Category Archives: Genome

Jan. 24, 2014 Lal Teer Livestock Limited, an associate of LalTeer Seed Ltd., the largest seed company in Bangladesh with strong hybrid research program, and BGI, the world's largest genomics organization, jointly announced today that they have completed the genome sequencing of water buffalo and the bioinformatics analysis. The outstanding work lays an important foundation for molecular breeding of water buffalo, and sheds new light on the understanding of its origin and domestication process.

Buffalo is known as "Black Gold" due to its contribution to economy, which is being reared as milk, meat, hide and bone sources all over the world. In particular, it could provide more than 5% of the world's milk supply and 20% to 30% of the farm power in Southeast Asia. Considering the importance of buffalo and realizing the need of genomic research for its improvement, Lal Teer Livestock took a great effort for "The Whole Genome Sequencing of Water Buffalo" in collaboration with BGI since March 2012.

The joint efforts yielded a high-quality water buffalo genome with the size of about 2.77Gb, slightly smaller than human genome. There are 21,550 protein coding genes found in total. Researchers compared buffalo genome with other mammals', such as cattle, horse, panda, pig, and dog for discovering more genetic characteristics of water buffalo and providing guidance for its breeding and industrial transformation.

"We are pleased to form partnership with Lal Teer Livestock to decode this important animal, " said, Professor Jian Wang, President of BGI, "BGI is dedicated to using genomics technology to benefit human beings, and we have contributed to the sequencing of many critical crops and livestock including rice, maize, soybean, potato, pigeonpea, pig and sheep. BGI is continuing to make more progress for facing the challenges on food shortage and safety, as well contribute to the development and wellbeing of local society."

"With the joined forces with BGI, we are excited to successfully complete the task of sequencing water buffalo." stated Mr. Tafsir Mohammed Awal, Director of Lal Teer, "This will now lay the foundation of ensuring nutrition and food security in Bangladesh and other developing countries."

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Sequence of water buffalo completed

Leroy Hood: Systems Biology and the Genome: Changing Science, Industry, and Society
Life, a Nobel Story April 28th, 2004, Brussels, Belgium http://comdig.unam.mx/webcasts/Life/

By: cxdig

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Leroy Hood: Systems Biology and the Genome: Changing Science, Industry, and Society - Video

Genetic Counselors in a Genome World
Kelly Ormond, M.S., C.G.C. was involved in prenatal genetic counseling; coordinated a population-based carrier screening program for cystic fibrosis and dise...

By: Mayo Clinic

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Genetic Counselors in a Genome World - Video

Human Genomics a Decade After the Human Genome Project Opportunities and Challenges
Eric Green, M.D., Ph.D. is director of the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), a position he has hel...

By: Mayo Clinic

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Human Genomics a Decade After the Human Genome Project Opportunities and Challenges - Video

Subaru Outback 2.5 exhaust Genome STI

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Subaru Outback 2.5 exhaust Genome STI - Video

Scientists have sequenced the genome of Necator americanus, the parasite behind around 85 per cent of human hookworm infections, giving them an unprecedented insight into the worm's biology that could help accelerate the development of drugs, diagnostics and vaccines against it.

They also used the sequence of the hookworm genome to identify possible targets for drugs and vaccines, publishing their findings in Nature Genetics this week (19 January).

Hookworms are responsible for neglected tropical diseases that affect 700 million people in poor communities. Infection with N. americanus leads to anaemia, malnutrition in pregnant women and impairment of children's cognitive and physical development.

With treatment failure due to drug resistance already becoming a challenge for current anti-hookworm therapies, new interventions are needed, the paper says.

But the lack of the parasite's complete genetic sequence has hampered the hunt for new approaches, scientists say.

One example is a family of proteins known as SCP/TAP, which are involved in host-parasite interactions.

They "have been studied as potential candidates for developing treatments" says Makedonka Mitreva, corresponding author from The Genome Institute at Washington University, United States.

"However, the full complement and the complexity of their gene family was not known."

The study identified 96 of these proteins specific to N. americanus, which could be potential drug or vaccine targets.

