Category Archives: DNA

STONY BROOK, NY--(Marketwire - Nov 29, 2012) - Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. ( OTCBB : APDN ), (Twitter: @APDN), a provider of DNA-based anti-counterfeiting technology and product authentication solutions, announced today the availability of a third-party SigNature DNA-marking service for electronics.

The service will provide a turn-key solution for ramping up SigNature DNA marking at the highest levels of quality and standards compliance.Electronics companies who opt to use the service benefit from a fast-track route to compliance with the requirement to use SigNature DNA marking issued by the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA), as well as for delivery to commercial buyers.

Said Dr. James A. Hayward, CEO and President of Applied DNA Sciences, "We are listening to our customers and prospective customers, who realize that a shorter time to market for this service has great competitive benefits for them.We are aware that, in the military sphere, important deadlines are approaching."

DLA, in a "Frequently Asked Questions for DNA Marking," issued November 8, stated that it is "firmly committed to a robust anti-counterfeiting program."In addition, DLA Vice-Admiral Mark Harnichek has stated that DNA marking is one of "four big things" that DLA is doing currently to mitigate counterfeit risk.

The new APDN service offers secure off-site implementation of SigNature DNA marking for companies who have met the qualification requirements for participation in the program.The third-party DNA marking service packages creation of a unique SigNature DNA mark with a quick-startup marking program at ADNAS facilities or at those of a licensee.SMT Corporation, based in Sandy Hook, CT is prepared to fulfill SigNature DNA marking orders immediately.

The DLA mandate for use of SigNature DNA was announced on August 7 in a clause in Defense Logistics Acquisition Directive (DLAD) 52.211-9074, and was expanded on November 7 with a provision atDLAD 52.211-9008. This mandate specifically requires SigNature DNA marking for procurements of items falling within Federal Supply Class 5962, Electronic Microcircuits.

While the DLA mandate applies only to procurements made by DLA, APDN's third-party marking service is designed to accommodate all government and commercial enterprises that are interested in the legal, health and safety, and brand protection benefits of the authentication platform.The company pointed out that SigNature DNA has been used and tested on a wide variety of products.

This year, new laws and regulations have cast a new national spotlight on anti-counterfeiting technologies like SigNature DNA.A well-known example is in the anti-counterfeiting language in Section 818 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012 (Section 818).A major deadline for Section 818, which imposes strict requirements for control of counterfeits, is due to be reached soon.

About Applied DNA Sciences

APDN is a provider of botanical-DNA based security and authentication solutions that can help protect products, brands and intellectual property of companies, governments and consumers from theft, counterfeiting, fraud and diversion. SigNature DNA and smartDNA, our principal anti-counterfeiting and product authentication solutions that essentially cannot be copied, provide a forensic chain of evidence and can be used to prosecute perpetrators.

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Applied DNA Sciences Announces Third-Party Service for SigNature(R) DNA Authentication Marking of Electronics

A video from Harvard's Wyss Institute explains how strands of DNA can be assembled into three-dimensional nanostructures like tiny Lego building blocks.

By Alan Boyle

Researchers at Harvard's Wyss Institute have coaxed single strands of DNA to fit together like Lego bricks and form scores of complex three-dimensional shapes, including a teeny-tiny space shuttle. The technique, described in this week's issue of the journal Science, adds a new dimension to molecular construction and should help open the way for nanoscale medical and electronic devices.

"This is a simple, versatile and robust method," the study's senior author, Peng Yin, said in a news release.

The method starts with synthetic strands of DNA that take in just 32 nucleotides, or molecularbits of genetic code. These individual "bricks" are coded in a way that they fit together like Lego pegs and holes to form larger shapes of a specific design. A cube built up from 1,000 such bricks (10 by 10 by 10) measures just 25 nanometers in width. That's thousands of times smaller than the diameter of a single human hair.

The latest research builds upon work that the Wyss researchers detailed in May, which involved piecing together DNA strands to create two-dimensional tiles (including cute smiley faces). This time around, the strands were twisted in such a way that they could be interlocked, Lego-style. As any visitor to Legoland knows, such structures can get incredibly complex in the hands of a skilled builder.

