Category Archives: DNA

Analysis of genetic variation has uncovered 230,000 differences in DNA among varieties

Scientists have described the genetic underpinnings of 100 different types of tomatoes.

June 18, 2020

A new analysis of genetic variation in tomatoes has uncovered more than 230,000 previously hidden, large-scale differences in DNA among varieties. As tomato plants evolved, segments of DNA were deleted, duplicated or rearranged. These genomic "structural variations" underpin much of the vast diversity in tomatoes, changing flavors, altering yield and shaping other important traits.

The results are published in the journal Cell.

The study, a National Science Foundation-funded effort led by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory biologist Zachary Lippman and Johns Hopkins University biologist Michael Schatz, is the most comprehensive analysis to date of structural genome variation for a major crop, the researchers say. Breeders and scientists will be able to apply the information to breed or engineer new, more desirable plants with greater efficiency.

Large-scale differences between genomes, known collectively as structural variants, are likely responsible for a wide range of plant features that breeders care about, but these elements have been notoriously difficult to study, leaving much of the genetic basis of tomato diversity unexplained.

New DNA sequencing technology along with powerful new genome editing technology has recently made structural variants easier to detect and enabled the study of how they affect crop traits.

"There was a massive amount of natural genetic variation that we were blind to," says Lippman. "The only way to get at it was through this new technology."

The researchers sequenced and compared the genomes of 100 different varieties of tomato, including robust varieties suitable for industrial agriculture, succulent heirlooms and wild relatives of cultivated tomatoes.

"This research is a great example of the power of taking a comparative approach to functional genomics," says Clifford Weil, a program director in NSF's Plant Genome Research Program. "The wealth of structural variants in this one crop, and how much they explain the wonderful variety in traits we all love about tomatoes, is a fantastic toolkit for breeders and biologists alike."

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The DNA that gave us 100 different kinds of tomatoes - National Science Foundation

Commercial DNA testing can be fun and accurate, but there are pitfalls you should be aware of, particularly when it comes to your privacy

Human nature is punctuated with a desire to understand. To understand the world, our place in it, as well as our place within our own bodies: what am I, where did I come from, and what is going to happen to me?

This need to understand ourselves, our pasts, and our futures could be why genealogy has become the second most enjoyed hobby next to gardening, and the second most visited category of websites, after pornography.

Now thats popularity.

This devotion to tracking family trees has only amplified now that over-the-counter DNA testing kits are so prevalent; not only are they easy to take, but the test itself is relatively free of problems, says Dr. Thomas Merritt, geneticist and Canada Research Chair in Genomics and Bioinformatics at Laurentian University in Sudbury.

DNA sequencing is super easy, this is not rocket science, he says. The accuracy of the testing is as good as it needs to be.

And the actual test-taking, usually a cheek swab or having to put a surprising amount of saliva into a test tube 2 millilitres, or about a half teaspoon is fairly straightforward.

Nothing is ever foolproof; the test is dependent on the fool whos holding it, he says. But from my experience, its really hard to get someone else to spit in the tube that youre filling.

So cross-contamination is not really an issue.

The real issue with the DNA testing services now available comes down to privacy, and privilege.

Currently, companies providing consumer DNA testing are offering a wide range of services based on your sample: you can move beyond finding family members and into your ethnicity or ancestry composition as it is often referred to and even medical testing for predisposition to illness and injury. In fact, there is one company that offers the chance to understand your best diet, physical fitness routine, detoxification pathways, mental wellness and even which supplements are best for you, all based on your DNA. And of course, theyd be happy to sell you the supplements they recommend.

But how accurate can they possibly get with just DNA? That depends on who you are.

Each company has access to public databases, as well as their own data set, a collection of samples from every person that has used the companys service. This information is compiled as each companys proprietary data set. The more people who use a particular company, the bigger the data set they have, and the more accurate their predictions for your ancestral composition.

For instance, when Dr. Merritt took three companies tests two years ago, he was amazed by the accuracy of the results, based on his understanding of his own family history. Not only did the results accurately show his familys pattern of migration within a couple of decades and fifty miles, but it did so only from his DNA, with no additional family information. But, he says, that comes down to what they showed as his ethnic makeup. The first thing they told me is you are surprisingly white. Even for white people, you are translucently white.

Thats because the data set for most of these companies is built from those who would have no issue revealing everything about themselves, down to the base pairs, as Dr. Merritt puts it.

I am a white male from middle-class United States, he says. I grew up in the suburbs of Connecticut, my dad worked in Manhattan, I went to a prestigious university and I was on the crew team.

I am the physical embodiment of privilege. I should be president of the United States. The system is completely designed for me.

He says this made him more apt to take the test, as the system has never done anything to harm him. If I was a person of colour, if I was a woman, if I was queer, if I was Indigenous, those are very different conversations.