Stefan Geiger, an immunologist at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil, welcomes the study.

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Africa: Hookworm Genome Sequence Helps Identify Drug Candidates

1-19-14 Sermon: "The Genome Call" - Isaiah 49:1-7
"The Genome Call" Isaiah 49:1-7 Rev. J. Richard Barham Senior Pastor Spirit of the Cross Church Huntsville, Alabama http://www.spiritofthecross.org.

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1-19-14 Sermon: "The Genome Call" - Isaiah 49:1-7 - Video

The genome of the hot pepper, the worlds most widely grown spice crop, has been sequenced by a large international team of researchers, including scientists at the University of California, Davis.

The new reference genome sheds light on the biology of the peppers hallmark pungency, or spiciness, as well as its fruit-ripening and disease-resistance mechanisms.

It also reveals new information crucial for improving the horticultural, nutritional and medicinal qualities of these peppers, whose annual global production has grown more than 40-fold during the past two decades and now exceeds $14.4 billion.

Highlights from the sequencing effort were reported Jan. 19 as an Advanced Online publication of the journal Nature Genetics.

The pepper genome is one of the largest genomes assembled to date, said plant scientist Allen Van Deynze, director of research at UC Davis Seed Biotechnology Center and a co-author on the study.

The quality of this genome assembly and linkage to the high-density genetic map for peppers makes the genes and genome immediately available to the genetics community, he said.

Hot peppers, one of the oldest domesticated crops in the Western Hemisphere, are members of the Solanaceae plant family and thus cousins to an extensive group of plants including potato, tomato, eggplant, petunia and tobacco. The hot-pepper plants are popular ornamentals and produce fruits that are major vegetables in most global cuisines, as well as rich sources of vitamins and nutrients, pharmaceuticals, natural coloring agents, cosmetics and defense repellants.

The researchers sequenced a hot pepper landrace, or domesticated variety, from the Mexican state of Morelos. The variety, known as Criolo de Morelos 334, has consistently exhibited high levels of disease resistance and has been extensively used in hot-pepper research and breeding. The research team also provided sequencing data for the Perennial and Dempsey cultivated pepper varieties and for the related habanero pepper species (Capsicum chinense.)

Not surprisingly, the new sequencing project revealed that blocks of genes appear in much the same chromosomal position in the hot pepper as in its closest relative, the tomato. The pepper genome, however, was found to be 3.5-fold larger than the tomato genome.

The sequencing also uncovered evidence suggesting that the pungency, or heat, of the hot pepper originated through the evolution of new genes by duplication of existing genes and changes in gene expression after the peppers evolved into species.

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Genome sequencing reveals what puts the ‘heat’ in hot peppers

[Illinois] Phys550 Lecture 27: Genome Engineering and Synthetic Cell
For more information, visit http://nanohub.org/resources/20050.

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[Illinois] Phys550 Lecture 27: Genome Engineering and Synthetic Cell - Video

Scientists say they have unravelled the genome of the hookworm, paving the way for better remedies against the disease-causing parasite that infects about 700 million people.

An international team of researchers identified genes that help the hookworm invade its host, evade the body's immune defences, and feed undisturbed on human blood for up to a decade.

'Our findings provide information on molecules that are essential for the worm's survival, therefore making them potential candidates for development of therapeutics to combat hookworm infections,' said study co-author Makedonka Mitreva of the Washington University School of Medicine.

The hookworm Necator americanus is the predominant soil-dwelling human parasite.

Adult worms feed on blood in the small intestine, causing iron deficiency, malnutrition, stunting in children, and pregnancy complications.

They infect mainly people in disadvantaged communities in tropical and subtropical regions.

The life cycle starts with the hatching of eggs in the stool of infected people, which hatch as larvae in soil, and reinfect humans by skin penetration, according to the study published in Nature Genetics.

Adult worms of about one centimetre long can drink 30 microlitres (a millionth of a litre) of blood per day, and survive in its human host for 10 years.

A female worm can lay up to 10,000 eggs per day.

'New methods to control hookworm disease are urgently needed,' said the authors.

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Hookworm genome could help