Category Archives: Futurism

In Brief Last year, Elon Musk announced his intent to dig tunnels as a way to address traffic congestion in cities. Today, we got a brief glimpse into how The Boring Company is progressing. A Boring New Project

Last year, Elon Musk announcedvia Twitter his intention to build a tunnel boring machine and just start digging as a way to avoid traffic. He later shareda clever name for the initiative The Boring Company and though information is still scarce, the project does seem to be coming along nicely.

It now has a websitewitha futuristic concept video, and this week, what appears to be massive, branded proof of the Boring Companys first drilling machine hit the internet.The image should go a long way toward alleviating lingering doubts that The Boring Company is anything more than a billionaires idea of a joke or a cover-up for Musk to work on a Hyperloop in secret.

When Musk spoke on the concept of tunneling at the Hyperloop Pod Competitions first phase in 2016, he called it a really simple and obvious idea. He laterexplained to Bloombergthat he considers it a more practical solutionto traffic congestion than airborne vehicles, which would require more infrastructure and regulatory approval though those obstacles arent stoping companies like Uber and E-Volofrom pursuing the tech.

While it may not be as cool as SpaceXs plans to colonizeMars, Teslas tech to power self-driving cars, or Neuralinks goal ofmerging our brains with machines,you cant deny what a simple hole in the ground could do to manage vehicle congestion in urban areas.

Given Musks track record when it comes to introducing practical innovations built on remarkable tech, it certainly looks like it wont be long before Musks Boring Company starts creating as much buzz as any of his other ventures. Clearly, the first step to that is adding a store to the website so they can start selling some of that cool merch Musk showed off last month.

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Elon Musk Just Released the First Ever Video of His Boring Tunnel - Futurism

In BriefThough the undertaking will no doubt include many challenges,NASA is finally ready to make humanity's dream of sending people toMars a reality. To that end, the agency has shared its five-partplan for reaching the Red Planet. The Mars Mission

Humanity has been fascinated by Mars since long before we stepped foot on the Moon. Our planetaryneighbor has been the subject of innumerable works of sci-fi and inspired countless dreams of adventure and exploration. Now,after decades of determination, research, and scientific breakthroughs, were finally ready to do it: humans are going to Mars. Really.

On March 21, President Trump issued a mandate for NASA: get people to Marsby 2033. One week later, NASA responded with its most detailed plan to date for reaching the Red Planet, and itdetails five phases along the road to Mars.

Were in Phase 0 now, conducting tests at the International Space Station (ISS) and developing partnerships with private space companies. Phase I will span 2018 to 2025 and will include the launch and testing of six SLS rockets. Those rockets will deliver components of the Deep Space Gateway (DSG), a new space station to be built near the Moon toserve astronauts en route to Mars.

After that, Phase II will launch the Deep Space Transport (DST) tube toward the lunar station in 2027, and in 2028 or 2029, astronauts will inhabit the tube for more than 400 days. In 2030, Phase III will see the DST restocked with supplies and the Mars crew via SLS rocket. Phase IV, of course, will be the trip itself in 2033.

That means were just a scant 16 years away from reaching a goal that has eluded every generation that came before us.

Completing the mission within their budget will be a challenge for NASA. That budget is currentlyabout .5 percent of the total U.S. budget. For comparison, it was more than four percent during the Apollo Moon missions.

The mission to Mars includes obstacles beyond budget keeping astronauts healthy and reasonably happy on the journey is chief among them. Without stopovers between Earth and Mars, astronauts will need to port everything they need with them, including air, food, and water, for a round-trip duration of two or three years.

Mental healthis likely to be aconcern for Mars astronauts, too, as they will essentially be sealed into the space tube for years at a time, with no ability for an emergency return once they leaveCislunar space. NASAs HI-SEAS isolation experiment has shown promising results, but it is likely that the journey wont be possible for everyone.

NASA also has competition in the race to get to Mars. Both Boeing and SpaceX hope to get there first, with SpaceX setting the lofty goal of arriving in 2022.

