Category Archives: Genetic Engineering

Three researchers have prepared a delightful concoction: equal parts plant science, cultural history and recipe book. The result is Botany at the Bar, an introduction to the fascinating world of bitters, complete with recipes for all manner of cocktails and elixers, prepared with the help of a mixologist. The three authors Selena Ahmed, an associate professor of sustainable food systems at Montana State University; Rachel Meyer, an assistant professor in ecology and evolutionary biology at UC Santa Cruz; and Ashley DuVal, a plant breeder who works on tropical tree cropsformed a company in 2011 called Shoots and Roots Bitters. They answered questions from Mind Matters editor Gareth Cook, and were gracious enough to share a specialty cocktail for Thanksgiving.

How did you get the idea of combining botany with craft cocktails?

AHMED: Our integration of botany and cocktails started when we were all graduate students through the New York Botanical Garden with fellowships and grants that emphasized broader impacts of science for society. As ethnobotanists who have carried out fieldwork in diverse communities around the world, we have encountered plants with fascinating attributes and cultural histories whose aromas and tastes captivate us.

I had just gotten back from Yunnan province of China where I had been studying biodiversity associated with tea production and consumption systems along ancient trade routes. Rachel had also been studying the origin and domestication of eggplants in this region. Ashley was examining diversity and management around acai in the Amazon. We were geeking out about some of the plants we had tasted such as nuo mi xiang cha. This plant is found around home gardens in Xishuangbanna prefecture of Yunnan and extracted and consumed as a tonic. It has a unique aroma reminiscent of sticky rice. We decided to collaborate on sharing samples of nuo mi xiang cha and others from our fieldwork as part of a research talk. This is when we tapped into our phytochemical lab protocols with the botanical infusion practices that we had seen in the field to make bitters that optimally bring out flavor and other plant compounds.

DUVAL: Presenting botanical research through drinks also created a forum for conversation. We learned even more about the plants from anecdotes that others shared with us. I remember a cocktail we made of goji berries and tartary buckwheat was found to be pleasant and reminiscent of home to a Nepalese couple; they described in detail the mouth feel and throat tickle from the goji berry infusion as an indicator of quality.

What do you mean by bitters?

DUVAL: Broadly defined, botanical bitters are infusions or extracts of plants that pull out their medicinal and flavor properties into a liquid. Most often, bitters are prepared by infusing botanical material in a fermented alcohol base including grain alcohol, fruit wine, or beer. This process serves to extract, concentrate and preserve the desired plant properties. Bitters can also be prepared by infusing plant material in nonalcoholic liquids such as water, as in the case of tea and tisanes as well as vinegar and fat.

People have been preparing bitters for thousands of years using plants from their surroundings for multiple purposes, and the infusions of plants in alcohol follows shortly after the innovation of fermentation arising in different parts of the world. Historically, bitters primarily had a medicinal function and evolved into key ingredients of cocktails. Although it has been used for over a thousand years, the term bitters is considered to have become popularized in its current meaning almost 300 years ago in England during the reign of King George II to market medicinal alcoholic products in response to government liquor taxes. Apparently, bitter herbs were added to liquor and sold as medicine as a way to escape taxation.

MEYER: Bitters serve a multifunctional role. Orally, they are taken for medicinal purposes including to aid in digestion, boost immunity, strengthen the body, for energy and for prevention of disease. Bitters also have an important social function in many cultures including for celebrating marriages and other life transitions. Bitters continue to play an important ritual function in many traditional communities. Traveling between villages in Togo, it was customary to stop and share bitters made from local herbs, along with local water, as a way to get acquainted with the area and culture, while they also provided a dose of restorative phytochemicals and hydration after the journey.

Can you tell me a bit about the bitters tradition in the United States?

DUVAL: In the U.S., everyone is most familiar with Angostura as a key ingredient for their Manhattan or Pink Gin. What people often dont realize is that Angostura, the oldest bitters brand in the United States, is also rooted in traditional knowledge, ethnobotany and herbal medicine. A German doctor, Johann Siegert from

Simn Bolvars army, was stationed in Venezuela in the 1820s, and developed a blend of local herbs he called amargo aromatico to improve appetite, digestion and other ailments the sailors and soldiers were afflicted with. The rest is history, but the contribution of local healers familiar with the medicinal plants of the region was not acknowledged in the development of the remedy. Of course this oversight was not uncommon for that timebut today we recognize the obligation we share to value traditional knowledge, and that this associated knowledge is important and vulnerable just like the plants.

Many of the bitter liquors that we are familiar with todayabsinthe, Chartreuse, Campari and Jgermeisterstarted out as patented medicines. Stoughtons elixir, created in 1712, were among the first medicines in England to receive a British royal patent and eventually became a successful British export to the American colonies. After the American Independence, local distillers in Boston and other cities began producing local versions of bitters and elixirs previously imported from Europe. Lash's Bitters Company was one of the successful bitters companies in the United States during the 20th and early 21st century that show the evolving use of bitters from a medicine to an alcoholic beverage. Early ads in 1901 show a little boy needing to use the chamber pot, promoting its use for digestion and constipation, but an ad in the 1920s suggests its use as a night cap.

AHMED: I live in Bozeman, Mont. The whole landscape is rife with medicinal and bitter plants with unique flavors such as bitter root, camas, chokecherries, service berries, huckleberries, wild rose, ponderosa pine and Rocky Mountain juniper. Native American communities have been making infusions of many of these plants for centuries both as a well-being practice and for purifying the spirit. The bitters tradition in the United States is a juxtaposition of this long use of botanicals by Native American communities along with the assimilation of people from around the world who have made this their home.

When you look at someone sipping on a drink today, what parallels do you see to someone, say, 1,000 years ago, sipping on a bitters concoction?