There is a great deal of information that can be found out from DNA. For instance, the genetic component to sexual orientation. There is an allele (pairs or series of genes on a chromosome that determine the hereditary characteristics, such as hair colour) that when present means the person is 75 per cent more likely to be gay than the average population. Unfortunately, thats information that could be detrimental to the life of the person behind the DNA and reason to avoid the test in the first place.

And any attention paid to the world right now should give context to why people of colour would want to avoid sending their DNA to an outside source.

This will not only affect the accuracy of ethnicity testing for those who are not reflected in the data set, but also in the medical aspects of what each company offers.

The issues with the medical side are a bit more involved, but come down to sequencing, data sets, and our understanding of medical issues.

Sequencing, the actual reading of DNA strands, would be looking at the six billion pieces of information in an individuals genome genome meaning strands of DNA.

Between two people, there are six million differences.

Most of the differences are actually known, so there are a couple of hundred thousand differences that are really common, says Dr. Merritt. And so you dont have to actually sequence the whole six billion points of information, what you have to do is look at those 250,000 spaces that are different It gives you almost as much information, but it does so in a much more economical way.

And if youre highly reflected in the data set, youll get fairly accurate results from the 250,000 spaces. If youre not, then your answers will be limited.

For example: lets say that within the data set, 99 per cent of people have blue hair, and one per cent have green hair. If the data set contains one million people to compare to, the sample will accurately reflect the makeup of blue versus green. If you only test 100 people, you only have a one-per-cent chance of finding the green.

Thats where the privilege comes in, says Dr. Merritt. If you want to identify markers for a specific disease, and were to look at this population and the disease happens in one per cent of this population, and we look at a million people to be pulled from, youre going to find markers for that disease.

But if were now not doing white middle-class America, lets say your family emigrated from Sri Lanka, and youre female. Youre going to have a different genetic profile than I am. And youre going to be represented by about maybe one per cent of that data set. Are we going to find those markers? We havent sequenced the entire genome, were looking for the markers that are highly variable. If youre underrepresented in the data set, we dont know what markers are more or less variable in the world population.

And thats not to mention the issues surrounding the current understanding or the holes in that understanding of the genetic component to diseases and disorders, as well as the recipients reaction to their test results.

Some people may become obsessed with the information, and occasionally that could result in healthy lifestyle changes; in other cases you could have a smoker who refuses to quit because they dont have a genetic pre-disposition to lung cancer.

Your average biological characteristic is about 10-per-cent genetics, so if I were to go through and look at a genetic predisposition for heart disease, I know that that predisposition for heart disease is going to give me a piece the story, and the fact that I had a fried egg sandwich for breakfast will be another piece of the story.

While many of these companies are putting effort into increasing the diversity of their data set with programs and support, there is still the hesitancy to register such a personal part of you and your history with a company.

Because security is a concern.

In addition to hacking, which is almost a foregone conclusion for personal data, the consumer DNA companies are beginning to partner with pharmaceutical companies, offering their data to them for research and development. Sounds like a logical partnership, until the possibility for impropriety sneaks in.

Anyone who has read an advice column or heard from a friend who took a test might hear of a family blown apart by the results of a test showing siblings or unknown parentage. You might even be contacted by a long lost relative who recently took the test and found their connection to you.

Or, despite having never taken a DNA test, you can be identified because a member of your family did: enter the Golden State Killer. Police had a sample of the serial rapist and killers DNA on file for years, but never anything to compare it to. Then GEDmatch offered the chance to look for even the barest of similarities to the polices DNA sample. There was one. A partial match led them to search within the family of that match for a possible suspect, and he was arrested soon after.

And while that is an amazing story of science stopping a horrific series of crimes, there is the other side of the coin: not only can 60 per cent of white Americans be identified in just the same way, regardless of their DNA sample status, but even anonymous DNA samples can be used to find not only the original donor, but their entire family, just by using the internet.

Starting with 10 entire genomes publicly available as part of the international 1000 Genomes Project, researchers designed an algorithm to mine these genomes, all from men, for specific variations in the Y chromosome. After searching two consumer genealogy databases, as well as public records, the team identified five of the 10 research participants and their entire families, which were also part of the genome research project.

It comes down to this. If you are comfortable with the chance of identification, or having your data sold to a pharmaceutical company, then the consumer testing is an interesting way of finding out more about yourself, down to the base pair. But what that means in terms of accuracy even as the companies specifically state their informational and entertainment only purposes comes down to more than just how well you take the sample.

Its about your privilege in the world.

Jenny Lamothe is a freelance writer, proof-reader and editor in Greater Sudbury. Contact her through her website, JennyLamothe.com.

