Category Archives: DNA

Researchers have created a new type of molecular motor made of DNA and demonstrated its potential by using it to transport a nanoparticle along the length of a carbon nanotube.

The design was inspired by natural biological motors that have evolved to perform specific tasks critical to the function of cells, said Jong Hyun Choi, a Purdue University assistant professor of mechanical engineering.

Whereas biological motors are made of protein, researchers are trying to create synthetic motors based on DNA, the genetic materials in cells that consist of a sequence of four chemical bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. The walking mechanism of the synthetic motors is far slower than the mobility of natural motors. However, the natural motors cannot be controlled, and they don't function outside their natural environment, whereas DNA-based motors are more stable and might be switched on and off, Choi said.

"We are in the very early stages of developing these kinds of synthetic molecular motors," he said.

New findings were detailed in a research paper published this month in the journal Nature Nanotechnology.

In coming decades, such molecular motors might find uses in drug delivery, manufacturing and chemical processing.

The new motor has a core and two arms made of DNA, one above and one below the core. As it moves along a carbon-nanotube track it continuously harvests energy from strands of RNA, molecules vital to a variety of roles in living cells and viruses.

The Nature Nanotechnology paper was authored by graduate students Tae-Gon Cha, Jing Pan and Haorong Chen; former undergraduate student Janette Salgado; graduate student Xiang Li; Chengde Mao, a professor of chemistry; and Choi.

"Our motors extract chemical energy from RNA molecules decorated on the nanotubes and use that energy to fuel autonomous walking along the carbon nanotube track," Choi said.

The core is made of an enzyme that cleaves off part of a strand of RNA. After cleavage, the upper DNA arm moves forward, binding with the next strand of RNA, and then the rest of the DNA follows. The process repeats until reaching the end of the nanotube track.

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DNA motor 'walks' along nanotube, transports tiny particle

Make a strawberry DNA cocktail
It #39;s mixology meets biology. Watch along as TED Fellow Oliver Medvedik walks you through the steps of how to create a yummy adult beverage that isolates stra...

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Make a strawberry DNA cocktail - Video

Details Published on Monday, 23 December 2013 14:40

The lower part of the face of the Emperor Pu-yi of Manchukuo, direct descendant of the Manchu rulers of China, is most distinctly Negroid/Kulture KriticCHINA is apparently finding out now what Black historians have been reporting for many years, the first inhabitants of China were in fact black.

H. Imbert, a French anthropologist said in his book, Les Negritos de la Chine,The Negroid races peopled at some time all the South of India, Indo-China and China. The South of Indo-China actually has now pure Negritos as the Semangs and mixed as the Malays and the Sakais.

Another author and professor, Chang Hsing-Lang, revealed similar information in writing The Importation of Negro Slaves to China under the Tang Dynasty, Even the sacred Manchu dynasty shows this Negro strain. The lower part of the face of the Emperor Pu-yi of Manchukuo, direct descendant of the Manchu rulers of China, is most distinctly Negroid.

These professors through their research and studies have reason to believe that a Negro Empire actually existed at the dawn of the countrys history citing evidence of substantial populations of Blacks in early China, including finding reports of a major kingdom ruled by Blacks being frequently mentioned in historical Chinese history documents. And,Chinese chroniclers report that a Negro Empire existed in the South of China at the dawn of that countrys history

The notion that blacks were the original inhabitants of China has been thwarted by white scientists and even some blacks as the result of a sweeping message of white superiority and inferiority of black Africans and their descendants spreading worldwide.

Negroid bone structure/Google ImagesIn 2005, DNA testing proved that the first inhabitants of China were black Africans. The study was conducted by a Chinese DNA specialist named Jin Li and a team of Chinese and other scientists. Li admits that he wasnt trying to prove this fact, instead he initially wanted to prove that the Chinese evolved from hmo erectus independently of all humans. After collecting more than 12000 DNA samples from 165 different ethnic groups, Li and his team found that early humans belonged to different species but modern humans had descended from the East African species.

One scientist on the team, Li Hui, said that 100,000 years ago humans began migrating through South and Southeast Asia into China from Africa. Their testing showed that 65 branches of Chinese all carry similar DNA mutations as the people of Southeast Asia.

Another scientist on the team, Jin Li had this to say about their findings, we did not see even one single individual that could be considered as a descendant of the hmo erectus in China, rather, everybody was a descendant of our ancestors from Africa.

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DNA Evidence Proves That The First People In China Were Black

DNA profiling (also called DNA testing, DNA typing, or genetic fingerprinting) is a technique employed by forensic scientists to assist in the identification of individuals by their respective DNA profiles. DNA profiles are encrypted sets of numbers that reflect a person's DNA makeup, which can also be used as the person's identifier. DNA profiling should not be confused with full genome sequencing.[1] It is used in, for example, parental testing and criminal investigation.

Although 99.9% of human DNA sequences are the same in every person, enough of the DNA is different to distinguish one individual from another, unless they are monozygotic twins.[2] DNA profiling uses repetitive ("repeat") sequences that are highly variable,[2] called variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs), particularly short tandem repeats (STRs). VNTR loci are very similar between closely related humans, but so variable that unrelated individuals are extremely unlikely to have the same VNTRs.

The DNA profiling technique was first reported in 1984[3] by Sir Alec Jeffreys at the University of Leicester in England,[4] and is now the basis of several national DNA databases. Dr. Jeffreys's genetic fingerprinting was made commercially available in 1987, when a chemical company, Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI), started a blood-testing centre in England.[5]

The process begins with a sample of an individual's DNA (typically called a "reference sample"). The most desirable method of collecting a reference sample is the use of a buccal swab, as this reduces the possibility of contamination. When this is not available (e.g. because a court order may be needed and not obtainable) other methods may need to be used to collect a sample of blood, saliva, semen, or other appropriate fluid or tissue from personal items (e.g. toothbrush, razor, etc.) or from stored samples (e.g. banked sperm or biopsy tissue). Samples obtained from blood relatives (biological relative) can provide an indication of an individual's profile, as could human remains which had been previously profiled.