DUVAL: Sometimes it is more than a parallel; often we are actually enjoying the same beverages. Many of the worlds earliest bitters and botanical infusions are still widely consumed today or enjoying a revival. Mead, a spiced beverage from fermented honey and water, and the mulled apple cider we enjoy around the holidays connect us to the very first documented uses of wine, which were spiced with herbs as medicine or preservatives. There is also an enormous revival of interest in tonics for health, and options for beverage bars such as kava bars that dont serve alcohol but still offer the social ritual experience.

AHMED: Many of the plants are the same as well as their functionality. For example, Chinese materia medicas from 1,5002,000 years ago include hundreds of plants in which dozens are used in drinks today such as great yellow gentian, ginseng and cinnamon bark. There are hundreds of gentian species, with the root of Gentiana lutea being a key ingredient of apritifs, bitters, liqueurs and tonics to this day. Gentians have long been used for treating and preventing digestive issues. We see these overlaps of plants used past and present in regions around the world. For example, hops, American ginseng and wild black cherry were common plants used by several Native American groups and are found as ingredients of bitters today.

Would you be so kind as to suggest a cocktail for a Thanksgiving Day?

MEYER: Thanksgiving may first bring to mind turkey. As enthusiasts of domestication history, we love that many places where early turkey domestication took place displayed concurrent agave domestication. This spans Veracruz and Jalisco to Arizona. But to many who have to prepare a Thanksgiving meal, they might first think of the stress of handling cooking, family politics and everyones entertainment, so lets make a boozy drink with lots of Agavaceae species that also provides those gracious overworked hosts with some nutrition and a dose of antianxiety, endurance-boosting adaptogens that will kick in immediately.

This cocktail, which we developed with the mixologist Christian Schaal, features chestnuts as part of a chestnut pepita orgeat. In the U.S., only those of us living in the Pacific Northwest might be able to access the American chestnut (Castanea dentata), a towering tree that used to be widespread but was wiped out by a disease. Now, after decades of work spearheaded by William Powell at State University of New York, the American chestnut has just become the first GMO tree to be approved for release, just this year, and its expected to replenish our forests and orchards. We find this is one of the most beautiful examples of genetic engineering to de-extinct species and restore ecosystems.

Cocktail name: The good genePreparation time: 1 hourDrinks: infusions are enough for >10 drinks and can be saved, refrigerated, for up to two weeksIngredients:Ingredients for infusing350 mg of powdered Rhodiola (Rhodiola rosea)this plant is stress-fighting adaptogen becoming popular in the natural products industry and as a new crop in arctic areas facing climate change. Its rosavin and salidroside contribute to the functionality of the drink. This arctic species is common to find as a ground root powder that can be consumed as a tisane or in capsules. For this drink, we just broke open two gel capsules.1/8 tsp cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) an Indonesian tree brought to Mexico by the Spanish1/2 cup, or about 10 chestnuts (Castanea sppthere are six species to choose from, and soon maybe youll have the American chestnut available to make this drink!) cup pepitas (Styrian pumpkin seeds, Cucurbita pepo) green seeds that have no hull, descended from a pumpkin with a special mutation that was discovered in Austria. Pumpkins of this species originated in mesoamerica (along with turkeys and agaves).Pinch of salt1 pint of sugar1 pint of water3 oz tequila (Agave tequilana) a bright, likely familiar, nectar-like spirit from JaliscoEquipment: blender, fine mesh strainer, cup, spoonFor the rest of the drink1 oz mezcal per drink (Agave spp)an oft smoky, complex spirit made from one to several of over 30 agave species0.5 oz sotol per drink (Dasylirion spp)a grassy, earthy spirit made from species in a genus related to Agave0.5 oz lime juice, lime peel for garnishIceEquipment: Shaker, fine mesh strainer, coup glass

Prepare the infused tequila: Mix tequila, cinnamon, and rhodiola in a cup, let sit for 45 minutes, strain to retain liquid. During that infusing time, you can prepare the orgeat.

Prepare the orgeat: Make a simple syrup by boiling 1 pint of water and 1 pint of sugar. Refrigerate to cool. With a paring knife, score an X on the round side of the chestnuts, soak chestnuts in water for 1 minute, lay scored side up on a baking tray, and bake at 400 degrees F for 20 minutes or until cooked through. Peel the chestnuts immediately. Dont worry about the papery layer between the seed and the shell. Toast the pepitas on the stove or in the oven until fragrant. Put the chestnuts, pepitas, simple syrup, and a pinch of salt in the blender and blend until fully homogenized. Let rest 15 minutes, strain to retain the liquid.

To prepare one cocktail: Add 0.75 oz orgeat, 0.5 oz lime juice, 0.25 oz infused tequila, 1 oz mezcal, and 0.5 oz sotol to a shaker with ice, shake, and pour over the fine mesh strainer into a coup glass. Garnish with a lime peel on the glass rim.

Continued here:
Botany at the Bar - Scientific American

The new report has been added to Reportocean.coms offering. For more info click here @https://www.reportocean.com/industry-verticals/details?report_id=4575

This ready to use report offers you detailed insight into the global genetic engineering industry with market size, in value terms, estimated at USD million/billion for the period. It also provides the projected growth rate for the next 56 years along with forecast market value. The study includes estimation of market size, detailed profile of products/services, SWOT of manufacturers/providers, their strategies, and recent developments in the industry. In brief the Global Genetic Engineering Market 2019 research report by Report Ocean offers industry data, trends, qualitative information, and competitive landscape, not easily accessible, and culled from multiple sources so that it acts as a ready recknor for you. The report is in-depth, authentic, exhaustive and very exclusive.

Takeaways from the Report:

You will learn about the market drivers for the projected period

You will get to know about the headwinds hampering the market growth

You will be exposed to the segment-region-wise analysis of major geographical areas, viz, North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and the rest

You will know the market size at the country level

You will get detailed insight into the strategic and actual happenings of the key players in the genetic engineering industry, including research and developments, collaboration, working partnership, and other acts, product launches, etc.