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Discover: So you want to have your DNA sequenced .... - Sudbury.com

As a Black woman descended from enslaved people, I often see ads for DNA ancestry kits that promise they will connect me to my roots, and I feel sorely tempted. Where in Africa were my ancestors stolen from? What languages did they speak, what beliefs did they hold? Could I somehow recover even the tiniest little piece of those identities stolen so long ago?

It is not a yearning exclusive to the Black community by any means, considering the various populations across the globe that have been forced from their ancestral lands and/or had their heritage and culture forcibly suppressed throughout the ages, but it is particularly common to the Black community. While I dont have hard statistics, from personal experience and anecdotal evidence I do feel that at-home DNA kits have been targeting Black consumers on the ancestry front more and more, realizing the particular allure their claims have for the many descendants of enslaved ancestors stolen from their homelands and purposefully stripped of their identitiestheir beliefs, their families, even their names. Ive started hearing more friends and family talking about using at-home DNA kits; I see more and more Black actors in DNA kit advertisements; at a Juneteenth celebration I attended one speaker openly encouraged the practice, enthusiastically sharing her own results.

I understand the yearning. I feel it myself and I know both sides of the coinI know exactly the sense of place and heritage Im missing on my fathers side because I have it on my mothers. While my fathers ancestry is full of questions and a surname that once belonged to a white man who owned my forebears, my mother is Irish, born and raised in a small town on the same land her family has farmed for generations. I spent most of my childhood summers there, exploring the dilapidated farmhouse that started off as a one-room stone cottage predating the Irish Potato Famine, hearing about how (for reasons I have never uncovered) my ancestors fared better when the blight came than several other nearby tenant farmers, who, so the story goes, would rummage through our garbage heap in search of turnip peels.

There is a sense of belonging and legacy in knowing a place like that, in being able to go to exactly where your ancestors lived and died, to sit in the shade of a tree you know a forebear planted. It is a privilege so widespread in some communities they have little notion of its specialness, or how many people have had that privilege stolen from them, sometimes several times over.

The prospect of being able to reclaim some of that privilege through genetic ancestry testing is hugely alluring. Unfortunately, it is also too good to be true, a promise that cannot really be kept, a stack of half-truths and statistical guesswork presented under a false veneer of certainty.

Consumer genetics companies sell us all a narrativea narrative of ourselves, of science certified self-discovery. Its a very tempting narrative, and theres now a multi-billion dollar industry that indicates they have gotten very good at selling it.

Most of these companies really sell three different thingsancestry, health information, and genealogy (i.e. connecting family trees)and sell them as if all three are equally accurate and scientifically backed. This is absolutely false. If connecting relatives and flagging genetic alleles of potential medical concern is like going outside and seeing what the weather is like, attempting to trace ones ethnicity and ancestral heritage via genomics is a lot more like looking at the tail end of a 30-day forecast. Theres a scientific basis to the projection at some level, but also significant room for error and, in the case of ancestry testing, lots of suppositions at play that can never be fully verified.

Theres been some reportage in the past few years regarding how DNA kit consumers have actually seen their ancestry results shift enormously as companies revamp their predictive models, but not nearly enough discussion of what that means, and exactly what it says about the half-truths and misconceptions on which this hugely profitable sector of the genomics industry is based.

Sure, companies lie through their teeth in advertising all the time, but theres something particularly disgraceful and infuriating about building an entire business around the impossible promise of revealing the truth, so lets break it down.

No matter how tempting the find your heritage message may be, or how adept DNA testing kit companies have gotten at pushing it, the thing that always stops me from succumbing to the siren song is a memory of a single PowerPoint slide from a Genetics course I took in college.

Theres a concept known as gene flow that refers to the transfer of genetic variation between different populations, and on that particular slide was a maxim so popular its often abbreviated: One migrant per generation is enough to conserve gene flow between populations, or OMPG. In other words, if there is any interbreeding at all between two groups, they are not going to diverge in any genetically distinguishable way. To apply this to the big picture, all human beings are 99.9% identical, and the variation in that remaining 0.1% really doesnt break down in a way that will tell you much about an individuals ancestral origins since our species, generally speaking, has long had a propensity for moving around and procreating with other human populations encountered along the way.

At this point, you might be wondering what ancestry DNA tests are actually testing, then, and how exactly they generate all those impressively specific percentages and spiffy graphs they give you in your results. The answer to that involves a whole lot of statistical calculations and banking on frequencies.

Heres a quick, hugely simplified run-down: there are regions within the human genome known as single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs (snips). These are basically hotspots for genetic variation, places where its particularly common for random mutation to lead to one nucleotide being swapped out for anothera C to a T, for examplein a way that usually has no impact on an individuals health or development but is from there passed down through the generations (unless, of course, another mutation occurs somewhere down the line). SNPs are, in other words, silent mutations, but they are the lifeblood of ancestry testing because having a lot of SNPs in common suggests shared ancestry. The more SNPs in common, the more recently individuals likely shared a common ancestor. As for what a lot means in this context, of the 3.2 billion nucleotide base pairs in a human genome, some DNA ancestry tests analyze half a million or more SNPs.

