Category Archives: DNA

Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare Road to DNA Bomb Ep.1
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Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare Road to DNA Bomb Ep.1 - Video

New DNA sequencing technologies have greatly expanded our knowledge of the human microbiome - the teeming world of microorganisms that inhabit our bodies - yet a team of researchers now argues that many studies may be flawed because of contamination.

In a paper published Wednesday in the journal BMC Biology, researchers suggested that bacteria living on human skin, in the soil or in water have erroneously turned up in many microbiome studies, particularly those that seek to catalog sparse populations of microbes.

The contamination, the authors wrote, can occur during sample collection, preparation or during DNA sequencing because of tainted testing kits and reagents.

"This can critically impact study results, and we're now advising caution to researchers studying microbiota," said a statement from Alan Walker, a microbiologist who led the study at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute and who is now at the University of Aberdeen. Both institutions are in Britain.

Problems, according to the researchers, are more likely to crop up in samples where relatively few foreign microbes exist, such as in blood or the lungs.

Contamination is much less likely to be a problem in samples where large numbers of microbes exist, such as in feces, researchers said.

The paper is not the first to recognize the problem, although it did conclude that the risk of contamination was greater as the biomass of the sample became smaller.

The researchers tested their hunch by sequencing heavily diluted samples of Salmonella bongori bacteria and used a variety of testing kits. Heavily diluted samples revealed a number of other microbes not contained in the original sample, they found.

"Contaminating DNA is ubiquitous in commonly used DNA extraction kits and other laboratory reagents and varies greatly in composition between different kits and kit batches," the authors wrote.

"This contamination critically impacts results," they wrote.

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Lab contamination ruins many microbiome studies, researchers say

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Newswise Damage to DNA is an issue for all cells, particularly in cancer, where the mechanisms that repair damage typically fail. The same agents that damage DNA also damage its sister molecule messenger RNA (mRNA), which ferries transcripts of the genes to the tens of thousands of ribosomes in each cell. But little attention has been paid to this damage.

Everybody thought, Why care about the messenger RNA? These molecules have high turnover rates and are quickly degraded, so what does it matter if one is damaged? said Hani Zaher, PhD, assistant professor of biology in Arts & Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis.

In organisms like E. coli or yeast, thats probably true, Zaher said. You dont have to worry about mRNA because it turns over really fast. But in neurons you cant use that argument because an mRNA can persist, in some cases for days. And if that mRNA is really damaged it can become a big problem.

There may be cases where messenger RNA is just as important as DNA, said Carrie Simms, PhD, a postdoctoral associate in Zahers lab. Clearly oxidative damage to RNA is somehow involved in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimers and ALS. Its not necessarily causing the disease; it may just be some sort of byproduct; but its in the mix.

Under normal conditions only about 1 percent of the cellular mRNAs are oxidized, Zaher said, but if you have oxidative stress, for whatever reason, a higher percentage can be damaged.

One of the hallmarks of Alzheimers is oxidative stress, and studies have shown that in people with advanced Alzheimers, half of the RNA molecules in the neurons may be oxidized.

In the November 13 issue of Cell Reports, Zaher, Simms and their colleagues report that when they fed oxidized mRNA to ribosomes, the nanomachines that convert mRNA to protein, the ribosomes jammed and stopped.

A stuck ribosome could be rescued by factors that released it from the mRNA and chewed up the damaged transcipt. But if the factors involved in this quality-control system were absent, damaged mRNA accumulated in the cell, just as it does in Alzheimers.

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It's Not Always the DNA

Police exhume two bodies hoping to use DNA to identify them
Police exhume two bodies hoping to use DNA to identify them.

By: WXYZ-TV Detroit | Channel 7

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Police exhume two bodies hoping to use DNA to identify them - Video

SBMG @ CLUB DNA AMSTERDAM
SBMG @ HALLOWEEN PARTY CLUB ANA AMSTERDAM.

By: Johnson Adeniyi Adesida

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SBMG @ CLUB DNA AMSTERDAM - Video

COD Advanced Warfare - INSANE "DNA BOMB" ON SOLAR! (COD AW Multiplayer Gameplay)
COD Advanced Warfare - INSANE "DNA BOMB" ON SOLAR! (COD AW Multiplayer Gameplay) DNA Bomb by: http://www.youtube.com/TheNo1Pred Commentator: ...

By: KARNAGE Clan

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COD Advanced Warfare - INSANE "DNA BOMB" ON SOLAR! (COD AW Multiplayer Gameplay) - Video

Advanced Warfare | Alkalye #39;s Flawless DNA Bomb! - Recovery Uplink
What up Youtube! It #39;s Alkalye bringing you a LIVE flawless DNA bomb gameplay, this was my second DNA bomb in AW. Hope you guys enjoy, and as always be sure to give the video a like if you did!...

By: Avion Gaming

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Advanced Warfare | Alkalye's Flawless DNA Bomb! - Recovery Uplink - Video

Advanced Warfare: First FFA DNA BOMB (Xbox One)

By: Nexiis

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Advanced Warfare: First FFA DNA BOMB (Xbox One) - Video

Cod: Advanced Warfare- "DNA BOMB" (SUB TO MY NEW CHANNEL)
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COD Advanced Warfare - DNA BOMB w/ EVERY GUN - "ASM1" - Fast DNA Bomb on Detroit - EP. 1! (COD AW)
COD Advanced Warfare - DNA BOMB w/ EVERY GUN - "ASM1" SMG - Fast DNA Bomb on Detroit! (COD AW) DNA Bomb by: http://www.youtube.com/RisingTidexXx Click Here to Subscribe!

By: KARNAGE Clan

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COD Advanced Warfare - DNA BOMB w/ EVERY GUN - "ASM1" - Fast DNA Bomb on Detroit - EP. 1! (COD AW) - Video