You will be provided details of various segments

You will also be enlightened about the value and supply chain analysis of the market

Parameters for the Study:

The exhaustive study has been prepared painstakingly by considering all possible parameters. Some of these were

Consumers options and preferences

Consumer spending dynamics and trends

Market driving trends

Projected opportunities

Perceived challenges and constraints

Technological environment and facilitators

Government regulations

Other developments

Research Methodology:

While preparing the study of global genetic engineering market for the reference year, we took recourse to collect qualitative and quantitative information based on primary sources (nearly 80% weightage) through personal interactions, and secondary research, along with consultation with industry level professionals and experts. Historical trends and current market estimates were arrived at and analyzed to predict the likely direction in which the market will move in the next 56 years.

The report also studies the varying trends of diverse segments and subcategories, presented geographically, based on primary and secondary research. These are cross-checked by interviewing the key level decision-makers, such as CEOs, VPs, Directors, etc. of the relevant companies at the top and mid-size segments; this leads to gaining of more profound insights into the market and industry performance, which in turn authenticates and substantiates the findings.

Secondary research mainly focused on identifying, collecting, collating, and analyzing information needed for an extensive, market-oriented, commercial, and client-friendly study of the genetic engineering market. This result also led to generating information about the major players, market classification, and segmentation according to the industry trends, geographic locations, and technological developments related to the market. Our team of field force and deck-based researchers gathered information from various credible sources such as annual reports of the companies, filings with regulatory agencies, journals, white paper, corporate presentations, company websites, paid database, and many more. In addition to sources like Hoovers, Factiva, Bloomberg, Report Linker, we used our in-house database to generate a very very trustworthy report.

We followed, concurrently, both the Bottom-Up approach and Top-Down approach. Under the former, we assessed the market size of individual markets by performing primaries and secondaries of major countries which hold around 7580% of the regional market share. Then we extrapolated the same to derive the projected size of any specific region such as Americas, Europe, Asia-Pacific, etc. Under the latter approach, first, we estimated the size of the global market and then broke it down at specific country level. After performing both the processes, we invoke gap analysis, where we identify the deviation/differences in market size at the country, regional, and global level. Then through having relook at data sources, data, and analytics we rework on the report so that no gap remained. Ultimately both the approaches should yield the same output

The report, in short, is very rigorously prepared and is as authentic and reliable as it can be.

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Summary

Global Genetic Engineering Market to reach USD XX billion by 2025.

Global Genetic Engineering Market valued approximately USD XX billion in 2017 is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than XX% over the forecast period 2018-2025. The major driving factor of global Genetic Engineering market are surging utility of technologies such as CRISPR, Talen & ZNF and rising focus on innovation in Gene Therapy in Genetic Engineering. In addition, increasing funding for research and development of medical products is the some other driving factor that drives the market. However, one of the major restraining factors of Genetic Engineering market is high amount of investment. Genetic engineering is also known as genetic modification or genetic manipulation. It is the direct manipulation of an organisms genes using biotechnology. It is a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms. Genetic engineering allows of plant or animals to be modified so their maturity can occur at a quicker pace. Genetic modification can also help to create resistance to common forms of forms of organism death. Genetic engineering can also change the traits of plants or animals so that they produce greater yield per plant. Any genetic mutation caused by environmental mutagens may also be corrected through genetic engineering.

The regional analysis of Global Genetic Engineering Market is considered for the key regions such as Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, Latin America and Rest of the World. North America has dominate the market of total generating revenue with 40% across the globe in 2016 due to increasing use of genetic engineering for use of gene therapy, high incidence of cancer and increasing awareness for the use of stem cells. Europe is also contributing second largest major share in the global market of Genetic Engineering. Asia-Pacific ..continue..

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Recent Market Report on Global Genetic Engineering Market is slated to grow rapidly in the coming years - TheFinanceTime

DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)--The "Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast 2018-2026" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

Global Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market: Overview

This report analyzes the current and future scenario of the global recombinant plasma protein therapeutics market. Rise in focus on the treatment of rare diseases, increase in the number of cases with hemophilia A & hemophilia B, and surge in awareness about diagnosis and treatment of hemophilia and other bleeding disorders are major factors that are anticipated to drive the market during the forecast period. Moreover, increase in the number of healthcare providers prescribing recombinant plasma protein therapies for hemophilia A and rapid adoption of genetic engineering technologies in healthcare for the development of new therapeutics are also estimated to fuel the market during the forecast period.

The global recombinant plasma protein therapeutics market report comprises an elaborate executive summary, which includes a snapshot that provides information about various segments of the market. It also provides information and data analysis of the global market with respect to the segments based on drug class, cell line, indication, and region. A detailed qualitative analysis of drivers and restraints of the market, and opportunities has been provided in the overview section. Additionally, the section comprises competitive matrix and company profiles along with business overview to understand the competitive landscape in the market. This section of the report also provides market attractiveness analysis by region and market share analysis by key players, thereby presenting a thorough analysis of the overall competitive scenario in the global recombinant plasma protein therapeutics market.