As described earlier, there arent specific Somalian or Nigerian or Irish or Italian genes to look for in the DNA itself. What these companies do is take known reference populations to identify SNPs and patterns of SNPs that are particularly prevalent within particular ethnic groups and then analyze a customers DNA for the presence of these.

So, where do these known reference genomes come from and how can we all be so sure these people accurately know their ancestry dating back hundreds of years when the rest of us are being marketed kits to figure that out? The answer is we dont know, and these companies are incredibly tight-lipped about the whole thing.

I tried clicking around the 23andMe website for a while and eventually came to a very long, graph-filled page about the companys state-of-the-art geographic ancestry analysis which quickly boasts about the 14,000 people with known ancestry providing the basis for their analysis. The page then spends several thousand words giving an introductory genomics lesson that manages to not address how their analysis actually works at all, or why anyone should actually put any stock in the results it spits out. When the foundational reference data-set is brought up again, it is described as including genotypes from 14,437 people who were chosen to reflect populations that existed before transcontinental travel and migration were common (at least 500 years ago), which really, if anything, just begs more questions instead of providing any meaningful answers.

On the one hand, if you really believe in the unparalleled integrity of large corporations, you could make the case that such obfuscation is necessary to protect valuable trade secrets and there is nothing more to it than that. On the other, there is room to suspect between the handwaving and the support pages with fine print disclaimers like predicting inheritance is not an exact science that the secrecy might also have something to do with not wanting potential customers to cotton on to the fact that theyre selling a service that is one part science and two parts snake oil. Regardless, theres a distinct irony to having a whole industry built on the assumed accuracy of a known ancestry reference pool that most frequently promotes its product with ads about people thinking they know their heritage and discovering they were wrong.

Genetic testing isnt fundamentally evil or bad. There is a long list of privacy and ethical concerns surrounding the practice that have worryingly not yet been addressed in any meaningful way, but there are a number of legitimate applications for genetic testing that have the potential to do a lot of good if regulated appropriately. I, myself, have taken a particular kind of genetic test before and found it helpful. I deal with depression, and when trying to find a medication that was a good fit, my psychiatrist at the time suggested I do pharmacogenomics testing, or drug-gene testing, which specifically looks at your genes for variations known to be correlated with limited efficacy or experiencing side effects from a range of medications. My results indicated that the mechanism of action at work in many common antidepressants would be likely ineffective in my case, so the psychiatrist ended up prescribing a relatively new drug that worked differently. It ended up being a good fit for me. Odds are she would have suggested something else if I hadnt done the testing, and I ultimately think the test was worth it.

Genetic testing is a powerful tool, and only growing more so as our understanding of genetics evolves and methods become more and more sophisticated. But genetic testing is not all-powerful. There are certain things it cannot really tell us, not because we need bigger data sets or are still waiting on crucial breakthroughs, but because the shoe just doesnt fit, and it never really will.

Heres the thing about race, ethnicity, and culture: its not genetic. Yes, when you look at things like skin color and hair texture, there are connections, but its a Venn diagram with limited overlap. Thats not to say that race, ethnicity, and culture are somehow not real or not important. They are all very real and incredibly important. They just are not ultimately geneticalthough sometimes genetic-adjacent, if you will.

Were clear upfront that DNA is not identity. DNA is not culture, Robin Smith, the head of 23andMes Ancestry Division told STAT News for an article published last year, although clearly not the companys marketing department. Like other DNA ancestry kit companies, it rakes in millions of new customers every year with the allure of discover who you really are, not well send you a guess of who we think you might be based off of contested hypotheses and dodgy methodologies, then sell your genetic data to third parties for hundreds of millions of dollars because somehow people might not be as interested in forking over $100 or so when presented with the second option.

There are a lot of stories out theresome heartwarming, others heartbreakingabout DNA kit results completely reshaping a persons sense of self and family history. Now, if the results tell you that youre positive for a BRCA1 mutation or you have a long-lost cousin or your uncle is actually your dadthats all relatively straightforward, cut-and-dry genomics, and unless a lab technician processed your tube of spit wrong somehow, the findings are almost certainly accurate. But ancestry is a different matter. If you want to do a DNA ancestry kit as a bit of a lark or out of idle curiosity, thats one thing, but know that whatever results come back are just guesses, and can never be anything more.

