Category Archives: DNA

Dec. 30, 2013 The ability to sequence the DNA of plants and animals has revolutionized many areas of biology, but the unstable character of DNA poses difficulties for sequencing specimens in museum collection over time. In an attempt to answer these issues, a recent study of 31 target spider species from the Naturalis Biodiversity Center in Leiden, discovers that both time and body size are significant factors in determining which specimens can produce DNA barcode sequences.

The study was published in a special issue of the open access journal ZooKeys.

The specimens contained in the world's natural history museums are the basis for most of what scientists know about biodiversity. Much like libraries, natural history museums are responsible for the long term preservation of their collections while circulating loans to active scientists. Museum curation techniques were developed over hundreds of years and optimized for anatomical preservation, and are often not ideal for preserving tissues for DNA sequencing.

DNA barcoding is an approach to the study of biodiversity that involves sequencing a standard region from the genome of an unidentified specimen and comparing it to a library of identified reference sequences representing many species. The success of this approach is in part dependent on the completeness of the library of reference sequences. When building such a reference library, specimens must either be freshly collected or taken from an existing collection.

The question addressed in this study is can we predict which specimens in a museum collection are likely to yield a successful DNA barcode sequence? If so, we can optimize our resources, wisely select museum specimens to sequence, and plan fresh collections to supplement. This study focused on Dutch spiders.

31 target species that have been frequently collected in the Netherlands over several decades and deposited in the Naturalis Biodiversity Center in Leiden were selected. For each target species, a series of increasingly older specimens was selected and brought to the lab for DNA sequencing. This was supplemented with freshly collected material representing nearly 150 Dutch spider species. The scientists recorded which specimens successfully produced DNA barcode sequences and which failed. They also experimented with DNA extraction techniques.

Typically, DNA extraction begins with the removal of muscle tissue; this is destructive extraction. An alternative approach is to soak the specimen in a solution that releases DNA from cells but does little or no damage to anatomy; this is nondestructive extraction. They found that failure rates for DNA barcode sequencing rise with time since collection, but body size is also a significant factor.

For freshly collected specimens overall, body size is not a predictor of sequencing success or failure. But larger species have a longer DNA barcoding shelf life than smaller species. Nondestructuve extraction techniques can significantly improve the chances of obtaining a DNA barcode sequence. Considering only the commonly applied destructive extraction method, small spiders are useful for only a few years while those with a body length of around 3 mm or more have a good chance of yielding a barcode sequence for about 20 years after collection.

But using nondestructive extraction, even small spiders with a body length of 4 mm or less have a good chance of yielding a DNA barcode sequence for about 15 years after collection while spiders above this size can yield barcode sequences for a considerably longer time. The success of nondestructive extraction demonstrated here coupled with the need to preserve museum specimens for a variety of research purposes bodes well for museum collections are source material for DNA barcode libraries.

More here:
The value of museum collections for development of DNA barcode libraries

Sandy Hook Hoax New Updates 12/27/2013 DNA Issue NOT Adam ELIMNATED
Sandy Hook Hoax New Updates Chat Room http://hoaxatsandyhook.blogspot.com/p/final-report-12.html Anon0573: Watching the Lanza house video....um why did they ...

By: danp5648

See the rest here:
Sandy Hook Hoax New Updates 12/27/2013 DNA Issue NOT Adam ELIMNATED - Video

lexwill DNA proof 4: the most important INDIAN video you #39;ll ever see
DNA vs Book of Mormon http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfxSscxh8o.

By: lex will

Excerpt from:
lexwill DNA proof 4: the most important INDIAN video you'll ever see - Video

WarFrame Season 4 part 31 With Rachel Dna Dana

By: Tim bhoni

The rest is here:
WarFrame Season 4 part 31 With Rachel Dna Dana - Video

December 30, 2013

Lee Rannals for redOrbit.com Your Universe Online

Researchers have determined that DNA barcoding could be useful in accurately monitoring marine mammal biodiversity.

Up to now, scientists have had a difficult time monitoring marine mammal biodiversity. Some species can be easily observed, while others are more difficult because of their scarcity or their discrete behavior. Researchers collaborated to determine whether or not DNA barcoding could be useful for monitoring this type of biodiversity, concluding that it could be a useful method in conjunction with a stranding network.

The presence of marine mammals is thought to reflect the health of a place, while the disappearance or displacement of the animals shows negative environmental changes.

One solution to monitor marine species is based on the organization of stranding networks listing and recording marine mammal strandings. However, scientists wrote in a special edition of the open access journal Zookeys about how DNA barcoding could also help monitor these creatures.

A routine use of DNA barcoding to monitor marine mammal biodiversity could increase a scientists ability to detect impacts that global climate change might have on these animals environments. Understanding these factors is necessary to take appropriate measures to try and conserve marine biodiversity.

