Category Archives: DNA

DENVERNearly all people going through Colorado's criminal court system would have to submit DNA samples under a bill introduced Tuesday at the state House.

The measure would require those convicted of misdemeanorsfrom shoplifting to assaultto submit DNA samples. Those samples would be entered into a database where it would be compared with DNA found at scenes of unsolved crimes.

If approved, Colorado would become only the second state in the nation to have such a law, according to Rich Williams, a criminal justice policy specialist with the National Conference of State Legislatures.

In October, New York began collecting DNA from those convicted of misdemeanors, with an exception for those with no previous criminal records who are convicted of marijuana offenses.

DNA would be collected through a cheek swab, then sent to the Colorado Bureau of Investigation for testing and to a state database.

More than half the states, including Colorado, collect DNA from those accused of felonies under a law known as "Katie's Law," named after 22-year-old Katie Sepich, who was raped and murdered in New Mexico in 2003. The man who pleaded guilty to her slaying had been arrested on a felony just months before her death.

Previously, only DNA of those convicted of felonies went into state databases. The United States Supreme Court last week heard arguments in a case out of Maryland that considers whether such laws violate the rights of those who should be presumed innocent and whether DNA should be considered the "fingerprints of the 21st century."

Courts have previously upheld the constitutionality of collecting DNA from those convicted of felonies.

Prosecutors credit "Katie's Law" with solving cold cases and stopping repeat offenders. Denver District Attorney Mitch Morrissey, a supporter of the new measure and longtime advocate for expanding DNA testing, noted the successes following New York's implementation of collecting DNA from those convicted of misdemeanors.

In one instance, a man convicted of a misdemeanor for jumping a subway turnstile was later linked by DNA to multiple unsolved rapes, Morrissey said.

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Bill would require DNA from misdemeanor convicts

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DNA unlocks pre-slavery African ancestors | Finding Your Roots on PBS America
FINDING YOUR ROOTS - premieres Sundays at 8pm from 24 February PBS America | Sky 166 | Virgin Media 243 | PBS America Innovative DNA analysis and techniques are used throughout this exciting and informative new genealogy series, which is essentially an American Who Do You Think You Are? featuring the likes of Samuel L Jackson, Robert Downey Jr, Martha Stewart and Kevin Bacon. Henry Louis Gates Jr and his team use this science to pick up where the paper trail runs out, and discover hidden branches of the 25 well-known contributors #39; family trees. For most Americans of African descent, documentation simply does not exist prior to 1870. These new DNA techniques allow scientists to cross-reference specific DNA sequences with a massive database of samples and thereby identify the geographical area in Africa from which the ancestors of many - including Samuel L Jackson, Condoleezza Rice, John Lewis and Branford Marsalis - originated.

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DNA unlocks pre-slavery African ancestors | Finding Your Roots on PBS America - Video

The Protection of Freedoms Act gained Royal Assent on 1 May 2012.

Sections 1 25 of the Act cover DNA and fingerprint retention.

There is a timetable for bringing these sections of the Act into force.

The Protection of Freedoms Act implements the commitment in the governments coalition agreement to reform DNA and fingerprint retention so that only peopleconvicted of an offence will have their material retained indefinitely. Currently material is retained indefinitely from anybody arrested whether innocent or convicted.

The Act constitutes the UKs response to the 2008 judgment of the European Court of Human Rights in Marper v UK. In that case, the court ruled that blanket retention of DNA taken from innocent people posed a disproportionate interference with the right to private life, in violation of Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights.

The Act aims to strike a balance between protecting the privacy and human rights of the public, and protecting them from crime by keeping the right people on the DNA and fingerprint databases. The provisions are as follows:

A DNA sample is an individuals biological material, containing all of their genetic information, not simply the 20 numbers that make up the DNA profiles stored on the database.The Act requires all DNA samples to be destroyed within six months of being taken. This allows sufficient time for the sample to be analysed and a DNA profile to be produced for use on the database.

In exceptional circumstances a court order can be made allowing longer retention of the DNA sample for use in complex court cases.

A DNA profile consists of a string of 20 numbers and two letters to indicate gender. This number string is stored on the National DNA Database (NDNAD). It allows the person to be identified if they leave their DNA at a crime scene.

Fingerprints are usually scanned electronically from the individual in custody and the images stored on IDENT1, the national fingerprint database.

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Protection of Freedoms Act 2012 – DNA and fingerprint provisions

DNA Tribes (Before The Results)
DNA Tribes- Part 1 (Before The Results)

By: Ronald Johnson

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PORTLAND, Ore. More than 30 years after an Oregon high school student was found dead in a drainage ditch, authorities this week charged her former neighbor with aggravated murder thanks to advances in DNA technology, according to the Washington County Sheriff's Office.