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Don't Fall for the Impossible Promise of DNA Ancestry Kits - Pajiba

DetailsCategory: DNA RNA and CellsPublished on Tuesday, 23 June 2020 13:17Hits: 270

Century Therapeutics Canada will develop induced pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC)-derived allogeneic immune cell therapies against glioblastoma (GBM)

PHILADELPHIA, PA, USA I June 23, 2020 ICentury Therapeutics today announced its acquisition of Empirica Therapeutics to leverage its iPSC-derived allogeneic cell therapies against glioblastoma (GBM).

We are pleased to welcome the Empirica team to the Century family. Their deep expertise and unique capabilities will allow us to accelerate efforts to develop iPSC derived immune effector cell products designed to treat and potentially cure brain cancer, said Lalo Flores, PhD, Chief Executive Officer of Century Therapeutics. GBM is a particularly aggressive, often treatment-resistant form of adult brain cancer with an average survival time of under two years. Together, we are in a stronger position to develop potentially curative cell therapies for this devastating disease.

Empirica Therapeutics was founded by Dr. Sheila Singh, MD, PhD, Professor of Surgery and Biochemistry and chief pediatric neurosurgeon at McMaster Childrens Hospital, and Dr. Jason Moffat, PhD, Professor of Molecular Genetics at the University of Toronto and an expert in functional genomics and gene-editing platforms. The companys science is based on a powerful integrative multi-omics platform, combined with its unique patient-derived, therapy-adapted models of recurrent GBM, that has led to the discovery and validation of novel brain tumor targets. Empiricas cutting edge preclinical models of recurrent GBM, have demonstrated the potential of CAR-T cell therapy in GBM, as published in a May 2020 Cell Stem Cell paper.

Our team is excited to become part of Century Therapeutics, whose iPSC-derived allogeneic cell therapies show immense potential for treating solid as well as hematologic malignancies, said Dr. Singh. Dr. Singh served as Empiricas CEO after co-founding the company with Chief Scientific Officer Dr. Moffat. We look forward to combining our unique patient-based cancer models with Centurys platform to create promising treatments for the patients who need them most, Singh said.

Janelle Anderson, PhD, Chief Strategy Officer at Century Therapeutics, shepherded the deal forming the subsidiary, which will be known as Century Therapeutics Canada and based in Hamilton, Ontario. Financial terms of the deal have not been disclosed.

About Century Therapeutics

Century Therapeutics is harnessing the power of stem cells to develop curative cell therapy products for cancer that overcome the limitations of first-generation cell therapies. Our genetically engineered, universal iPSC-derived immune effector cell products (iNK, iT) are designed to specifically target hematologic and solid tumor cancers. Our commitment to developing off-the-shelf cell therapies will expand patient access and provides an unparalleled opportunity to advance the course of cancer care. Century was launched in 2019 by founding investor Versant Ventures in partnership with Fujifilm and Leaps by Bayer. For more information, please visit http://www.centurytx.com.

About Glioblastoma (GBM)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most common types of primary brain tumor in adults and is almost uniformly lethal, with less than 5% of patients living beyond five years. GBM has an incidence rate of 3 per 100,000 people annually in the United States of America. The standard of care for GBM consists of tumor resection following by chemotherapy and radiation. Despite aggressive multimodal treatment, almost all patients experience relapse 7-9 months post-diagnosis and median survival has not extended beyond 16-20 months over the past decade. Recent studies suggest that the primary GBM tumor evolves significantly during the course of therapy and presents itself as a much more aggressive tumor at the time of recurrence. The treatment-resistant nature of GBM to standard therapies provides compelling motivation for developing novel treatment approaches.

SOURCE: Century Therapeutics

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Century Therapeutics Announces Acquisition of Empirica Therapeutics | DNA RNA and Cells | News Channels - PipelineReview.com

Personalized cancer test developer ArcherDX is walking away from plans to take itself public and into the arms of genetic testing company Invitae.

Earlier this month, ArcherDX announced it was filing for a $100 million Nasdaq IPObut instead it will reap a deal worth $1.4 billion, counting upfront cash, Invitae shares and future milestone payments. The two companies plan to integrate their genomics, tumor profiling and liquid biopsy technologies through one, overarching service.

"From the beginning, Invitae's goal has been to aggregate the world's genetic tests into a single platform in service of our mission to bring comprehensive genetic information into mainstream medicine. Today, we take another major step forward in that effort, Invitae co-founder and CEO Sean George said in a statement.

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The transaction begins with $325 million in cash plus 30 million shares of Invitae common stock; an additional 27 million shares are linked to milestones. The move has been approved by the boards of both companies and is expected to close within several months, the companies said.

To help carry the acquisition, Invitae has set up a strategic financing with over $400 million in commitments from investors, led by Perceptive Advisors. Invitae has agreed to sell $275 million of stock in a private placement at $16.85 a share, supported by Casdin Capital, Deerfield Management, Driehaus Capital Management, Farallon, PBM Capital, Redmile Group, Rock Springs Capital, Soleus Capital and an unnamed institutional investor.