A reference sample is then analyzed to create the individual's DNA profile using one of a number of techniques, discussed below. The DNA profile is then compared against another sample to determine whether there is a genetic match.

The first methods for finding out genetics used for DNA profiling involved restriction enzyme digestion, followed by Southern blot analysis. Although polymorphisms can exist in the restriction enzyme cleavage sites, more commonly the enzymes and DNA probes were used to analyze VNTR loci. However, the Southern blot technique is laborious, and requires large amounts of undegraded sample DNA. Also, Karl Brown's original technique looked at many minisatellite loci at the same time, increasing the observed variability, but making it hard to discern individual alleles (and thereby precluding parental testing). These early techniques have been supplanted by PCR-based assays.

In 1985 (see Mullis and Faloona 1987) a process was reported by which specific portions of the sample DNA can be amplified almost indefinitely (Saiki et al. 1985, 1988). This has revolutionized the whole field of DNA study. The process, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), mimics the biological process of DNA replication, but confines it to specific DNA sequences of interest.

In this process, the DNA sample is denatured into the separate individual strands. Two DNA primers are used to hybridize to two corresponding nearby sites on opposite DNA strands in such a fashion that the normal enzymatic extension of the active terminal of each primer (that is, the 3 end) leads toward the other primer. In this fashion, two new copies of the sequence of interest are generated.

Repeated denaturation, hybridization, and extension in this fashion produce an exponentially growing number of copies of the DNA of interest. The denaturation is generally performed by heating, and in this case using, replication enzymes that are tolerant of high temperatures (Taq DNA polymerase). Instruments that perform thermal cycling are now readily available from commercial sources. This process can produce a million-fold or greater amplification of the desired region in 2 hours or less.

With the invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, DNA profiling took huge strides forward in both discriminating power and the ability to recover information from very small (or degraded) starting samples. PCR greatly amplifies the amounts of a specific region of DNA, using oligonucleotide primers and a thermostable DNA polymerase. Early assays such as the HLA-DQ alpha reverse dot blot strips grew to be very popular due to their ease of use, and the speed with which a result could be obtained. However they were not as discriminating as RFLP. It was also difficult to determine a DNA profile for mixed samples, such as a vaginal swab from a sexual assault victim.

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DNA profiling - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

URL BORN LEGACY RECAP - GOODZ CHARLIE CLIPS DNA

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URL BORN LEGACY RECAP - GOODZ CHARLIE CLIPS DNA - Video

Team DNA Baby! - The MEGA Walls Chicken Yellow! and Red
Me and doc play some the walls this time the new beta kind extra big with 100 players! Show docm77 some love! 😀 https://www.youtube.com/user/docm77.

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Team DNA Baby! - The MEGA Walls Chicken Yellow! and Red - Video

Consequences of Infidelity: Spellchecking DNA with Thomas Kunkel, NIH Investigator
Read the story: http://irp.nih.gov/our-research/research-in-action/spellchecking-dna Thomas Kunkel inspects DNA replication fidelity for underpinnings of hea...

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Consequences of Infidelity: Spellchecking DNA with Thomas Kunkel, NIH Investigator - Video

UW|360 December 2013 -Synthetic DNA
UW|360 December 2013 -Synthetic DNA.

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UW|360 December 2013 -Synthetic DNA - Video

CS Descinderi DNA Chebutiu
http://adevarul.ro/locale/resita/descinderi-dna-oamenii-afaceri-adrian-chebutiu-adrian-preda-devalizarea-ucm-resita-1_52aff54dc7b855ff56c4f404/index.html.

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CS Descinderi DNA Chebutiu - Video

WOBURN -- A superior court judge has granted an Ayer man whose 35- to 40-year sentence for a 2006 rape was overturned access to the victim's fingernail swabbings to perform advanced DNA testing.

With Judge Jane Haggerty's ruling this month, the Middlesex District Attorney's Office has 30 days to decide whether to appeal the decision, according to David Coutu's attorney, Amy Belger.

If test results show the DNA belongs to someone other than Coutu, Belger said, "that evidence may exonerate Mr. Coutu, making him the third DNA exoneration out of Ayer alone. Kenny Waters and Dennis Maher being the other two."

In July, Haggerty overturned Coutu's 2007 jury conviction for aggravated rape, assault and battery causing serious bodily injury, home invasion, masked armed robbery and burning personal property.

The DA's Office is appealing that decision, but the judge went ahead with the DNA request to "keep things moving" in the case, Belger said.

Haggerty, who was the trial judge, ordered a new trial after finding Coutu's rights to a public trial were violated when his mother and one of his sisters were prohibited from entering the courtroom during the three-day jury selection.

Coutu's mother was subject to a sequestration order during the trial, because it was unclear if she would testify. But that order did not apply to jury selection.

Coutu, 52, has served about seven years of the 35- to 40-year sentence after being convicted of the 2006 rape of a woman using a "cat's paw" crowbar.

Belger said the conviction was overturned based on a "technical violation," but said it's an opportunity to retry the case with advanced DNA testing that wasn't available in 2007 on the crowbar and the victim's fingernail scrapings, she said.

After a two-week trial in July 2007, a Lowell Superior Court jury found that Coutu, also known as David Hebert, used a crowbar during the early-morning hours of March 9, 2006, to tunnel his way from an empty apartment into the victim's 41 West Main St. apartment in Ayer.

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Advanced DNA tests for Ayer rape case