Category Archives: DNA

DNA Part 3

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DNA Part 3 - Video

How To Allow RepoSystems GPS DNA PCv thru Firewall!
How To Allow RepoSystems GPS DNA PCv thru Firewall!

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Were still ENGAGED dna trapped tricked maury

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Were still ENGAGED dna trapped tricked maury - Video

Tom #39;s Diner - D.N.A. feat Suzanne Vega (HQ Audio) by Wat Remix
Tom #39;s Diner - D.N.A. feat Suzanne Vega (HQ Audio) by Wat Remix.

By: charm power

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Tom's Diner - D.N.A. feat Suzanne Vega (HQ Audio) by Wat Remix - Video

Following recent progress in DNA sequencing, California-based TeselaGen has developed a prototyping platform to help streamline synthetic biology experiments.

As the costs of DNA sequencing and synthesis plummet, a host of computer science-meets-biotech startups are emerging in Silicon Valley. Among the new players is San Francisco- headquartered TeselaGen, which creates middleware third party software which enables different IT applications to talk to each other for biotech labs looking to speed up the design and iteration of new DNA constructs. The company builds tools that help researchers set up and manage synthetic biology experiments and interpret data from lab equipment. According to TeselaGen CEO Mike Fero, the companys vision in developing a platform for rapid prototyping in synthetic biology is to help laboratories doing analysis to close the design-build-test-and-evolve loop. The company is currently backed by about $1 million in Small Business Innovation Research grants from theNational Science Foundation, an independent US government agency whose mission is to promote science and engineering through research programs and education projects.

The IT platform developed by TeselaGen aims to shorten the time frame it takes to get your DNA built and run more experiments, explains Mike Fero. TeselaGen has built visual tools that help researchers view, edit and manage sequences quickly and easily. The team has also created a design canvas that supports Synthetic Biology Open Language, an open set of standards that help synthetic biologists and genetic engineers share DNA designs. In addition they are leveraging j5, which is a new software-based tool that automates DNA assembly and design, promoting a faster design-build-test-and-evolve process. Like other companies in the field, TeselaGen gives its product away free to academic researchers, but charges corporate clients annual subscription fees.

A biologist might want to test 10,000 different variants of a design, with minor alterations in each. Right now, the cost of synthesizing each and every one of those constructs would be too expensive, and Mike Fero is hoping that that some of the products TeselaGen is building could in the future help to bring the costs of such experiments down considerably. Meanwhile, the advent of automated procedures in the biotechnology domain is reflected in the growth of companies such as scientific outsourcing provider Transcriptic, which runs fully automated labs, and Genome CompilerCorporation, which builds (CAM/CAD) design and manufacturing tools for biologists. Genome Compiler provides similar solutions to the sequence visualization tools that TeselaGen offers researchers, the major differences being that they are not based on Synthetic Biology Open Language and that Genome Complier does not use any equivalent to the j5 protocol. In the same way that large data flows are changing the way we solve problems nowadays, the next generation of synthetic biologists could well be relying solely on programming interfaces to carry out their experiments.

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TeselaGen provides a rapid prototyping platform for DNA synthesis

Ancient chicken DNA may shed light on the migratory patterns of early Polynesian people.

According to a new study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, ancient Polynesian chickens might not have migrated to South America as some scientists believe. Researchers came to their conclusion after comparing mitochondrial DNA taken from chicken bones from archeological sites in several Pacific islands with DNA taken from 122 feathers from modern chickens in the South Pacific.

"We were able to re-examine bones used in previous studies that had linked ancient Pacific and South American chickens, suggesting early human contact, and found that some of the results were contaminated with modern chicken DNA, which occurs at trace levels in many laboratory components," Professor Alan Cooper a professor from the University of Adelaide's Australian Centre for Ancient DNA said in a statement. "We were able to show that the ancient chicken DNA provided no evidence of any pre-Columbian contact between these areas."

The results showed that the chicken DNA had a distinct genetic marker that is not found in modern South American chickens, which suggests that the Polynesian and South American people did not have much contact.

"Indeed, the lack of the Polynesian sequences [of DNA] in modern South American chickens ... would argue against any trading contact as far as chickens go," Cooper told National Geographic.

By sequencing the ancient DNA, researchers were able to track the early movements and trading patterns in the Pacific.

"We can show [from chicken DNA] that the trail heads back into the Philippines," Cooper said. "We're currently working on tracing it farther northward from there. However, we're following a proxy, rather than the actual humans themselves."

The history behind the settlement of the Pacific Islands remains largely a mystery. Historians have determined the colonizing of the region took place in two phases: the first was more than 3,000 years ago when seafarers from Papua New Guinea sailed to islands like Vanuatu, Fiji, Tonga, Samoa, New Caledonia and populated them. The second took place around 800 A.D. when settlers came to the islands such as Tahiti, Bora Bora, the Marquesas, Easter Island, and Hawaii. To this day, exactly why and how these voyages were accomplished has left more questions than answers. Very few artifacts or writings remain.

