Category Archives: Genome

Trailer de Genome Hazard (HD)
Trailer de Genome Hazard, por Kim Sung-Su. Más información en http://www.cinemaldito.com.

By: Cine maldito

See more here:
Trailer de Genome Hazard (HD) - Video

Jorge Contreras - The Genomics Data Sharing Paradigm: Legacy of the Human Genome Project
Jorge Contreras talk at "Scientific data sharing: an interdisciplinary Workshop " Anagni september 2nd 2013.

By: Giovanni Destro Bisol

Visit link:
Jorge Contreras - The Genomics Data Sharing Paradigm: Legacy of the Human Genome Project - Video

7 hours ago Bioengineers from the University of California, San Diego are leading the research team that has published a breakthrough single-cell genome sequencing technique that stands to improve our understanding of genomic diversity among cells from the same human brain. With the new approach, the researchers generated the most complete genome sequences published thus far from single E. coli cells and individual neurons from the human brain. The approach, called Microwell Displacement Amplification System, confines genome amplification to fluid-filled wells with a volume of just 12 nanoliters. This work is published in the journal Nature Biotechnology on November 10, 2013. An animated video illustrating the technique is available upon request. Credit: UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering

Researchers led by bioengineers at the University of California, San Diego have generated the most complete genome sequences from single E. coli cells and individual neurons from the human brain. The breakthrough comes from a new single-cell genome sequencing technique that confines genome amplification to fluid-filled wells with a volume of just 12 nanoliters.

The study is published in the journal Nature Biotechnology on November 10, 2013.

"Our preliminary data suggest that individual neurons from the same brain have different genetic compositions. This is a relatively new idea, and our approach will enable researchers to look at genomic differences between single cells with much finer detail," said Kun Zhang, a professor in the Department of Bioengineering at the UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering and the corresponding author on the paper.

The researchers report that the genome sequences of single cells generated using the new approach exhibited comparatively little "amplification bias," which has been the most significant technological obstacle facing single-cell genome sequencing in the past decade. This bias refers to the fact that the amplification step is uneven, with different regions of a genome being copied different numbers of times. This imbalance complicates many downstream genomic analyses, including assembly of genomes from scratch and identifying DNA content variations among cells from the same individual.

Single-cell Genome Sequencing

Sequencing the genomes of single cells is of great interest to researchers working in many different fields. For example, probing the genetic make-up of individual cells would help researchers identify and understand a wide range of organisms that cannot be easily grown in the lab from the bacteria that live within our digestive tracts and on our skin, to the microscopic organisms that live in ocean water. Single-cell genetic studies are also being used to study cancer cells, stem cells and the human brain, which is made up of cells that increasingly appear to have significant genomic diversity.

"We now have the wonderful opportunity to take a higher-resolution look at genomes within single cells, extending our understanding of genomic mosaicism within the brain to the level of DNA sequence, which here revealed new somatic changes to the neuronal genome. This could provide new insights into the normal as well as abnormal brain, such as occurs in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease or Schizophrenia," said Jerold Chun, a co-author and Professor in the Dorris Neuroscience Center at The Scripps Research Institute.

For example, the new sequencing approach identified gains or loss of single copy DNA as small as 1 million base pairs, the highest resolution to date for single-cell sequencing approaches. Recent single-cell sequencing studies have used older techniques which can only decipher DNA copy changes that are at least three to six million base pairs.

Amplification in Nano-Scale Wells

Read the original:
Single-cell genome sequencing gets better

Craig Venter has been a molecular-biology pioneer for two decades.

Art Streiber

J Craig Venter has been a molecular-biology pioneer for two decades. After developing expressed sequence tags in the 90s, he led the private effort to map the human genome, publishing the results in 2001. In 2010, the J Craig Venter Institute manufactured the entire genome of a bacterium, creating the first synthetic organism.

Now Venter, author of Life at the Speed of Light: From the Double Helix to the Dawn of Digital Life, explains the coming era of discovery.

Wired: In Life at the Speed of Light, you argue that humankind is entering a new phase of evolution. How so?

J Craig Venter: As the industrial age is drawing to a close, I think that we're witnessing the dawn of the era of biological design. DNA, as digitized information, is accumulating in computer databases. Thanks to genetic engineering, and now the field of synthetic biology, we can manipulate DNA to an unprecedented extent, just as we can edit software in a computer. We can also transmit it as an electromagnetic wave at or near the speed of light and, via a "biological teleporter," use it to recreate proteins, viruses, and living cells at another location, changing forever how we view life.