Yin and his colleagues are still learning their building techniques. Fortunately, the bricks could be programmed to build themselves, with the aid of 3-D modeling software. Once the designs were set, the researchers synthesized strands with the right combinations of nucleotides adenosine, thymine, cytosine and guanine so that when they were mixed together in a solution, at least some of the bricks would form the desired design.

To demonstrate the method, 102 different 3-D shapes were created using a 1,000-brick template.

The Wyss researchers reported a wide variation in assembly success rate, or yield: Depending on the design, the yield ranged from 1 percent to 40 percent.That's roughly in the same range as the success rate for another method for molecular assembly, known as DNA origami. The origami method requires more custom work to design the "staples" to hold the DNA structures together, while the Lego-style method can rely more easily on a standard toolbox of DNA bricks.

In the future, DNA origami and DNA brick-building may be used together, said Kurt Gothelf, director of the Center for DNA Nanotechnology at Aarhus University in Denmark. "It is likely that a combination of the two methods will pave the way for making even larger structures in higher yields," Gothelf wrote in a commentary for Science.

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Scientists build with tiny bricks of DNA

Scientists have developed a new method of imaging the building blocks of life. It involves an electron microscope and a bed of nails.

DNA, we are taught early on, is colorful. The building block of life is not just a whirligig-like twist, its purines and pyrimidines neatly paired and labeled; it is also an explosion of primary reds and blues and greens and yellows, the As and the Gs and the Cs and the Ts linked together to create a kind of modified, twisted rainbow.

Of course, that rendering takes artistic license. Watson and Crick determined DNA's structure[pdf, but a highly awesome one] based on a combination of sophisticated guesswork and, crucially, x-ray crystallography -- and that remains a workable, and powerful, technique for visualizing DNA strands. But crystallography creates its own kind of rendering: It's a technology whose imaging power relies on diffracted light. When we look at those now-iconic images of the double helix, the fuzzy X inside the fuzzy O, we're not seeing the DNA itself so much as we're seeing x-rays deflected from its atoms.

Which makes the image below pretty amazing. Though it is significantly less colorful than textbook DNA, and a tad less tidy than the double helix-demonstrating images produced by x-ray crystallography, it is, in certain ways, much more realistic. It isn't a rendering; it's a direct image of DNA, captured through an electron microscope. Yes. YES.

Computer renderings and actual images of a DNA molecule, as seen through an electron microscope (Enzo di Fabrizio via New Scientist)

The image showsa single thread of double-stranded DNAsuspended on a bed of nanoscopic silicon pillars. It wascreated by Enzo di Fabrizio and a team at Italy's University of Genoa, which developed a new technique ("an experimental breakthrough," they call it) for the purpose. The team, New Scientist reports, found a way to snag strands of DNA out of a dilute solution by, essentially, dehydrating them. They developed a pattern of extremely water-repellent, silicon nanopillars -- pillars that would cause moisture to evaporate quickly and leave behind strands of DNA as threads. And then, at the base of their "nanopillar bed," the team drilled tiny (very, very tiny) holes. And through those holes, they shone beams of electrons, which allowed them to capture relatively high-resolution images of the DNA thread.

And here's an even-closer-up view of the strand itself, its base pairs fuzzily evident in the magnification.

The team justpublished the details of this imaging technique in the journal Nanoletters. And the new system represents a significant step forward for nanobiology and all the fields connected to it, giving scientists a new way to understand DNA. Particularly when it comes to its structure -- the stuff beyond the double helix. "Direct imaging becomes important," the paper notes, "when the knowledge at few/single molecule level is requested and where the diffraction does not allow to get structural and functional information." The technique, New Scientist points out, will help researchers to understand more precisely how proteins, RNA, and other biomolecules interact with DNA.

Which is exciting. But even for those of us who are not researchers, the new approach gives us a whole new way to do something else: to see where we came from.

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What DNA Actually Looks Like

STONY BROOK, NY--(Marketwire - Nov 29, 2012) - Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. ( OTCBB : APDN ), (Twitter: @APDN), a provider of DNA-based anti-counterfeiting technology and product authentication solutions, announced today that it has signed multiple contracts in support of the mandate by the Defense Logistics Agency for use of APDN's SigNature DNA marking and authentication technology.

