currently workers over the age of 55 make up 25% of the work force. Contrary to old stereotypes, evidence suggests that older workers show superior judgement, reliability and mentoring skills, and are fully capable of mastering the technology needed.

Meet Earth's 5 oldest people, all born in the 1800s

Five people born in the 1800s are still with us - and they're all women. Three of these supercentenarians live in the United States.

With so many younger people leaving the workforce, employers need to consider the value of hiring older workers on a flexible schedule. They offer a vast amount of life experiences whether as paid workers, mentors or volunteers. Having a truly age-diverse workforce also has the added benefit of improving intergenerational communications, something we could all benefit from.

Before you say you dont want to live to be 100, read this study and see their predictions for the future. The emerging field of geroscience will transform how we age, able to re-program the genetic, molecular and cellular mechanisms that result in age being the primary factor for degenerative conditions.

Advanced interventions will be possible that may be able to slow or even reverse some aging processes. Imagine a wearable exoskeleton that allows you to stay mobile or ride a bike at age 90!

Start by asking yourself personally what you would do differently if you knew you were going to live to 100 and draw your own Map of Life. You might be surprised by the changes youd make.

Star Bradbury (www.starbradbury.com) is the owner of Senior Living Strategies in Gainesville.

Send a letter to the editor (up to 200 words) to letters@gainesville.com. Letters must include the writer's full name and city of residence. Additional guidelines for submitting letters and longer guest columns can be found at bit.ly/sunopinionguidelines.

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Read more from the original source:
Living to 100 years old is becoming the new normal - Gainesville Sun

Chautauqua County is eyeing raises for its part-time sheriffs deputies.

During a meeting last week of the legislatures Public Safety Committee, members approved a labor contract with the CSEA Unit 6322 to give a 5% raise in 2022, a 5% raise in 2023, a 3% raise in 2024, a 3% raise in 2025, and a longevity payment of $75 per year upon completion of three years of service.

CSEA 6322 would be our part-time deputy sheriff contract. That was the final last and final contract that we negotiated for 2021, explained Human Resources Director Jean Riley.

They did have a tentative agreement in December; however, due to the holiday schedule, they were unable to present the resolution to the full legislature for a vote.

Riley said the union has 49 members and they unanimously backed the four-year contract. Theres really no benefits associated with this. Its really just salary and rate of pay, she said.

If approved by the full legislature, initial hires would start at $20.27 an hour. Riley said theyve looked at part-time deputy sheriff pay across the state, and that is $21.59 an hour, so the new rate would still be under the average.

She noted the longevity payment impact is minimal because most part-time deputies become full time in a couple of years. Out of this 49, we might have a dozen that might be more than three years in title, she said.

According to Riley, the impact to the county budget would be $50,000 to $75,000 a year and that is before the state reimburses the county for court officers. This contract was not budgeted for due to where negotiations were at when the budget was passed.

Committee Chairman Terry Niebel said he backs the resolution, which he believes will help with recruitment and retention. This contract is very much needed, it appears, he said.

The committee unanimously backed the resolution, which will now go to the full legislature for final approval.

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New contract proposed for part-time sheriff deputies - Evening Observer

Youve probably heard of the placebo effect. And perhaps youre aware that sugar pills can accelerate healing.

But did you know that your overall expectations of your own fitness can influence your risk of an actual heart attack?

What about the notion that labels for diet foods can make you hungrier than if you had eaten nothing at all?

Or that people who associate ageing with personal growth live for seven years longer than those who associate it with frailty and disability?

When New Scientist Live comes to Manchester Central this March, science writer and author David Robson will discuss all this and more as he explains the power of your mindset to influence your health, fitness, happiness and longevity.

Drawing on a pioneering new theory of the brain, Davids event is just one of many thought-provoking talks, ground-breaking discoveries, interactive experiences and hands-on activities, workshops and performances you can expect at the mind-blowing festival of ideas.

Renowned Professor of Theoretical Physics, Jim Al-Khalili will explore how thinking scientifically can help us navigate todays world, and science writer Michael Marshall will delve into the quest for lifes origin one of the most profound questions we can ask.

Dr Daniel Jolley will help us understand why some people believe in conspiracy theories, and Dr Beth Singler will explore the hopes and fears that AI and robots inspire in us.

Metabolic researcher Dr Giles Yeo will explain how our body works harder to extract calories from some food compared to others, which is why calories dont always count, while Dr Jennifer Wild will reveal seven key tools to help tackle stress and fear.

Other topics for talks include Dr Emma Yhnell on the risks of personal genetic testing, Dr Fraser Smith on the battle for male mental health, Jon Copley on how humanity is exploring the deep ocean, and Stephanie Wright on how the material that makes up plastic bottles can enter the human body via our airways, with future health impacts.

It will be the first time New Scientist Live has come to Manchester, a world-class hub of scientific and technological learning, research, innovation and industry.

Over 9,000 visitors, 40 speakers and 30 exhibitors are expected at the event, alongside a global audience of 5,000 online, with the first two days, a Saturday and Sunday, open to all, and the final day, Monday, dedicated to schools and home learners.

Or if you would rather enjoy the event from the comfort of your home, all the stage talks from Saturday and Sunday will be streamed live, and the Engage Stage will be connecting a virtual audience with the stimulating experiences and engaging activities that New Scientist Live is famous for.

All the talks from the Saturday and Sunday of the event will also be available on-demand for 12 months afterwards, so if you miss any of the talks or just want to relive your favourite moments from the weekend, you can do so at your leisure.

Fun, entertaining, informative and inspirational, New Scientist Live will stimulate the mind and senses like no other event.

New Scientist Live will come to Manchester Central on 12th-13th March 2022, with 14th March a schools only day. The talks will also be available online.

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Can your mindset shape your health, happiness and longevity? - I Love Manchester