New product launch and FDA approvals are also important factors that are expected to boost the market across the globe. For instance, in April 2018, Shire received FDA approval for VONVENDI recombinant von Willebrand factor indicated for perioperative management of bleeding in patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD)

Key Topics Covered:

1. Preface

1.1. Market Definition and Scope

1.2. Market Segmentation

1.3. Key Research Objectives

1.4. Research Highlights

2. Assumptions and Research Methodology

3. Executive Summary : Global Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market

4. Market Overview

4.1. Introduction

4.1.1. Product Definition

4.1.2. Industry Evolution/Developments

4.2. Overview

4.3. Market Dynamics

4.3.1. Drivers

4.3.2. Restraints

4.3.3. Opportunities

4.4. Global Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Analysis and Forecast, 2016-2026

5. Key Insights

5.1. New Product Launch and Regulatory Approvals

5.2. Key Mergers & Acquisitions

5.3. Regulatory Scenario by Region/Country

6. Global Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Analysis and Forecast, by Drug Class

6.1. Introduction & Definition

6.2. Key Findings/Developments

6.3. Global Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Value Forecast, by Drug Class, 2016-2026

6.4. Global Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Attractiveness, by Drug Class

7. Global Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Analysis and Forecast, by Cell Line

7.1. Introduction & Definition

7.2. Key Findings/Developments

7.3. Global Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Value Forecast, by Cell Line, 2016-2026

7.4. Global Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Attractiveness, by Cell Line

8. Global Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Analysis and Forecast, by Indication

8.1. Introduction & Definition

8.2. Key Findings/Developments

8.3. Global Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Value Forecast, by Indication, 2016-2026

8.4. Global Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Attractiveness, by Indication

9. Global Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Analysis and Forecast, by Region

9.1. Key Findings

9.2. Global Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Value Forecast, by Region

9.3. Global Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Attractiveness, by Region

10. North America Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Analysis and Forecast

10.1. Introduction

10.2. North America Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Value Forecast, by Drug Class, 2016-2026

10.3. North America Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Value Forecast, by Cell Line, 2016-2026

10.4. North America Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Value Forecast, by Indication, 2016-2026

10.5. North America Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Value Forecast, by Country, 2016-2026

10.6. North America Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Attractiveness Analysis

11. Europe Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Analysis and Forecast

11.1. Introduction

11.1.1. Key Findings

11.2. Europe Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Value Forecast, by Drug Class, 2016-2026

11.3. Europe Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Value Forecast, by Cell Line, 2016-2026

11.4. Europe Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Value Forecast, by Indication, 2016-2026

11.5. Europe Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Value Forecast, by Country/Sub-region, 2016-2026

11.6. Europe Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Attractiveness Analysis

12. Asia Pacific Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Analysis and Forecast

12.1. Introduction

12.2. Asia Pacific Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Value Forecast, by Drug Class, 2016-2026

12.3. Asia Pacific Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Value Forecast, by Cell Line, 2016-2026

12.4. Asia Pacific Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Value Forecast, by Indication, 2016-2026

12.5. Asia Pacific Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Value Forecast, by Country/Sub-region, 2016-2026

12.6. Asia Pacific Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Attractiveness Analysis

13. Latin America Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Analysis and Forecast

13.1. Introduction

13.2. Latin America Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Value Forecast, by Drug Class, 2016-2026

13.3. Latin America Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Value Forecast, by Cell Line, 2016-2026

13.4. Latin America Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Value Forecast, by Indication, 2016-2026

13.5. Latin America Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Value Forecast, by Country/Sub-region, 2016-2026

13.6. Latin America Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Attractiveness Analysis

14. Middle East & Africa Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Analysis and Forecast

14.1. Introduction

14.2. Middle East & Africa Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Value Forecast, by Drug Class, 2016-2026

14.3. Middle East & Africa Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Value Forecast, by Cell Line, 2016-2026

14.4. Middle East & Africa Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Value Forecast, by Indication, 2016-2026

14.5. Middle East & Africa Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Value Forecast, by Country/Sub-region, 2016-2026

14.6. Middle East & Africa Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market Attractiveness Analysis

15. Competitive Landscape

15.1. Market Player - Competition Matrix (By Tier and Size of companies)

15.2. Market Share Analysis By Company (2016)

15.3. Company Profiles

15.3.1. CSL Limited

15.3.2. Shire (Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited)

15.3.3. Octapharma

15.3.4. Novo Nordisk A/S

15.3.5. Bayer AG

15.3.6. Pfizer Inc.

15.3.7. Bioverativ Therapeutics, Inc. (Sanofi)

15.3.8. Aptevo Therapeutics

15.3.9. Pharming Group NV

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Global Recombinant Plasma Protein Therapeutics Market - Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends & Forecast 2018-2026 -...

The and Regional CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Market report gives a purposeful depiction of the area by the practice for research, amalgamation, and review of data taken from various sources. The market analysts have displayed the different sidelines of the area with a point on recognizing the top players (Caribou Biosciences, Addgene, CRISPR THERAPEUTICS, Merck KGaA, Mirus Bio LLC, Editas Medicine, Takara Bio USA, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Horizon Discovery Group, Intellia Therapeutics, GE Healthcare Dharmacon) of the industry. The and Regional CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes market report correspondingly joins a predefined business market from a SWOT investigation of the real players. Thus, the data summarized out is, no matter how you look at it is, reliable and the result of expansive research.

This report mulls over and Regional CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes showcase on the classification, for instance, application, concords, innovations, income, improvement rate, import, and others (Automotive Industry, Heavy Industry, Machine Tools Industry, Others) in the estimated time from 20192025 on a global stage. In like manner, the overall and Regional CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes market report reveals knowledge identified with the type of product, its applications, customers, prime players, and various components agreeing with the account. This first data demonstrates critical contenders and their definite picture of the general and Regional CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes market. Other than this, the report further demonstrates expected market power, challenges, and prospects in the and Regional CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes market.

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Types Segment:Genome Editing, Genetic engineering, gRNA Database/Gene Librar, CRISPR Plasmid, Human Stem Cells, Genetically Modified Organisms/Crops, Cell Line Engineering

Key Market Features:

The scope of the report extends from market eventualities to a comparative rating between major players, price, and profit of the required market regions. This makes available the holistic view on competitive analysis of the market. Some of the top players involved in the market are profiled completely in a systematic manner. In the end, the report concludes the new project, key development areas, business overview, product/services specification, SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, return analysis and development trends. The study also presents a round-up of vulnerabilities in which companies operating in the market and must be avoided in order to enjoy sustainable growth through the course of the forecast period.