Kenneth Lee Hicks, 49, of St. Helens, was arrested Wednesday and booked into the county jail without bail, according to a KOIN.com report.

Hicks was 19 when Lori Billingsley's body was found Oct. 10, 1982, in a drainage ditch in the community of Aloha. The 17-year-old had been beaten, stabbed, strangled and sexually assaulted.

The evening before, Billingsley was last seen leaving her home with a group of friends, KOIN.com reported. She was reportedly found beaten to death just 12 hours later.

Hicks was Billingsley's neighbor and the last person to see her alive, the Sheriff's Office said. Sgt. Bob Ray said Hicks was a prime suspect at the time, and detectives believed he knew more than he was telling during interviews. After more than a year of pursuing the case, detectives decided there was insufficient evidence to arrest him.

In 1991, when DNA evidence was gaining recognition as an investigative tool, the Sheriff's Office submitted evidence from the Billingsley homicide to the Oregon State Police crime lab. No profile was identified and the case grew colder.

In December 2010, Mike O'Connell, a retired sheriff's office detective, returned part-time to help solve cold cases and started working on the Billingsley homicide. DNA technology had advanced a great deal in two decades and, last April, O'Connell served a search warrant to obtain Hicks' DNA.

Hicks' DNA profile matched the DNA evidence from the homicide, Ray said.

Ray credited Detective Jim Welch, now deceased, for conducting a thorough investigation back in 1982, saying his work was invaluable to the detectives who re-examined the case.

"The DNA was just the last piece of the puzzle," Ray said.

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DNA match leads to arrest In 1982 cold case murder

WARSAW, Poland (AP) -- One of Poland's top veterinarians said Thursday that traces of horse-meat DNA have been found in beef samples taken from three meat processors the first acknowledgement that the country could be a source of the horse meat that fraudulently ended up in processed meat products sold as beef across Europe.

Deputy National Veterinarian Janusz Zwiazek said the DNA was found in three samples out of 121 tested. They came from cold storage at processing plants in central Poland. The meat arrived there from various suppliers in Poland and abroad, including from the Netherlands, Zwiazek told The Associated Press.

Dutch authorities also announced Thursday that their large-scale testing program has uncovered horse meat in two samples out of 370 tests it has carried out since Europe's horse meat scandal erupted.

The country's Food and Wares Authority said it found horse DNA in a batch of beef cuttings and in a meatball labeled as containing only beef and pork at a meat processor and a frozen storage center.

The authority did not release the names of the companies where it found the horse meat traces.

In Greece, authorities said they detected traces of horse meat in salami labeled as containing beef that was imported from the Netherlands, and in frozen kebabs packaged locally. It was unclear whether the kebab meat was locally produced or imported, and food safety authorities were not available for comment.

Greece first detected horse DNA in meat labeled as beef on Wednesday, in frozen meat from Romania.

Polish authorities said some 80 more samples are to be tested, and separate tests are needed to determine the proportion of horse meat.

All three contamination cases have been reported to the prosecutors, Zwiazek said.

"I want to find the culprit, or culprits," he said.

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Poland finds horse meat DNA in beef samples

Nicolle Rager Fuller / NSF

An artist's conception shows an RNA molecule, which may have served as an early form of life on Earth.

By Charles ChoiLiveScience

The human genome can generate molecular hoops similar in makeup to DNA that could potently interfere with genetic activity, researchers say.

These findings reveal there are secrets within the genomes of humans and other animals that scientists are still uncovering, and the old belief that life has useless junk DNA is more false than ever, scientists added.

Discovering more about circular versions of RNA (a molecule similar to DNA that can carry genetic information) could also lead to new ways of fighting diseases such as diabetes, brain tumors and Parkinson's disease, investigators added.

The human genome the blueprint for human life is made of DNA. From the genome, intermediate molecules known as RNA are created that help manufacture key biomolecules such as proteins, which then carry out cellular processes.

After international teams of researchers completely sequenced the human genome, they found about 95 percent of it unexpectedly did not code for proteins. Since this noncoding DNA initially seemed to have no known biological function, some scientists referred to it as junk DNA. [Unraveling the Human Genome: 6 Molecular Milestones]

However, over time, researchers have discovered this noncoding DNA can serve a wide variety of vital purposes. For instance, noncoding DNA can give rise to snippets of RNA known as micro-RNA that can suppress the so-called messenger RNA that normally helps manufacture proteins. This micro-RNA serves a key role in controlling genetic activity, and scientists are developing therapies based on micro-RNA to dampen harmful, malfunctioning genes.

Now researchers find the genomes of humans and other animals can generate circular RNA, highly stable rings that can sponge up micro-RNA, apparently keeping them from interfering with genetic activity if necessary.

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Odd molecular hoops dispel 'junk DNA' myth