Ultimately, though, we all benefit from the friendly competition in the race toward Mars and the creative solutions it will almost certainly generate. If private companies work out some of these human challenges before NASA can, the agency can build on their experiences and spend its budget and efforts on other problems. In the end, the goal of putting humans on Mars will have been reached, irrespective of which organizationcrosses the finish line first.

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It's Official. Humans Are Going to Mars. NASA Has Unveiled Their Mission. - Futurism

In BriefPhysicists have developed a new mathematical model that showshow time travel is theoretically possible. They used Einstein'sTheory of General Relativity as a springboard for theirhypothetical device, which they call a Traversable AcausalRetrograde Domain in Space-time (TARDIS). Bending Time

Even before Einstein theorized that time is relative and flexible, humanity had already been imagining the possibility of time travel. In fact, science fiction is filled withtime travelers. Some use metahuman abilities to do so, but most rely on a device generally known as a time machine. Now, two physicists think that its time to bring the time machine into the real world sort of.

People think of time travel as something as fiction. And we tend to think its not possible because we dont actually do it,Ben Tippett, a theoretical physicist and mathematician from the University of British Columbia, said in a UBC news release. But, mathematically, it is possible.

Essentially, what Tippet and University of Maryland astrophysicist David Tsang developed is a mathematical formula that uses Einsteins General Relativity theory to prove that time travel is possible, in theory. That is, time travel fitting a laypersons understanding of the concept as moving backwards and forwards through time and space, as interpreted by an external observer, according to the abstract of their paper, which ispublished in the journal Classical and Quantum Gravity.

Oh, and theyre calling it a TARDIS yes, Doctor Who fans, hurray! which stands for a Traversable Acausal Retrograde Domain in Space-time.

My model of a time machine uses the curved space-time to bend time into a circle for the passengers, not in a straight line, Tippet explained. That circle takes us back in time. Simply put, their model assumes that time could curve around high-mass objects in the same way that physical space does in the universe.

For Tippet and Tsang, a TARDIS is a space-time geometry bubble that travels faster than the speed of light. It is a box which travels forwards and then backwards in time along a circular path through spacetime, they wrote in their paper.

Unfortunately,its still not possible to construct such a time machine. While is it mathematically feasible, it is not yet possible to build a space-time machine because we need materials which we call exotic matter to bend space-time in these impossible ways, but they have yet to be discovered, Tippet explained.

Indeed, their work isnt the first to suggest that time traveling can be done. Various other experiments, including those that rely on photon stimulation, suggest that time travel is feasible. Another theory explores the potential particles of time.

However, some think that a time machine wouldnt be feasible because time traveling itself isnt possible. One points to the intimate connection between time and energyas the reason time travelingis improbable. Another suggests that time travel isnt going to work because theres no future to travel to yet.

Whatever the case may be, theres one thing that these researchers all agree on. As Tippet put it, Studying space-time is both fascinating and problematic.

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New Research Shows That Time Travel Is Mathematically Possible - Futurism

In Brief NASA is put in an ethical quandary when it comes to pushing mankind where it has never gone before. Radiation poses a severe threat to astronauts in space, and when it comes to Mars, NASA may have to take a step further. The Right Dosage of Radiation

Its easy to talk about humanitys role in deep space exploration, but its another thing to actually figure out the logistics of the endeavor. One of the greatest risks involved in human space exploration is the risk of radiation. While the Earth and Sun do pose some radiation risk to our astronauts, the greatest source of trouble comes from outer spaceand is known as galactic cosmic radiation, ancient waves emanating from supernovas of the past.

NASA astronauts are listed as radiation workers by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). In accordance with NASA, OSHA has worked to establish the ALARA Principle, meaning that NASA keeps radiation exposure as low as reasonably achievable. With this in mind, OSHA waived the terrestrial radiation requirements for NASA, having the Office of the Chief Health and Medical Officer set the limit. This lead to the current protocol that ensures that astronauts arent exposed to radiation that will increase their risk of death from cancer by more than 3percent. But if its a trip to Mars that were talking about, these low-Earth orbit standards will be modified to fit the expedition.