The study provides a comprehensive analysis of the key market factors and their latest trends, along with relevant market segments and sub-segments. Market size is calculable in terms of revenue (USD Million) production volume during the forecast period.

Global and Regional CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Market report provides a valuable source of insightful data for business strategists. It provides the industry overview with growth analysis and historical & futuristic cost, revenue, demand and supply data (as applicable). The research analysts provide an elaborate description of the value chain and its distributor analysis. The report also looks at the influential factors that are affecting the development of the Global Automotive Bumpers Market. This statistical report also offers various internal and external driving as well as restraining factors for this research report.

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Essential application areas of and Regional CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes are also measured on the basis of their performance. Market forecasts along with the statistical nuances presented in the report render an insightful view of the and Regional CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes market. The market study on report studies present as well as coming aspects of the and Regional CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Market mainly based upon factors on which the companies contribute to the market evolution, key trends, and segmentation analysis.

The scope of the report extends from market eventualities to a comparative rating between major players, price, and profit of the required market regions. This makes available the holistic view on competitive analysis of the market. Some of the top players involved in the market are profiled completely in a systematic manner.

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Global and Regional CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Market 2019 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2025 - Daily...

The acceptance of the microbiome diet as a means of achieving gut health among consumers could pave a path for a shift in attitude towards GM food, according to Michael Miille CEO at Joyn Bio.

Proponents of GM food contend that genetic engineering can help us find sustainable ways to feed people. One proponent is the US start-up Joyn Bio, a joint ag-tech venture between synthetic biology company Ginkgo Bioworks and pharma giant Bayer, which was formed in 2017 with a $100 million Series A round coming from its two parent companies.

Joyn Bio is attempting to engineer microbes that can provide plants with biological nitrogen fertilizer, thus decreasing the environmental impact of agriculture.

By engineering microbes it can eliminate the need for synthetic fertilizers, which have boosted crop yields over the past century but in the process have harmed soil health and caused environmental ills. Runoff from excess nitrogen fertilizer into rivers and oceans has created a dead zone of toxic algae in the Gulf of Mexico the size of New Jersey, for example.

Joyn Bio is headquarted in Boston. Its testing facility in California focuses on the genetic modification of the colonies of bacteria that make up crops microbiomes. It can then engineer those microbes to produce specific proteins as possible alternative to chemical fertilizers and other chemicals.

Any product is unlikely to be ready for market before 2020. Neither will any product be offered in Europe, where regulations do not currently permit engineered microbial products as produced by Joyn Bio (its current focus is on offering its solution to growers in the US, Brazil and India).

It believes nevertheless that it offers a potential global solution to the challenges facing the food industry. Its goal is to engineer microbes to reduce the amount of industrial nitrogen fertilizer needed to grow crops like corn, wheat, or rice, to dramatically decrease the water pollution, fossil fuel used and greenhouse gases produced by agriculture today.

"What we were really launched around was nitrogen fixation and recognising the environmental impact both in production and in application of the synthetic nitrogen fertilisers, which is not sustainable, then at the same time trying to come up with a solution,explained Miille.

Growers, he believes, are in desperate need of innovation and additional solutions given all the things they are confronting.Joyn Bio claims it can help farmers increase yield by promoting stronger plants and better nutrient uptake, ultimately contributing to the transformation of agriculture towards a more sustainable future.

How exactly does it all work? Our product would be a microbe that associates with the plant and is delivered as a seed treatment, said Miille.

Image the microbe as a trillion little FedEx trucks running all over the plant delivering cargo, he says. That cargo then takes nitrogen from the air, converts it into the nitrogen that the plant needs, and then gives it to the plant.

Its very similar to what happens in a soy bean plant naturally via evolution, but the soy and wheat plants never did that.

All this can allow a grower to reduce their fertilizer input by 30-40%, thus saving the grower money and allowing them to benefit from an environmental standpoint.

The process could potentially be used to make food more nutritious too. "You could use the microbes to signal the plant to potentially produce more of its nutritious part - there are number of nutrition enhancements that you can engineer. It's not our initial focus because it's a little more challenging but [improved nutrition] is certainly something people are looking at across the whole food spectrum today.

GM foods have something of a toxic legacy with European consumers, however, of which Miille is well aware. His solution to this challenge is simply to be straight with people. The problems of the past came about because companies such as Monsanto failed to be, he said. "Were trying to learn from that. I think its really critical to be transparent with consumers. Well want them to know we have these engineered microbes and here's what they did.

If crops produced via engineered microbes are used to grow something viable then people will accept it, he believes. Take the papaya industry in Hawaii, he noted, which was saved by GMO technology. "The same thing is going to happen with the US chestnut industry. There are going to be more examples of a pest or diseases that will threaten to wipe something out and the solution is biotechnology. And when you can save something when its that dramatic a benefit and you can communicate that to consumers, they get it.

He continued: For those of us on the science, technology and innovation side, the important thing is to understand how critical it is to engage with consumers and be transparent with them. The other side of the equation is to be able to articulate the benefit. If the benefit is that you either have strawberries or you don't, people will get that.

"Another thing in our favour is that peoples opinions and concerns about chemicals are probably at an all-time high.

The growth in popularity of the microbiome diet among consumers is another potential factor in Joyn Bios favour. If consumers now accept that the microbes in our gut play a critical role in overall health, whats not to stop them accepting the importance microbes could potentially have in agriculture?

More people than ever are taking probiotics because it improves gut health, said Miille. The next step is to say to consumers that microbes are part of the solution and all we've really done is taken this microbe and selectively optimised it for its particular purpose. These kind of discussions, he said, will get people to accept that microbes are going to be an integral part of agriculture over the next 20-30 years.