These electronics companies have or will receive SigNature DNA and essential materials and services from APDN for DNA marking during or after manufacture.These steps will qualify them as SigNature DNA-compliant.

For manufacturers, a SigNature DNA Authenticity Mark as applied in production, certifies authenticity in an absolute, transparent and verifiable manner.For distributors and others, a SigNature DNA Provenance Mark establishes traceability to the point of the mark, assuring the entire supply chain that the part can be tracked to a supplier.

The contracts will enable electronics companies to fulfill the DLA mandate, announced on August 7 in a clause in Defense Logistics Acquisition Directive (DLAD) 52.211-9074, and expanded on November 7 with a provision atDLAD 52.211-9008. This mandate specifically requires SigNature DNA marking for procurements of items falling within Federal Supply Class 5962, Electronic Microcircuits. The requirement applies only to procurements made by DLA.

The developing list of participating defense contractors will enable the military electronics supply chain to move toward compliance with the anti-counterfeiting language in Section 818 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012 (Section 818).A major deadline for Section 818, which imposes strict requirements for control of counterfeits, is due to be reached very soon. In a press announcement released on October 31, DLA pointed to the connection between the mandate and the coming implementation of NDAA Section 818:

The new requirement also facilitates the goals of Congress to protect DoD's supply chains and national cybersecurity, which Congress outlined in the 2012 National Defense Authorization Act. This requires DoD, as well as industry, to develop counterfeit item detection and prevention measures for electronic items.

In the same press announcement, DLA stressed the "broad implications" of its DNA marking mandate, stretching beyond electronics, saying:

DLA is initially targeting microelectronics, but the technology is used with other commodities commercially and has broad implications for other DLA products and equipment at risk for counterfeiting.

APDN suggested that electronics companies check with suppliers to find whether they have joined the list of companies which are SigNature DNA-compliant.

Janice Meraglia, Vice President, Military and Government Programs for Applied DNA Sciences, said, "DLA, in its efforts to provide support to our war fighters, has worked for years to develop new technology and processes to mitigate counterfeit risk.We are pleased to see these efforts materialized in the electronics industry, something which will benefit industry and national security."

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Applied DNA Sciences Announces Industry Contracts for SigNature(R) DNA Marking of Electronics

A tiny space shuttle made out of DNA "LEGO bricks" shows how scientists could someday build new technologies on the smallest scales.

Single DNA strands became "LEGO bricks" that could assemble together by themselves into 102 individual 3D shapes. Harvard researchers manipulated the DNA coding of the bricks so that they could form solid shapes such as the tiny shuttle, honeycomb structures, and even "written" features on a solid base such as numbers and letters of the English alphabet.

"Once we know how to compile the correct code of complex shapes and add it to the synthetic DNA strands, everything else is simple and natural," said Yonggang Ke, a chemist at Harvard University. "Those DNA strands are like smart LEGO bricks that know exactly where to go by themselves."

DNA bricks offer a powerful new tool for building structures in the tiniest detail, according to Ke and his colleagues in their study detailed in the Nov. 29 online edition of the journal Science. The work could lead to tiny medical devices for delivering drugs inside the human body or next-generation computer circuits.

But the DNA nanotechnology breakthrough also touches upon one of science's greatest mysteries how life on Earth assembled itself from a jumble of molecules in the primordial ooze. A DNA strand's width is about 1 nanometer (1 billionth of a meter) far smaller than a human hair's width of 60,000 nanometers.

Replicating life's miracle

The idea of DNA bricks that can assemble into shapes on their own seems fantastical for humans used to building things step-by-step. But it's just a hint of what nature does all the time through self-assembly, Ke said.

"All life forms on earth are self-assembled, in an environment of an enormous amount of small molecules and macromolecules, such as DNA, RNA and proteins much, much messier than our small DNA "soup" in a test tube," Ke told TechNewsDaily.

The Harvard lab of Peng Yin, senior author on the new study, had used DNA to build 2D shapes. The 3D breakthrough relied upon the bricks each consisting of a single DNA strand with 32 nucleotides DNA's building block molecules that can bind to as many as four neighboring bricks.

