Category Archives: DNA

niall horan // d n a
So,I #39;ve made a new video! I put a lot of effort in this one,and I hope you #39;ll like it !:) ------------------------------------------------- Niall Horan Dna - Little Mix Made...

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niall horan // d n a - Video

When Illinois researchers set out to investigate a method to control how DNA moves through a tiny sequencing device, they did not know they were about to witness a display of molecular gymnastics.

Fast, accurate and affordable DNA sequencing is the first step toward personalized medicine. Threading a DNA molecule through a tiny hole, called a nanopore, in a sheet of graphene allows researchers to read the DNA sequence; however, they have limited control over how fast the DNA moves through the pore. In a new study published in the journal Nature Communications, University of Illinois physics professor Aleksei Aksimentiev and graduate student Manish Shankla applied an electric charge to the graphene sheet, hoping that the DNA would react to the charge in a way that would let them control its movement down to each individual link, or nucleotide, in the DNA chain.

"Ideally, you would want to step the DNA through the nanopore one nucleotide at a time," said Aksimentiev. "Take a measurement and then have another nucleotide in the sensing hole. That's the goal, and it hasn't been realized yet. We show that, to some degree, we can control the process by charging the graphene."

The researchers found that a positive charge in the graphene speeds up DNA movement through the nanopore, while a negative charge stops the DNA in its tracks. However, as they watched, the DNA seemed to dance across the graphene surface, pirouetting into shapes they had never seen, specific to the sequence of the DNA nucleotides.

"It reminds me of Swan Lake," Aksimentiev said. "It's very acrobatic. We were very surprised by the variety of DNA conformations that we can observe at the surface of graphene when we charge it. There is one sequence that starts out laying down on the surface, and when we change the charge, they all tilt on the side like they are doing a one-armed push-up. Then we also have nucleotides that would lay back, or go up like a ballerina en pointe."

Aksimentiev hypothesizes that the conformations are so different and so specific to the sequence because each nucleotide has a slightly different distribution of electrons, the negatively charged parts of the atoms. There is even a visible difference when a nucleotide is methylated, a tiny chemical change that can turn a gene on or off.

By switching the charge in the graphene, the researchers can control not only the DNA's motion through the pore, but also the shape the DNA contorts into.

"Because it's reversible, we can force it to adopt one conformation and then force it to go back. That's why we call it gymnastics," Aksimentiev said.

The researchers extensively used the Blue Waters supercomputer at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, housed at the University of Illinois. They mapped each individual atom in the complex DNA molecule and ran numerous simulations of many different DNA sequences. Supercomputing power was essential to carrying out the work, Aksimentiev said.

"This is a really computationally intensive project," he said. "Having access to Blue Waters was essential because with the sheer number of simulations, we would not have been able to finish them. It would have taken too long."

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Charged graphene gives DNA a stage to perform molecular gymnastics

DNA results can support application for citizenship

Results of DNA tests can support applications for citizenship for stateless children, said Deputy Home Minister Datuk Seri Dr Wan Junaidi Tuanku Jaafar.

However, he said, the DNA report was not a mandatory document required by the ministry to review an application which was still subjected to the law under section three of the Federal Constitution.

"Children who are born in the federation but the parents' marriage is not registered under the law and the mother is not a Malaysian, then they are not Malaysian citizens but follow the citizenship of their mother. "If the child is born in the federation and the parents' marriage is not registered, but the mother is Malaysian, then the child will be given Malaysian citizenship," he said at the Dewan Rakyat sitting here.

He was replying to a question from Loke Siew Fook (DAP-Seremban) who wanted to know if the ministry accepted DNA reports as supporting evidence for applications for citizenship of stateless children whose fathers were citizens.

Wan Junaidi said the citizenship status would not be easily granted to any individual because it was the highest award by the Malaysian government and subjected to the documents meeting the requirements of the law. He added that at present there were no outstanding applications for citizenship.

Replying to a supplementary question from Loke that the cost of RM1,500 to conduct DNA tests at the Chemistry Department was too high, Wan Junaidi said the ministry was willing to discuss reducing it with the department. Bernama

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DNA results can support application for citizenship

Thanks to base pairing, a carefully designed DNA molecule can fold into all sorts of interesting shapes.

Controlling the shape of tiny, inorganic structures could help us build light harvesting devices and other nanophotonic equipment. Previous methods for making them were limited in terms of controlling things like size, symmetry, and shape, and there were problems with scalability for commercialization.

Recently, researchers have developedDNA nanotechnology, which allows us to rationally design and synthesize nanoscopic structures with specific shapes. They've now used the successes theyve had with DNA to develop an innovative approach to making 3D inorganic structures with specific shapes.

Researchers used computational modeling to design the shape of a 3D DNA cavity that is then created by self-assembled DNA strandsbase pairing dictates how the DNA folds up in three dimensions. The DNA structure then acts as a mold for casting metal nanoparticles into desired 3D shapes, including asymmetric ones. Computational design of the DNA mold involved optimizing its structural stiffness and the dimensions of the internal cavity.

The versatility of the shapes they could generate using this method was demonstrated with the synthesis of three distinct silver cuboids, all less than 25nm a side. The cube-like shapes had three independently tunable dimensions as well as varied cross-sectional shapes.

To fabricate these cuboids, an open-ended DNA nanostructure barrel and two DNA lids were designed. A 5 nm gold nanoparticle was tethered to the interior of the barrel and the barrel was sealed with the lids. Under mild conditions, this gold nanoparticle seed grows until it fills the entire cavity when given dissolved gold to work with. In this case, the gold nanoparticle was converted to a silver cuboid by the addition of silver nitrate and ascorbic acid. Reactions of the silver ions in the solution then coated the gold inside the mold.