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Microbes 'set to be an integral part of agriculture over the next 20-30 years': Joyn Bio - FoodNavigator.com

Geneticist Kat Arney takes a look at the science of de-extinction, asking whether its feasible or even ethical to bring species back from the past.

In 2003, Spanish researchers used cloning techniques to bring back the recently extinct bucardo (a type of mountain goat), only for the first cloned animal to die within minutes of birth.Other scientists are using genetic engineering techniques to stitch together the genomes of extinct species like passenger pigeons and woolly mammoths with their modern-day relatives.

Could these tools ever be used to bring back the biggest animals of them all, the dinosaurs? And is all this effort really worth it, or should we be focusing on conserving the species we already have on Earth?

Arney also investigates the history of one of the most famous diagrams in biology the Tree Of Life which Charles Darwin famously drew in 1837 to illustrate the evolutionary relationships between species.

Todays trees much more complex, bushy thickets, informed by modern genomics. But all this data brings a new challenge: deciding what counts as a species in the first place.

Full transcript, credits and show notes are available here.

Genetics Unzipped is the podcast from the UK Genetics Society, presented by award-winning science communicator and biologist Kat Arneyand produced byFirst Create the Media.Follow Kat on Twitter@Kat_Arney,Genetics Unzipped@geneticsunzip,and the Genetics Society at@GenSocUK

Listen to Genetics Unzipped onApple Podcasts(iTunes)Google Play,Spotify,orwherever you get your podcasts

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Podcast: From Jurassic Park to woolly mammoths is it right to bring back extinct species? - Genetic Literacy Project

MIT Provost Martin A. Schmidt said sharing the risk among several institutions will not only make possible work that would be difficult for a single institution to tackle, it will also encourage collaboration that accelerates the process of moving discoveries from lab to patient.

MIT researchers are developing innovative approaches to cell and gene therapy, designing new concepts for such biopharmaceutical medicines as well as new processes to manufacture these products and qualify them for clinical use, Schmidt said. A shared facility to de-risk this innovation, including production, will facilitate even stronger collaborations among local universities, hospitals, and companies and ultimately, such a facility can help speed impact and access for patients. MIT appreciates Harvards lead in convening exploration of this opportunity for the Commonwealth.

Richard McCullough, Harvards vice provost for research and professor of materials science and engineering, who also helped lead the project, said although the centers activity will revolve around science and manufacturing, its true focus will be on patients.

The centers overarching goal will be improving patient care, McCullough said. This would occur both by speeding access to the essential, modified cells that patients in clinical trials await, and by fostering discoveries through collaborations within the centers innovation space. The aim is that discoveries result in whole new treatments or improved application of existing treatments to provide relief to a wider universe of patients.

Organized as a private nonprofit, the center will be supported by more than $50 million pledged by its partners. It will be staffed by a team of at least 40, experienced in the latest cell-manufacturing techniques and trained in the use of the latest equipment. Among its goals is disseminating badly needed skills into the Boston life-sciences workforce.

We have to be sure that we are constantly feeding the industry with talented people who know the right things, so personally, I am very excited about education programs, Ligner said. Initiatives like [this center] are essential to advancing the industry because they help organizations build on one anothers advances. For example, the full potential of cell and gene therapies will only be realized if we collaborate to address challenges, such as manufacturing, improving access, accelerating innovation, tackling cost issues, and then sharing our learnings.

The new center emerged from conversations with state officials, including Gov. Charlie Baker and Attorney General Maura Healey, and industry sector leaders about ways to bolster Massachusetts preeminence in life science research and medical innovation. Those conversations sparked a two-year consultation process at the invitation of Garber and Harvard Corporation Senior Fellow Bill Lee, that was coordinated with state officials and included representatives from industry, academia, venture capital, area hospitals, and government.

Cell and gene therapies have the potential to revolutionize the global health system. Recently, in Sweden, the first patient received cell therapy outside of a clinical trial. Its the start of an incredible time in the industry and in human health.

Emmanuel Ligner, president and chief executive of GE Healthcare Life Sciences

Called the Massachusetts Life Sciences Strategies Group, members reached out to regional experts beginning in 2017to discover what fields they considered most important and how best to support them. Cell and gene therapy rose to the top because of the considerable excitement generated by activity already going on, its potential to help patients, and its high potential for future growth and innovation. Also important were the opportunities to spread the high cost of these technologies across multiple institutions and, while so doing, capture the collaborative power of housing each player in the development chain within a single facility.

The centers board of directors will be comprised of Harvard, MIT, and industry partners Fujifilm, Alexandria Real Estate Equities, and GE Healthcare Life Sciences. Other members will include Harvard-affiliated teaching hospitals Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston Childrens Hospital, and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; as well as the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and life-sciences company MilliporeSigma.

When you look at the constellation of players coming together, you really have the best universities and the best teaching hospitals and the best corporate players all supporting it, McGuire said, which I think is a great opportunity.

The facility intends to provide researchers and emerging companies outside the consortium with access to excess material, though organizers said they expect it to be in high demand by center partners.

The centers boost to the areas cell and gene therapy endeavors comes early enough that it should help maintain leadership over places like California and China, which have made clear their interest in life-science research, McGuire said.

I think getting this early mover advantage is going to be huge [in] developing the technology and the know-how and, ultimately, the intellectual property around it, McGuire said.

For Sharpe, the ultimate payoff will come from using cancer immunotherapys checkpoint blockade and other cell and gene therapies to save and improve lives.

We are seeing long-term benefits in some patients whove received checkpoint blockade, Sharpe said. There are patients who are more than a decade out and are melanoma-free. I think that it really has transformed patient care, quality of life, and longevity. So Im optimistic that the more we learn, the more were going to be able to do to help patients.