RELATED: ArcherDX expands co-marketing, in vitro diagnostics partnerships with Illumina

Invitae has also secured a credit facility for up to $200 million with Perceptive Credit Opportunities Funds. Following the deals announcement, Invitaes stock rose nearly 50% from about $18 to over $26 a share.

We are thrilled to unite with Invitae to form the leading hub for precision oncology, diagnostics, therapy optimization and monitoring, with an opportunity to accelerate both patient care and shareholder value," said ArcherDXs co-founder and CEO Jason Myers.

ArcherDX currently counts over 325 unique products in its research services catalog and is developing in vitro cancer diagnostics with FDA submissions slated for later this year. The companys Stratafide DX and Personalized Cancer Monitoring efforts have both received breakthrough device designations from the agency.

ArcherDX also recently launched separate collaborations with AstraZeneca and Bristol Myers Squibb to apply its minimal residual disease assays to the drugmakers clinical cancer research.

RELATED: Invitae to buy DNA-counseling chatbot developer Clear Genetics for $50M

Together, the two companies aim to offer research and clinical trial support to biopharma companies as well as biomarker identification and companion diagnostic development while providing test reports, consultations and genetic counseling through Invitaes central laboratory.

"Integrating all aspects of cancer genetics can transform care for patients and the flexibility that comes from both centralized and decentralized capabilities will uniquely position Invitae to meet the needs of customers worldwide," said George. "By joining together, we will unite world-class capabilities in the hands of a talented team with complementary expertise and strong brands in service of a shared goal to improve healthcare for patients."

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ArcherDX drops IPO plans in favor of a $1.4B takeover by Invitae - FierceBiotech

Global DNA and RNA Sample Preparation Market: Trends Estimates High Demand by 2027

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Some of the companies competing in the DNA and RNA Sample Preparation market are: Agilent Technologies, Becton, Dickinson and Company, Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc., DiaSorin S.p.A., F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Illumina, PerkinElmer, QIAGEN, Sigma Aldrich Corp., Tecan Group AG ., and Thermo Fisher Scientific

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The report claims to split the regional scope of the DNA and RNA Sample Preparation market into North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America & Middle East and Africa. Which among these regions has been touted to amass the largest market share over the anticipated duration

How do the sales figures look at present How does the sales scenario look for the future

Considering the present scenario, how much revenue will each region attain by the end of the forecast period

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The scope of the Report:

The report segments the global DNA and RNA Sample Preparation market on the basis of application, type, service, technology, and region. Each chapter under this segmentation allows readers to grasp the nitty-gritties of the market. A magnified look at the segment-based analysis is aimed at giving the readers a closer look at the opportunities and threats in the market. It also address political scenarios that are expected to impact the market in both small and big ways.The report on the global DNA and RNA Sample Preparation market examines changing regulatory scenario to make accurate projections about potential investments. It also evaluates the risk for new entrants and the intensity of the competitive rivalry.

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TABLE OF CONTENT:

Chapter 1: DNA and RNA Sample Preparation Market Overview

Chapter 2: Global Economic Impact on Industry

Chapter 3: DNA and RNA Sample Preparation Market Competition by Manufacturers

Chapter 4: Global Production, Revenue (Value) by Region

Chapter 5: Global Supply (Production), Consumption, Export, Import by Regions

Chapter 6: Global Production, Revenue (Value), Price Trend by Type

Chapter 7: Global Market Analysis by Application

Chapter 8: Manufacturing Cost Analysis

Chapter 9: Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers

Chapter 10: Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders

Chapter 11: DNA and RNA Sample Preparation Market Effect Factors Analysis

Chapter 12: Global DNA and RNA Sample Preparation Market Forecast to 2027

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COVID19 Impact- Global DNA and RNA Sample Preparation Market Recent Industry Developments and Growth Strategies Adopted by Top Key Players Agilent...

Tennis world number one Novak Djokovic has been tested positive for coronavirus, joining a slew of other infected players who took part in his Adria Tour exhibition tournament in the Balkans.

"Novak Djokovic tested positive for a virus COVID-19," read a statement from his staff. "He is not showing any symptoms," it added.

Djokovic's wife Jelena also tested positive while the results of their children are negative, the statement read.Everything we did in the past month we did with a pure heart and sincere intentions, the statement reads.

I am extremely sorry for each individual case of infection.

The other tennis stars who have been tested positive are Grigor Dimitrov, Borna Coric, and Viktor Troicki

The tournament, which also had top names such as Dominic Thiem and Alexander Zverev, was held in Belgrade, and Zadar and the players were also pictured playing basketball and dancing together without following social distancing protocols, Reuters reported.

