Category Archives: DNA

DNA helps to exonerate man wrongfully convicted of rape Dallas News myFOXdfw com
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Dna kit

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Advanced warfare first DNA Bomb

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A deep-learning algorithm shines a light on mutations in once obscure areas of the genome

The so-called "streetlight effect" has often fettered scientists who study complex hereditary diseases. Credit: Svisio/Thinkstock

The so-called streetlight effect has often fettered scientists who study complex hereditary diseases. The term refers to an old joke about a drunk searching for his lost keys under a streetlight. A cop asks, "Are you sure this is where you lost them?" The drunk says, "No, I lost them in the park, but the light is better here."

For researchers who study the genetic roots of human diseases, most of the light has shone down on the 2 percent of the human genome that includes protein-coding DNA sequences. Thats fine. Lots of diseases are caused by mutations there, but those mutations are low-hanging fruit, says University of Toronto (U.T.) professor Brendan Frey who studies genetic networks. Theyre easy to find because the mutation actually changes one amino acid to another one, and that very much changes the protein.

The trouble is, many disease-related mutations also happen in noncoding regions of the genomethe parts that do not directly make proteins but that still regulate how genes behave. Scientists have long been aware of how valuable it would be to analyze the other 98 percent but there has not been a practical way to do it.

Now Frey has developed a deep-learning machine algorithm that effectively shines a light on the entire genome. A paper appearing December 18 in Science describes how this algorithm can identify patterns of mutation across coding and noncoding DNA alike. The algorithm can also predict how likely each variant is to contribute to a given disease. Our method works very differently from existing methods, says Frey, the studys lead author. GWAS-, QTL- and ENCODE-type approaches can't figure out causal relationships. They can only correlate. Our system can predict whether or not a mutation will cause a change in RNA splicing that could lead to a disease phenotype.

RNA splicing is one of the major steps in turning genetic blueprints into living organisms. Splicing determines which bits of DNA code get included in the messenger-RNA strings that build proteins. Different configurations yield different proteins. Misregulated splicing contributes to an estimated 15 to 60 percent of human genetic diseases.

Frey, a computer engineer who has a cross appointment in the universitys Department of Medical Research, trained his algorithm using millions of data points: DNA sequences, genetic variations and RNA splicing patterns. The algorithm was then able to extrapolate how likely it was that any of tens of thousands of mutations could cause a splicing error associated with a particular disease.

The research team tested the method on spinal muscular atrophy as well as nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. Frey says the teams most ambitious case was its study of autism spectrum disorder; about 100 genes are known to be associated with it. In fact, many researchers think it is likely that autism comprises many disorders, each resulting from unique mutations but all resulting in common symptoms.

Working with U.T. autism researcher Stephen Scherer, Frey compared mutations in autism patients genomes with those of controls. Nothing unusual popped up. But when Frey and Scherer tested the genomes against the mutations flagged by Freys algorithm, they saw patterns emerge. According to Frey, Kids with autism are more likely to have these high-scoring mutations that change the meaning of the genome, and that are thought to be involved with brain functions and developmental functions.

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The Dark Corners of Our DNA Hold Clues about Disease

SAN DIEGO - The DNA evidence linking a one-time San Diego police lab worker to the 1984 murder of a 14-year-old girl was likely the result of cross-contamination, an attorney for his family said Thursday.

Kevin Charles Brown, 62, was found dead of an apparent suicide at Cuyamaca State Park on Oct. 21. San Diego police said that at the time of Brown's death, preparations were being made to arrest him for allegedly taking part in the killing of 14-year-old Claire Hough.

RELATED: Deceased ex-SDPD criminalist named suspect in girl's murder in 1984

The teen was found dead at Torrey Pines State Beach on Aug. 24, 1984. She had been beaten, strangled and stabbed, and one of her breasts had been cut off, authorities said.

In November 2012, cold case homicide detectives uncovered DNA evidence that allegedly linked Brown and a second man, Ronald Clyde Tatro, to the slaying. Tatro was 67 when he died in a boating accident in Tennessee in 2011.

Brown worked in the police lab from 1982 until his retirement in 2002. He was not assigned to the Hough investigation, but attorney Eugene Iredale said Brown had been working while samples from the teen's body were in the lab.

It was also common practice in 1984 for lab workers to use their own blood or semen during examinations because commercial samples were unavailable, and to dry samples on swabs in the open air, Iredale said.

"His lab table was side-by-side with that of the analyst who was working on Claire Hough's case, and the fact is that it's highly likely that the result on the single swab of a tiny amount of Kevin Brown's DNA was not the result of it having been deposited on the body of Claire Hough at the time of her death, but as a result of cross-contamination," Iredale said.

Brown's widow, Rebecca Blakely Brown, describe her husband of 21 years as introverted, gentle and loving.

"He was not a rapist and a killer," she said. "He was a quiet good man who devoted his life to helping people -- and helping, he thought, by putting away bad guys and doing his job."

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Attorney: Worker linked to murder by tainted DNA

DNA BOMB ON SOLAR WITH BAL 27

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Deciphering the digital DNA [40:05] - Medienforum Mittweida 2014
Die Journalistin Ulrike Langer berichtete im Panel Deciphering the digital DNA am ersten Tag des Medienforums Mittweida 2014 ber neue Start-Ups in der Medienbranche. Kamera/Ton/Redaktion/...

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Deciphering the digital DNA [40:05] - Medienforum Mittweida 2014 - Video

DNA: Will PM Nawaz Sharif #39;s vows to end #39;terrorism #39; be fruitful?
"We announce that there will be no differentiation between #39;good #39; and #39;bad #39; Taliban and have resolved to continue the war against terrorism till the last terrorist is eliminated. The fight...

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DNA: Will PM Nawaz Sharif's vows to end 'terrorism' be fruitful? - Video

Aw: FIRST DNA BOMB IN ITALY IN LIVE SU PS4*SOLO* 44 gunstreak+WEBCAM
Bella ragazzi e scusate se mi ha registrato solo meta #39; partita e se l audio non corrisponde proprio esattamente ma ho fatto il possibile. ho deciso di caricarvela perche era comunque la prima...

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Expect DNA changes and Alien contact in these latter times
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Expect DNA changes and Alien contact in these latter times - Video