Category Archives: Genome

KUWAIT: Genome Arabia - Fahd Al Mulla
January 8, 2014 - Genomic Medicine Centers Meeting VI: Global Leaders in Genomic Medicine. More: http://www.genome.gov/27555775.

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KUWAIT: Genome Arabia - Fahd Al Mulla - Video

Dicarbonyl proteome and genome damage in metabolic and vascular disease by Naila Rabbani
Webcast of the presentation entitled #39;Dicarbonyl proteome and genome damage in metabolic and vascular disease #39; given by Naila Rabbani (University of Warwick,...

By: biochemsoc

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Dicarbonyl proteome and genome damage in metabolic and vascular disease by Naila Rabbani - Video

All About The Human Genome Project (HGP)

The Human Genome Project (HGP) was one of the great feats of exploration in history - an inward voyage of discovery rather than an outward exploration of the planet or the cosmos; an international research effort to sequence and map all of the genes - together known as the genome - of members of our species, Homo sapiens. Completed in April 2003, the HGP gave us the ability, for the first time, to read nature's complete genetic blueprint for building a human being.

In this section, you will find access to a wealth of information on the history of the HGP, its progress, cast of characters and future.

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Integral to the HGP were similar efforts to understand the genomes of various organisms commonly used in biomedical research, such as mice, fruit flies and roundworms. Such organisms are called "model organisms," because they serve as research models for how the human organism behaves.

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Last Updated: January 24, 2013

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All About The Human Genome Project (HGP)

January 17, 2014

April Flowers for redOrbit.com Your Universe Online

The whole genome sequence of Locust (Locusta migratoria), the most widespread locust species, has been successfully decoded by researchers from the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BGI and other institutes. The researchers were surprised by the remarkably large (6.5 gigabytes) yielded genome, which is the largest animal genome sequenced so far.

Researchers have been surprised to find that a single locust is able to eat its own body-weight in food in a single day. Proportionately, this amount is 60 times a humans daily consumption. Locusts are capable of inflicting famine and wiping out livelihoods during swarms, which can cost countries billions of dollars in lost harvests and eradication efforts.

For the current study, published in Nature Communications, the research team used next generation sequencing technology to sequence L. migratoria. This technology yielded 721Gb of data, covering 114 x of the 6.3Gb locust genome size. The team was able to annotate and predict about 17,307 gene models and identify over 2,639 repeat gene families. The team also discovered that the top ten repeat families only represented 10 percent of the total genome sequences. This suggests that there were no dominant families in the L. migratoria genome.

The research team found that the reason why the locust has such a large genome compared to other reference insect genomes is a transportable element proliferation combined with slow rates of loss for these elements. Statistics reveal that repetitive elements constituted 60 percent of the assembled genome. The team also found that the genome exhibited the lowest rate of DNA deletions relative to the other insects.

The researchers performed comparative methylome and transcriptome analysis to investigate the potential involvement of epigenetic regulation in locust phase change. Interestingly, the researchers found that repetitive elements were highly methylated and introns had higher methylation levels than exons in the locust genome. They also found that there had been changes in genes involved in the regulation of the cytoskeletal microtubular system, as well as in neuronal activity during the onset of phase change in locusts from solitarious to swarm.

The most distinguishing feature of a locust is the long distance flight, which enables it to fly at speeds of up to hundreds of kilometers an hour; it is even able to cross the ocean. The current researchers found that the locust had developed a highly efficient energy supply system. This was accomplished by the expansion of genes in lipid metabolism and detoxification to fulfill the intensive energy consumption during its long-distance flight. The locust also displays an expansion of its gustatory and olfactory receptor gene families which are for its strong adaptation to host plant recognition.

In order to develop more effective insecticides, the research team identified the gene targets for pest control and new insecticides, such as cys-loop ligand-gated ion channels and G-protein-coupled receptors. These are considered to be major traditional insecticide targets, and the repertoire of several biological processes that could serve as mechanistic targets and lead to the development of specific and sustainable pest control methods.

Source: April Flowers for redOrbit.com - Your Universe Online

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Largest Genome Ever Sequenced Belongs To Locust Species

Jan. 16, 2014 Researchers from Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BGI and other institutes have successfully decoded the whole genome sequence of Locust (Locusta migratoria), the most widespread locust species. The yielded genome is remarkably big- at 6.5 gigabytes, which is the largest animal genome sequenced so far. The latest study has been published online in the journal Nature Communications.

One surprise from the study is that a single locust can eat its own bodyweight in food in a single day; this is, proportionately, 60 times a human's daily consumption. They are capable of inflicting famine and wiping out livelihoods when they swarms, which can cost countries billions of dollars in lost harvests and eradication efforts.

In this study, researchers sequenced Locusta migratoria using next-gen sequencing technology, totally yielding 721Gb of data, which covered 114 of the 6.3Gb locust genome size. They annotated and predicted about 17,307 gene models, and identified over 2,639 repeat gene families. Moreover, they discovered that the top ten repeat families only represented 10% of the total genome sequences, suggesting that there were no dominant families in the L. migratoria genome.

Compared with other reference insect genomes, researchers found the reason why locust has such large genome is transposable element proliferation combined with slow rates of loss for these elements. According to statistics, repetitive elements constituted 60% of the assembled genome. The transposable element in the Locust genome was expanded when comparing with the other insects. Besides, they also found that the locust genome exhibited the lowest rate of DNA deletions relative to the other insects.