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Partnership aims to accelerate cell and gene therapy - Harvard Gazette

Certain provisions of both the draft seeds Bill as well as the Pesticide Management Bill need to be amended to prevent MNCs from swamping farmers

Farmers bodies are concerned that the proposed draft Seeds Bill, 2019, and the Pesticide Management Bill could weaken farmers rights and increase corporate control over seed, as the definition of farmer has been tweaked to include traders and corporations. The original definition of farmer excluded any individual, company, trader or dealer, who engages in procurement and sale on commercial basis (non-farmers); Bharatiya Krishak Samaj president Krishan Bir Chaudhary insists this should be retained.

The draft states, Farmer means any person who owns cultivable land or any other category of farmers who are doing the agricultural work as may be notified by the Central/State Governments. It identifies farmer as anyone owning cultivable land under Clause 11, which makes all corporations, who own land, eligible to be classified as farmer, while the new exemptions of Clause 47 spare multinationals from any regulation under the seed law.

The draft Bill introduces new commercial definitions of seed, which facilitate easy market access to multinational corporations rather than conserve our rich biodiversity and guarantee farmers the freedom to save and exchange seeds they have evolved and, thus, ensure availability of high quality, reliable, affordable and ecologically adapted seed for their ecosystem and agro-climatic zone.

The Bill introduces unscientific definitions like national seed variety and state seed variety in Clauses 17 (national seed varieties means those varieties which are cultivated in more than one State) and 31 (State seed varieties mean those which are cultivated in one State only).

Seed is the expression of diversity of traits and agroclimatic zones, where varieties are bred by farmers and to which they are adapted. To describe seeds, not according to traits and agroclimatic zones but as national seed if grown in more than one state and state seed if grown in one state, has no scientific basis. This is a commercial description to facilitate the marketing and the spread of unreliable and costly seeds from MNCs.

Under the 1966 Seed Act, new seeds were evaluated in 22 agroclimatic zones to ensure farmers get quality inputs. Strangely, the 2019 Seed Bill makes evaluation optional: The Committee may, for conducting trials to assess the performance, accredit centres of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, State Agricultural Universities and such other organisations fulfilling the eligibility requirements as may be prescribed to conduct trials to evaluate the performance of any kind or variety of seeds.

The seed Bill should ensure compensation to farmers in case of seed failure. Instead, it leaves farmers to seek compensation for seed failure under the Consumer Act. Liability clauses are meaningless if there is no liability for seed failure. The Consumer Protection Act, 1986, stated that the producer, distributor or vendor of seed of the registered kind or variety shall disclose the expected performance of such kind or variety to the farmer under given conditions and if such seed fails to perform as expected, the farmer could claim compensation from the producer, dealer, distributor or vendor.

The 2019 draft Bill is a Compulsory Seed Certification Bill under which seed producers and seed processing units must be registered [247, 22(1) and (2)]. Article 12 states that farmers shall not be required to register the farmers varieties of seeds in the said register but the deletion of farmers rights in exemption Clause 47 dilutes farmers rights.

Significantly, transgenic seeds are introduced. A new category of synthetic seeds enters the definition of seed in Article 24. Section 44 opens the door for introduction of transgenic varieties cleared by the Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC). Under special provision for registration of transgenic varieties, it states, notwithstanding anything contained in Section 14, no seed of any transgenic variety shall be registered unless the applicant has obtained a clearance in respect of the same as required by or under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986: (29 of 1986).

But the biosafety regulatory agency is a failure. It approved Bt cotton which is failing; it approved Bt brinjal which the Minister overruled; it approved GM mustard even though it has lower yields than indigenous public varieties and is tolerant to the prohibited herbicide, glufosinate. Only a case in the Supreme Court has prevented its commercialisation. Now, the new seed Bill could allow commercialisation of Bt brinjal and herbicide-tolerant mustard.

The Central Seed Committee under the 1966 Act included one person to be nominated by each State Government. The 2019 seed Bill has changed this provision to five representatives chosen by the Centre on a rotational basis. Meanwhile, the Seeds Division, Dept of Agriculture, has asked sellers for Expression of Interest (EOI) for bar-coding seed packets for a national seed traceability system. This must surely wait until Parliament passes the Bill.

Coming to the Pesticide Management Bill (PMB), it must provide for compulsory registration of Technical Grade Pesticides in India, prior to granting registrations for imports or indigenous manufacture of pesticides formulations, which is the prevailing practice in major agricultural nations such as the US, Europe, Brazil, China, Australia and Argentina.

The PMB should not include data protection for agrochemicals/pesticides as such provisions will effectively extend the monopoly enjoyed by multinational corporations, which already have 20-year patent protection under WTO (effective in India from 2005). Additional data protection would mean ever-greening of patents. Data exclusivity in agrochemicals sector will delay entry of generics and make agrochemicals/pesticides unaffordable for Indian farmers. Moreover, the PMB lacks a pesticide schedule. The insecticide schedule is an integral part of the Insecticide Act, 1968, and helps applicants and regulators to decide if registration is required or not.

The PMBs over regulation of exports will adversely affect exports of pesticides, which can earn foreign exchange and boost the indigenous agrochemicals industry. Export orders for pesticide formulations are time-bound, depending upon the agriculture season in different countries and timely delivery is critical else customers will go elsewhere. All importing countries have their own regulations and registration requirements for imports, which each exporter has to fulfill.

Hence, imposing unnecessary data requirements and raising unqualified deficiencies for export-oriented products will only add to costs and delays. Data available in the public domain should be accepted by the registration authority as export orders are country-specific. The Ministry of Agriculture would do well to resolve these issues before proceeding with these legislations.

(The writer is Senior Fellow, Nehru Memorial Museum and Library; the views expressed are personal)

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Seeds of misfortune - Daily Pioneer

Raphael Kim and Stefan Poslad from the Queen Mary University of London have pointed out that bacteria are similar to the internet of things (IoT) devices.

This is owing to the fact that they have an immaculate means of communication and in-built engines and sensors, processing architecture and effective information storage.