"There are still many theories about where the early human colonists of the remote Pacific came from, which routes they followed and whether they made contact with the South American mainland, Jeremy Austin, ACAD Deputy Director said in a statement. Domestic animals, such as chickens, carried on these early voyages have left behind a genetic record that can solve some of these long standing mysteries."

One lingering question is whether the Polynesian people made it all the way to South America, and if they beat Christopher Columbus to it. The latest study says suggests this did not happen, but many scientists disagree.

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When Did Chickens Cross The Pacific Ocean? DNA Shows No Evidence Of Pre-Columbian Contact

hide captionA Filipino chicken vendor in Quezon City, east of Manila, Philippines. Researchers say Pacific island chicken are genetically similar to the variety found in the Philippines, but different from South American chicken.

A Filipino chicken vendor in Quezon City, east of Manila, Philippines. Researchers say Pacific island chicken are genetically similar to the variety found in the Philippines, but different from South American chicken.

An analysis of DNA from chicken bones collected in the South Pacific appears to dispel a long-held theory that the ubiquitous bird first arrived in South America aboard an ancient Polynesian seafarer's ocean-going outrigger.

Instead, researchers who sequenced mitochondrial DNA from modern and ancient chicken specimens collected from Polynesia and the islands of Southeast Asian found those populations are genetically distinct from chickens found in South America.

"[The] lack of the Polynesian sequences [of DNA] in modern South American chickens ... would argue against any trading contact as far as chickens go," says Alan Cooper, director of the Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, who is a co-author in the study published this week in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

(For a treatise on the origins of the domesticated chicken, and how the bird came to play such a key role in the human diet, see this.)

The finding may shed light on one of the most vexing questions in modern anthropology: Did South Pacific seafarers, who evidence shows settled island chains separated by vast stretches of ocean, reach the coast of South America before the time of Christopher Columbus?

The evidence is contradictory.

In a similar study published in 2007, researchers looked at chicken bones found at an archeological site in Chile that were radiocarbon dated to pre-Columbian times (between 1321 and 1407). DNA analysis of those specimens found what scientists thought was a genetic mutation unique to Polynesian chickens which would point to a Pacific origin for the birds only to discover later that the mutation is common in all chickens.

Alice Storey, an archeologist who led the 2007 study, is skeptical of the latest results. She says the new study focuses too much on modern DNA.

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Study: The Chicken Didn't Cross The Pacific To South America

So why did the chicken cross the Pacific? Well, apparently it didn't. At least not all the way.

Scientists looking into the DNA of ancient and modern chicken breeds found throughout Micronesia and Polynesia have determined that they are genetically distinct from those found in South America. The research runs counter to a popular theory that Polynesian seafarers might have reached the coast of South America hundreds of years ago, before European explorers.

Among the intriguing indications that contact might have been made between Polynesians and the native peoples of South America was the supposed pre-Columbian presence of non-native chickens, allegedly introduced to the continent by seafarers from South Pacific islands. More evidence comes from the ubiquity of the sweet potato, a South American native, in the South Pacificit was already widespread throughout the islands by the time James Cook sailed into the region in 1770. (See National Geographic's South Pacific photos.)

Now it appears the chicken link, at least, may be severed, according to Alan Cooper, director of the Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, a co-author of the study published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Researchers sequenced mitochondrial DNA from 22 chicken bones found at Polynesian archaeological sites and 122 feathers from modern chickens living on islands across the South Pacific. They used an enzyme to remove any contamination by modern DNA that may have clouded the results of earlier studies. When the team compared the "cleaned-up" DNA of Polynesian chickens with that of ancient and modern South American chickens, they found the two groups were genetically distinct.

The chicken DNA does not support a connection between the peoples separated by the Pacific, Cooper said. "Indeed, the lack of the Polynesian sequences [of DNA] in modern South American chickens ... would argue against any trading contact as far as chickens go."

Cooper and his colleagues were able to trace the origins of Polynesian chickens back in time and across the Pacific, following the lines of what must rank as one of the boldest, most romantic, and least understood human migrations of all timethe peopling of the tropical islands of the South Seas.

"We can show [from chicken DNA] that the trail heads back into the Philippines," Cooper said. "We're currently working on tracing it farther northward from there. However, we're following a proxy, rather than the actual humans themselves."

Tahitians sail and paddle rafts in an engraving done a few years after Captain James Cook explored Polynesia and Tahiti, then called Otaheite.

ILLUSTRATION BY SSPL, GETTY

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Chicken DNA Challenges Theory That Polynesians Beat Europeans to Americas

SAME DNA part2 of 1

By: Burriel Jones

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SAME DNA part2 of 1 - Video

20140314 DNA part2

By: My Peggy

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20140314 DNA part2 - Video