Two bricks connect to one another at a 90-degree angle to form a 3D shape, similar to connecting a pair of two-stud LEGO bricks. Researchers designed the 3D shapes they wanted by manipulating the coded "recipe" of how DNA's base pair molecules bind to one another. [New DNA Computer Stores 1 Bit of Data]

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DNA 'LEGOs' Build a Mini Space Shuttle

Main Show Only - Zodiac Killings - Coast to Coast AM
Date: 04-22-12 Host: George Knapp Guests: Tom Voigt, William Pepper George Knapp welcomed Tom Voigt, an expert on the Zodiac killings, for a discussion on the case, the victims, and the suspects behind the infamous slayings. "It #39;s ridiculous that so much evidence can exist and so many clues can exist and yet we still don #39;t know this guy #39;s name," he lamented. Despite it being over 40 years since the Zodiac killer struck, Voigt was confident that the case will eventually be definitively solved. To that end, he revealed that the Napa County sheriff #39;s department have recently taken a fresh look at the case and are hoping to extract the killer #39;s DNA from the physical evidence they have from his crimes. "After all these years," Voigt marveled, "there might be some actual evidence that will point to his identity." In looking at what may have been the motivation behind the Zodiac killer, Voigt suggested that his habit of writing taunting letters to the press may be a critical clue, since the actual murders do not fit the classic mold of a serial killer. "He only had a handful of victims, but he had 20 letters," Voigt said, "it tells me that what was really important to him was what he put in his letters." As such, he observed that these letters served to mock the police, frighten the public, and, ultimately, create "a whole big mess." While this motivation may suggest that the Zodiac was merely an egomaniac driven by the desire to gain perverse notoriety for his crimes, Voigt was ...From:Geoff ThomasViews:0 0ratingsTime:01:18:54More inEducation

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Main Show Only - Zodiac Killings - Coast to Coast AM - Video

Momoiro Clover Z "DNA Rhapsody" English Subbed
DNA Rhapsody (Maybe you call DNA Kyoshikyoku) is recorded in Momoclo #39;s single "Moretsu Uchu....". Even though this is not a single song, Momoclo plays this song many times in their live show.From:ospe7777Views:2 0ratingsTime:04:26More inMusic

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Momoiro Clover Z "DNA Rhapsody" English Subbed - Video

After The Show November 28
See what happened after the DNA test with Felipe and Freda backstage.From:jeremykyletvshowViews:0 0ratingsTime:01:18More inEntertainment

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After The Show November 28 - Video

Music Animation Machine: Stephen Malinowski at TEDxZurich
The subtleties and intricate patterns at the core of DNA of western classical music mdash;which have enchanted and fascinated people for centuries mdash;still challenge us today: how do we find our way into a musical language developed long ago and containing considerable structural complexities? Musician and inventor Stephen Malinowski uses a simple visual approach to stimulate our ability to build expectations and thereby enhance our engagement with the music. In this TEDx performance, Malinowski uses a newly-developed version of his Music Animation Machine software which allows him to synchronize his graphical score in a live performance. Violinist Etienne Abelin who collaborated on the development of this technology will play music of Johann Sebastian Bach, together with pianist Dorothy Yeung. Born in Santa Monica, California, USA in 1953, Stephen Malinowski studied composition with Thea Musgrave, Peter Fricker and Stanley Krebs. He started working on the Music Animation Machine in the 1970s, writing computer software in the 1980s, selling videotapes of his animations in the 1990s and working as a developer of psychoacoustically-inspired audio processing algorithms in 2001. In 2011 he created the animations for Bjrk #39;s Biophilia app. He developed the live synchronization tool in 2012 and premiered it together with Etienne Abelin of classYcal in October 2012 with the Nuernberg Symphony Orchestra, at TEDxZurich and at the Ynight -- Classical in Club in Zurich. Over 100 million ...From:TEDxTalksViews:0 0ratingsTime:04:09More inNonprofits Activism

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Music Animation Machine: Stephen Malinowski at TEDxZurich - Video

Jack Wilshere - Arsenal Spirit | HD
Hadriano10i Production : Jack Wilshere True Gunner Arsenal DNAFrom:NaukaLAGViews:1 1ratingsTime:03:45More inSports

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Jack Wilshere - Arsenal Spirit | HD - Video