After pointing out the similarities between the two, they want to create a biological version of the internet using bacteria.

Escherichia Coli is a specific type of bacteria (amongst other types) that store information in ring-shaped structures similar to DNA. These structures are called plasmids and bacteria transfer these plasmids from one organism to another via a process called conjugation. The reason why scientists prefer using E.Coli is the fact that they are easy to program through genetic engineering.

Previously, Federico Tavella at the University of Padua in Italy along with his colleagues built a circuit in which a Hello World message was transmitted from a strain of immotile (not capable of motion) E.coli to motile strain.

This proof-of-principle experiment concluded that such information transfer in the world of bacteria can be used to create a complex network, therefore, a biological version of the internet.

One of the hurdles faced by scientists in creating a network using bacteria is the lack of a mechanism similar to GPS. This makes it difficult for researchers to track them and the information sent by them.

According to Kim and Poslad, Such challenges offer a rich area for discussion on the wider implication of bacteria driven Internet of Things systems.

While the project is far away from fruition, the idea and work being done to achieve is commendable. Nevertheless, a network created entirely by bacteria would be an interesting innovation in the world of science and tech, if at all possible.

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Researchers Want To Create Biological Version Of Internet Using Bacteria - Fossbytes

STRIKES, protests, petitions and demonstrations have been a staple of political life for many generations. Ahead of next month's General Election, we take a look back at a handful of causes that have had Dorset residents up in arms over the past few decades.

One of the more unusual topics that sparked fury amongst local people was the prospect of an ostrich farm taking up residence in West Stafford. In the late-1990s, campaigners positioned themselves outside the entrances of Tesco and Waitrose as well as the offices of the West Dorset District Council, urging both the public and authorities to reconsider the plans.

Local members of the vegetarian group VIVA - which now promotes a vegan lifestyle - also demonstrated to raise awareness of the growing trend among supermarkets to shop exotic meats. Neal Buckoke, spokesperson for the campaign group, was reported saying: "You can now buy ostrich, kangaroo and buffalo meat in superstores, and we want to stop the practice now. It is not natural for these animals to be farmed, and we have got to call a halt to the sale of exotic meat before it gets too big and too many animals suffer."

The protests were eventually successful and plans for the West Stafford ostrich farm were abandoned.

Although unparalleled in their scope, the aims of today's Extinction Rebellion are far from new. Friends of the Earth, an environmental campaign group that continues to work in 74 countries around the world, has certainly made its voice heard in Dorset throughout the decades.

A key protest of 1999 was against the production and sale of genetically modified food - or GMOs - a practice which involved altering the DNA of plant and animal products through genetic engineering. Photographs show members of the campaign group protesting outside Tesco in Dorchester, armed with placards reading "60% of Tesco's customers say NO!"

Acting chairman of South Dorset Friends of the Earth, Matt Pullman, was quoted saying: "It's time for Tesco to listen to public opinion and join the great majority of responsible food retailers in removing GM ingredients from their own products."

Members also gathered in Bridport's Bucky Doo Square, accompanied by a 'gene beast' which epitomised their fears of genetically modified food. Yet these protests ultimately failed: although public concerns about the practice remain, GM foods are continued to be produced and sold.

Recent decades have also seen South Dorset Friends of the Earth protesting against power stations, climate change, and even the use of cars.

Turning to more political qualms, members of the National and Local Government Officers' Association (NALGO) held a UK-wide strike in 1989. Workers were protesting against changes to their pay which would mean a rise not in line with inflation and the loss of negotiating rights. NALGO were instead calling for a 12% pay rise with no strings attached.

More than 90% of workers in England and Wales supported the strike action, which almost brought local government services to a complete standstill.

In 1993, NALGO was one of three unions which combined to become UNISON and went on to lead strike action in Dorset throughout the 1990s. In 1995, care workers gathered outside the County Hall in Dorchester, protesting against a proposed 12.5 per cent cut in their wages. Placards read: "Why target the lowest paid?" and "Who cares for the caring?"

Now the largest trade union in the UK - with almost 1.4 million members - UNISON was also established from the National Union of Public Employees (NUPE) and the Confederation of Health Service Employees (COHSE).

Young people have similarly been voicing their concerns over the decades, taking to the streets in 1997 to protest against the 100,000 cut in the county's budget for youth clubs. Teenagers from across Dorset equipped themselves with placards, whistles and megaphones, speaking out against the 13% cut which Dorset County Council said had been necessary to fund local government reorganisation.

A 16-year-old member of Sturminster Newton Youth Club, Sarah Sandall, was reported saying: "These cuts mean our youth clubs have to close for up to three months of the year." The youngsters also led a petition demanding that the budget be restored to its former level, and distributed badges emblazoned with "don't cut our future."

Ahead of the general election in 1997, petitions circulated areas of the county on issues both big and small. In Weymouth, residents campaigned to prevent a Conservative government adding VAT to food, as part of a nationwide petition. Labour Party agent for South Dorset, Gareth Thomas, was reported saying that the Tories had gone on record announcing they would extend indirect taxation, while Labour would strongly oppose any plans to introduce VAT on food.

Currently, only certain items such as chocolate biscuits, crisps and fruit juice are subject to a 20% tax rate, while most others are tax-free.

These days, many petitions calling for political and social change are organised online and can attract widespread publicity. As of March 2019, the most popular petition - with 6.1 million signatures - called for the revocation of Article 50.

Under the Human Rights Law, everyone has the right to freedom of expression and therefore the right to protest peacefully. Peaceful protests, along with strikes and demonstrations, can be an effective campaigning tool, raising awareness of an issue and increasing visibility of a movement or organisation.

It is only if protests become violent, threatening national security or public safety, that they can be considered unlawful, and lead to police involvement and arrests.

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Ostrich farms and other causes that got residents up in arms - Dorset Echo