While NASA has learned a lot with previous research into the long-term effects of living in space, the space agency still has a ton of data to understand, and even more ethical gray areas to define. When on the International Space Station, astronauts are exposed to ten times as much radiation as on Earth. A Mars trip would up that exposure to 100 times more than on Earth. NASA has begun to study the effects of long-term exposure with the help of astronaut Scott Kelly, Mark Kelly (his Earth-dwelling retiree twin), and cosmonautMikhail Kornienko.

For as long as there have been catalogs of health effects, radiation has been the most intractable, most severe, hardest problem to solve, says Dan Masys, biomedical and health informaticist of the University of Washington. Now, 20 or more years into advances in space technology and propulsion and systems and vehicles, radiation is still the deal breaker. It has never changed. NASA is working on various means of lessening exposure to radiation, with faster rockets, better barriers between the astronauts and space, and drugs all on the table.

But at the end of the day, the question isnt about a group of brave astronauts, its about the future of humanity. Billionaire tech innovators like Elon Musk are lobbying for humanityseventual expansion in our solar system for the key reason of preserving humanity itself. In order to ensure that a single catastrophic event doesnt spell out the end times for the only life we know to exist in the universe, we must push it forward, or as Musk suggests: establish a colony of 1 million people on Mars as soon as we feasibly can.

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The First People to Colonize the Solar System Will Risk Deadly ... - Futurism

In Brief Earth just crossed another dangerous threshold for climate change: an atmospheric carbon dioxide reading of 410 ppm. This is another reason why concerted, global effort is essential for the health and survival of our planet. Breaking Dangerous Records

On April 18, Earth breached its latest climate change milestone when atmospheric carbon dioxide levels were measured at 410 parts per million (ppm). The Keeling Curve, a University of California San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography program,recorded the milestone at Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii. This was sobering for scientists, albeit hardly surprising: since last year when our planets dangerous new normal atmospheric CO2 levels were 400 ppm scientists have warned the public that the next milestone of 410 ppm was coming.

Were in a new era, Ralph Keeling, director of the Scripps Institution of Oceanographys CO2 Program in San Diego told Yale Environment 360. And its going fast. Were going to touch up against 410 pretty soon.

There is nothing uniquely significant about the numbers 400 or 410, but they offer points for comparison to scientists. These milestones are just numbers, but they give us an opportunity to pause and take stock and act as useful yard sticks for comparisons to the geological record, University of Southampton paleoclimate researcher Gavin Foster told Climate Central in March.

Now more than ever it is critical that all countries work together to achieve a greener world. While natural factors like El Nio have driven more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere over the past two years, these new records are mostly driven by humans burning fossil fuels in tremendous amounts, in turn creating record amounts of carbon dioxide.

The rate of increase will go down when emissions decrease, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) atmospheric scientist Pieter Tans told Climate Central. But carbon dioxide will still be going up, albeit more slowly. Only when emissions are cut in half will atmospheric carbon dioxide level off initially.

Recognizing the importance of taking action to stop climate change, scientists and laypeople across the United States marched for science on Earth Day, April 22. The focus of the march was science rather than political ideology. Addressing the crowd in San Diego, Keeling declared: The climate change debate has been over for decades.

Recent research shows that the global energy supply must be only 25 percent (or less) dependent on fossil fuels by 2100 to meet the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement. Various countries are taking action to meet their own goals that are in accord with these global guidelines. China, for example, has introduced a cap on coal and will peak coal emission by 2030. Germany will ban combustion engines by 2030. Here in the U.S., high-profile advocates for the environment have funded a 20-year clean energy fund to the tune of $1 billion.

Britain recently set a record the world was happy to see: it had its first coal-free power day in 135 years. Now is the time for a concerted, worldwide effort, so hopefully well start seeing more positive records like that one.