The Centre de Recherche sur les Mammifres Marins (CRMM) in France created the French marine mammal stranding recording program at the beginning of the 1970s. This program consists of about 260 field correspondents, including members of several organizations as well as volunteers.

The network found that an average of 150 animals are stranded each year in a region located at the northwest of France. This number represents 14 species of cetaceans and five species of pinnipeds, including bottlenose dolphins, harbour porpoises, minke whales and fin whales. The strandings have even included deep-diving or rare species like arctic seals.

In this study, our aim was to determine the potential contribution of DNA barcoding to the monitoring of marine mammal biodiversity as performed by the stranding network, the team wrote in the journal.

See more here:
Marine Mammal Diversity Can Be Monitored Accurately With DNA

17 hours ago This is a Western Lesser Whitethroat from the Naturalis Biodiversity Center museum collections. Credit: Naturalis Biodiversity Center museum collections

DNA barcoding is used as an effective tool for both the identification of known species and the discovery of new ones. The core idea of DNA barcoding is based on the fact that just a small portion of a single gene already can show that there is less variation between the individuals of one species than between those of several species.

Thus, when comparing two barcode sequences one can establish whether these belong to one single species (viz. when the amount of variation falls within the 'normal' range of the taxon under consideration and below a certain threshold level) or possibly to two species (when the amount exceeds this level).

A recent study in the open access journal ZooKeys sequenced 388 individuals of 147 bird species from The Netherlands. 95% of these species were represented by a unique barcode, but with six species of gulls and skuas having at least one shared barcode. This is best explained by these species representing recent radiations with ongoing hybridization. In contrast, one species, the Western Lesser Whitethroat showed deep divergences between individuals, suggesting that they possibly represent two distinct taxa, the Western and the Northeastern Lesser Whitethroat.

Our study adds to a growing body of DNA barcodes that have become available for birds, and shows that a DNA barcoding approach enables to identify known Dutch bird species with a very high resolution. In addition, some species were flagged up for further detailed taxonomic investigation, illustrating that even in ornithologically well-known areas such as the Netherlands, more is to be learned about the birds that are present.

"The barcoding approach is particularly useful in musea", comments Dr. Aliabadian, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, "This illustrates the value of DNA tissue vouchers 'ready for use' from the bird collection of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center in Leiden."

Explore further: The value of museum collections for development of DNA barcode libraries

More information: Aliabadian M, Beentjes KK, Roselaar CS, van Brandwijk H, Nijman V, Vonk R (2013) DNA barcoding of Dutch birds. In: Nagy ZT, Backeljau T, De Meyer M, Jordaens K (Eds) DNA barcoding: a practical tool for fundamental and applied biodiversity research. ZooKeys 365: 2548. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.365.6287

Journal reference: ZooKeys

Provided by Pensoft Publishers

Read the original here:
Museum bird DNA 'ready for use' in Naturalis Biodiversity Center

MASON CITY | DNA analysis helped Mason City police and the Iowa Division of Criminal Investigation make an arrest in the 1994 murder of 20-month-old John Joseph Snyder Jr.

Michael Jason Cisneros, 37, formerly of Mason City, is accused of first-degree murder in the Mason City toddler's death.

The arrest was announced July 15 by Mason City Police Chief Mike Lashbrook during a news conference at the Police Department.

The boy was reported missing by his father, John Joseph Snyder Sr., on July 20, 1994. Snyder said he put his son to bed at 11 p.m. July 19 and awoke the next morning to find the boy missing from their apartment at 10 S. Adams Ave.

Snyder and the boy's mother, Lisa Sellmann, did not reside together at the time.

The boy's body was found July 21 snagged on a tree in Willow Creek just east of the Pennsylvania Avenue bridge.

According to autopsy reports, the cause of death was drowning and a crushing skull injury.

In 1994, DNA analysis was not done on evidence as the technology was not yet available.

But on Dec. 2, 2002, the Police Department was able to submit the evidence associated with the case and obtain DNA results. Those results were retained as part of the case file.

On Dec. 19, 2012, Cisneros was transported to the Iowa Medical and Classification Center in Oakdale.

More:
#4 DNA match led police to suspect in toddler murder

Red Dust replicates without DNA ETC 1
There is a secret that is hiding behind the Mystery of the Plagues of the past Participants in the project, please review the BIN articles for references and...

By: August Day

Originally posted here:
Red Dust replicates without DNA ETC 1 - Video

nephilim dna trying to mix with our dna a little DEEP but watch it a few times you will get it
2 seeds theirs and ours.

By: 101777truth

See the original post here:
nephilim dna trying to mix with our dna a little DEEP but watch it a few times you will get it - Video

Dont Flop Rap Battle | DNA vs Villun
Dont Flop Rap Battle | DNA vs Villun recap review.

By: Mark Anthony

Go here to see the original:
Dont Flop Rap Battle | DNA vs Villun - Video