The versatility of the approach was demonstrated with the synthesis of structures composed of both silver and gold nanoparticles. DNA molds were also used to construct complex structures containing multiple components. One of these was a sandwich structure: quantum-dot-silver-quantum-dot. This exhibited plasmonic properties, coupling to electromagnetic radiationmeaning lightat wavelengths that are much larger than the particle itself.

The simplicity and versatility of this method will enable the fabrication of an array of nanostructures, which could help us develop new ways of manipulating light.

Science, 2014. DOI: 10.1126/science.1258361 (About DOIs).

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Making molds for metal nanoparticles using DNA

WHAT YOU EAT CAN CHANGE YOUR DNA! Properties of Marine Phytoplankton: NUCLEIC ACIDS
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WHAT YOU EAT CAN CHANGE YOUR DNA! Properties of Marine Phytoplankton: NUCLEIC ACIDS - Video

IM BACK FOR MY 6TH DNA TEST IS THIS MY 5TH BABY?
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IM BACK FOR MY 6TH DNA TEST IS THIS MY 5TH BABY? - Video

indigomoth Post 37 @Mor - It's important to note that, while Watson and Crick did put the final finishing touches on what scientists believed to be the shape of DNA, they had a lot of help and were only the very last in a chain of discoveries.

They came into the game knowing that DNA was probably composed of two strands and what elements made up those strands and that the gene markers made up the DNA, they weren't the DNA itself.

In particular Rosalind Franklin did a lot of work on the DNA structure and discovered that it was made up of two strands before the other two basically used all her work to prove their own theory. She hardly ever gets credit, since they won the Nobel prize, but I think that's a shame because our understanding of DNA sequencing owes a lot more to her than to them.

They were right on the verge of a breakthrough when one of them had a dream about a pair of snakes, coiled against each other, one with a head pointed down, the other with the head pointed up.

The next day, he realized that if DNA models were arranged like that, it would fit everything and history was made.

easier to understand! Thanks!

thank you! its easy to understand and to cite.

Thanks lot. It will help me for my research on dna.

thanks. this article is understandable and helpful at the same time. keep up the good work people.

Wow. Thank you! I learned a lot. Also you saved me because i have to do a project on dna and it's due tomorrow and i didn't even get started yet. yikes!

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What Is DNA? (with pictures) - wiseGEEK

DNA,abbreviation of deoxyribonucleic acid, organic chemical of complex molecular structure that is found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and in many viruses. DNA codes genetic information for the transmission of inherited traits.

A brief treatment of DNA follows. For full treatment, see genetics: DNA and the genetic code.

The chemical DNA was first discovered in 1869, but its role in genetic inheritance was not demonstrated until 1943. In 1953 James Watson and Francis Crick determined that the structure of DNA is a double-helix polymer, a spiral consisting of two DNA strands wound around each other. Each strand is composed of a long chain of monomer nucleotides. The nucleotide of DNA consists of a deoxyribose sugar molecule to which is attached a phosphate group and one of four nitrogenous bases: two purines (adenine and guanine) and two pyrimidines (cytosine and thymine). The nucleotides are joined together by covalent bonds between the phosphate of one nucleotide and the sugar of the next, forming a phosphate-sugar backbone from which the nitrogenous bases protrude. One strand is held to another by hydrogen bonds between the bases; the sequencing of this bonding is specifici.e., adenine bonds only with thymine, and cytosine only with guanine.

The configuration of the DNA molecule is highly stable, allowing it to act as a template for the replication of new DNA molecules, as well as for the production (transcription) of the related RNA (ribonucleic acid) molecule. A segment of DNA that codes for the cells synthesis of a specific protein is called a gene.

DNA replicates by separating into two single strands, each of which serves as a template for a new strand. The new strands are copied by the same principle of hydrogen-bond pairing between bases that exists in the double helix. Two new double-stranded molecules of DNA are produced, each containing one of the original strands and one new strand. This semiconservative replication is the key to the stable inheritance of genetic traits.

Within a cell, DNA is organized into dense protein-DNA complexes called chromosomes. In eukaryotes, the chromosomes are located in the nucleus, although DNA also is found in mitochondria and chloroplasts. In prokaryotes, which do not have a membrane-bound nucleus, the DNA is found as a single circular chromosome in the cytoplasm. Some prokaryotes, such as bacteria, and a few eukaryotes have extrachromosomal DNA known as plasmids, which are autonomous, self-replicating genetic material. Plasmids have been used extensively in recombinant DNA technology to study gene expression.

The genetic material of viruses may be single- or double-stranded DNA or RNA. Retroviruses carry their genetic material as single-stranded RNA and produce the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which can generate DNA from the RNA strand. Four-stranded DNA complexes known as G-quadruplexes have been observed in guanine-rich areas of the human genome.

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DNA (chemical compound) -- Encyclopedia Britannica

DNA Series Ep. 10 Motivation In The Gym
New episode of my DNA series (Diabetic and Aesthetic) Making progress every single day. My life as a Type 1 Diabetic while having Celiac Disease and being a college student living the health...

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DJ DNA Jah - Smokin Riddem (HD) @DeejayDNAJah
DJ DNA Jah - Smokin Riddem (HD) @DeejayDNAJah.

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DJ DNA Jah - Smokin Riddem (HD) @DeejayDNAJah - Video