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We Just Blew Through Another Climate Change Milestone - Futurism

In BriefResearchers have developed two-dimensional material withbreakthrough electric and magnetic properties. These have thepotential to make quantum computers work in more regularconditions. Exploring 2D Materials

Two-dimensional materials have been creating a buzz recently, ever since scientists were able to isolate graphene. Research into other 2D materials abounds, as these have potential applications in a wide range of fields, including photovoltaics, semiconductors, and electrodes. Now, researchers from the University of California, Irvine (UCI), and elsewhere have explored the physics behind these 2D materials and their potential to push computing to new levels of power and speed.

In particular, the UCI researchers published a study in the journal Nature that details the development of 2D quantum materials that have breakthrough electrical and magnetic attributes that can make topological quantum computers which are still theoretical and other advanced electronics possible.

Finally, we can take exotic, high-end theories in physics and make something useful, said Jing Xia, UCI associate professor of physics andastronomy. Were exploring the possibility of making topological quantum computers for the next 100 years.

The 2D materials were observed under extremely cold temperatures using a fiber-optic Sagnac interferometer microscope, a sensitive magnetic microscope built by Xia. It can handle and accurately analyze minuscule material samples.

The UCI researchers developed a compound called chromium germanium telluride (CGT), a superthin carbon film. Just like graphene, CGT can potentially replace silicon in next-generation computers. However, unlike graphene, CGT also has magnetic properties that also make it a viable material for a computers memory and storage systems.

In another study, published in the journalScience Advances, the UCI team observed another 2D material. Under the Sagnac interferometer, they found that in the interface between bismuth and nickel theres an exotic superconductor that breaks time-reversal symmetry.

Both materials conduct electronic signals carried by Dirac or Majorana fermions and not by electrons, as in silicon. Because they dont have mass, these particles can move almost at the speed of light, and are ideal for braiding operations that are needed in quantum computing.

The issue now is to try to achieve this at normal temperatures, Xia said. A separate study that appeared in Nature Materials explores just that, proving that its possible to stabilize 2D surface states. This is necessary for working quantum computers, as existing ones are already limited by extreme conditions that allow quantum bits (qubits) to function. Qubits are at the heart of what makes quantum computers powerful. Unlike regular binary bits, qubits can be 0s and 1s at the same time, allowing them to process information better. 2D materials can create better processors to handle these qubits.

Once quantum computers become workable in regular conditions, they are expected to change the way research is done, allowing us to solve the worlds most complex problems faster than ever before.

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New Materials Conduct Electricity at the Speed of Light - Futurism - Futurism

TO THE YOUNG ARTISTS OF ITALY!

The cry of rebellion which we utter associates our ideals with those of the Futurist poets. These ideals were not invented by some aesthetic clique. They are an expression of a violent desire which boils in the veins of every creative artist today.

We will fight with all our might the fanatical, senseless and snobbish religion of the past, a religion encouraged by the vicious existence of museums. We rebel against that spineless worshipping of old canvases, old statues and old bric-a-brac, against everything which is filthy and worm-ridden and corroded by time. We consider the habitual contempt for everything which is young, new and burning with life to be unjust and even criminal.

Comrades, we tell you now that the triumphant progress of science makes profound changes in humanity inevitable, changes which are hacking an abyss between those docile slaves of past tradition and us free moderns, who are confident in the radiant splendor of our future.

We are sickened by the foul laziness of artists, who, ever since the sixteenth century, have endlessly exploited the glories of the ancient Romans.

In the eyes of other countries, Italy is still a land of the dead, a vast Pompeii, whit with sepulchres. But Italy is being reborn. Its political resurgence will be followed by a cultural resurgence. In the land inhabited by the illiterate peasant, schools will be set up; in the land where doing nothing in the sun was the only available profession, millions of machines are already roaring; in the land where traditional aesthetics reigned supreme, new flights of artistic inspiration are emerging and dazzling the world with their brilliance.

Living art draws its life from the surrounding environment. Our forebears drew their artistic inspiration from a religious atmosphere which fed their souls; in the same way we must breathe in the tangible miracles of contemporary lifethe iron network of speedy communications which envelops the earth, the transatlantic liners, the dreadnoughts, those marvelous flights which furrow our skies, the profound courage of our submarine navigators and the spasmodic struggle to conquer the unknown. How can we remain insensible to the frenetic life of our great cities and to the exciting new psychology of night-life; the feverish figures of the bon viveur, the cocette, the apache and the absinthe drinker?