As for Zverev, the German tennis star on Monday confirmed that he and his team have tested negative for coronavirus.

"I have just received the news that my team and I have tested negative for COVID-19. I deeply apologize to anyone that I have potentially put at risk by playing this tour. I will proceed to follow the self-isolating guidelines advised by our doctors. As an added precaution, my team and I will continue with regular testing. I wish everyone who has tested positive a speedy recovery. Stay safe," Zverev wrote on Twitter.

The ATP and WTA Tours, which were suspended in March due to the pandemic, are set to resume in August with the US Open and French Open beginning on August 31 and September 27, respectively.

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Novak Djokovic tests positive for COVID-19, joins list of infected tennis players who appeared in Adria Tour - DNA India

Global DNA and Gene Chips Market: Trends Estimates High Demand by 2027

The DNA and Gene Chips Market 2020 report includes the market strategy, market orientation, expert opinion and knowledgeable information. The DNA and Gene Chips Industry Report is an in-depth study analyzing the current state of the DNA and Gene Chips Market. It provides a brief overview of the market focusing on definitions, classifications, product specifications, manufacturing processes, cost structures, market segmentation, end-use applications and industry chain analysis. The study on DNA and Gene Chips Market provides analysis of market covering the industry trends, recent developments in the market and competitive landscape.

It takes into account the CAGR, value, volume, revenue, production, consumption, sales, manufacturing cost, prices, and other key factors related to the global DNA and Gene Chips market. All findings and data on the global DNA and Gene Chips market provided in the report are calculated, gathered, and verified using advanced and reliable primary and secondary research sources. The regional analysis offered in the report will help you to identify key opportunities of the global DNA and Gene Chips market available in different regions and countries.

The final report will add the analysis of the Impact of Covid-19 in this report DNA and Gene Chips industry.

Some of The Companies Competing in The DNA and Gene Chips Market are: Bio MrieuxSA, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Savyon Diagnostics, Agilent Technologies, Applied Micro Arrays Illumina Inc., Toshiba Hokuto Electronics Corporation, TOSHIBA Perkin Elmer Inc., Oxford Gene Technology, Arrayit Corporation, MYcroarray Macrogen Inc., Greiner Bio One, Asper Biotech, CapitalBio Corporation, and Microarrays Inc.

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The report scrutinizes different business approaches and frameworks that pave the way for success in businesses. The report used Porters five techniques for analyzing the DNA and Gene Chips Market; it also offers the examination of the global market. To make the report more potent and easy to understand, it consists of info graphics and diagrams. Furthermore, it has different policies and improvement plans which are presented in summary. It analyzes the technical barriers, other issues, and cost-effectiveness affecting the market.

Global DNA and Gene Chips Market Research Report 2020 carries in-depth case studies on the various countries which are involved in the DNA and Gene Chips market. The report is segmented according to usage wherever applicable and the report offers all this information for all major countries and associations. It offers an analysis of the technical barriers, other issues, and cost-effectiveness affecting the market. Important contents analyzed and discussed in the report include market size, operation situation, and current & future development trends of the market, market segments, business development, and consumption tendencies. Moreover, the report includes the list of major companies/competitors and their competition data that helps the user to determine their current position in the market and take corrective measures to maintain or increase their share holds.

What questions does the DNA and Gene Chips market report answer pertaining to the regional reach of the industry?

The report claims to split the regional scope of the DNA and Gene Chips market into North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America & Middle East and Africa. Which among these regions has been touted to amass the largest market share over the anticipated duration

How do the sales figures look at present how does the sales scenario look for the future?

Considering the present scenario, how much revenue will each region attain by the end of the forecast period?

How much is the market share that each of these regions has accumulated presently

How much is the growth rate that each topography will depict over the predicted timeline

A short overview of the DNA and Gene Chips market scope:

Global market remuneration

Overall projected growth rate

Industry trends

Competitive scope

Product range

Application landscape

Supplier analysis

Marketing channel trends Now and later

Sales channel evaluation

Market Competition Trend

Market Concentration Rate

Reasons to Read this Report

This report provides pin-point analysis for changing competitive dynamics

It provides a forward looking perspective on different factors driving or restraining market growth

It provides a six-year forecast assessed on the basis of how the market is predicted to grow

It helps in understanding the key product segments and their future

It provides pin point analysis of changing competition dynamics and keeps you ahead of competitors

It helps in making informed business decisions by having complete insights of market and by making in-depth analysis of market segments

TABLE OF CONTENT:

Chapter 1:DNA and Gene Chips Market Overview

Chapter 2: Global Economic Impact on Industry

Chapter 3:DNA and Gene Chips Market Competition by Manufacturers

Chapter 4: Global Production, Revenue (Value) by Region

Chapter 5: Global Supply (Production), Consumption, Export, Import by Regions

Chapter 6: Global Production, Revenue (Value), Price Trend by Type

Chapter 7: Global Market Analysis by Application

Chapter 8: Manufacturing Cost Analysis

Chapter 9: Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers

Chapter 10: Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders

Chapter 11: DNA and Gene Chips Market Effect Factors Analysis

Chapter 12: GlobalDNA and Gene Chips Market Forecast to 2027

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About Us:

Reports And Markets is part of the Algoro Research Consultants Pvt. Ltd. and offers premium progressive statistical surveying, market research reports, analysis & forecast data for industries and governments around the globe. Are you mastering your market? Do you know what the market potential is for your product, who the market players are and what the growth forecast is? We offer standard global, regional or country specific market research studies for almost every market you can imagine.

Contact Us:

Sanjay Jain

Manager Partner Relations & International Marketing

http://www.reportsandmarkets.com

Ph: +1-352-353-0818 (US)

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Research on DNA and Gene Chips Market (impact of COVID-19) with Top Players: Bio MrieuxSA, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Savyon Diagnostics, Agilent...

A man buried in a huge, roughly 5,200-year-old Irish stone tomb was the product of incest, a new study finds.

DNA extracted from the ancient mans remains displays an unusually large number of identical versions of the same genes. That pattern indicates that his parents were either a brother and sister or a parent and child, a team led by geneticists Lara Cassidy and Daniel Bradley of Trinity College Dublin reports June 17 in Nature.

That new DNA discovery combined with the monumental tomb suggests that ruling families who wielded enough power to direct big building projects emerged among some early European farming communities, the researchers contend.

The mans bones had previously been found in the Newgrange passage tomb, an earthen mound covering more than 4,000 square meters near the River Boyne. A rooftop opening in a 19-meter-long stone passage allows sunlight to reach deep into a chamber inside the mound on the shortest days of the year, suggesting the structure held astrological and religious significance (SN: 6/29/74). It may have been built this way to mark a new year in dramatic fashion, perhaps while winter solstice ceremonies were conducted.

Cassidy and Bradleys team studied DNA from 44 individuals buried in various Irish tombs and graves dating to between roughly 6,600 and 4,500 years ago. Only the Newgrange man, who was interred in the largest and most impressive structure, had inherited genetic markers of incest.

Socially sanctioned incest tends to be rare throughout history but is known from instances of royal inbreeding. Mating between brothers and sisters, for example, occurred in some ancient societies with ruling families headed by men regarded as gods not subject to human incest taboos. Ancient Egypts King Tutankhamun, whose rule began 3,352 years ago, was the son of a brother and sister. So finding the offspring of inbreeding in such an impressive stone structure is highly suggestive of a practice of inbreeding among elites, even if not conclusive, the researchers say.

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DNA from a 5,200-year-old Irish tomb hints at ancient royal incest - Science News

The impetus for the campaign can be traced back to a crime spree in the northern Chinese region of Inner Mongolia. For nearly three decades, the police there investigated the rapes and murders of 11 women and girls, one as young as 8. They collected 230,000 fingerprints and sifted through more than 100,000 DNA samples. They offered a $28,000 reward.

Then, in 2016, they arrested a man on unrelated bribery charges, according to the state news media. Analyzing his genes, they found he was related to a person who had left his DNA at the site of the 2005 killing of one of the women. That person, Gao Chengyong, confessed to the crimes and was later executed.

Mr. Gaos capture spurred the state media to call for the creation of a national database of male DNA. The police in Henan Province showed it was possible, after amassing samples from 5.3 million men, or roughly 10 percent of the provinces male population, between 2014 and 2016. In November 2017, the Ministry of Public Security, which controls the police, unveiled plans for a national database.

China already holds the worlds largest trove of genetic material, totaling 80 million profiles, according to state media. But earlier DNA gathering efforts were often more focused. Officials targeted criminal suspects or groups they considered potentially destabilizing, like migrant workers in certain neighborhoods. The police have also gathered DNA from ethnic minority groups like the Uighurs as a way to tighten the Communist Partys control over them.

The effort to compile a national male database broadens those efforts, said Emile Dirks, an author of the report from the Australian institute and a Ph.D. candidate in the department of political science at the University of Toronto. We are seeing the expansion of those models to the rest of China in an aggressive way that I dont think weve seen before, Mr. Dirks said.

In the report released by the Australian institute, it estimated that the authorities aimed to collect DNA samples from 35 million to 70 million men and boys, or roughly 5 percent to 10 percent of Chinas male population. They do not need to sample every male, because one persons DNA sample can unlock the genetic identity of male relatives.

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China Is Collecting DNA From Tens of Millions of Men and Boys, Using U.S. Equipment - The New York Times