To investigate the potential involvement of epigenetic regulation in locust phase change, researchers performed comparative methylome and transcriptome analysis. One interesting finding was that repetitive elements were highly methylated and introns had higher methylation levels than exons in locust genome. It was also noteworthy that there had changes in genes involved in the regulation of the cytoskeletal microtubular system and in neuronal activity during the onset of phase change in locusts from solitarious to swarm.

As we all know, locust has an most distinguishing feature- the long-distance flight- which enables them can fly at speed of hundreds of kilometers an hour, or even cross the ocean. In this study, researchers found that locust had developed a highly efficient energy supply system by expansion genes in lipid metabolism and detoxification to fulfill the intensive energy consumption during their long-distance flight. The expansion of its gustatory and olfactory receptor gene families is for its strong adaptation to host plant recognition.

To advance the development of new effective insecticides, researchers identified the gene targets for pest control and new insecticides, such as cys-loop ligand-gated ion channels and G-protein-coupled receptors, which are considered to be major traditional insecticide targets, and the repertoire of several biological processes that may serve as mechanistic targets and lead to the development of specific and sustainable pest control methods.

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World's largest animal genome belongs to locust: New insight explains swarming, long-distance migratory behaviors

Subaru Impreza 2.5 STI GENOME

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Flushed your toilet today? One day it #39;ll cost less to sequence your genome, says Salim Ismail
More and more of the world is operating on an exponential dynamic, says Singularity University #39;s Salim Ismail. WIRED 2013 is the third annual event to bring ...

By: Wired UK

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Flushed your toilet today? One day it'll cost less to sequence your genome, says Salim Ismail - Video

San Diego, Calif.-based Illumina says its newest sequencing platform, the HiSeq X Ten, is the first to break the $1,000 barrier for sequencing a humans genetic code. Its a benchmark that many companies have been chasing since the Human Genome Project succeeded in producing the first sequence in 2003 for a mere $3 billion or so. And its a figure that has been seen as one of the key steps on the road to making genome sequencing a cost-effective option for widespread medical use.

This platform was purpose-built to enable large population-scale human genome sequencing, Joel Fellis, an Illumina senior manager of product marketing, said in a phone interview. Theres an explosion in demand [for this sort of thing]; were approached quite frequently by nations and centers looking to take on large-scale projects.

The HiSeq X Ten is 10 HiSeqX machines put together, which together can sequence up to 18,000 human genomes per year, according to Illumina. The company says it can partially sequence five human genomes within a day, and completely sequence 16 human genomes within three days. The genomes are sequenced on a standard called 30X, meaning that every letter of the genetic code is read an average of 30 times. That super-attentive kind of proofreading is essential, according to Fellis.

When you sequence a genome, you want to read each of the bases more than once, Fellis says. Youre looking at how the genome differs from a reference sequence, and to have confidence in that, you need to read everything more than once.

Fellis says that one of the key technical improvements in this new model involves tweaks to the flow cell, a component that looks kind of like a microscope slide, studded with very tiny wells, where thousands of chemical reactions are performed in parallel. There have also been breakthroughs on the chemistry side that allow the machines to perform the reactions much faster.

Ultimately, we think the widespread availability of human genomes is a good thing, Fellis says. It allows you to tie genetic information back to the phenotype. You can imagine, if you want to understand a complex disease like cancer, youd need tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands of sequences.

Illumina isnt quite the first company to make a grab for the $1,000 genome crown. Life Technologies Corp. said in January 2012 that its Ion Proton Sequencer would be achieving that goal within a year. It was scheduled to put that claim to the test last year in the Archon Genomics X Prize, which would have awarded $10 million to a team that could sequence 100 human genomes accurately within 30 days, at the cost of $1,000 per sequence. But the contest was canceled last August when organizers said innovation was already outpacing the aims of the contest indeed, the original rules laid out in 2006 set a cost goal of $10,000 per genome, which organizers revised in 2011 after seeing prices drop in the field.

Also, theres a little bit of fine print when it comes to Illuminas $1,000 cost breakdown. Nature points out that the CEO Jay Flatleys $1,000-per-genome price pitch included the cost of the chemical reagents needed to run the machine, a portion of the initial price tag for the system (around $10 million), and pay for technicians who prepare samples and run the machines. But theres some other overhead costs outside of that figure, such as the electricity used to keep the sequencers humming.

It's a good deal if you can play in this game, Chad Nusbaum, co-director of sequencing efforts at The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard (which, along with Seoul, Korea-based genomic services company Macrogen and the Garvan Institute of Medical Research in Australia, is one of the first three HiSeq X Ten customers), told Nature. It's like the high-stakes poker table: if you're playing $200 a chip, people who can't afford those chips don't care.

If you dont have $10 million to spare but still have a lot of genomes to sequence, you may be interested in Illuminas other new product, the NextSeq 500. The desktop-sized sequencer can deliver one genome within a day, and it runs for a cool $250,000.

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Illumina Says New DNA Sequencer Delivers A Human Genome For $1000

Sam interns at Genome Compiler biotech startup in Tel Aviv
Sam wanted to explore Israeli society while gaining work experience. He landed an internship at a biotechnology software startup in the heart of Tel Aviv. He...

By: Masa Israel

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Sam interns at Genome Compiler biotech startup in Tel Aviv - Video

Tel Aviv Biotech Start-Up | Sam, Genome Compiler
Get more here: http://careerisrael.com/internships/business-and-marketing-analyst-genome-compiler/

By: CareerIsrael

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Tel Aviv Biotech Start-Up | Sam, Genome Compiler - Video