We will also play our part in this crucial revival of aesthetic expression: we will declare war on all artists and all institutions which insist on hiding behind a faade of false modernity, while they are actually ensnared by tradition, academicism and, above all, a nauseating cerebral laziness.

We condemn as insulting to youth the acclamations of a revolting rabble for the sickening reflowering of a pathetic kind of classicism in Rome; the neurasthenic cultivation of hermaphodic archaism which they rave about in Florence; the pedestrian, half-blind handiwork of 48 which they are buying in Milan; the work of pensioned-off government clerks which they think the world of in Turin; the hotchpotch of encrusted rubbish of a group of fossilized alchemists which they are worshipping in Venice. We are going to rise up against all superficiality and banalityall the slovenly and facile commercialism which makes the work of most of our highly respected artists throughout Italy worthy of our deepest contempt.

Away then with hired restorers of antiquated incrustations. Away with affected archaeologists with their chronic necrophilia! Down with the critics, those complacent pimps! Down with gouty academics and drunken, ignorant professors!

Ask these priests of a veritable religious cult, these guardians of old aesthetic laws, where we can go and see the works of Giovanni Segantini today. Ask them why the officials of the Commission have never heard of the existence of Gaetano Previati. Ask them where they can see Medardo Rossos sculpture, or who takes the slightest interest in artists who have not yet had twenty years of struggle and suffering behind them, but are still producing works destined to honor their fatherland?

These paid critics have other interests to defend. Exhibitions, competitions, superficial and never disinterested criticism, condemn Italian art to the ignominy of true prostitution.

And what about our esteemed specialists? Throw them all out. Finish them off! The Portraitists, the Genre Painters, the Lake Painters, the Mountain Painters. We have put up with enough from these impotent painters of country holidays.

Down with all marble-chippers who are cluttering up our squares and profaning our cemeteries! Down with the speculators and their reinforced-concrete buildings! Down with laborious decorators, phony ceramicists, sold-out poster painters and shoddy, idiodic illustrators!

These are our final conclusions:

With our enthusiastic adherence to Futurism, we will:

The dead shall be buried in the earths deepest bowels! The threshold of the future will be swept free of mummies! Make room for youth, for violence, for daring!

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Manifesto of the Futurist Painters - unknown.nu

In Brief Scientists from Durham University and NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center have developed a model that explains both known types of solar flares or coronal ejections. This new theory could help us prepare for when these disruptive flares occur. A Universal Model

The sun is volatile, capable of unleashing huge amounts of plasma in outbursts that affect the space around it including the space near Earth. There are two types of these solar eruptions: coronal ejections, which are smaller bursts of plasma, and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which are large eruptions that release plasma and high-speed magnetic fields.

We know they happen, but we havent really figured out howthey happen. Now, thanks to researchers from the Durham University in UK and NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center, we have a theoretical model that could explain both types of coronal jets. According to their study, published in the journal Nature, both occurrences are the result ofmagnetic field lines in the surface of the sun, above the jets, breaking apart and rejoining.

It was previously thought that there were different drivers for the varying scales of eruptions from the Sun, but our research provides a theoretical universal model for this activity, which is very exciting, lead researcher Peter Wyper from Durham said in a press release.

Using this theoretical universal model, dubbed thebreakout model, the researchers believe that it may be possible to predict when solar flares will occur. As Wyper explained it: A greater understanding of solar eruptions at all scales could ultimately help in better predicting the Suns activity.

If proven, the breakout model could help us prepare for solar flares particularly large-scale CMEs which are known to disrupt radio transmissions and satellite communications by sending huge amounts of electromagenetic radiation. They are tend to trigger aurorae in the Earths poles. This phenomenon was last recorded in 1859, during whats now known as the Carrington Event. Such CMEs today could prove dangerous for astronauts in space.That being said, the next step is to confirm the breakout model using high-resolution observations of the solar atmosphere.

