Category Archives: Genome

Dynamic Genome Playlist Introduction
Dynamic Genome Playlist introduction The genome changes its look: 1. From static to dynamic 2. From closed to open 3. From simple to complex 4. From random t...

By: Gershom Zajicek M.D,

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Dynamic Genome Playlist Introduction - Video

22 September 2013 Last updated at 19:33 ET By Helen Briggs BBC News

UK scientists have mapped the genome of the British ash tree, in research to find a way to protect woodlands from a deadly fungus.

The data has been released on the internet for use by the global scientific community.

The ash tree genome map is the latest advance in fighting Chalara, which causes ash dieback.

According to new figures, ash dieback is spreading rapidly in Britain and has been found in more than 200 woods.

Evidence from continental Europe suggests that as many as 90% of ash trees could eventually die from the infection.

Scientists are searching for genetic clues to why some trees appear to be able to survive.

A team at Queen Mary University of London, has mapped the genome of a native ash tree for the first time, as part of the research.

The tree came from a wood in Gloucestershire owned by the Earth Trust.

Dr Richard Buggs of Queen Mary University of London, said it was a big leap forward.

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Scientists map UK ash tree genome

Entire human genome gets broken down in SA
For more on this and other stories please visit http://www.enca.com/ Johannesburg, September 18 -- In a first for Africa, the entire human genome has been br...

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Entire human genome gets broken down in SA - Video

"Genome Kid"
song written performed by H Watnik @2013.

By: Harry Watnik

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"Genome Kid" - Video

For decades, we as a culture have referred to a persons genome as a singular thing a set of DNA that exists in each cell and is unique to each person. You are a person and you have one genome.

But the New York Times this week brought to light mounting evidence that thats not necessarily true. It introduced to the masses two terms that have been gaining acceptance among scientists over the past several years: chimerism and mosaicism.

Both reflect the notion that an individual can have more than one genome. A twin, for example, might acquire some of the other twins blood cells in the womb, and end up with part of his genome. A woman can apparently gain genomes from fetal cells left behind after she gives birth to a baby. People who have bone marrow transplants, too, have been shown in studies to end up with some of their donors genomes.

What does this finding mean for medicine? The U.S. government undertook the $3 billion Human Genome Project more than two decades ago to improve DNA sequencing, which would help scientists better understand disease. Since then, a number of diagnostic tests and gene therapies have been developed for cancers and rare diseases based on the idea that a persons genome represents his genetic makeup.

Now, according to Carl Zimmer in the Times:

Scientists are finding links from multiple genomes to certain rare diseases, and now theyre beginning to investigate genetic variations to shed light on more common disorders.

Sciences changing view is also raising questions about how forensic scientists should use DNA evidence to identify people. Its also posing challenges for genetic counselors, who cant assume that the genetic information from one cell can tell them about the DNA throughout a persons body.

In other words, the complicated science of the human genome just got more complicated. Maybe, after all, a cheek swab wont reveal as much about a persons health as we once thought.

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Wow of the Week: Scientists challenge the idea of the individual genome

Published: Sept. 20, 2013 at 4:33 PM

BEIJING, Sept. 20 (UPI) -- Comparison of the genome of a Siberian tiger with those of other big cats provides a resource to study big cats' conservation, South Korean researchers said.

Researchers with South Korea's Personal Genomics Institute sequenced the whole genome of an Amur, or Siberian, tiger, assembled by using software tools, Chinese genomic-affiliated BGI said Friday in a release.

Among other things, the researchers learned the Siberian tiger displayed more than 95 percent similarity to the genome of the domestic cat.

Researchers also sequenced the genomes of a white Bengal tiger, an African lion, a white African lion and a snow leopard, using advanced sequencing technology, and aligned them using the tiger and domestic cat genome sequences, BGI said.

They found a number of Panthera lineage-specific and felid-specific amino acid changes that they said could affect the metabolism pathways of carnivores.

The researchers discovered evidence that genes related to muscle strength, energy metabolism and sensory nerves appeared to be undergoing rapid evolution in the tiger, which could help in conservation efforts, BGI said.

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Tiger, lion and leopard genomes could aid in big cats' conservation

Data Sharing and the HeLa Genome Sequence - Kathy Hudson
September 9, 2013 - National Advisory Council for Human Genome More: http://www.genome.gov/27554864.

By: GenomeTV

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Data Sharing and the HeLa Genome Sequence - Kathy Hudson - Video

Chinese scientists complete wheat genome A -amp D drawings 2013 News
Chinese scientists complete wheat genome A -amp D drawings.

By: tanzani trefic

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Chinese scientists complete wheat genome A -amp D drawings 2013 News - Video

The NHGRI-Smithsonian Genome Exhibition - Vence Bonham
September 9, 2013 - National Advisory Council for Human Genome More: http://www.genome.gov/27554864.

By: GenomeTV

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The NHGRI-Smithsonian Genome Exhibition - Vence Bonham - Video

Sep. 20, 2013 An international research team headed by PD Dr Minou Nowrousian from the Ruhr-Universitt Bochum (RUB) has sequenced the genome of the ascomycete Pyronema confluens, thus closing a gap in the genetic map of fungi. For the first time, scientists have shown for fungi that, in the entire genome, those genes that are active during the sexual development evolve more rapidly than other genes. A similar effect was already described for animals and plants; for fungi, however, this question had hardly been addressed at all. The team from Germany, Spain and the USA has published their findings in PLoS Genetics.

Pyronema -- a typical representative of its systematic group

Today, the genomes of more than 250 fungi have been sequenced. Among the basal filamentous ascomycetes -- a group of ascomycetes that includes e.g. truffles and morels -- only one representative has been analysed so far: the truffle Tuber melanosporum. "With 125 million base pairs, the truffle genome is unusually big, yet it is coding for relatively few genes, namely some 7,500," says Minou Nowrousian from the Department of General and Molecular Botany. "Until now, it was not clear whether this is typical of basal filamentous ascomycetes or whether it is caused by the truffle's 'atypical' lifestyle." Unlike other filamentous ascomycetes, the truffle does not develop reproductive organs -- so-called fruiting bodies -- above ground but rather below ground. Moreover, it only grows in symbiosis with plant roots (mycorrhiza). Pyronema, on the other hand, is a typical representative of its group.

Intermediary evolutionary stage

The genome of Pyronema confluens contains 50 million base pairs and some 13,000 genes; it is thus smaller than that of the truffle, and yet it contains more genes. These findings confirm the truffle's special position and provide new insights into the evolution of ascomycetes. "Pyronema confluens bears a stronger resemblance to higher ascomycetes than to the truffle," concludes Minou Nowrousian. However, the scientists have also discovered differences to higher ascomycetes, for example in the DNA sequence containing the genetic blueprint for mating type genes. Mating type genes are the main regulators of sexual development and, in Pyronema confluens, they do not show the standardised structure that is typical for higher ascomycetes. "Pyronema confluens may represent an intermediary evolutionary stage in the evolution of mating type genes," says the Bochum biologist.

Light-activated genes

One characteristic feature of the fungus under investigation is the fact that it produces fruiting bodies only in light. Fittingly, the researchers discovered genes in the Pyronema genome containing blueprints for photoreceptors for different wavelengths of visible light. The activity of some of those genes increased in light.

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Gap closed in the genetic map of fungi: Research team sequences genome of Pyronema confluens