So you view DNA as the software of life?

All the information needed to make a living, self-replicating cell is locked up within the spirals of DNA's double helix. As we read and interpret that software of life, we should be able to completely understand how cells work, then change and improve them by writing new cellular software.

The software defines the manufacture of proteins that can be viewed as its hardware, the robots and chemical machines that run a cell. The software is vital because the cell's hardware wears out. Cells will die in minutes to days if they lack their genetic-information system. They will not evolve, they will not replicate, and they will not live.

Of all the experiments you have done over the past two decades involving the reading and manipulation of the software of life, which are the most important?

Follow this link:
An interview with J Craig Venter, the man who sequenced the human genome

Startup Genome Highlights: Leicester, UK
In the inaugural episode of the "Startup Genome Highlights" series our own Geoff Wood talks the Leicester curator, Ben Ravilious about their community.

By: Startup Genome

More here:
Startup Genome Highlights: Leicester, UK - Video

#39;Genome Hazard #39; trailer
After seeing his wife #39;s corpse in his home and then receiving a call from her, a man discovers he can #39;t trust his own memories. He believes himself to be an ...

By: Far East Films

Read the original post:
'Genome Hazard' trailer - Video

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE:

7-Nov-2013

Contact: Darrell E. Ward Darrell.Ward@osumc.edu 614-293-3737 Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

COLUMBUS, Ohio The virus that causes cervical, head and neck, anal and other cancers can damage chromosomes and genes where it inserts its DNA into human DNA, according to a new study led by researchers at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC James).

It's long been known that cancer-causing types of human papillomavirus (HPV) produce two viral proteins, called E6 and E7, which are essential for the development of cancer. However, they are not sufficient to cause cancer. Additional alterations in host-cell genes are necessary for cancer to develop. Here, scientists identified a new mechanism by which HPV may damage host DNA directly and contribute to cancer development.

Published in the journal Genome Research, this laboratory study used whole-genome sequencing to investigate the relationship between the HPV and host genomes in human cancers.

"Our sequencing data showed in vivid detail that HPV can damage host-cell genes and chromosomes at sites of viral insertion," says co-senior author David Symer, MD, PhD, assistant professor of molecular virology, immunology and medical genetics at the OSUCCC James.

"HPV can act like a tornado hitting the genome, disrupting and rearranging nearby host-cell genes," Symer explains. "This can lead to overexpression of cancer-causing genes in some cases, or it can disrupt protective tumor-suppressor genes in others. Both kinds of damage likely promote the development of cancer."

"We observed fragments of the host-cell genome to be removed, rearranged or increased in number at sites of HPV insertion into the genome," says co-senior author Maura Gillison, MD, PhD, professor of medicine, epidemiology and otolaryngology and the Jeg Coughlin Chair of Cancer Research at the OSUCCC James. "These remarkable changes in host genes were accompanied by increases in the number of HPV copies in the host cell, thereby also increasing the expression of viral E6 and E7, the cancer-promoting genes."

HPV causes about 610,000 cancers annually worldwide, including virtually all cervical cancers, and many anogenital and head and neck cancers. How it causes cancer isn't completely understood.

View original post here:
HPV can damage genes and chromosomes directly, whole-genome sequencing study shows

A peek at The Incomplete Map of the Cosmic Genome
This is a taster of The Incomplete Map of the Cosmic Genome app, a guide for the curious but slightly perplexed.

By: jennifer fendry

See the article here:
A peek at The Incomplete Map of the Cosmic Genome - Video

November Update #1 - The Incomplete Map of the Cosmic Genome
A sneak peek at the November update for Cosmic Genome app featuring Prof Jeff Forshaw and Marcus Chown. For full details on the app head to cosmicgenome.com.

By: The Incomplete Map of the Cosmic Genome

Visit link:
November Update #1 - The Incomplete Map of the Cosmic Genome - Video

Genetic Superpowers: Changing Your Genome and Environment
A talk by George M. Church, PhD #39;84, Robert Winthrop Professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical School and director of the Personal Genome Project. Moderated b...

By: Harvard Medical School

More:
Genetic Superpowers: Changing Your Genome and Environment - Video