Within a unified context, we can advance understanding of how these eruptions are started, how to predict them, and how to better understand their consequences, said Richard DeVoreone of the researchers at NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center.

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We May Have Finally Solved the Mystery of Solar Flares - Futurism

In Brief A recent study on a spaceanomaly that has perplexed scientists for years has some suggesting that it could be explained by a parallel "bubble universe" although there are other, more standard potential explanations, as well. Too Cold

For years, scientists have been baffled by a weird anomaly far away in space: a mysteriousCold Spotabout1.8 billion light-years across. It is cooler than its surroundings byaround 0.00015 degrees Celsius (0.00027 degrees Fahrenheit), a fact astronomers discovered by measuring background radiation throughout the universe.

Previously, astronomers believed that this space could be cooler simply because it had less matter in it thanmost sections of space. They dubbed it amassive supervoidand estimated that it had 10,000 galaxies fewer than other comparable sections of space.

But now, in a recently published survey of galaxies, astronomers from the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS)say they have discovered that this supervoide could not exist. They now believe that the galaxies in the cold spot are just clustered around smaller voids that populate the cold spot like bubbles. These small voids, however, cannot explain the temperature difference observed.

To link the temperature differences to the smaller voids, the researcherssay a non-standard cosmological model would be required. But our data place powerful constraints on any attempt to do that, explained researcher Ruari Mackenzie in anRAS press release. While the study had a large margin of error, the simulations suggest there is only atwo percent probabilitythat the Cold Spot formed randomly.

This means we cant entirely rule out that the Spot is caused by an unlikely fluctuation explained by the standard model. But if that isnt the answer, then there are more exotic explanations, said researcher Tom Shanks inthe press release. Perhaps the most exciting of these is that the Cold Spot was caused by a collision between our universe and another bubble universe.

If more detailed studies support the findings of this research, the Cold Spot might turn out to be the first evidence for the multiverse, though far more evidence would be needed to confirm our universe is indeed one of many.

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We May Have Uncovered the First Ever Evidence of the Multiverse - Futurism

In Brief Physicians at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia worked with 23 week-old lambs to in order test a synthetic device that imitates a woman's uterus, hoping to limit mortality and disease in premature children that are born before 37 weeks. Synthetic Wombs

Creating an artificial womb would be a feat of monumental proportions, as premature birth is the leading cause of death for newborns.And this week,Philadelphia physiciansmade significant strides towards a world where synthetic wombsare a reality. While the new development isnt exactly an artificial womb tank, physicians have created a uterus-like biobag that is capable of sustainingpremature fetal lambs very soon after they begin development.

Before toolong, the same technologies could be used on humans.

Ultimately, the lambs were placed in the transparent biobagsjust 105 days after they started development, whichis equivalent to about 22 weeks of humandevelopment. At that point in their development, neither lambs nor human babies can survive outside the womb on their own.

The lambs were kept in the biobags for four weeks. During this time, they grew hair; their lungs developed; and they reached the point where they could survive on their own.

Remarkably, the eight lambs in the trial developed normally in the artificial womb and each survived, proving that the biobagsuccessfully mimicked the natural conditions found in the uterusand paving the way for a new life-saving device for humans.

The results of their study are published in Nature Communications.

Ultimately, aninfant is considered premature when they areborn before 37 weeksof development. Globally, millions of babies are born prematurely each year. This exposes them to a host of chronic health conditions, as their lungs and brains are still in very early stages of development.

While current therapies incubate preterm children, this new device could do them one better by allowing them to complete development in natural conditions.

Although the fluid-filled plastic enclosure cant develop a child for an entire nine-month term, it can allow us to incubate them remarkably soon after conception. The team of physicians is already in talks with theU.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA), and clinical trialsare slated to begin in the next 3 to 5 years.

In light of this progress, experts assert that artificial wombsmay be areality in the next few decades.

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This Fluid-Filled Bag Lets Lambs Develop Outside the Womb. Humans Are Next. - Futurism